高考英语二轮-完形填空（专项训练）（上海专用）（学生版）

这是一份高考英语二轮-完形填空（专项训练）（上海专用）（学生版），共19页。
TOC \ "1-2" \h \u \l "_Tc17943" 01 课标达标练（词汇填空节选）
\l "_Tc22251" 考向01 句内层次题（节选片段）
\l "_Tc22251" 考向02 句组层次题（节选片段）
\l "_Tc2717" 考向03 语篇层次题（节选片段）
\l "_Tc20184" 02 核心突破练
完形填空（语篇练）
\l "_Tc5699" 03 真题溯源练
\l "_Tc22251" 考向01 句内层次题（节选片段）
【01】
Digitising histrical dcuments brings huge benefits—files can be ___23___ and distributed, reducing the risk f their entire lss thrugh physical damage caused by fire r flding. And develping digital versins reduces ___24___ n the riginal items.
A. fight r flightB. life r deathC. wear and tearD. awe and wnder
【02】
These include media jbs, such as writing advertisements and articles, alng with many jbs in the financial fields and even tech-related jbs such as cmputer prgramming. AI is gd at ___44___ data, s financial analysts and market research analysts may find their jbs ___45___.
44. A. searchingB. prvidingC. analyzingD. string
45. A. at riskB. at wrkC. at lastD. at least
【03】
Maps, number lines, shapes, artwrk and ther materials tend t cver elementary classrm walls. Hwever, t much f a gd thing may end up ___41___ attentin and learning in yung children, accrding t research published in Psychlgical Science.
41.A. attractingB. distractingC. hldingD. paying
【04】
A ppular chice, ___34___, is t include mre fruit trees than a natural frest might supprt, thus creating an rchard that requires n maintenance.
A. fr exampleB. in essenceC. n the ther handD. after all
【05】
Lts f activities are linked t better brain health in ld age, like getting mre educatin when yu’re yunger and physical activity. Experts say regularly speaking multiple languages may be especially ___44___ thugh. “We use language in all aspects f daily life, s a bilingual brain is ___45___ wrking,”
44. A. beneficialB. cmmnC. impracticalD. rare
\l "_Tc22251" 考向02 句组层次题（节选片段）
【01】
In an age when everybdy is shwing ff nice things n scial media and ____45____ t be smething they’re nt, it feels smewhat revlutinary t just tell the truth abut what yu can’t affrd.
The term was first intrduced by TikTk (抖音) cmedian Lukas Battle. Battle explained his cncept in an interview: simply put, lud budgeting is being ____46____ abut what yu d and dn’t want t spend mney n. Since his vide, the cncept has caught n rapidly amng the
46. A. wrriedB. angryC. hnestD. excited
【02】
“We’re at an interesting stage f a startup; it’s called the Valley f Death,” says Sriram. “We are in the space where we haven’t submitted fr regulatry apprval yet, but we’re lking t cmmercialize in the next tw years.” Nevertheless, the impatient entrepreneur is ___51___.
A. delightfulB. insightfulC. pen-mindedD. ptimistic
【03】
A link in an email, ____50____, attracted 50% mre clicks when presented alne than when it was sent alngside a secnd additinal link.
50. A. in cmparisnB. after allC. fr instanceD. in particular
【04】
In the middle f 2023, a study cnducted by the HuthLab at the University f Texas sent shckwaves thrugh the fields f neurscience (神经科学) and technlgy. Fr the first time, the thughts and impressins f peple ___41___ t cmmunicate with the utside wrld were translated int cntinuus natural language, using a cmbinatin f artificial intelligence (AI) and brain imaging technlgy. This is the clsest science has yet cme t
___42___ smene’s mind.
41. A. eagerB. readyC. unwillingD. unable
【05】
Hwever, interpreting animal behavir thrugh human eyes can be ____44____, bserves Marc Hauser, a Harvard psychlgy prfessr and evlutinary bilgist. In the cucumber-grape study, fr example, the mnkeys culd have ____45____ the cucumbers simply because they were annyed that they didn’t get a grape nce they saw it.
44．A．criticalB．pessimisticC．prblematicD．marvellus
45．A．set asideB．thrwn awayC．held ntD．aimed at
\l "_Tc2717" 考向03 语篇层次题（节选片段）
【01】
Ways t Get That Vacatin Feeling in Tw Days
1. Get creative abut ____27____ time
2. Reflect n pririties
3. Act like a _____32_____
Decisin scientist Nika Kabiri recmmends ding smething ttally new s yu can discnnect frm the same ld rutines _____33_____ yur life. Amng her favrite ideas: Drive t a part f twn yu’ve never been t befre, g fr a strll, and grab lunch at the first cute café yu see. “The spntaneity（自发性）is what makes experiences like this feel vacatin-like,” Kabiri says.
32. A. residentB. masterC. turistD. neighbr
【02】
Under such circumstances, it is n surprise that mre peple are turning t private (but expensive) healthcare.
Fr sme, hwever, there are ___22___. They are turning their back n mdern pills, tablets and resrting t ther cnventinal medicine.
A. prgramsB. alternativesC. measuresD. scales
【03】
They were ____24____ that these kinds f rbts require glass syntactic fltatin fam, a type f flating material used in varius marine applicatins.____25____ mney, all they culd affrd was sme PVC pipes and duct tape (强力胶布).____26____, they searched the city fr varius spare parts, gathering whatever they culd t bring their visin t life.
A. TherefreB. OtherwiseC. MreverD. Hwever

Passage 1
【2025届上海市杨浦区复旦大学附属中学高三毕业考英语试题】
Mst f the earliest written languages that humans invented came frm pictures. These include the first knwn writing systems in Uruk ver 5,000 years ag, as well as ancient Egyptian and Mayan nes. Over time, the symbls became mre 1 t the pint that a mdern bserver wuld have little idea f what the symbl represents.
Sme f the writing systems that 2 frm pictgraphs are still in wide use tday, mst ntably Chinese. Alphabetic writing systems like Latin and English grew ut f a need t represent 3 rather than bjects and ideas. These kinds f written languages date back t n mre than 4,000 years ag. Pictures have sme 4 ver the syllabic (音节的) writing systems we are used t. Instead f referring t sunds in an essentially randm way, the frmer refers t the 5 . As such, they require n learning and n translatin.
A crucial challenge fr getting a language system t 6 is that everyne wh uses it has t agree ahead f time what each symbl means r sunds like. Pictures slve this prblem. But making a gd picture — 7 a spectacularly detailed and lifelike painting — takes a lng time. Instant 8 f it cmes at the expense f speed. 9 , this was the case until the internet age.
Luckily, Emjis remve all the 10 . Yu get a symbl with a (n) 11 understd meaning but withut having t draw it yurself. In additin, emjis, as their name implies, cnvey emtin in ways that are mre 12 t accmplish with wrds. S, in a way, writing has returned t its rts. 13 , the idea f “scrlling” n a webpage r app ges back t the unrlling f ancient parchment scrlls (羊皮卷轴).
The 14 f emjis is that they have nt yet been dcumented in a widely agreed-upn dictinary. There exists an Emjipedia but it is nt generally used. Perhaps the next evlutin f the language f emji will cme when peple systematize their meanings and put them int a kind f lgical rder, maybe even ne where each emji symbl 15 a new sund. In ding s, the whle prcess f building syllabic language frm pictgraphs may begin again.
1．A．abstractB．peticC．cncreteD．vivid
2．A．sufferedB．departedC．recveredD．evlved
3．A．scial phenmenaB．cmplex emtins
C．speech sundsD．cultural traditins
4．A．apprvalsB．impactsC．advantagesD．dubts
5．A．languageB．wrldC．ruleD．alphabet
6．A．speed upB．shw ffC．catch nD．break dwn
7．A．superir tB．let alneC．judge frmD．except fr
8．A．recgnitinB．cllectinC．misunderstandingD．cding
9．A．At leastB．What’s mreC．Abve allD．Fr instance
10．A．certaintyB．suspicinC．effrtD．expense
11．A．persnallyB．unusuallyC．partiallyD．universally
12．A．effrtlessB．labriusC．directD．fruitful
13．A．FrtunatelyB．SimilarlyC．MreverD．Nevertheless
14．A．specialtyB．highlightC．drawbackD．hazard
15．A．takes nB．takes utC．takes inD．takes ff
Passage 2
【2025届上海市嘉定区交大附中附属中学高三下学期5月高考模拟英语试题】
Every year, the wrld lses sme f its 7,000 languages. Parents stp speaking them t their children, wrds are frgtten and cmmunities lse the ability t read their wn 1 .
The UN’s culture agency, UNESCO, said predictins that half f the wrld’s languages will have died ut by the end f the century are 2 . Sme are disappearing with their last 3 . Thusands are 4 because they are nt being spken widely enugh r used in frmal settings such as schls r wrkplaces. The rate f lss is 5 , frm ne every three mnths a decade ag t ne every 40 days in 2019 — meaning nine languages die a year.
A quiet 6 is under way in cmmunities that feel their traditins are drwned ut. Tchi Precius, a Nigerian living in Abuja, said: “It pains my heart every day t see that a language is 7 , because it’s nt just abut the language, it’s als abut the peple, the histry assciated with it and the culture. When it is gne, everything linked t it is gne t.”
Precius said it was this 8 that made her jin effrts t save Igb, a west African language that was predicted t disappear in 2024. Ensuring there is a(n) 9 f wrds and meanings, hw it is written and hw it is used is key, accrding t campaigners, wh help thers prtect their languages thrugh the rganisatin Wikitngues.
Online encyclpaedia (百科全书) is favured by language activists as an effective and 10 way t uplad media and build dictinaries. Wikitngues, in particular, fcuses n 11 languages using cllective resurces free f charge, such as Wikipedia entries. Many language activists als create bks, vides and recrdings that can be widely 12 .
But after 13 , activists then have the challenge f persuading peple t use a language. Precius said that even thugh Igb is ne f Nigeria’s largest languages, many parents believe nly English is useful fr a child’s future. But she said it gave her pleasure t see the language ding better. “I have realised that, yes, a language can be endangered but then the peple wh speak the language can als fight fr its 14 . Because 2025 is already here, and definitely Igb is nt 15 ,” she said.
1．A．truthB．mindC．thughtsD．scripts
2．A．cnfidentB．ptimisticC．crrectD．accurate
3．A．speakersB．cursesC．barriersD．studies
4．A．endangeredB．differentC．infrmalD．unfficial
5．A．cutB．changedC．quickeningD．drpping
6．A．backfireB．utbreakC．ffsetD．fightback
7．A．cutting ffB．dying ffC．levelling ffD．falling ff
8．A．lssB．dealC．identityD．netwrk
9．A．needB．cmbinatinC．recrdD．utcme
10．A．cnventinalB．permanentC．preciseD．affrdable
11．A．analysingB．dcumentingC．develpingD．translating
12．A．admiredB．expectedC．respectedD．shared
13．A．innvatinB．reservatinC．preservatinD．mtivatin
14．A．survivalB．rightC．cuntryD．independence
15．A．universalB．dminantC．restredD．extinct
Passage 3
【上海市七宝中学2024-2025学年高三下学期5月英语试卷】
Many peple feel drained after ging thrugh a series f failures. Yu may be searching fr meaningful ways t 1 yur well-being. What better time t begin practicing self-acceptance than n Wrld Kindness Day?
2 , being kind t yurself ften invlves mre cmplexity than peple may realize. Mre than 20 years ag, Dr. Kristin Neff, an assciate prfessr f educatinal psychlgy at the University f Texas, develped a framewrk fr measuring self-acceptance designed t make this vital prcess mre accessible. The three cre factrs — mindfulness, cmmn humanity and kindness — are essential fr ffering yurself the same understanding and supprt that yu wuld 3 give t thers.
Mindfulness is an essential factr f self-acceptance
Mindfulness aims t bring 4 t the struggles yu are facing. It’s easy t verlk ur wn pain, but it’s als essential t pause and acknwledge the anxiety surrunding yu.
“Get angry at smething arund yu and the emtin might be quickly disappear,” said Dr Kimberly Hrn, a research psychlgist. Hwever, “that can turn int frustratin and ther 5 feelings fr us t hld n t,” Hrn added. “Thinking abut hw we treat urselves with 6 during this time is a pwerful tl.”
Recgnizing these 7 is just the first step in the healing prcess. Instead f allwing these negative feelings t 8 yu, Neff recmmended reminding yurself that there is mre that can be dne, n matter hw yu feel in the mment.
“We shuld be with that sadness and hpelessness and despair, let it all in, feel it, 9 it, give yurself empathy fr the incredible pain f it, and then start mving again,” Neff said.
Cmmn humanity helps us embrace ur differences
Starting frm within may be the key t better understanding thse wh 10 yu, accrding t a 2023 study published in the jurnal Self and Identity.
“When yu have empathy fr yurself, yu are 11 t have mre empathy fr thers,” said Dr. Hanh Annie Vu, the study’s lead authr. “Self-acceptance is linked t cmmn humanity, s viewing yurself and yur flaws as a nrmal part f being human is linked with less 12 tward utgrups.”
Finding cmmn grund, even in small ways strengthens understanding. When kindness seems 13 , it’s imprtant t make a cnscius effrt t lk fr the gd in thse arund us.
Kindness is abut priritizing yur peace
Practicing kindness invlves adpting a supprtive and 14 mindset, especially in hw yu talk t yurself and make decisins.
“I’ve had t say this t myself, ‘n matter what happens, I’ll 15 it,’” Neff said. “Day by day, I’ll be there t supprt myself t supprt thers.”
Extending kindness t yurself als can take many frms, such as setting bundaries with thse arund yu t prtect yur inner peace.
1．A．threatenB．endangerC．priritizeD．cncern
2．A．HweverB．TherefreC．BesidesD．Otherwise
3．A．partiallyB．readilyC．patientlyD．ccasinally
4．A．slutinsB．hpeC．awarenessD．resurces
5．A．uncmfrtableB．delicateC．indescribableD．particular
6．A．gratitudeB．severityC．dislikeD．kindness
7．A．emtinsB．reasnsC．factrsD．difficulties
8．A．sustainB．transfrmC．cnsumeD．mtivate
9．A．cntrlB．cncealC．acknwledgeD．deepen
10．A．stand byB．fall behindC．disagree withD．laugh at
11．A．unableB．likelyC．hesitantD．sensible
12．A．attentinB．trustC．supprtD．prejudice
13．A．limitedB．appreciatedC．misunderstdD．ignred
14．A．encuragingB．aggressiveC．creativeD．strategic
15．A．rely nB．take n ntice fC．get thrughD．keep away frm
Passage 4
【2025届上海市复兴高级中学高三下学期三模英语试题】
Hw can ne persn enjy gd health, while anther persn lks ld befre her time? Humans have been asking this questin fr thusands f years, and recently, it’s becming clearer and clearer t scientists that the differences between peple’s rates f aging lie in the cmplex 1 amng genes, scial relatinships, envirnments and lifestyles. Even thugh yu were brn with a particular set f genes, the way yu live can 2 hw they express themselves. Sme lifestyle factrs may even turn genes n r 3 them.
Deep within the genetic heart f all ur cells are telmeres, r repeating segments f nn-cding DNA that live at the ends f the chrmsmes (染色体).They frm caps at the ends f the chrmsmes and keep the genetic material tgether. Shrtening with each cell divisin, they help determine hw 4 a cell ages. When they becme t shrt, the cell stps 5 altgether. This isn’t the nly reasn a cell can age — there are ther stresses n cells we dn’t yet understand very well — but shrt telmeres are ne f the 6 reasns human cells grw ld. We’ve devted mst f ur careers t studying telmeres, and ne extrardinary discvery frm ur labs is that telmeres can actually 7 .
Scientists have learned that several thught patterns appear t be 8 fr telmeres and ne f them is cynical hstility. Cynical hstility is defined by high anger and frequent thughts that ther peple cannt be trusted. Smene with hstility desn’t just think, “I hate t stand in lng lines”; they think, “Others 9 sped up and beat me t my rightful psitin in the line!” — and then get vilently agitated. Peple wh scre high n measures f cynical hstility tend t get mre heart disease, metablic disease and ften die at 10 ages. They als have shrter telmeres. In a study f British civil servants, men wh scred high n measures f cynical hstility had shrter telmeres than men whse hstility scres were lw. The mst hstile men were 30% mre likely t have shrt telmeres.
What this means: aging is a 11 prcess that culd pssibly be accelerated r slwed, and in sme aspects, even reversed. T an extent, it has 12 us and the rest f the scientific cmmunity that telmeres d nt simply carry ut the cmmands issued by yur genetic cde. Yur telmeres are 13 yu. The fds yu eat, yur respnse t challenges, the amunt f exercise yu get, and many ther factrs appear t influence yur telmeres and can prevent 14 aging at the cellular level. One f the keys t enjying gd health is simply ding yur part t fster healthy cell 15 .
1．A．qualityB．interactinC．breakthrughD．challenge
2．A．influenceB．exchangeC．integrateD．evlve
3．A．set utB．put upC．shut ffD．act as
4．A．naturalB．ptentialC．uniqueD．fast
5．A．dividingB．recyclingC．creatingD．prcessing
6．A．efficientB．prductiveC．majrD．subsequent
7．A．deepenB．lengthenC．widenD．imprve
8．A．primitiveB．resistantC．riginalD．unhealthy
9．A．deliberatelyB．accidentallyC．literallyD．exceptinally
10．A．matureB．yungerC．incredibleD．current
11．A．permanentB．fundamentalC．dynamicD．psitive
12．A．surprisedB．remindedC．upsetD．trained
13．A．stirring upB．listening tC．breaking dwnD．turning int
14．A．riginalB．frequentC．universalD．premature
15．A．renewalB．recycleC．rediscveryD．reductin
Passage 5
【2025届上海市晋元高级中学高三下学期三模英语试题】
When I was a child, mealtimes were treasured family mments. My favrite dish was spaghetti pmdr, simple pasta in tmat sauce. Our meals 1 fresh vegetables, fruits, and, in ur teenage years, a glass f red wine. Occasinally, I enjyed a few slices f prsciutt (熏火腿) , and utdr sprts kept me active. This traditinal Mediterranean diet, rted in centuries f cultural heritage, kept me healthy and prved t be beneficial fr the 2 well-being as well.
In 2020, the Mediterranean diet celebrated its tenth anniversary as a UNESCO-designated “Cultural Heritage f Humanity.” Yet, surprisingly, Italians are 3 this healthy lifestyle. Fast fd cnsumptin is rising, prtins are grwing, and fewer families sit dwn fr 4 tgether. Alarmingly, Italian children nw rank amng the mst verweight in Eurpe, accrding t a Wrld Health Organizatin study.
This issue extends beynd Italy t becme a(n) 5 crisis. Malnutritin is a(n) 6 prblem: while hunger is rising glbally, with 821 millin peple undernurished, tw billin peple are verweight. 7 , ne-third f all fd prduced is wasted. Livestck farming alne cnsumes tw-thirds f agricultural land and accunts fr half f agriculture-related greenhuse gas emissins.
Withut immediate changes, this cycle will 8 . By 2050, the glbal ppulatin is expected t 9 by 2.3 billin, intensifying the demand fr meat. Since the mid-20th century, the fd system has priritized quantity ver quality, 10 vast fd waste. A fundamental shift is urgently needed t fcus n prducing healthier, mre sustainable fd.
The United Natins’ Sustainable Develpment Gals ffer a radmap t end hunger, imprve nutritin, and prmte sustainable agriculture. 11 these gals requires gvernments t supprt sustainable farming practices, reduce fd waste, and ensure healthy fd is bth accessible and affrdable. Taxing unhealthy fd is nt enugh; fruits and vegetables must becme bth prfitable fr farmers and 12 fr cnsumers.
Cmpanies must als 13 . At Barilla, we wrk with farmers t sustainably grw durum wheat, cmbining traditinal crp rtatin with mdern tls like advanced weather frecasting. This imprves efficiency, lwers csts, and enhances quality.
14 , sustainability must be jyful, nt punitive. Fd shuld remain clrful, appetizing, and scial. The Mediterranean diet reminds us t 15 vegetables, fruits, and whle grains, reduce meat cnsumptin, and enjy meals tgether. By embracing these habits, we can nurish ur health and prtect the planet fr generatins t cme.
1．A．fferedB．matchedC．featuredD．listed
2．A．ck’sB．planet’sC．natin’sD．teenager’s
3．A．taking upB．sticking tC．switching tD．mving away frm
4．A．mealsB．rulesC．gssipD．entertainment
5．A．EurpeanB．AsianC．glbalD．reginal
6．A．scialB．cntradictryC．medicalD．unlimited
7．A．NecessarilyB．MeaningfullyC．MrallyD．Shckingly
8．A．wrsenB．stabilizeC．swingD．restre
9．A．declineB．grwC．dubleD．reach
10．A．ranked asB．cntributing tC．reserved frD．resulting frm
11．A．DefiningB．SettingC．AchievingD．Assessing
12．A．affrdableB．deliciusC．edibleD．luxurius
13．A．leave utB．fade awayC．melt dwnD．step up
14．A．CnsequentlyB．HweverC．MreverD．Initially
15．A．escapeB．frecastC．cnserveD．priritize

Passage 1
（2023年6月·上海高考真题）
Dctrs are scientists wh perate in a wrld f statistics, dds and prbability. Yet they’ve lng been taught that when dealing with patients they shuld cnvey a reassuring level f cnfidence and certainty. (41)______, patients expect their dctrs t give them a clear diagnsis and a straightfrward curse f treatment. But nw that infrmatin abut every medical cnditin imaginable is just a few clicks away, experts are asking whether dctrs' apparent (42) _____ when cmmunicating with their patients actually des mre harm than gd. With the infrmatin verlad brught by the prgress f medicine and technlgy answers are (43) ______ black r white.
Medical schls are nly just starting t teach dctrs hw t deal with this, and patients' expectatins haven't (44) ______, either.
“Medicine has always fallen shrt f the srt f certainty that we find in math and gemetry”, says Dr. Rss Upshur, a researcher at the Dalla Lana Schl f Public Health in Trnt. “If yu think abut knwledge and what it des, it’s abut (45) ______ uncertainty, nt abut creating certainty. ”
Dctrs in training, like gamblers, need t be (46) ______ wrking in a field in which they’re cnstantly weighing the dds based n a myriad f factrs. When Upshur teaches medical students hw t diagnse an ailment(小恙), he tells them t (47) ______ their inquiry ---- cme up with a list f pssibilities, rather than quickly hme in n a single slutin. “Even when yu make a diagnsis that yu think is firm, yu usually dn’t have certainty abut what wuld be the best (48) ______ and what the utcmes will be in the lng run.”
Technlgy has helped (49) ______ the quest fr certainty. We are reaching a pint where we can feed a list f symptms int a cmputer and get a mre (50) ______ diagnsis than frm a dctr. Dr. Richard Schwartzstein, a prfessr f medicine at Harvard Medical Schl, sees such develpments as bth a/an (51) ______ and an pprtunity. On ne hand, he says, “technlgy tries t push yu t a/an (52) ______ level f certainty. D this test t get a 99 percent level f certainty that yu have this disease. ”
On the ther hand, cmputers can’t (53) ______ a diagnsis r a treatment t patients in a cmfrting way. Take a rutine screening test fr early-stage lung cancer. Based n yur age, yur smking status, and yur gender, a cmputer can d a great jb f evaluating the chances f finding a cancerus ndule (癌症结节). It can als (54) ______ quite precisely the risk f develping an actual cancer based n the size and shape f a ndule. What it can’t d, (55) ______, is decide hw t break the news that yu have a ndule in yur lung that has a 1 percent chance f becming a cancer.
A.On the handB. Afterwrds C. As a result D.Abve all
42.A. victim B. instance C. transparencyD. certainty
43.A. frequently B. generally C.rarelyD. mainly
44.A. adred B.transfrmed C.fadedD.adjusted
45.A. limitingB. hitting C.threatening D. assembling
46. A. cmpared withB. accunted fr C. accustmed tD.annyed at
B.train C.clarifyD.braden
48.A. identifyB. cure C.defendD.cause
49.A. enlightenB.redefine C.cmmitD.guarantee
50. A. accurateB.plain C.seriusD.remedial
51.A. challengeB. encunter C.cnversatinD.dispute
52.A. dangerusB. maximal C.unfavrableD.cntrasting
53. A.stuffB.hint C.cmmunicateD. indicate
54.A. cncludeB. understand C.assumeD. calculate
55. A.hweverB. therefre C. mreverD.hence
Passage 2
（2022年7月·上海高考真题）
A filler wrd is an apparently meaningless wrd, phrase r sund that marks a pause r hesitatin in speech. Als knwn as a pause filler r hesitatin frm. Sme f the cmmn filler wrds in English are um,uh, er, ah, like, kay,right, and yu knw. Althugh filler wrds “may have fairly minimal lexical(词汇的)cntent,” ntes linguist Barbara A. Fx, “they can play a strategic syntactic(句法的)rle in a(n) (41)________ cnversatin”. What appears t be a filler wrd may als be a hlphrase (整句字)(42) ________the cntext. “Hey, hey, shh, shh, shh. Cme n. Be sensitive t the fact that ther peple are nt cmfrtable talking abut emtinal (43)______. Um, yu knw,I am. I'm fine with that, but... ther peple".
“Mdern linguists led by Lenard Blmfield in 1933 call these ‘hesitatin frms’—the sunds f stammering (uh ), stuttering (um, um)，thrat-clearing (ahem!)，stalling ( well um, that is), interjected when the speaker is searching wrds r (44) _____fr the next thught. ” Yu knw that y’ knw is amng the mst cmmn f these (45) ________frms. Its meaning is nt the imperius ‘yu understand’ even the ld interrgatry ‘d yu get it’? It is given as, and taken t be, merely a filler phrase , (46) ____________ t fill a beat in the flw f sund, nt unlike like, in its new sense f, like, a filler wrd.
These staples f mdern filler cmmunicatin —I mean, y’ knw, like-can als be used as ‘tee-up wrds’.In ld times. pinter phrases r tee-up wrds were get this wuld yu believe? and are yu ready? The (47) ______ f these rib-nudging phrases was- are yu ready-t make the pint, t fcus the listener’s attentin n what was t fllw. If the (48) _______is t tee up a pint, we shuld accept y’ knw and its friends as a.mildly (49)_______ spken punctuatin, the articulated cln(冒号) that signals ‘fcus n this’... if the purpse is t grab a mment t think, we shuld allw urselves t wnder: Why are filler phrases needed at all? What(50) _____the speaker t fill the mment f silence with any sund at all?
Why d sme peple fill the air with nn-wrds and sunds? Fr sme, it is a sign f nervusness; they fear silence and experience speaker (51) _____ . Recent research at Clumbia University suggests anther reasn. Clumbia psychlgists guessed that speakers fill pauses when (52) ______ fr the next wrd. T investigate this (53) ________, they cunted the use f filler wrds used by lecturers in bilgy, chemistry, and mathematics, where the subject matter uses scientific definitins that limit the variety f wrd chices (54) ________ t the speaker. They then cmpared the number f filler wrds used by teachers in English, art histry, and philsphy, where the subject matter is less (55) ________ and mre pen t wrd chices.
41 A. undertaking B. discvering C.disliking D.unflding
42 A. depending n B. hlding up C. taking ver D. arranging fr
43. A. appliances B substances D. finances
44. A. n the cntrary B. at a lss C. at dawn D. n n accunt
45. A. perseverance B.cmplexity C. hesitatin D. bligatin
46 A. intended B. attended C. pretended D. extended
47. A. interest B. experience C. advantage D. functin
48 A. architecture B.purpse C. cmpletin D. randm
49 A annying B. striking C.entertaining D.embarrassing
50. A. ppresses B. recycles C. highlights D. mtivates
51 A. danger B. anxiety D.sculpture
52. A. bthering B inspecting C.searching D accmplishing
B. chance C. basis D. feedback
54. A. feasible B credible C.cnsiderable D. available
55. A.well-matched B. well-defined C.well-bred D.well perceived
Passage 3
（2021年6月·上海高考真题）
Peple believe that having pets is verall a gd thing fr children. But des this belief hld up t (41) __________? The new field f human-animal interactin aims t find ut.
Ten years ag, when psychlgist Jan Smith reviewed the literature n child-animal relatinships, she reprted that interacting with animals led yung children t better understand bilgy than pet-less children. Kindergartners wh had cared fr gldfish were mre(42) _________ when respnding t questins like "des a gldfish have a heart?" They als mre easily(43) __________bilgical infrmatin frm ne species t anther, inferring that baby frgs get bigger just like gldfish d. She als reprts that thse kids wh turned t their pets fr emtinal supprt were less (44)__________ than these wh didn't.
The past ten years have seen sme advances, but literature n the tpic is still rather (45) _______. A recent paper by researcher Meg Brwn at Lakeside University (46)________ sme imprtant infrmatin t the discussin.
She turned t a data-set that includes infrmatin frm 7, 000 kids, ranging in (47) _________ frm thirteen t nineteen years. Fr the study, bth pet wning and ther types f (48) _______ activities, like hrseback riding, were cnsidered as human-animal interactin experience.
She fund that adlescents with animal experience were mre likely t see themselves as imprtant(49)__________ t their cmmunities, such as ding cmmunity service. She als fund that the higher the level f(50)________between a teenager and animals, the higher they scred n measurements f emtinal cnnectedness in general. While causality(因果关系)cannt be determined, Brwn says that it is at least(51)_________ that children and adlescents can learn abut healthy scial relatinships frm their experiences f interacting with animals.“If a cnnectin exists between the skills required fr these relatinships,then it might be useful t make use f animal relatinships as a way t (52)_______ the develpment f scial skills," she says.
Brwn is aware f the limitatins f her study. It can't reach any cnclusins abut the causal rle f animals in kids’ lives, and it's limited t (53) __________ natinwide. Besides, the study was nt designed t (54)_________ any ptential negative effects f human-animal interactin experiences.Sme ther studies, fr example, have shwn that pet wners have higher levels f (55)_______ , like depressin, than nn-pet wners.
41. A. cmmn sense B. scientific evidence
C. universal assumptins D. natural tendencies
42.A. enthusiastic B. curius C.accurateD. serius
43. A. transferredB. cllectedC. judgedD. spread
44.A. cautiusB. vigrus C. ambitiusD.anxius
45.A. limitedB. reliableC. varied D. fascinating
46. A. wesB.addsC. restricts D.adapts
B.age C. height D. perfrmance
48. A. animal-watching B. animal-led
C. animal-friendly D. animal-related
49. A.dnatrs B.delegates C.cntributrs D. witnesses
50. A. difference B. islatin C.attachment D. disapprval
51. A. pssible B.questinable C. misleading D. uncertain
B. stress C. invlve D. prmte
B.researchers C. pet-less children D. pet wners
54. A. d away with B. thrw light n C. take advantage f D. make up fr
55. A. needs B. tests C.explanatins D.disrders