高考英语二轮讲义-阅读7选5——说明文（核心考点精讲精练）（教师版）

这是一份高考英语二轮讲义-阅读7选5——说明文（核心考点精讲精练）（教师版），共159页。试卷主要包含了 高考真题考点分布， 命题规律及备考策略，常见逻辑关系及解题方法，代词指代一致，句式一致， 　18　，F考查上下文的衔接，A考查小标题等内容，欢迎下载使用。
本资料注重培优，集中强化重点，突破难度，规避易混易错点，练习全部是26年新模拟题
1. 高考真题考点分布
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
1．从命题内容上看，高考命题主要从以下几方面考查：话题与当代社会生活紧密相关、人文气息浓厚，引导学生关爱自我、关爱社会、热爱生活。
2．从命题思路上看：体裁以说明文、记叙文为主。题型以段中句为主，段首句和段尾句为辅。
语篇模式也较为固定：依次是提出问题、分析问题、最后是提供解决方案；主要考查考生的做题技能和整体阅读判断能力，注重考查文章的结构。
【备考策略】
1.掌握说明文的结构特点和命题形式。
2.掌握说明文阅读填空的解题思路和技巧。
【命题预测】
预计2026年说明文考查的可能性最大。复习过程中要熟练掌握说明文的命题特点和解题方法，做到成功应对说明文阅读填空。
【必备基础知识】
一、【语篇特点】
分析篇章结构，把握全篇文脉是阅读“七选五”解题的关键，英语的语篇（Text）通常是由句子（Sentence）和语段（Sentence grup）构成的，语段是句子和语篇之间的中间层次，句子虽然能够单独地表达相对完整的思想，但是它不能表达多方面比较复杂的思想，只有把几个句子结合为较大的言语片段，才能表达一个相对独立的层意，所谓“积句成章，积章成篇”就是这个道理。
分析文章的层次包含两种形式：一种是分析整篇文章的层次，也就是段落（Paragraph）；另一种是分析每一个段落内部的层次，也就是语篇层次。
语篇与段落是有区别的，语段是篇章结构的中间层次，是由句子到语篇的一种过渡形式，段落是在某些语体（如记叙文、议论文等）中比语段更大的意义单位，较小的段落可以只包括一个语段或一个句子，一般来说，一个段落通常由几个语段构成。构成语段的方式有两种，一是靠句际间意义的结合，二是靠句际间的关联词，逻辑性插入语来连接，在分析语段层次时，可以借助句际间的连接词语作出判断，但最主要的还是要真正体会句际间的意义关系，把握作者的思路，从语序上去发现断续点，理清层次，好文章的层次非常清晰，只有层层入手，才能真正理解文章。
二、【解题策略】
1、从细节逻辑上判断——因果关系
在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，明白这几句话的确切意思，然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上，判断它们之间的逻辑关系来进一步确认答案。
因果关系主要指前后的句子有着原因和结果之间的关系，这种关系往往说明了前因后果或者前果后因等情况。表示因果关系的连词有as a result（结果），thus / therefre（因此），s (such) ... that ...（如此 以至于 ）等。
2、从细节逻辑上判断——转折关系
转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。
表示转折关系的连词有：Hwever（然而），nevertheless（仍然；然而；不过）， nnetheless（尽管如此；依然；然而），still（还；然而），thugh（可是；不过；然而），yet（然而），in spite f（不顾；不管），at any rate（无论如何；至少），in any case（无论如何；不管怎样），whever（无论是谁），whatever（无论什么），n the cntrary（正相反），in cntrast（与此相反；相比之下），by cntrast（相反；相比之下），in cmparisn（比较起来；比较地），by cmparisn（相比之下），cnversely（相反地），therwise（否则；除此以外），nt ... but ...（不是 而是 ），as well（也）等。
3、从细节逻辑上判断——例证关系
前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式多样，但就其本质而言无非是思维上的形象（例子）和抽象（观点）的辩证关系，用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳（从例子到观点）和推理（从观点到例子）。
4、从细节逻辑上判断——递进关系
递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。
表示递进关系的连词有：als（也；而且），further（另外），furthermre（而且；此外），likewise（同样地；类似地；也；又），similarly（相似地；类似地），mrever（而且；再者；此外），in additin（另外；加之），what’s mre（而且；更重要的是），t（也；还），either（也），neither（两者都不），nt nly … but als …（不但 …… 而且 ……）等。
5、从细节逻辑上判断——列举关系
表示列举关系的有：first（首先；第一），secnd（第二），third（第三）……；firstly（第一；首先），secndly（第二；其次），thirdly（第三）……；first（第一），next（其次），then（那么；然后）……；in the first place（第一；首先），in the secnd place（第二；其次）……；fr ne thing（首先；一则），fr anther thing（其次）……；t begin with（首先；第一），t cnclude（最后）等。
6、从词汇线索上判断——指代关系
英语表达中的代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。
7、从词汇线索上判断——同义关系
英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。利用前后句中这种特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题。
8、从试题位置上判断——问题在段首
假如问题出现在段首，它通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。另外着重阅读后文第一、二句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空格后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种衔接手段，尤其是当选项是几句话时。
9、从试题位置上判断——问题在段尾
所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。
总之，分析与前文是转折或是对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折或对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立或对比关系。如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词（如转折词）引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。段尾通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等信号词，如therefre, as a result, thus, hence, in shrt, t sum up, t cnclude, in a wrd等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。
考点一 阅读7选5中的微观技巧
1.利用词汇关系解题
词汇复现法是为了保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即在文章中对同一个概念进行重复描述，从而使得同样的意思在文章中不同位置反复出现。在做题时考生要注意选项中出现的与正文意思相同、相近或相反的词汇。
词汇复现：原词复现、同义词或近义词复现、反义词复现、同源词复现。
识别词汇复现的方法：1.着重阅读空前、空后两句，锁定关键词，在选项中查找关键词。2.正确选项中的关键词一般重复前一句中的关键词，且与下一句的关键词呼应。
2.利用一致关系解题
一致性原则包括：①句式一致：如果文章有小标题，其句式往往统一，多为祈使句或名词短语。通过观察前后段落的小标题句式，可以确定设空处的正确选项。若无小标题，可依据前后段的句首句式，利用句式一致原则进行判断。同样，段中句也可通过上下句式结构的一致性来判断正确答案。
②指代一致：句子中的代词与上下文的名词之间存在一致的指代关系。通过仔细分析空白处前后的名词，可以明确这种指代关系，从而确定正确选项。
③问答一致：在解答7选5题目时，如果选项或文章中出现了疑问句，我们可以通过下文的答语来确定上文的问句内容，反之亦然。
④主从句一致：在考查含状语从句的复合句时，如果空在前，则空白后部分以小写字母开头。找到备选项中不能独立成句的选项，再根据主从句一致原则确定正确答案。
3.常见逻辑关系及解题方法
①并列关系
表现形式：and, als, as well as, besides, in additin, mrever, furthermre, , , nt als... 等。
解题方法：如果空白处前后的内容是并列关系，那么可以从选项中找出与前后内容相关的并列项。例如，如果空白处前一句提到了 “reading bks”，后一句提到了 “watching mvies”，那么空白处可以填入 “listening t music” 等与阅读和看电影并列的活动。
②转折关系
表现形式：but, hwever, yet, n the cntrary, in cntrast, while, whereas 等。
解题方法：如果空白处前后的内容是转折关系，那么可以从选项中找出与前后内容相反的选项。例如，如果空白处前一句提到了 “it is easy t learn English”，后一句提到了 “it is difficult t master English”，那么空白处可以填入 “Hwever, learning English requires patience and perseverance.” 等表示转折的句子。
③因果关系
表现形式：because, since, as, fr, due t, thanks t, s, therefre, thus, as a result, cnsequently 等。
解题方法：如果空白处前后的内容是因果关系，那么可以从选项中找出表示原因或结果的选项。例如，如果空白处前一句提到了 “he studied hard”，后一句提到了 “he gt gd grades”，那么空白处可以填入 “As a result, he gt gd grades.” 等表示结果的句子。
④递进关系
表现形式：besides, in additin, mrever, furthermre, what's mre, nt als... 等。
解题方法：如果空白处前后的内容是递进关系，那么可以从选项中找出表示更进一步的选项。例如，如果空白处前一句提到了 “he is gd at math”，后一句提到了 “he is als excellent in physics”，那么空白处可以填入 “Mrever, he is interested in chemistry.” 等表示递进的句子。
⑤举例关系
表现形式：fr example, fr instance, such as, like, namely 等。
解题方法：如果空白处前后的内容是举例关系，那么可以从选项中找出具体的例子。例如，如果空白处前一句提到了 “there are many kinds f sprts”，后一句提到了 “such as basketball, ftball and tennis”，那么空白处可以填入 “Fr example, swimming and running are als ppular sprts.” 等表示举例的句子。
1. 原词复现(2022新课标卷第39题) ntice
My partner psted her request n the ntice bard f a lcal park. Her ntice included what kind f training she wanted t d, hw many days a week and hw many hurs she wanted t spend n each sessin, and her age. It als listed her favrite sprts and activities, and prvided her phne number. 39
A. Yur first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A wrkut partner usually needs t live clse by.
C. Yu’ll wrk harder if yu train with smene else.
D. D yu want t be a better athlete in yur favrite sprt?
E. Hw can yu write a gd “seeking training partner” ntice?
F. Just accept yur differences and learn t wrk with each ther.
G. Any ntice fr a training partner shuld include such infrmatin.
【答案】 G
【解析】根据前文“My partner psted her request n the ntice bard f a lcal park. Her ntice included what kind f training she wanted t d, hw many days a week and hw many hurs she wanted t spend n each sessin, and her age. It als listed her favrite sprts and activities, and prvided her phne number. (我的搭档把她的要求贴在了当地公园的布告栏上。她的注意事项包括她想要做什么样的锻炼，每周多少天，每次培训要花多少小时，以及她的年龄。它还列出了她最喜欢的运动和活动，并提供了她的电话号码。)”可知，本段作者以自己的锻炼伙伴为例，说明寻找锻炼伙伴布告所要包括的信息。所以选择项G“Any ntice fr a training partner shuld include such infrmatin. (任何锻炼伙伴的布告都应包括这些信息。)”符合上下文语境。故选G。
2.同义词复现 (2023全国乙卷第36题) little=small
Over the years, there have been a number f different techniques t help designers apprach this imprtant pint. While all f them are useful, they can get a little cmplex. But gd news is that there’re really nly three kinds f decisins yu need t make abut clr in yur hme: the small nes, the medium nes, and the large nes.
38 . They’re the little spts f clr like thrw pillws, mirrrs and baskets that mst f us use t add visual interest t ur rms. Less tiring than painting yur walls and less expensive than buying a clrful sfa, small clr chices bring with them the significant benefit f being easily changeable.
…
A. While all f them are useful
B. Whatever yu’re lking fr
C. If yu’re experimenting with a clr
D. Small clr chices are the nes we’re mst familiar with
E. It’s nt really a gd idea t use t many small clr pieces
F. S it pays t be sure, because yu want t get it right the first time
G. Clr chices in this range are a step up frm the small nes in tw majr ways
【答案】D
【解析】解此题可运用词汇复现法，该空后面的They're the little spts f clr和D选项Small clr chice是同义词复现，所在段最后一句中的“small clr chices”是D项“Small clr chices”的原词复现。上一段结尾提到三种选择: the small nes, the medium nes, and the large nes。接下来分别一一介绍。且该段中作者提到小物品如小靠垫、镜子、篮子等的颜色可以给房间带来视觉上的乐趣，以及其他好处。由此可知，本段介绍的是small clr chices。故答案是D。
3.反义词复现（2020全国II卷第39题）friendlier和unfriendly
While the yunger generatins prefer t cmmunicate visually, fr thse used t wrking with traditinal tls like email, it may feel like a learning curve（曲线）. The gd news is that it’s simple t learn and can be wrth the effrt.
There is als the matter f tne（语气）. Wh hasn’t received an email s annying that it ruined an entire day? 39 . Emji can help cmmunicatin feel friendlier, and even a serius nte can be sftened with an encuraging smile.
A. Message with emjis feel mre cnversatinal
B. Even a frmal email can seem cld and unfriendly
C. Sending smiling faces t clleagues may seem strange
D. The ppularity f these platfrms is spreading glbally
E. Giving emplyees the tls enables them t cmmunicate hnestly
F. Studies shw that friendlier cmmunicatin leads t a happier wrkplace
G. An easy way t bring all wrk generatins tgether is with a chat platfrm
【答案】B
【解析】根据前句“ Wh hasn’t received an email s annying that it ruined an entire day? (谁没有收到过毁掉了一整天的邮件呢？)”和后文介绍表情的优点，可知，这里陈述电子邮件的缺点。
4.代词指代一致（2023新高考I卷39题）
Yu culd ask a friend r family member t help add t yur list. 39 That way, yu culd exchange thughts n what makes each f yu special and the aspects f yur persnality that shine thrugh. In fact, dn’t wait until yu’ve made a mistake t try this—it’s a great way t bst self-cnfidence at any time.
A. A little self-frgiveness als ges a lng way.
B. Nw list all the characteristics yu like abut yurself.
C. They might even like t have a g at ding the exercise.
D. It’s just as imprtant t shw yurself sme frgiveness.
E. It desn’t mean yu have t ignre what’s happened r frget it.
F. Whatever it is, n matter hw small it might seem, write it dwn.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect f yur persnality.
【解析】39.根据空后内容“That way, yu culd exchange thughts n what makes each f yu special and the aspects f yur persnality that shine thrugh.(这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个性中闪光的方面。)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项C“They might even like t have a g at ding the exercise.(他们甚至可能想试一试做练习。)”符合语境，C项中的“they”与空前的“Yu culd ask a friend r family member t help add t yur list.(你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“a friend r family member”保持一致，同时选项C和下文“In fact, dn’t wait until yu’ve made a mistake t try this—it’s a great way t bst self-cnfidence at any time.(事实上，不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法。)”中的“this”一致。故选C。
5.句式一致（2016高考II卷）
A garden that’s just right fr yu
Have yu ever visited a garden that seemed just right fr yu, where the atmsphere f the garden appeared t ttal mre than the sum(总和) f its parts? 16 . But it desn’t happen by accident. It starts with lking inside yurself and understanding wh yu are with respect t the natural wrld and hw yu apprach the gardening prcess.
● 17
Sme peple may think that a garden is n mre than plants, flwers, patterns and masses f clr. Others are cncerned abut using gardening methds that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料). 18 .Hwever, there are a number f ther reasns that might explain why yu want t garden. One f them cmes frm ur earliest years.
●Recall(回忆)yur childhd memries
Our mdel f what a garden shuld be ften ges back t childhd. Grandma’s rse garden and Dad’s vegetable garden might be gd r bad, but that’s nt what’s imprtant. 19 — hw being in thse gardens made us feel. If yu’d like t build a pwerful bnd with yur garden, start by taking sme time t recall the gardens f yur yuth. 20 . Then g utside and wrk ut a plan t translate yur childhd memries int yur grwn-up garden. Have fun.
A. Knw why yu garden
B. Find a gd place fr yur wn garden
C. It’s ur experience f the garden that matters
D. It’s delightful t see s many beautiful flwers
E. Still thers may simply enjy being utdrs and clse t plants
F. Yu can prduce that kind f magical quality in yur wn garden, t
G. Fr each f thse gardens, write dwn the strngest memry yu have
【解析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了如何种植一个正好适合你的花园。
16.F考查上下文的衔接。根据文章首句及下文的But it desn’t happen by accident.可知，这里讲了“你是否曾去过一个花园……但是它不是偶然发生的。”故F. Yu can prduce that kind f magical quality in yur wn garden, t符合语境。
17.A考查小标题。根据下文的a number f ther reasns that might explain why yu want t garden. 可知，本段主题与你想要种植花园的原因有关，再加上句式特征祈使句。故选A。18. E考查上下文的衔接。根据上文的"Sme peple may think..."和"Others are cncerned abut..."可知此处表达的是人们种植花园的不同原因,而E项中的"Still thers may simply enjy..."与上下文衔接自然,故选E项。19. C考查上下文的衔接。根据上文的" that’s nt what’s imprtant"和下文中的"hw being in thse gardens made us feel"可知此处讲的应是什么是重要的,故C项符合语境。20. G考查上下文的衔接。上文的"the gardens f yur yuth"以及下文的"yur childhd memries"与G项中的"thse gardens"和"the strngest memry yu have"相呼应,故选G项。
6.转折关系
（2022全国乙卷）
·Dn’t rely n technlgy alne
40 , but lng-distance friendships — even clse nes — may require mre cnscius effrt t sustain. Try t seek ut chances t renew friendships. Hw t d it? Just spend face-t-face time tgether whenever pssible.
A. Remember imprtant dates
B. Cmpensate by writing letters
C. It is als helpful fr yu t be a friendship keeper
D. Try t find a time that wrks fr bth f yu and stick t it
E. Friends need t talk abut their preferred methds f cmmunicatin
F. It is easy t have a sense f cnnectedness thrugh scial media
G. Yu may be the friend wh left r the ne wh was left behind
【解析】40. F。设空处所在句子的后半句“but lng-distance friendships — even clse nes — may require mre cnscius effrt t sustain.”（但是异地友谊——甚至是关系亲密的友谊——可能需要更加自觉地去维系。）讲的是我们要更加自觉地维系异地友谊，其中“but”说明后半句与设空处形成转折，而F项“朋友之间很容易通过社交媒体产生一种联结感”讲的是可以通过社交媒体这种方式很容易与朋友产生联结，与后半句“require mre cnscius effrt t sustain”形成转折，而且其中的“scial media”呼应了该段的小标题“Dn’t rely n technlgy alne”（不要仅仅依赖技术）中的“technlgy”。故选F。
7.因果关系
（2020新高考卷）
Even the mst successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the nly ne wh cares abut any mistake is the ne wh is speaking. Peple’s attentin wanders cnstantly. In fact, mst peple nly absrb abut 20 percent f a speaker’s message. S, dn’t stp speaking when yu make a mistake unless it’s a truly serius ne. 38
A. D the ppsite.
B.Y u want t be an effective public speaker.
C. Yu dn’ t need t aplgize fr a minr slip.
D. When it cmes t public speaking, less is usually mre.
E. The bjective f mst speeches is t benefit the audience
F. Take the fear ut f public speaking by fcusing n yur listeners
G. Hwever, the majrity f peple are effective speakers because they train t be.
【解析】38. C。根据上文中的“S，dn’t stp speaking when yu make a mistake unless it’s a truly serius ne.”可知，当你犯错时不要停止演讲，除非是非常严重的错误。据此可以推知，空处承接上文，说明犯小错误无需道歉，故C项正确。
8.递进关系
（2023全国甲卷）
●Practice gratitude (感激)
Thankfulness has a lt f benefits: Research shws it makes us happier, less stressed and even mre ptimistic. 37 . “Shwing thankfulness can fster self-cntrl,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University f Califrnia.
A. Find yur causes
B. Start with small tasks
C. Accept the uncmfrtable
D. All this adds up t a state f hurry
E. It can als help us practice mre patience
F. This is merely uncmfrtable, nt intlerable
G. They’re all situatins where we culd use a little extra patience
【解析】37.根据上文“Thankfulness has a lt f benefits: Research shws it makes us happier, less stressed and even mre ptimistic.(感恩有很多好处：研究表明，感恩让我们更快乐，压力更小，甚至更乐观)”以及后文““Shwing thankfulness can fster self-cntrl,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University f Califrnia. (加州大学的研究员叶丽说：“表达感激可以培养自我控制能力。”)”可知，上文提到了感恩的诸多好处，可知本句继续说明感恩的好处：它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心。E选项中It指代上文Thankfulness。故E选项“它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心”符合语境，故选E。als表示递进关系。
1.（2026·辽宁省名校联盟高高三上学期开学）
Yu’ve likely heard that yu shuld live life t the fullest, but hw can yu achieve this? 1 Here are sme ways yu can d t start living yur life t the fullest tday.
Embrace where yu are in life’s jurney.
If yu want t live life t the fullest, start by lving yurself fr exactly wh yu are. 2 Yu’ve all gt a path and things t wrk ut, and it’s just accepting what happened rather than ptentially judging it.
3
Yur cmfrt zne is just the rutine parts f yur daily life that are familiar t yu. Yur cmfrt zne brings feelings f safety and security, but it als keeps yu frm grwing and changing. Over time, yur cmfrt zne can feel mre like it’s restricting yu and hlding yu back. That’s why it’s imprtant t shake things up every nw and again.
Be hnest with yurself and thers.
This desn’t mean that yu never tell a “little white lie” — what this means is that yu always act twards yurself and thers in a way that’s true t yur cre values. When yu always act hnestly and sincerely in service t yur cre values, yu’re cnsistent and peple knw they can rely n yu. 4
Keep yurself as fit and healthy as pssible.
It’s true that many aspects f yur verall health are ut f yur cntrl. 5 Keeping yur bdy healthy ensures that yu have the energy yu need t live yur life t the fullest. Always lk fr the mst exciting way t d smething, whether it’s taking the stairs instead f the elevatr r skipping hme frm the bus instead f walking.
A．Step ut f yur cmfrt zne.
B．Stay in safe daily rutines ften.
C．This means the first step is acceptance.
D．Peple’s reliance encurages yu t be hnest.
E．But yu can still eat right and get a little exercise every day.
F．Well, what yu shuld d is whatever fulfills and enriches yu.
G．This enables yu t better build the relatinship t live life t the fullest.
【答案】1．F 2．C 3．A 4．G 5．E
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是如何充分享受生活，给出了接纳当下、走出舒适区等方法，助力人们从现在开始更好地体验生活。
1．根据空前的“Yu’ve likely heard that yu shuld live life t the fullest, but hw can yu achieve this? (你可能听说过应该充分享受生活，但如何才能做到呢？)”可知，此空需先回应“如何充分享受生活”的疑问，再引出下文具体方法。F选项“Well, what yu shuld d is whatever fulfills and enriches yu. (嗯，你应该做的是任何能让你感到满足和充实的事情)”解答前文疑问，起到承上启下的作用，符合语境。故选F项。（问答一致）
2．根据空前的“If yu want t live life t the fullest, start by lving yurself fr exactly wh yu are. (如果你想充分享受生活，首先要完全接受自己本来的样子去爱自己)”以及空后的“Yu’ve all gt a path and things t wrk ut, and it’s just accepting what happened rather than ptentially judging it. (每个人都有自己的人生道路和需要解决的事情，关键是接受已经发生的事，而不是去评判它)”可知，此空需强调“接纳”的重要性。C选项“This means the first step is acceptance. (这意味着第一步是接纳)”中的“acceptance”与空后“accepting what happened”相呼应，符合语境。故选C项。（同词复现）
3．分析语篇可知，此处应为本段的小标题，与其他段落相同，应为祈使句。根据空后的“Yur cmfrt zne is just the rutine parts f yur daily life that are familiar t yu. Yur cmfrt zne brings feelings f safety and security, but it als keeps yu frm grwing and changing. Over time, yur cmfrt zne can feel mre like it’s restricting yu and hlding yu back. That’s why it’s imprtant t shake things up every nw and again. (你的舒适区不过是日常生活中那些你熟悉的常规部分。舒适区能带来安全感，但也会阻碍你的成长与改变。久而久之，你会越发觉得舒适区在束缚你、拖慢你的脚步。这就是为什么偶尔打破常规很重要)”可知，本段核心是建议“走出舒适区”。A选项“Step ut f yur cmfrt zne. (走出你的舒适区)”为祈使句，且准确概括本段主题，适合作本段小标题。故选A项。（句式一致）
4．根据空前的“When yu always act hnestly and sincerely in service t yur cre values, yu’re cnsistent and peple knw they can rely n yu. (当你始终诚实地、真诚地践行自己的核心价值观时，你会保持一致性，人们也会知道他们可以信任你)”可知，此空需说明“诚实待人待己”的积极影响。G选项“This enables yu t better build the relatinship t live life t the fullest. (这能让你更好地建立人际关系，从而充分享受生活)”中的“This”指代前文“act hnestly and sincerely”，且与“live life t the fullest”呼应文章主题，符合语境。故选G项。（指代一致）
5．根据空前的“It’s true that many aspects f yur verall health are ut f yur cntrl. (诚然，整体健康的很多方面是你无法控制的)”以及空后的“Keeping yur bdy healthy ensures that yu have the energy yu need t live yur life t the fullest. (保持身体健康能确保你有足够的精力充分享受生活)”可知，此空需转折说明“虽有无法控制的健康因素，但仍有可主动行动的部分”。E选项“But yu can still eat right and get a little exercise every day. (但你仍然可以合理饮食，每天进行少量运动)”中的“but”形成转折，且“eat right and get a little exercise”与空后“Keeping yur bdy healthy”相呼应，符合语境。故选E项。（转折关系）
2.（2026·四川省大数据联盟高三上学期开学考试）
In this mdern wrld, peple readily get swept up in chas and try t regain a sense f cntrl thrugh sweeping persnal changes. 1 That’s where the magic f micr wins cmes in. Here are 4 micr wins designed t be immediately satisfying and md-bsting.
Knck ut a disgusting task.
2 It culd be a phne call yu’ve been aviding, a chre that’s been put ff, r a task that’s just plain annying. Blck ff 15 minutes, dive in, and d it. Taking care f that ne thing yu’ve been aviding creates a pwerful sense f mastery.
Tidy up yur hme screens.
The mess n ur devices can weigh us dwn just as much as the paper piles n ur desks. Take a few minutes t clean up yur hme screen n yur phne, tablet, and cmputer. Start by remving apps yu dn’t use, rganizing yur files int flders, and updating yur wallpaper t smething yu lve t lk at. 3
Clean ut yur daily-use bag.
Has yur daily-use bag becme a catch-all fr wrinkled receipts, gum wrappers, and randm husehld items? We’ve all been there. 4 Thugh we are wired t believe mre is better, the ppsite is actually true. The pwer f subtractin (减法) will make yu feel lighter and mre purpseful. 5
Set aside ne hur — perhaps every day r every week fr hme r life tasks — paying bills, rganizing a drawer, r getting thrugh e-mails. Use this hur t cmplete as much as yu can, ne task at a time. This can becme a weekly resetting ritual, giving yu a bst f mtivatin and prductivity that lasts.
A．Devte a “pwer hur” t yurself.
B．Every t-d list has at least ne fearsme item.
C．But usually, these effrts end up being useless.
D．Spare time t handle thse annying habits quickly.
E．These small devices bring a satisfying bst in minutes.
F．Take five minutes t srt it ut and return nly what yu need.
G．Yu’ll pen that device less reluctantly with a delight drawing yu in.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．G 4．F 5．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出人们常试图通过彻底改变来掌控生活却多无成效，进而介绍了四个“微小胜利”的方法，帮助人们即时获得满足感、改善心情。
1．根据空前的“In this mdern wrld, peple readily get swept up in chas and try t regain a sense f cntrl thrugh sweeping persnal changes. (在这个现代世界，人们很容易陷入混乱，并试图通过彻底的个人改变来重新获得掌控感。)”以及空后的“That’s where the magic f micr wins cmes in. (这就是“微小胜利”的魔力所在。)”可知，此处应说明彻底改变的努力通常无效，从而引出“微小胜利”。C选项“But usually, these effrts end up being useless. (但通常情况下，这些努力最终都是无用的。)”中的“these effrts”指代前文“thrugh sweeping persnal changes”，“but”形成转折，符合语境。故选C项。
2．根据本段小标题“Knck ut a disgusting task. (完成一项令人讨厌的任务。)”以及空后的“It culd be a phne call yu’ve been aviding, a chre that’s been put ff, r a task that’s just plain annying. (它可能是一个你一直回避的电话，一项被推迟的家务，或者一项就是很讨厌的任务。)”可知，此处应说明待办清单中总有令人畏惧的任务。B选项“Every t-d list has at least ne fearsme item. (每个待办清单都至少有一个令人畏惧的项目。)”中的“fearsme item”与空后“disgusting task”相呼应，符合语境。故选B项。
3．根据空前的“Take a few minutes t clean up yur hme screen n yur phne, tablet, and cmputer. Start by remving apps yu dn’t use, rganizing yur files int flders, and updating yur wallpaper t smething yu lve t lk at. (花几分钟清理你的手机、平板电脑和电脑的主屏幕。从删除不常用的应用程序、将文件整理到文件夹中，以及将壁纸更新为你喜欢的样式开始。)”可知，此处应说明清理主屏幕后的积极效果。G选项“Yu’ll pen that device less reluctantly with a delight drawing yu in. (有了吸引你的愉悦感，你打开设备时就不会那么不情愿了。)”中的“that device”指代前文“phne, tablet, and cmputer”，描述了清理后的使用体验，符合语境。故选G项。
4．根据本段小标题“Clean ut yur daily-use bag. (清理你的日常用包。)”以及空前的“Has yur daily-use bag becme a catch-all fr wrinkled receipts, gum wrappers, and randm husehld items? We’ve all been there. (你的日常用包是不是变成了皱巴巴的收据、口香糖包装纸和各种杂物的“收容所”？我们都有过这样的经历。)”可知，此处应说明清理包的具体做法。F选项“Take five minutes t srt it ut and return nly what yu need. (花五分钟整理一下，只留下你需要的东西。)”中的“srt it ut”呼应“Clean ut”，符合语境。故选F项。
5．分析语篇可知，此处应为本段的小标题，与其他段落相同，应为祈使句，根据空后的“Set aside ne hur — perhaps every day r every week fr hme r life tasks — paying bills, rganizing a drawer, r getting thrugh e-mails. Use this hur t cmplete as much as yu can, ne task at a time. (留出一个小时——也许是每天或每周——用来处理家庭或生活事务，比如付账单、整理抽屉或处理电子邮件。利用这一小时尽可能多地完成任务，一次完成一项。)”可知，本段讲述的内容与为自己留出“高效一小时”相关。A选项“Devte a “pwer hur” t yurself. (为自己留出一个“高效一小时”。)”为祈使句，且“pwer hur”与空后“ne hur”相呼应，能概括本段主题，适合作本段小标题。故选A项。
考点二 阅读7选5中的宏观技巧
考点一 考查标题句
\l "_Tc25045" 知识点 标题句的特征及解题技巧
1.应当首先观察其他段落标题的句式结构，根据已有小标题的句式特征，则可迅速缩小选择范围。标题应当短小精悍，多为名词词组、动名词或祈使句。
2.根据小标题下面的内容，进一步确定小标题选项的准确性。小标题一定要它后面的内容保持一致。
1.解题技巧：
段落标题句：1.观察其他段落标题的表达形式；2.段落标题句的特点：短小且语言精炼，以祈使句或短句为主；3.阅读段落内容，提炼中心句，留意体现主旨的原词、同源词、同义词、近义词或反义词。
2.思维方法：
(2025年1月•浙江卷)
One f the mst cmmn mistakes in cmmunicatin is trying t d t much. 36 There’s n value in delivering any kind f cmmunicatin, whether written, spken, frmal, r infrmal, if the message desn’t cme acrss clearly. Being clear and brief — while maintaining interest and including everything yur listeners need t knw — is a high-level cmmunicatin skill.
Here are sme tips wrth fllwing in rder t cmmunicate mre effectively.
Keep yur audience in mind.
Yur audience will naturally be mre interested and engaged when yu tailr yur cmmunicatins t their interests. 37 This will engage their desire t understand and interact with the infrmatin.
Dn’t use ten wrds when ne will d.
Even the mst engaged and cmmitted audience will eventually get bred. Keeping yur message simple and clear will make it easier fr peple t understand. 38 Hwever, they’re hearing it fr the first time. Keep it simple.
39
If yu’ve ever wrked as an instructr, manager, trainer r cach, yu’ll knw that there are few better ways t learn new infrmatin than t teach it. Ask the audience t cntribute their ideas r t take a rle in explaining new cncepts and plicies t thers. Allw them t lead discussins and meetings t develp their cmmunicatin skills.
Cnsider the best methd t deliver yur message.
If the infrmatin yu’re cmmunicating isn’t urgent, cnsider sending an email. Written cmmunicatin will give yur audience mre time t review it, think it ver, and fllw up with questins. 40
Building effective cmmunicatin skills takes time, but the effects are wrth the effrt.
A．Be patient.
B．Get the audience invlved.
C．The best messages are ften simple.
D．Speak directly t what matters t them.
E．Yu may be surprised by what yur listeners ffer.
F．It will als give them a handy recrd t refer back t.
G．As the speaker, yu already knw what yu’re ging t say.
【思维过程】
●39空为小标题句，观察其他小标题句的特征，它们都是祈使句。
●选项定位7个选项中有3个是祈使句ABD→看小标题下面的内容→①cntribute their ideas r t take a rle in explaining new cncepts and plicies t thers（贡献自己的想法，或在向他人解释新概念和政策方面发挥作用）②Allw them t lead discussins and meetings t develp their cmmunicatin skills让他们主持讨论和会议，以发展他们的沟通技巧→B．Get the audience invlved.
●故选B
39.【答案】B
【解析】本题考查小标题，根据后文“Ask the audience t cntribute their ideas r t take a rle in explaining new cncepts and plicies t thers. Allw them t lead discussins and meetings t develp their cmmunicatin skills.(要求听众贡献自己的想法，或参与向他人解释新的概念和政策。让他们能够领导讨论和会议，以发展他们的沟通技巧)”表示让听众参与到互动演讲之中，B选项“让观众参与进来”概括本段内容。故选B。
（2026·贵州省贵阳市校联考高三上学期8月检测）
Fur Tips t Cancel Plans Effectively
Yu’re waiting fr yur friends t arrive fr dinner at night. They’re 10 minutes late. What n earth culd have happened t them? 1 , and yu’re nt the nly ne wh feels that way. Belw are sme tips n hw t cancel plans withut risking yur relatinships.
2
Once there is a cnflict in yur schedule, ntify the affected peple immediately. When pssible, give thers at least a day’s ntice. One study fund that even amng friends, being infrmed just minutes befre the event is the mst annying way t hear abut a cancellatin.
Priritize talking ver texting
Thugh texting is useful and cmmn in sciety tday, when yu have t cancel smene’s date, nthing is better than making an ld-fashined phne call. Taking the time t call shws respect. 3 . It als helps yu knw they gt the message, enabling yu t cmmunicate clearly and avid misunderstandings.
Offer t reschedule
Offering t reschedule shws thers they are imprtant t yu and yu wuld still like t spend time with them. Fr example, yu can say, “I was really lking frward t the game this weekend. The team is playing here again in three weeks. Wuld yu like t g tgether then?” 4 .
Be hnest
Hnesty is crucial t maintaining strng relatinships. Research shws that ver 80% said they wuld be upset t find ut the reasn prvided was a lie. 5 . Yu just ffer an hnest explanatin abut why yu wn’t be able t keep yur appintment.
A．Offer an alternative
B．It allws them t hear yur tne
C．Prvide as early ntice as pssible
D．Yu dn’t need t cme up with the perfect excuse
E．When explaining the situatin, it’s essential t realize this pint
F．Suggesting a new date means yu value the persn’s relatinship
G．Being std up r having plans canceled fr any reasn isn’t cmfrtable
【答案】1．G 2．C 3．B 4．F 5．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了有效取消计划的四个技巧，包括尽早通知、优先打电话而非发短信、提议重新安排时间以及保持诚实，以避免损害人际关系。
1．根据上文“Yu’re waiting fr yur friends t arrive fr dinner at night. They’re 10 minutes late. What n earth culd have happened t them? (你晚上在等朋友来吃晚餐，他们迟到了 10 分钟，他们到底怎么了？)” 以及下文 “and yu’re nt the nly ne wh feels that way. (而且你不是唯一一个有这种感觉的人)” 可知，此处应描述等人时对方迟到或计划被取消时人们的感受，G选项 “被放鸽子或者因为任何原因计划被取消都让人不舒服” 符合语境。故选G。
2．根据下文“Once there is a cnflict in yur schedule, ntify the affected peple immediately. When pssible, give thers at least a day’s ntice. (一旦你的日程安排有冲突，立即通知受影响的人。如果可能的话，至少提前一天通知其他人。)” 可知，此段强调尽早通知，C选项“尽可能早地提供通知”能概括此段，为本段的小标题。故选C。
3．根据上文“Taking the time t call shws respect. (花时间打电话表示尊重。)”以及“It als helps yu knw they gt the message, enabling yu t cmmunicate clearly and avid misunderstandings. (这也有助于你确认他们收到了消息，使你能够清晰地沟通并避免误解。)” 可知，此处应阐述打电话的好处，B选项“它能让他们听到你的语气” 符合语境，故选B。
4．根据上文“Offering t reschedule shws thers they are imprtant t yu and yu wuld still like t spend time with them. (提议重新安排时间向他人表明他们对你很重要，并且你仍然愿意和他们共度时光。)” 可知，此处应进一步说明提议重新安排时间的意义，F选项“提议一个新日期意味着你重视与这个人的关系” 符合语境，进一步强调提议新日期体现对关系的重视，故选F。
5．根据上文“Hnesty is crucial t maintaining strng relatinships. Research shws that ver 80% said they wuld be upset t find ut the reasn prvided was a lie. (诚实对于维持稳固的关系至关重要。研究表明，超过 80% 的人表示，如果发现给出的理由是谎言，他们会感到沮丧。)” 以及下文 “Yu just ffer an hnest explanatin abut why yu wn’t be able t keep yur appintment. (你只需诚实地解释为什么你不能赴约。)” 可知，此处应强调不需要找完美借口，要诚实，D选项 “你不需要想出完美的借口” 符合语境，与前后文强调的诚实相呼应，故选D。
考点二 考查段首句
首先应当采取形似原则，观察与其他段落首句是否出现相同结构，一般考查祈使句的相同结构居多。其次应当研读上一段的内容，尤其是上一段结尾的内容，结合本段内容，看选项是否符合逻辑上的紧密衔接。
段首题具有鲜明的语言特征，要么是段落标题句(主旨句)，要么就是段落主题句。
1.段落小标题：概括段落大意，特征突出，短小且语言精炼
2.段落主题句：段落主旨概括性，与其它段落承上启下
设空在段首——思考是“段落主题句”还是“承上启下句”
1.把握形似，确定段落标题句
2.根据一致，确定段落主题句
3.瞻前顾后，确定段落过渡句
(2024·新课标I卷第38题)
Nt all great writers are great spellers. If yu want t be published, it’s vital t submit a perfect, prfessinally presented manuscript (原稿). 36That means gd grammar and n spelling mistakes. N editr is likely t tlerate a writer wh des nt take the truble t spell wrds crrectly.
I keep tw reference bks clse-by n my desk: dictinary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I dn’t trust my laptp’s spellchecker. 37It takes n accunt f the cntext. …
38 It shuld give yu a precise definitin f each wrd, thus differentiating it frm ther wrds whse meanings are similar, but nt identical. It will als usually shw hw the wrd is prnunced.
In additin, I have an ld tw-vlume cpy f the Shrter Oxfrd Dictinary, picked up a few years ag in a bkshp sale fr just 99 pence. …
…
A. I dn’t ften use this dictinary.
B. It takes n accunt f the cntext.
C. But I still dn’t want t replace them.
D. But a dictinary can be a pleasure t read.
E. Of curse, a dictinary is nt nly fr spelling.
F. That means gd grammar and n spelling mistakes.
G. Dictinaries dn’t always give yu enugh infrmatin.
【思维过程】
●38空为段首句。
●看段首句38空下面的内容→ It shuld give yu a precise definitin f each wrd, thus differentiating it frm ther wrds whse meanings are similar, but nt identical. It will als usually shw hw the wrd is prnunced.→ a precise definitin、differentiating it frm ther wrds、als usually shw hw the wrd is prnunced→E. Of curse, a dictinary is nt nly fr spelling.→词典不仅仅是帮助拼写、还给出定义、给出区别、展示发音→E引出下文和后文是并列关系
●故选E
（2026·浙江省七彩阳光联盟高三联考）
Are yu feeling verwhelmed with t many tasks and nt enugh time? 1 After extensive research and trial f varius techniques, I’ve pulled tgether a series f strategies that will help yu take cntrl f yur days.
Knw hw yu spend yur time. Keeping track f yur time is crucial fr effective management. 2 Surprisingly, even minr activities can becme significant time cnsumers when added up. Cnducting a simple time audit (审计) helps yu find these hidden black hles in yur schedule, which might be taking precius mments away frm mre critical tasks. Yu need t write dwn what yu’re ding at regular intervals (间隙) in the day fr abut a week r tw.
3 Determining what tasks are mst imprtant and need t be dne first ensures that yur time and energy are fcused n the right things. 4 Once yu have a clear visin f what yu’re aiming fr, it becmes easier t determine which tasks fit with thse gals. It’s als imprtant t cnsider deadlines and the impact each task will have n yur verall prductivity t make sure that yu’re spending yur precius time n tasks that truly matter and will bring yu clser t reaching yur bjectives.
Use a planning tl. 5 By using a task manager r planner, yu can easily track yur gals, set deadlines, and break dwn tasks int smaller steps. This allws yu t create a clear radmap fr what needs t be accmplished and helps prevent verwhelm. As a result, yu can cnfidently manage yur time and achieve greater prductivity in bth yur persnal and prfessinal life.
Give it a sht and prepare yurself fr an exciting jurney tward better prductivity and less stress!
A．Set pririties.
B．I’ve been there.
C．Schedule apprpriately.
D．Start by identifying yur gals and bjectives.
E．It helps yu stay rganized and priritize tasks.
F．This will help yu stay fcused n what truly matters.
G．Many f us are unaware f hw we typically spend ur hurs and minutes daily.
【答案】1．B 2．G 3．A 4．D 5．E
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些帮助人们更好地管理时间、提高效率的方法，包括了解自己的时间花费、确定任务优先级、使用规划工具等。
1．上文“Are yu feeling verwhelmed with t many tasks and nt enugh time?(你是否感到任务太多而时间不够用?)”提出一个问题，询问读者是否有类似的困扰，B选项“I’ve been there.(我也有过这样的经历)”回应上文问题，表示自己也有过同样的感受，引出下文的应对策略建议。故选B项。
2．上文“Knw hw yu spend yur time. Keeping track f yur time is crucial fr effective management.(了解你如何花费时间。记录你的时间对于有效管理至关重要)”强调了了解自己时间花费的重要性，G选项“Many f us are unaware f hw we typically spend ur hurs and minutes daily.(我们中的许多人都不知道我们通常每天是如何花费时间的)”则指出了人们普遍存在的问题，即不知道自己的时间都花在了哪里，与上文形成呼应。故选G项。
3．根据下文“Determining what tasks are mst imprtant and need t be dne first ensures that yur time and energy are fcused n the right things.(确定哪些任务是最重要的，需要首先完成，这可以确保你的时间和精力集中在正确的事情上)”可知，该段主要讲的是要确定任务的优先级，A选项“Set pririties.(确定优先级)”符合该段主旨，是段首主题句。故选A项。
4．下文“Once yu have a clear visin f what yu’re aiming fr, it becmes easier t determine which tasks fit with thse gals.(一旦你对你的目标有了清晰的认识，就更容易确定哪些任务符合这些目标)”提到了目标，D选项“Start by identifying yur gals and bjectives.(首先确定你的目标和目的)”中的“gals and bjectives”与下文呼应，符合语境。故选D项。
5．上文“Use a planning tl.(使用规划工具)”建议使用规划工具，E选项“It helps yu stay rganized and priritize tasks.(它帮助你保持有条理，并确定任务的优先级)”则说明了使用规划工具的好处，即帮助人们保持有条理并确定任务优先级，句中“it”指代上文的“a planning tl”。故选E项。
考点三 考查段中句
设空处在段中，是文中起到承上启下作用的句子。
具体解题步骤如下：
第一步：寻找下句中是否出现人称代词或指示代词，该词与选项存在指代关系。
第二步：瞻前顾后，关注段落小标题。同时重点关注上下句之间的逻辑关系是否存在如例证、解释、递增、转折等关系，寻找表示逻辑关系的衔接词或过渡词。同时，寻找与上句之间是否出现相同或相似的句式结构。
第二步：将选项代入设空处，看与上句和下句之间是否符合逻辑。
如何应对段中句的考查
段中设空题通常考查过渡句和细节句。段中句若位于主题句后，很可能是说明原因、举例证明、分述细化主题、解释前面句中的某个概念等；位于段落中间可能起衔接作用。要重点阅读空前一句和空后一句，找出它们之间的逻辑关系，或者根据意义的连贯性得出答案。解题时要特别注意体现时间、原因、方式、转折等逻辑关系的语篇标志词(关联词)。
段中设空题：
①细节句：设空位于段中，首先阅读选项并画出关键词；然后重点阅读设空处的前一句和后一句，画出关键词，找出它们之间的逻辑关系或根据意义的连贯性得出答案；阅读各个选项，标记关键词；比较匹配关键词，确定答案；利用词汇复现找到答案；利用表并列、转折、递进和因果的关系的关联词找到答案。
②过渡句：阅读空处前后内容，挖掘内在的逻辑关系；阅读各个选项，标记表示转折、并列、递进或因果关系的关联词；注意词汇复现：同源词、同义词、近义词或反义词复现，不同时态形式的动词等。
段中设空考查逻辑关系
段中设空主要考查上下文的逻辑关系。有时会出现下列衔接词汇或短语结构: first, secnd, then, next, later, sn, s, but, hwever, additinally, what’s mre, that is, namely, in ther wrds, fr ne thing. . . fr anther等, 这些词汇和短语结构在文章中起到提示逻辑关系的作用,是解题时需要重点关注的部分。考生应对常用的逻辑关系了然于心，并在阅读时能有效地找出关键信息。常考逻辑关系如下，
①总分关系：指选项是中心句；
②并列关系：指选项与前句或后句在结构或内容上一致；
③递进关系：指后句对前句进行补充说明或语义上的延伸；
④转折关系；指选项与前句或后句语义相反或相对，后句往往是对前句的修正，表达作者的真正意图；
⑤例证关系：指后句是前句的具体实例。
⑥概括阐释：指前句对后句或后句对前句进行归纳概括，若前句归纳，后句即是对前句的具体阐释，使得概念更加清晰易懂；若后句概括，即后句是对前句所阐释的内容进行意义整合；
⑦因果关系：指选项与前后句构成因果关系。
（2025•浙江新高考卷·阅读填空节选）
Dn’t use ten wrds when ne will d.
Even the mst engaged and cmmitted audience will eventually get bred. Keeping yur message simple and clear will make it easier fr peple t understand. 38 Hwever, they’re hearing it fr the first time. Keep it simple.
A．Be patient.
B．Get the audience invlved.
C．The best messages are ften simple.
D．Speak directly t what matters t them.
E．Yu may be surprised by what yur listeners ffer.
F．It will als give them a handy recrd t refer back t.
G．As the speaker, yu already knw what yu’re ging t say.
【思维过程】
●38空为段中句。
●看段中句38空下文的内容→ Hwever, they’re hearing it fr the first time.(然而，他们是第一次听到这些)→上句和这个句子内容构成转折关系→G．As the speaker, yu already knw what yu’re ging t say.→fr the first time与already→表现出了转折关系
●故选G
1.（2026·广东省（石门中学、南海中学、珠海一中等）部分学校高三上学期开学综合能力测试）
Nt lng after new cllege students have chsen the right cllege, they are asked t declare an academic majr. Faced with such an imprtant decisin, what shuld a cllege student d? 1 Hwever, rest assured that yu can use the fllwing strategies t select the right majr and sustain yur mtivatin when the ging gets tugh.
Creating a career plan is ne f the ways that students can bst their chances f success in their chsen majrs. When making the plan, yu shuld reflect n yur beliefs abut wrk, yur interest in varius academic subjects and yur abilities. 2 Then, identify a specific career and utline the steps that yu will have t take that will help prepare yu fr that career.
It is als imprtant t d yur research abut the jb that yu are interested in pursuing, as well as any related jbs. Sme cllege students drp ut f their selected majrs because they have becme bred with the academic area they have chsen. 3 T avid these srts f utcmes, ask yurself which aspects f the jb yu culd see yurself enjying, as well as the parts f the jb that yu think yu might dislike. It will save yu a gd deal f time and energy by initially chsing a majr that is in line with yur interests and abilities.
4 It may cme as a surprise when yu are presented with difficult material during yur first term at cllege. Students wh were at the tp f their class may be particularly shcked when they receive their first lw grade n an exam. Yu shuld nt assume, hwever, that yu have made the wrng chice f academic majr simply because yu perfrmed prly n ne test. 5
With the right mindset and strategies, yu can turn yur majr int a fulfilling path tward yur future career.
A．It's easy t give in t fear, hesitatin, r wrry.
B．Even with thrugh preparatin, yu wuld still face challenges.
C．Actually, fr sme cllege students, this decisin is easy t make.
D．Use yur reflectins t guide yu as yu search fr desirable careers.
E．Hld n t the cnfidence that guided yu t select yur majr in the first place.
F．Or they may find themselves mre attracted t a different academic majr altgether.
G．Therefre, we shuld read relevant bks n ur chsen majr befre starting cllege.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．F 4．B 5．E
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要为大学生如何选择合适的专业并在面对困难时保持动力提供策略，包括制定职业规划、研究感兴趣的工作以及正确面对困难等。
1．根据上文“Faced with such an imprtant decisin, what shuld a cllege student d?(面对如此重要的决定，大学生应该怎么做？)” 以及 “Hwever, rest assured that yu can use the fllwing strategies t select the right majr and sustain yur mtivatin when the ging gets tugh.(然而，请放心，你可以使用以下策略来选择合适的专业，并在遇到困难时保持动力)” 可知，面对选专业的重要决定，学生容易有不好的情绪，与后文形成转折。A选项 “人们很容易陷入恐惧、犹豫或担忧之中” 符合语境，故选A。
2．根据上文 “When making the plan, yu shuld reflect n yur beliefs abut wrk, yur interest in varius academic subjects and yur abilities.(制定计划时，你应该反思自己对工作的信念、对各种学术科目的兴趣以及自己的能力)” 可知，此处应说明这些反思的作用，D选项 “在你寻找理想职业时，用你的反思来指导你” 符合语境，故选D。
3．根据上文 “Sme cllege students drp ut f their selected majrs because they have becme bred with the academic area they have chsen.(一些大学生退出他们所选的专业，因为他们对自己选择的学术领域感到厌烦)” 可知，此处应继续阐述学生在专业选择上出现的问题，F选项 “或者他们可能会发现自己完全被另一个不同的专业所吸引” 符合语境，故选F。
4．根据下文“It may cme as a surprise when yu are presented with difficult material during yur first term at cllege.(当你在大学第一学期遇到困难的学习内容时，可能会感到惊讶)” 可知，即使做好准备也会面临挑战，B选项 “即使有充分的准备，你仍然会面临挑战” 符合语境，引出后文关于大学学习中面临困难的内容，故选B。
5．根据上文“Yu shuld nt assume, hwever, that yu have made the wrng chice f academic majr simply because yu perfrmed prly n ne test.(然而，你不应该仅仅因为一次考试成绩不好就认为自己选错了专业)” 可知，此处应说明面对这种情况应有的态度，E选项 “坚持最初引导你选择专业的那份自信” 符合语境，要保持自信，故选E。
2.（2026·广东省湛江市湛江市八校联考高三上学期8月月考）
The Unexpected Key t Bsting Our Prductivity
Smetimes we may wnder if we were a machine, we’d never let things fall thrugh the cracks, and we wuldn’t frget things. 1 It gets in the way f ur prductivity because it makes us blind t the rts f ur actual prblems.
S what is underneath ur prductivity prblems? 2 Our prductivity depends n ur feelings, nt new tls. Understanding hw ur feelings affect us can pen up freedm t make prgress and finally imprve ur prductivity. S hw?
3 That means recgnizing and wrking with ur emtins. But usually n matter what the issue is, we easily ignre it and hpe that it ges away rather than t admit smething is wrng. What we frget is that ur emtins have great impacts n ur actins. The mst prductive peple need t have regular practices t maintain that awareness.
Once we are aware f the prblem, the next step is bserving. Thugh difficult, bserving withut judgment cunts mst. Fr example, when ur inbx (收件箱) is messy, we just see it with little judgment. 4 Avid feeling anxius, as it prevents us frm addressing the rt issue.
Finally, try t address ur emtins. It is the mst effective way t help us be prductive daily. A ne-tuch email strategy r checking the email twice a day may d a bit, but nne f these really slve the prblem cmpletely. Actually we are able t use ur wn desire that we can’t let peple dwn t help us get thrugh ur inbx. 5
A．ignre ur emtins.
B．Awareness is the first step.
C．Identify what causes the mess.
D．We are nt machines but emtinal beings.
E．But the idea f being a machine is actually a trap.
F．One day, we’ll find that we’ve finished handling all in it.
G．Smetimes, wrking like a machine is effective and useful.
【答案】1．E 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．F
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章指出“把自己当机器能提升效率”是误区，效率问题根源在于忽视情绪，提出通过“察觉情绪、客观观察、处理情绪”三步，借助情绪助力日常效率提升。
1．根据上文“Smetimes we may wnder if we were a machine, we’d never let things fall thrugh the cracks, and we wuldn’t frget things.(有时我们会想，如果我们是机器的话，就不会让任何事情遗漏掉，也不会忘记任何事情)”以及后文“It gets in the way f ur prductivity because it makes us blind t the rts f ur actual prblems.(这会妨碍我们的工作效率，因为它使我们无法看清实际问题的根源)”可知，前文提出“若我们是机器，就不会遗漏、忘记事情”的想法，后文转折指出“这会阻碍效率，让我们忽视实际问题根源”。本句承接前文“机器”的假设，同时引出后文的负面效果，故E选项“但把自己当成机器的想法实际上是一个陷阱”符合语境，故选E。
2．根据上文“S what is underneath ur prductivity prblems?(那么，造成我们生产力低下的根本原因是什么呢？)”以及后文“Our prductivity depends n ur feelings, nt new tls. Understanding hw ur feelings affect us can pen up freedm t make prgress and finally imprve ur prductivity. S hw?(我们的工作效率取决于我们的感受，而非新的工具。了解我们的感受如何影响我们，能够让我们获得自由，从而推动进步并最终提高我们的工作效率。那么，这是怎么回事呢？)”可知，问题询问生产力问题的根源，后文强调情感而非工具的作用。故D选项“我们并非机器，而是充满情感的生命体”点明核心原因，符合语境，故选D。
3．根据后文“That means recgnizing and wrking with ur emtins. But usually n matter what the issue is, we easily ignre it and hpe that it ges away rather than t admit smething is wrng. What we frget is that ur emtins have great impacts n ur actins. The mst prductive peple need t have regular practices t maintain that awareness.(这意味着要正视并处理我们的情绪。但通常情况下，无论问题是什么，我们都会轻易地忽视它，希望它自行消失，而不是承认存在问题。我们所忽略的是，我们的情绪会对我们的行为产生重大影响。最高效的人需要有规律地进行练习来保持这种意识)”可知，后文提到“这意味着识别并处理情绪”“高效的人需要定期练习以保持这种意识”，“this”指代前文的“第一步”。本句作为段落主旨，引出“识别情绪” 的具体做法，符合“如何通过情绪提升效率”的行文逻辑。故B选项“意识是第一步”符合语境，故选B。
4．根据上文“Once we are aware f the prblem, the next step is bserving. Thugh difficult, bserving withut judgment cunts mst. Fr example, when ur inbx (收件箱) is messy, we just see it with little judgment.(一旦我们意识到问题所在，接下来的步骤就是观察。尽管这很困难，但不带评判地进行观察最为重要。例如，当我们的收件箱杂乱无章时，我们只是几乎不加评判地观察它)”以及后文“Avid feeling anxius, as it prevents us frm addressing the rt issue.(避免产生焦虑情绪，因为这种情绪会妨碍我们解决根本问题)”可知，前文举例“收件箱混乱时，不带评判地观察”，后文强调“避免焦虑，以免忽视根源”。本句承接“观察混乱”的动作，指向“解决根源”的下一步，与“不焦虑、抓根源”的建议呼应，故C选项“找出造成混乱的原因”符合语境，故选C。
5．根据上文“Finally, try t address ur emtins. It is the mst effective way t help us be prductive daily. A ne-tuch email strategy r checking the email twice a day may d a bit, but nne f these really slve the prblem cmpletely. Actually we are able t use ur wn desire that we can’t let peple dwn t help us get thrugh ur inbx.(最后，试着去处理我们的情绪。这是帮助我们每天保持高效工作的最有效方法。一键式邮件策略或每天查看两次邮件可能会有一点效果，但这些都不能完全解决问题。实际上，我们可以通过自己不想让他人失望的这种内在动力来帮助自己处理好收件箱里的邮件)”可知，前文提到“利用‘不想让别人失望’的意愿来处理收件箱”，本句是对这一方法效果的正面预期，承接前文 “解决情绪问题以提升效率” 的核心，故F选项“有一天，我们会发现我们已经处理完了其中的一切”符合语境，故选F。
考点四 考查段尾句
段尾句通常具有，应当注意选项中是否出现表示结果、结论、总结等的信息词。有时，段尾句和段首句呈现出首尾呼应的现象，也是检查选项的一个重要参考。

如何应对段尾句考查
1．细节句：①与上文是转折或对比关系；②与上文是并列或递进关系。
2．总结句：用于总结本段内容，常含有总结性的词语，如therefre、 as a result、 thus、 t sum up、 t cnclude、 in a wrd等。
3．段落过渡句：此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。
段尾设空的题多为总结本段内容，偶有起承上启下的作用。即要么是结论句，要么就是承上启下句。
题型和考查角度：
①结论句：用于总结本段内容，常含有总结性的词语。
②承上启下句：此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。
③细节句：空前一句或两句是重点语句，应该重点阅读；锁定空前重点语句中的高频词汇和体现逻辑关系的关联词；寻找选项中是否有表逻辑关系的关联词；寻找选项中是否有与上文相同或相似的句式结构。
④过渡句：瞻前顾后找线索；阅读上一段的结尾，结合下一段的开头，留意衔接词和关键词；注意所选答案是否衔接上下段内容；阅读空前段落内容，抓住主旨，总结空前的内容，并利用词汇复现等技巧选出正确答案。
(2024新课标II卷第37题)
●Chse mindfully. Overvisited destinatins are that way fr a reasn: they’re special. With s many nline psts featuring the same places, it’s easy t feel like yu’re missing ut. G smewhere nly when the landscape, culture r fd deeply draws yu. 37
A. Visit during ff-peak times.
B. S, shuld we stp traveling?
C. Travel fr yu and n ne else.
D. Can verturism be avided then?
E. Yu can still find relatively undiscvered places.
F. Yu’ll find yurself virtually alne, r clse t it.
G. Cnsider giving back t the cmmunities yu’re visiting.
【思维过程】
●37空为段尾句。
●看段尾句37空上文的内容→Overvisited destinatins are that way fr a reasn: they’re special. With s many nline psts featuring the same places, it’s easy t feel like yu’re missing ut. G smewhere nly when the landscape, culture r fd deeply draws yu.→①Overvisited destinatins are that way fr a reasn②nly when the landscape, culture r fd deeply draws yu→不要跟风旅游→C. Travel fr yu and n ne else.
●故选C
（2026·北京市丰台区高三上学期开学）
Emtins interfere with ur decisin-making, r at least that is the thinking: emtinal peple seem t d irratinal things. A persn full f anger might cmmit a crime f passin. A man in lve may d things that cmprmise his well-being. Surely, this is evidence against emtin’s ratinality (理性). 1 Emtins are nt nly cmpatible (相容的) with ratinality, they can als help us make better chices.
Baba Shiv, prfessr f marketing at Stanfrd University, writes that “if emtins were irrelevant, we wuld have evlved very differently”. Since we have emtins, we must wnder why and hw they help us, instead f trying t eliminate them. 2
The truth is that emtins and reasn are nt in cnflict. Emtins are ratinal. They invlve judgements. Fr example, being angry invlves judging that a wrngding has ccurred. That is a ratinal activity. Emtins als cntribute t ur understanding. 3 But emtins als give us a reasn t act. Fear, fr example, gives us a reasn t escape a situatin. Anticipatin f regret prvides a reasn t avid excessive risk-taking.
Emtins can als help with decisin-making. Accrding t Shiv, the emtinal brain makes lightning-fast assessments based n past experiences, perceptins f the situatin, and ther factrs that supprt ur instincts. This enables efficient chices.
4 Can we d anything t prevent ur emtins frm negatively impacting ur decisin-making: Se believes s, suggesting ways t reduce the unwanted effects f emtins n ur decisin-making. Fr example, if sadness makes us make pr decisins with ur mney by being reckless (鲁莽的) abut spending, we might replace it with gratitude. This feeling might help us make a better, mre mderate decisin.
Humans have reasn and emtins. 5 It als prevents us frm using ur emtins t help us make better decisins. Frtunately, we can chse differently.
A．Nevertheless, any situatin can still g wrng.
B．But this line f thinking culdn’t be mre wrng.
C．Discunting ne fr the sake f the ther denies ur humanity.
D．One answer is that emtins aid in ratinality and decisin-making.
E．Fr example, emtins can change decisins by generating reactins in thers.
F．They mtivate us t inquire abut ur wn beliefs and help us t perceive the wrld differently.
G．It’s why we shuld warn peple abut emtins, tell them t calm dwn befre making decisins.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．F 4．A 5．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章先反驳“情绪干扰决策、缺乏理性”的观点，指出情绪与理性相容且助决策，还引学者观点说明其作用，提及应对情绪负面影响的方法，强调不应否定情绪或理性。
1．根据上文“Emtins interfere with ur decisin-making, r at least that is the thinking: emtinal peple seem t d irratinal things. A persn full f anger might cmmit a crime f passin. A man in lve may d things that cmprmise his well-being. Surely, this is evidence against emtin’s ratinality (理性). (情绪会干扰我们的决策过程，至少这是人们的一种看法：情绪化的人往往会做出一些不理智的行为。一个满心愤怒的人可能会因一时冲动而犯罪。一个陷入爱河的人可能会做出损害自身利益的事情。显然，这证明了情绪并非完全具有理性)”以及下文“Emtins are nt nly cmpatible (相容的) with ratinality, they can als help us make better chices. (情绪不仅与理性相兼容，而且还能帮助我们做出更明智的选择)”可知，上文提出“情绪干扰决策、缺乏理性”的传统观点，下文转折指出“情绪与理性相容，还能帮我们做更好选择”。本句与上文构成转折，指出这一思维方式的错误。故B选项“但这种思维方式完全错误”承上启下，符合语境，故选B。
2．根据上文“Baba Shiv, prfessr f marketing at Stanfrd University, writes that “if emtins were irrelevant, we wuld have evlved very differently”. Since we have emtins, we must wnder why and hw they help us, instead f trying t eliminate them. (斯坦福大学市场营销学教授巴巴·希夫写道：“如果情感无关紧要，那么我们的进化过程将会大不相同。”既然我们拥有情感，我们就应该思考其存在的原因以及它如何帮助我们，而不能一味地试图消除它们)”可知，上文提出“既然人类有情绪，应探究其为何及如何帮助我们”，本句直接回应上文的“为何帮助”，为情绪的作用提供解释。故D选项“一种答案是，情绪有助于理性思考和决策”符合语境，故选D。
3．根据上文“The truth is that emtins and reasn are nt in cnflict. Emtins are ratinal. They invlve judgements. Fr example, being angry invlves judging that a wrngding has ccurred. That is a ratinal activity. Emtins als cntribute t ur understanding. (事实是，情感与理性并非相互冲突。情感是理性的。它们包含着判断。例如，生气就涉及对某种不当行为发生的判断。这是一种理性的行为。情感也有助于我们理解事物)”以及下文“But emtins als give us a reasn t act. Fear, fr example, gives us a reasn t escape a situatin. Anticipatin f regret prvides a reasn t avid excessive risk-taking. (但情绪也促使我们采取行动。例如，恐惧会让我们有理由逃离某种状况。对后悔的预期则会促使我们避免过度冒险)”可知，上文强调“情绪有助于理解”，下文以“但情绪也给我们行动的理由”转折，说明情绪的另一作用。本句承接“有助于理解”，具体阐述情绪对认知理解的作用，故F选项“它们促使我们探究自己的信念，并帮助我们以不同的方式看待世界”直接举例论证情绪对认知的积极作用，与上文形成例证关系，符合语境，故选F。
4．根据下文“Can we d anything t prevent ur emtins frm negatively impacting ur decisin-making: Se believes s, suggesting ways t reduce the unwanted effects f emtins n ur decisin-making. Fr example, if sadness makes us make pr decisins with ur mney by being reckless (鲁莽的) abut spending, we might replace it with gratitude. This feeling might help us make a better, mre mderate decisin. (我们能否采取措施来避免情绪对我们的决策产生负面影响呢？塞奥认为可以，他还提出了减少情绪对决策产生不良影响的方法。例如，如果悲伤让我们在花钱方面做出错误的决定，是因为我们在消费时过于冲动，那么我们或许可以用感恩来取代这种情绪。这种感觉可能会帮助我们做出更明智、更适度的决策)”可知，上文论述“情绪能帮助决策”，下文转而提问“如何防止情绪对决策产生负面影响”，体现从“情绪的积极作用”到 “应对情绪消极影响”的过渡。本句引出情绪可能带来的问题，为下文的应对方法做铺垫，故A选项“不过，任何情况仍有可能出错”承上启下，符合语境，故选A。
5．根据上文“Humans have reasn and emtins. (人类既有理性，也有情感)”以及下文“It als prevents us frm using ur emtins t help us make better decisins. Frtunately, we can chse differently. (这还使得我们无法凭借自身的情感来帮助自己做出更明智的决定。幸运的是，我们能够做出不同的选择)”可知，上文指出“人类既有理性也有情绪”，下文“也阻止我们利用情绪帮我们做更好决策” 中的“也”提示上文应提及一种否定情绪或理性的行为。故C选项“因为为了一个而舍弃另一个，就等于否定了我们的人性”直接呼应上下文，符合语境，故选C。
（最新模拟试题演练）
1.（2026届四川省巴中市普通高中2023级“零诊”考试）
Casting yur mind back t yur childhd, what d yu remember? Sun-drenched days playing n the beach? Hurs with yur friends at the park? 1 They spend far mre time alne, which ften leads t lneliness. Accrding t a study n children’s behaviur change and emtinal well-being, lneliness amng children is n the rise. But there are ways parents can help.
Discver the cause
When children feel that n ne really “gets” them, this can be described as emtinal lneliness. 2 Whether they’re struggling t make friends, feeling excluded, r ging thrugh a big change, validating their emtins and understanding the rt cause can help supprt them in the right way.
Build their cnfidence
Lneliness, especially when feeling left ut, can trigger self-dubt and cause children t questin their self-wrth. 3 Recgnizing what they d well helps rebuild their cnfidence and reinfrces a psitive self-image. As their cnfidence grws, they feel mre included and becme mre willing t engage with thers.
4
Obviusly, helping children find pprtunities t cnnect with peers is a gd way t help them feel less lnely. Cnnecting with thers thrugh jining a club, starting a new hbby r simply spending mre quality time tgether as a family can ften help with lneliness.
Build a supprtive envirnment
Lneliness lwers self-esteem and increases anxiety r sadness. It isn’t smething that disappears vernight and can’t just be reslved with ne cnversatin. Regular check-ins, shwing interest, and reminding them they’re nt alne can make a lasting difference. 5
A．Cmmunicate penly.
B．Encurage scializing.
C．Children shuld learn hw t handle failure.
D．There are many reasns why a child may be lnely.
E．Hwever, tday’s children wn’t have the same memries.
F．After all, gentle parenting builds cnfident and cnnected individuals.
G．It’s vital t remind them f their strengths and celebrate their achievements.
【答案】1．E 2．D 3．G 4．B 5．F
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了如今孩子孤独感增加的现象，并针对此现象给出了家长可以帮助孩子缓解孤独感的一些方法。
1．上文“Casting yur mind back t yur childhd, what d yu remember? Sun-drenched days playing n the beach? Hurs with yur friends at the park? (回想一下你的童年，你还记得什么？在海滩上玩耍的阳光灿烂的日子？和朋友们在公园里度过的时光？)”通过回忆童年美好时光进行提问，E选项“Hwever, tday’s children wn’t have the same memries.(然而，今天的孩子不会有同样的回忆)”与上文形成转折，指出现在的孩子情况不同，引出下文“They spend far mre time alne, which ften leads t lneliness.(他们花更多的时间独处，这常常导致孤独)”对现在孩子情况的描述，上下文衔接自然。故选E项。
2．下文“Whether they’re struggling t make friends, feeling excluded, r ging thrugh a big change, validating their emtins and understanding the rt cause can help supprt them in the right way.(无论他们是在努力交朋友，感到被排斥，还是正在经历巨大的变化，认可他们的情绪并理解根本原因可以帮助他们以正确的方式得到支持)”列举了孩子感到孤独的多种原因，D选项“There are many reasns why a child may be lnely.(孩子感到孤独的原因有很多)”引起下文。故选D项。
3．上文“Lneliness, especially when feeling left ut, can trigger self-dubt and cause children t questin their self-wrth.(孤独，尤其是当感到被冷落时，会引发自我怀疑，让孩子质疑自己的价值)”指出孤独会让孩子质疑自己的价值，G选项“It’s vital t remind them f their strengths and celebrate their achievements.(务必让他们认识到自身优势，并为他们的成就喝彩)”针对上文问题提出解决办法，即让孩子认识到自身优势，并为他们的成就喝彩，上下衔接自然。故选G项。
4．根据本段内容“Obviusly, helping children find pprtunities t cnnect with peers is a gd way t help them feel less lnely. Cnnecting with thers thrugh jining a club, starting a new hbby r simply spending mre quality time tgether as a family can ften help with lneliness.(显然，帮助孩子找到与同龄人联系的机会是帮助他们减轻孤独感的好方法。通过加入俱乐部、开始一个新的爱好，或者仅仅是作为一家人一起度过更多美好的时光来与他人建立联系，通常可以帮助缓解孤独感)”可知，本段主要讲述鼓励孩子社交以便缓解孤独，B选项“Encurage scializing.(鼓励社交)”概括了本段内容，适合作为本段小标题。故选B项。
5．上文“Lneliness lwers self-esteem and increases anxiety r sadness. It isn’t smething that disappears vernight and can’t just be reslved with ne cnversatin. Regular check-ins, shwing interest, and reminding them they’re nt alne can make a lasting difference.(孤独会降低自尊，增加焦虑或悲伤。它不会在一夜之间消失，也不能通过一次谈话就解决。定期询问，表现出兴趣，提醒他们并不孤单，这些都能产生持久的影响)”指出缓解孩子孤独需要持续的努力，F选项“After all, gentle parenting builds cnfident and cnnected individuals.(毕竟，温和的养育方式能培养出自信和善于交际的孩子)”总结上文，说明温和养育方式的作用，与上文内容相呼应。故选F项。
2.（2026·安徽省蚌埠市高三上学期开学考试）
Temperatures are rising, and s are mental health risks
Climate change is increasing heat waves, psing grwing threats t health. Extreme heat is becming a severe challenge acrss the U.S. and glbally, with frecasts suggesting ne f the next five years culd be the httest n recrd. 1 Even survivrs may face lng-term cnsequences.
Hw des extreme heat affect the brain? 2 Dehydratin (脱水) in high temperatures thickens bld, making it hard fr the heart t supply enugh xygen t the brain. The brain, which uses 20% f the bdy’s energy, requires efficient heat release. In ht, damp cnditins, sweating fails t cl the bdy, ptentially causing heat exhaustin r a sudden serius illness, which can lead t nerve-related prblems.
Extreme heat als wrsens mental health: cnditins like depressin and anxiety becme wrse. 3 Furthermre, the medicines used t treat the mental illness and sleeplessness als appear t increase mental health weakness t heat.
4 Thse with existing mental health disrders are weakest. Older adults face accelerated serius mental illness that affects memry. Hmeless individuals and utdr wrkers such as farmers are particularly at risk, as they ften lack access t cling resurces.
Actin is urgent. Mst heat health plans ignre mental health. 5 These can include public awareness campaigns, such as warning peple abut the mental health risk f cnsuming alchl r ther drugs during heat waves. Other interventins include establishing cmmunity cling shelters fr heat emergencies and increasing mnitring f mental health patients during heat waves. Only thrugh cmprehensive strategies can we reduce the mental health impacts f extreme heat.
A．Wh is mst at risk?
B．The human bdy wrks best when at 37℃.
C．Hw t identify thse in danger during heat waves?
D．It disturbs sleep, which further harms ne’s ability t think.
E．S mental health steps must be added t these heat respnse plans.
F．Heat waves cause 1,300 U. S. deaths yearly frm heat-related issues.
G．Research is needed t better understand health utcmes f a warmer wrld.
【答案】1．F 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．E
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了气温上升与心理健康风险增加之间的关联，阐述了极端高温对大脑及心理健康的影响、易受影响的人群以及应对措施。
1．上文“Extreme heat is becming a severe challenge acrss the U.S. and glbally, with frecasts suggesting ne f the next five years culd be the httest n recrd. (极端高温正在成为美国乃至全球面临的严峻挑战，预测显示，未来五年中的某一年可能是有记录以来最热的一年)”提及极端高温带来严峻挑战，下文“Even survivrs may face lng-term cnsequences. (即使幸存者也可能面临长期后果)”提及幸存者也有长期影响，F项“热浪每年导致美国1300人死于与高温相关的问题”，承接上文极端高温的严重性，引出下文幸存者的情况。故选F。
2．上文“Hw des extreme heat affect the brain? (极端高温是如何影响大脑的？)”提出极端高温如何影响大脑的问题，下文“Dehydratin (脱水) in high temperatures thickens bld, making it hard fr the heart t supply enugh xygen t the brain. (高温下脱水会使血液变稠，使心脏难以向大脑提供足够的氧气)”开始解释高温下身体的变化对大脑的影响，B项“人体在 37 度时工作状态最佳”是从人体适宜温度的角度出发，为后文解释高温影响大脑做铺垫。故选B。
3．上文“Extreme heat als wrsens mental health: cnditins like depressin and anxiety becme wrse. (极端高温还会使心理健康变差：抑郁和焦虑等疾病变得更糟)”说明极端高温会恶化心理健康，D项“它扰乱睡眠，进而进一步损害人的思考能力”是对极端高温影响心理健康的进一步阐述。故选D。
4．下文“Thse with existing mental health disrders are weakest. Older adults face accelerated serius mental illness that affects memry. Hmeless individuals and utdr wrkers such as farmers are particularly at risk... (那些已有心理健康障碍的人是最虚弱的。老年人面临越发严重的精神疾病，影响他们的记忆力。无家可归者和农民等户外工作者的风险尤其大……)”说明了存在心理健康问题的人、老年人、无家可归者和户外工作者等是易受影响的人群，A项“谁最容易受到影响？”能引出下文对高危人群的说明，符合语境。故选A。
5．上文“Actin is urgent. Mst heat health plans ignre mental health. (行动迫在眉睫。大多数高温健康计划都忽略了心理健康)”指出多数高温健康计划忽视心理健康，下文 “These can include public awareness campaigns... Other interventins include establishing cmmunity cling shelters... (这些措施可以包括提高公众意识的活动……其他干预措施包括建立社区降温避难所……)”介绍了应对措施，E项“所以必须在这些高温应对计划中加入心理健康措施”承接上文计划的不足，引出下文具体措施。故选E。
3.（2026·山西省太原市某校高三上学期9月半月考）
If sprts are smething that interests yu, it stands t reasn that yu wuld want t be gd at them. Hwever, there are ther things yu need t think abut if yu want t be a gd sprts player.
16 .
It’s a cmmn mistake fr yung athletes t want t jump int the advanced stuff quickly. This isn’t an effective way t spend training time. Yu need a firm basis befre yu mve n t bigger things. If yu’re new t a sprt, take as much time as yu need t get the basic mvements dwn prperly. 17 .
Get enugh sleep.
This ne shuld cme as bvius. This is especially true during times f intense practice r training, where things get s busy that it becmes hard t push everything int a regular day. Hwever, yur bdy needs its full rest. 18 . If yu’re an adult, get 7-9 hurs f sleep each night.
Set ambitius but realistic gals fr yurself.
Setting ambitius gals des nt mean being unrealistic, r saying yu’re ging t g prfessinal within a year. 19 , and figure ut where yu think yu wuld like t be. Give yurself a suitable amunt f time t achieve that gal, and break it dwn int smaller parts if the gal is especially big.
Stay fcused n the game.
Yu wn’t get anywhere if yu’re wrried abut smething else happening in yur life. Life is always cmplex, and there may be things in yur persnal life that are bthering yu. Hwever, at least fr the curse f the game, yu can’t let any f that stuff get t yu. 20 . But if winning the game means a lt t yu, then yu shuld keep yur eyes n the prize.
A．Put basics first
B．Let yurself have fun
C．It may be easier said than dne
D．Instead, yu shuld take a lk at what yu are
E．This is especially true if yu want t be a great cach
F．If yu’re a teen, yu shuld sleep 8-10 hurs each night
G．It will make advanced skills a lt easier t master in the lng run
【答案】16．A 17．G 18．F 19．D 20．C
【解析】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了成为优秀运动员需要注意的一些方面。
16．空处为本段的标题，根据下文“It’s a cmmn mistake fr yung athletes t want t jump int the advanced stuff quickly. This isn’t an effective way t spend training time. Yu need a firm basis befre yu mve n t bigger things.(年轻运动员常常会急于快速学习高级知识，这是一种常见的错误。这种方式并不能有效地利用训练时间。在继续学习更复杂的内容之前，你需要先打下坚实的基础。)”可知，本段主旨为“注意基础”，A选项“把基础工作放在首位”符合本段主旨。故选A。
17．前文“If yu’re new t a sprt, take as much time as yu need t get the basic mvements dwn prperly.(如果你是这项运动的初学者，那么就尽情地花时间去熟练掌握基本动作吧。)”表明应先熟练基础动作，那么，就能更好地进步，掌握高级技能，G选项“从长远来看，这将使高级技能的掌握变得更加容易。”符合主旨，为前后递进关系。故选G。
18．前文“Hwever, yur bdy needs its full rest.(然而，你的身体需要充分的休息。)”表明身体需要充分睡眠休息，后文“If yu’re an adult, get 7-9 hurs f sleep each night.(如果你是成年人，每晚应保证7至9小时的睡眠时间。)”表示成年人需要的睡眠时间，F选项“如果你是青少年，每晚应该睡8到10个小时。”则说明青少年需要的睡眠时间，符合语境。故选F。
19．前文“Setting ambitius gals des nt mean being unrealistic, r saying yu’re ging t g prfessinal within a year.(设定雄心勃勃的目标并不意味着不切实际，也不意味着你要在一年内成为专业人士。)”说明设定远大目标应该切合实际，不能好高骛远，后文应表明应如何设立目标，D选项“相反，你应该审视一下自己目前的情况”表示应如何设立目标，且与下文“figure ut where yu think yu wuld like t be(弄清楚你认为自己想要达到什么样的状态/位置)”逻辑一致，引出真正说明的内容。故选D。
20．前文“Hwever, at least fr the curse f the game, yu can’t let any f that stuff get t yu.(然而，至少在比赛过程中，你不能让那些事情影响到自己。)”表示我们不能让其他事情影响自己，后文“But if winning the game means a lt t yu, then yu shuld keep yur eyes n the prize.(但倘若赢得比赛对你来说意义重大，那么你就应该专注于目标，坚持不懈。)”表示应专注，C选项“说起来容易做起来难啊。”中It指代前一句的内容，表示这是很难的，后文表示如果想要赢得比赛，就一定要专注，符合语境。故选C。
4.（2026·云南省曲靖市罗平县罗平县第二中学高三上学期9月月考）
Phtgraphy is an incredible jurney that allws individuals t express their creativity and capture the wrld arund them. If yu want t becme a great phtgrapher, here are essential steps that will help yu master the art f taking amazing phts.
Master the basics f yur camera
T becme a great phtgrapher, mastering the basics f yur camera is crucial. Familiarizing yurself with yur camera settings will empwer yu t take cntrl f yur phtgraphy. Every phtgrapher must be able t effectively use their camera’s settings t enhance their creative visin. 1 , yu can becme a better phtgrapher, able t take phtgraphs that truly capture the essence f yur subject.
Perfect yur lighting skills
Natural light is ne f the mst pwerful tls a phtgrapher can emply. 2 . The quality, directin, and intensity f light can all influence the md and feel f yur phtgraphs. Fr instance, sft, diffused light (柔光) during the glden hur can create a magical atmsphere, while bright midday sun can prduce clear shadws.
3
As an essential skill fr any mdern phtgrapher, learning t use editing prgrams like Adbe Lightrm and Phtshp allws yu t enhance yur images, crrect imperfectins, and bring yur creative visin t life. 4 , frm simple adjustments t cmplicated manipulatins (操作). Familiarizing yurself with these prgrams is a great way t take yur phtgraphy t the next level.
Keep practicing and accept cnstructive feedback
Regular practice is vital fr anyne wanting t becme a great phtgrapher. The mre yu sht, the mre yu imprve yur phtgraphy skills and develp yur unique style. Embrace the learning prcess and cmmit t practicing cnsistently. 5 . Take their feedback as a tl fr grwth, and use it t better yur craft and take yur phtgraphy t the next level.
A．Learn pht editing fr enhancement
B．By learning the what’s and hw’s f yur camera
C．This technique encurages yu t think creatively
D．Learn frm mistakes and experiment with new techniques
E．These prgrams ffer a range f features that imprve yur phtgraphy
F．Knwing hw t use it effectively dramatically imprves yur phtgraphy
G．Seek ut pinins frm prfessinals t gain valuable insights int yur wrk
【答案】1．B 2．F 3．A 4．E 5．G
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文围绕如何成为优秀摄影师展开，从掌握相机基础、完善用光技巧、学习照片编辑、坚持练习并接受建设性反馈四个核心方面，介绍了提升摄影水平的关键步骤。
1．上文“T becme a great phtgrapher, mastering the basics f yur camera is crucial. Familiarizing yurself with yur camera settings will empwer yu t take cntrl f yur phtgraphy. Every phtgrapher must be able t effectively use their camera’s settings t enhance their creative visin.(要成为一名优秀的摄影师，掌握相机的基础知识至关重要。熟悉相机设置将使你能够掌控自己的摄影创作。每位摄影师都必须能够有效运用相机设置来提升自己的创作视野)”强调“掌握相机基础和设置”是提升摄影能力的关键前提。选项B“通过了解相机的相关知识和使用方法”中的“了解相机的相关知识和使用方法”与上文“掌握相机基础、熟悉相机设置”形成逻辑承接，衔接自然。故选B。
2．上文“Natural light is ne f the mst pwerful tls a phtgrapher can emply.(自然光是摄影师可以运用的最强大工具之一)”指出自然光的重要性，下文“The quality, directin, and intensity f light can all influence the md and feel f yur phtgraphs.(光线的质量、方向和强度都会影响照片的氛围和感觉)”进一步阐述光线的不同维度对照片的影响，中间需补充“如何运用自然光”的过渡内容。 选项F“知道如何有效运用它能显著提升你的摄影水平”中的“它”指代上文的“自然光”，既承接上文“自然光作为工具”的内容，又通过“有效运用能提升摄影水平”引出下文“光线如何影响照片”，起到承上启下的作用。故选F。
3．空处为本段小标题，下文“As an essential skill fr any mdern phtgrapher, learning t use editing prgrams like Adbe Lightrm and Phtshp allws yu t enhance yur images, crrect imperfectins, and bring yur creative visin t life.(作为现代摄影师的一项必备技能，学习使用Adbe Lightrm 和Phtshp等编辑软件能让你提升图像质量、修正瑕疵，并将你的创作愿景变为现实)”说明整段内容围绕“学习照片编辑软件”的重要性和作用展开。 选项 A“学习照片编辑以提升效果”直接点明“学习照片编辑”的主题，与下文“学习使用编辑软件”的具体内容完全匹配。故选A。
4．上文“As an essential skill fr any mdern phtgrapher, learning t use editing prgrams like Adbe Lightrm and Phtshp allws yu t enhance yur images, crrect imperfectins, and bring yur creative visin t life.(作为现代摄影师的一项必备技能，学习使用Adbe Lightrm和Phtshp等编辑软件能让你提升图像质量、修正瑕疵，并将你的创作愿景变为现实)”介绍编辑软件的作用，下文“frm simple adjustments t cmplicated manipulatins (操作).(从简单的调整到复杂的操作)”描述软件操作的范围，中间需补充“软件具备多种功能”的内容，衔接“作用”与“操作范围”。 选项E“这些软件提供了一系列能提升你摄影水平的功能”中的“这些软件”指代上文的“编辑软件”，“一系列功能”对应下文“从简单调整到复杂操作”的范围，逻辑连贯。故选E。
5．下文“Take their feedback as a tl fr grwth, and use it t better yur craft and take yur phtgraphy t the next level.(将他们的反馈视为成长的工具，并用它来提升你的技艺，让你的摄影水平更上一层楼)”提到“他们的反馈”，中间需补充“寻求他人反馈”的内容。 选项G“寻求专业人士的意见，以获取关于你作品的宝贵见解”中的“专业人士的意见”对应下文“他们的反馈”，“获取宝贵见解”为下文“利用反馈成长”提供前提，逻辑通顺。故选G。
5.（2026·广西壮族自治区河池市高三上学期9月月考）
Many f us face a tricky trap n scial media: either chase endless likes with cnstant psting r escape by ignring it all. We stress ver this frced chice — apprval r islatin — as if they can’t mix. 1 Here are three practical ways t find balance in the digital wrld.
Fcus n genuine cnnectins.
Likes and cmments bring shrt-term excitement, but they fade fast. True cnnectins matter mre. When yu share real stries r chat deeply with thers, yu feel warm inside. 2 S pick activities that make yu feel truly gd, like talking abut hbbies r helping friends nline — n need t care abut likes!
3
Peace n scial media starts with hw yu see it. Mindful scrlling (浏览) means nticing nice things — an inspiring pst, a friend’s happy news — withut cmparing yurself. The clrs f a pht r a kind wrd can make yu smile. Yu dn’t need big tricks. 4 Then yu’ll enjy bth: staying cnnected and feeling peaceful.
Celebrate small digital jys.
Every little win nline — sharing a useful tip, getting a sweet reply — deserves cheers. If yu nly wait fr lts f fllwers, yu’ll miss daily fun. 5 Fr example, celebrate finishing a pst yu care abut, nt just hitting a fllwer gal. Treat yurself t a snack after a nice chat. These turn nline time int a happy jurney.
A．Try brwsing with intentin.
B．Chasing likes will make yu tired.
C．Just fix yur attentin n the little jys nline.
D．Minr accmplishments in the digital wrld lift yur md.
E．In fact, mixing wrk and rest nline helps yu stay balanced.
F．But ur time nline desn’t have t be stuck in this dilemma.
G．That czy glw frm within desn’t depend n likes r cmments.
【答案】1．F 2．G 3．A 4．C 5．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是如何在社交媒体中摆脱“追求点赞”与“彻底逃避”的两难困境，找到数字生活的平衡之道。
1．空前“Many f us face a tricky trap n scial media: either chase endless likes with cnstant psting r escape by ignring it all. We stress ver this frced chice — apprval r islatin — as if they can’t mix.(我们许多人都深陷社交媒体的棘手陷阱：要么通过不断发帖来追逐无穷无尽的点赞，要么选择彻底逃避、对一切视而不见。我们为这种被迫的选择而焦虑不已——仿佛认可与孤独无法共存。)”提出社交媒体的两难选择（追求点赞或完全逃避），并指出人们误以为“认可与孤独不可兼得”。F选项“But ur time nline desn’t have t be stuck in this dilemma.(但我们的上网时光未必非要困于这种两难境地。)”中的“But”否定极端观点，暗示存在第三种选择，自然引出后文“三种平衡方法”的总起句“Here are three practical ways t find balance in the digital wrld.(以下是在数字世界中寻找平衡的三种实用方法。)”，因此F选项符合语境。故选F。
2．该段核心观点是空前“True cnnectins matter mre.(真正重要的，是真实的联结。)”，空后“S pick activities that make yu feel truly gd, like talking abut hbbies r helping friends nline — n need t care abut likes!(因此，选择那些能让你真正感到愉悦的活动吧，比如谈论兴趣爱好，或是在网上帮助朋友——无需在意点赞数量！)”建议参与能带来内在满足的活动（如谈论爱好、帮助朋友）。G选项“That czy glw frm within desn’t depend n likes r cmments.(那种源自内心的温暖，并不依赖于点赞或评论。)”总结主题：内心的温暖不依赖外部认可，与后文“无需在意点赞”（n need t care abut likes）形成呼应。故选G。
3．后文“Mindful scrlling (浏览) means nticing nice things — an inspiring pst, a friend’s happy news — withut cmparing yurself.(有意识地浏览（Mindful scrlling），意味着去关注美好的事物——比如一篇鼓舞人心的帖子，或是朋友的喜讯——而不与他人比较。)”提到“有意识地浏览社交媒体，关注美好事物而非自我比较”，核心是主动选择浏览内容。A选项“Try brwsing with intentin.(有意识地浏览内容。)”作为小标题，直接点明“有意图地浏览”，与下文“关注美好事物”逻辑一致。故选A。
4．结合下文“Then yu’ll enjy bth: staying cnnected and feeling peaceful.(然后你会享受两者：保持联系和感到平静。)”可知，该段讨论如何通过“有意识地浏览”实现社交与内心的平衡。C选项“Just fix yur attentin n the little jys nline.(只需将注意力聚焦于网络世界中的小确幸。)”总结结果：通过关注美好事物（nticing nice things），用户能同时享受社交连接与内心平静，与前文逻辑闭环，因此符合语境。故选C。
5．该段小标题是“Celebrate small digital jys.(庆祝数字生活中的小确幸。)”和空前“Every little win nline — sharing a useful tip, getting a sweet reply — deserves cheers. If yu nly wait fr lts f fllwers, yu’ll miss daily fun.(网络上的每一个小成就——分享一条实用建议、收到一条暖心回复——都值得欢呼。如果你只盯着粉丝数量的增长，就会错过日常的乐趣。)”主张庆祝线上小成就（如分享有用技巧、收到暖心回复），而非仅关注粉丝数量。D选项“Minr accmplishment in the digital wrld lift yur md.(数字世界里的微小成就，也能让你心情愉悦。)”解释原因：数字世界的小成就能提升情绪，与后文例子（celebrate finishing a pst）紧密衔接，因此D选项符合语境。故选D。
6.（2026·湖北省宜昌市高三上学期九月起点）
Have yu ever heard f the Internet f Things (IT)? It is a term that has been gaining attentin in recent years. 1 Simply put, the IT refers t a netwrk f physical devices cnnected t the internet, enabling them t cllect, share, and act n data. Frm smart hme appliances t wearable fitness trackers, the IT is transfrming the way we live and wrk.
The cncept f IT is nt as cmplex as it sunds. 2 Imagine yur refrigeratr sending yu a ntificatin(通知)when yu’re running ut f milk, r yur smart watch reminding yu t stay active after sitting t lng. These devices make everyday tasks easier and mre efficient. The IT relies n sensrs, sftware, and wireless netwrks t create this smth cnnectin.
3 It enhances cnvenience, saves time, and imprves prductivity. In industries, IT technlgy is transfrming prcesses. Fr instance, in agriculture, sensrs can mnitr sil water levels and help farmers adjust irrigatin. In healthcare, wearable devices can track patients’ vital signs and warn dctrs abut ptential health issues.
Hwever, the IT als raises cncerns. One majr issue is data security. As mre devices cllect and share persnal infrmatin, the risk f data expsure increases. 4 Privacy is anther challenge, as users may nt always knw hw their data is being used. These issues highlight the need fr better security measures.
The Internet f Things is shaping a mre cnnected and intelligent wrld. While it ffers many benefits, it als cmes with challenges that need t be addressed. As technlgy cntinues t develp, the IT will likely play an even greater rle in ur lives. 5
A．What des it truly refer t?
B．What items might be part f the IT?
C．The benefits f the IT are undeniable.
D．It’s mre straightfrward than yu expect.
E．Users ften share data freely withut realizing its value.
F．Sensitive data can be subject t misuse withut adequate safeguards.
G．It is up t us t accept its ptential while remaining mindful f its risks.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．F 5．G
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了物联网（IT）的定义、应用、优势以及面临的挑战，并指出其在我们生活中的潜在作用。
1．由上文“Have yu ever heard f the Internet f Things (IT)? It is a term that has been gaining attentin in recent years.(你听说过物联网（IT）吗？这是一个近年来越来越受到关注的术语。)”和下文“The cncept f IT is nt as cmplex as it sunds.(物联网的概念并不像听起来那么复杂。)”可知，空格处应提出与“物联网是什么”相关的疑问，以引出下文的解释。A选项“What des it truly refer t?(它真正指的是什么？)”能承接上文，并自然地引出下文对物联网的解释，符合题意。故选A。
2．由上文“The cncept f IT is nt as cmplex as it sunds.(物联网的概念并不像听起来那么复杂。)”可知，本空应进一步说明物联网概念的简单性。D选项“It’s mre straightfrward than yu expect.(它比你想象的更简单。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选D。
3．由下文“It enhances cnvenience, saves time, and imprves prductivity. In industries, IT technlgy is transfrming prcesses.(它提高了便利性，节省了时间，提高了生产力。在工业领域，物联网技术正在改变流程。)”可知，本空应概括物联网的优势。C选项“The benefits f the IT are undeniable.(物联网的优势是不可否认的。)”能概括下文内容，符合题意。故选C。
4．由上文“One majr issue is data security. As mre devices cllect and share persnal infrmatin, the risk f data expsure increases.(一个主要问题是数据安全。随着越来越多的设备收集和共享个人信息，数据泄露的风险也在增加。)”可知，本空应进一步说明数据安全问题的严重性。F选项“Sensitive data can be subject t misuse withut adequate safeguards.(如果没有足够的安全措施，敏感数据可能会被滥用。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。
5．由上文“As technlgy cntinues t develp, the IT will likely play an even greater rle in ur lives.(随着技术的不断发展，物联网可能会在我们的生活中发挥更大的作用。)”可知，本空应总结全文，并指出我们对物联网应有的态度。G选项“It is up t us t accept its ptential while remaining mindful f its risks.(我们应该接受它的潜力，同时注意它的风险。)”能够很好地总结全文，符合题意。故选G。
7.（2026·湖北省楚天协作体高三上学期开学）
Smetimes, everything seems t g wrng. Yu’re passed ver fr a jb. Yur back aches. Yur zipper breaks. Faced with setbacks large and small, yu begin t wnder if yu’re just an unlucky persn. Why des it seem like yu can never catch a break? 1
What Is Luck?
Peple define luck in three ways, accrding t Jacqueline Wlley. First, we ften use the term luck as synnymus with ‘chance’. Anther way t frame luck is “as a supernatural frce that exists in the universe”, she says. 2 Sme peple believe it als can be harnessed, with a ritual r charm. Third, it can be thught f as a persnal trait that yu’re brn with. But des it exist? Richard Wiseman believes that cnsidering yurself lucky r unlucky is “a way f seeing yurself, which then has impact n hw yu think. 3
Vik Lveday interviewed 44 academic emplyees wh were n temprary cntracts. He fund they wuld attribute gd news cncerning their careers t luck, because they believed it happened almst by accident. Prfessr Wlley als has lked at this idea in children. Between the ages fur and eight, they are expsed t the cncept f luck mstly thrugh family and bks. By age eight t ten, hwever, they start t get skeptical. They’ve begun t ntice that, “when they wish fr smething, it desn’t happen, ” she says. 4 Fr example, Michael Jrdan had t wear his cllege practice shrts under his NBA unifrm.
Hw T Think Abut Luck?
After studying peple wh cnsider themselves lucky r unlucky, Prfessr Wiseman has fund that the ‘lucky’ nes maximize chance pprtunities and dare t fllw their intuitin t grasp thse mments. Lucky peple als expect gd frtune and can transfrm bad experiences t gd. T imprve yur luck, yu can keep a ‘luck diary’. Spend abut 30 secnds writing dwn a psitive thing that’s happened each day. 5 Take a different rute when walking, watch a different TV prgramme and speak t different peple.
A．Why Is Luck At Play?
B．What Is The Rle Of Luck?
C．Als, dn’t be a creature f habit.
D．Write dwn small changes yu make in life.
E．It may tuch n different peple at different times.
F．There are three experts t help yu imprve yur utlk
G．Still, this desn’t stp the belief frm persisting int adulthd.
【答案】1．F 2．E 3．B 4．G 5．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了“运气”的概念、人们对运气的看法以及如何改变对运气的思考方式。
1．根据上文“Faced with setbacks large and small, yu begin t wnder if yu’re just an unlucky persn. Why des it seem like yu can never catch a break? (面对大大小小的挫折，你开始怀疑自己是否只是一个不幸的人。为什么你好像永远都不能得到转机？)”可知人们遇到各种不顺，怀疑自己运气不好，后面开始介绍不同专家对运气的看法，F选项“有三位专家来帮助你改善看法。”起到承上启下的作用，符合题意。故选F。
2．上文“Anther way t frame luck is “as a supernatural frce that exists in the universe”, she says. (她说，另一种定义运气的方式是“宇宙中存在的一种超自然力量”。)”提到运气被定义为超自然力量，下文“Sme peple believe it als can be harnessed, with a ritual r charm. (有些人认为它也可以被利用，通过仪式或符咒。)”说有人认为它能被利用，所以E选项“它可能在不同的时间触及到不同的人。”能够很好地衔接上下文，说明这种超自然力量的特点。故选E。
3．设空处为本段的小标题，下文“Vik Lveday interviewed 44 academic emplyees wh were n temprary cntracts. He fund they wuld attribute gd news cncerning their careers t luck, because they believed it happened almst by accident. Prfessr Wlley als has lked at this idea in children. Between the ages fur and eight, they are expsed t the cncept f luck mstly thrugh family and bks. By age eight t ten, hwever, they start t get skeptical. They’ve begun t ntice that, “when they wish fr smething, it desn’t happen, ” she says. (维克·洛夫迪采访了44名签订临时合同的学术人员。他发现，他们会把事业上的好消息归因于运气，因为他们相信这几乎是偶然发生的。伍利教授也在儿童中研究了这一观点。在4到8岁之间，他们主要是通过家庭和书籍接触到运气的概念。然而，在八到十岁的时候，他们开始怀疑。她说，他们已经开始注意到，“当他们想要什么东西时，它不会发生。”)”说明人们把职业上的好消息归因于运气，阐述了运气在人们生活中的作用，B 选项“运气的作用是什么？”符合语境，适合作小标题。故选B。
4．上文“By age eight t ten, hwever, they start t get skeptical. They’ve begun t ntice that, “when they wish fr smething, it desn’t happen, ” she says. (然而，在八到十岁的时候，他们开始怀疑。她说，他们已经开始注意到，“当他们想要什么东西时，它不会发生。”)”提到8-10岁开始对运气持怀疑态度，下文“Fr example, Michael Jrdan had t wear his cllege practice shrts under his NBA unifrm. (例如，迈克尔·乔丹不得不在他的NBA制服里面穿他的大学训练短裤。)”举例说明像迈克尔・乔丹这样的成年人还有对运气相关的信念，G 选项“然而，这并不能阻止这种信念持续到成年。”可以连接前后内容。故选G。
5．根据下文“Take a different rute when walking, watch a different TV prgramme and speak t different peple. (每天花30秒写下一件积极的事情。步行时走不同的路线，看不同的电视节目，和不同的人说话。)”可知提到走路走不同路线、看不同电视节目、和不同人说话，这些都是改变习惯的做法，C 选项“另外，不要成为习惯的产物。” 与之呼应。故选C。
8.（2026·山西省朔州市怀仁市第一中学校高三上学期摸底）
D yu remember when smene wuld be cruel t yu at schl and yu wuld cme hme crying? Yur parents prbably tld yu that “what they think desn’t matter — it’s what yu think that cunts.” 1 Hw can yu be happy if yu dn’t like wh yu are? Here are sme ways t change yur self-perceptin and bst yur happiness.
Identify what matters t yu.
First, ask yurself what’s imprtant t yu. We all have traits (特点) we value and talents we pride urselves n. 2 If creativity and art are yur strengths, emphasize them. It shuldn’t matter if yu lack cnfidence r are verweight as lng as yu have smething t be prud f. Finding yur purpse makes minr issues seem less significant.
3
Yur current self is a stepping stne t becming wh yu want t be. Fr instance, if yu’re unhappy with yur career, think abut a jb that wuld make yu happy and hw t achieve it. Remember, many successful peple didn’t achieve greatness until later in life; it’s never t late t pursue yur dreams. 4
List yur psitive traits and achievements.
Befre aiming fr self-imprvement, recgnize yur virtues. Sit dwn and write ten things yu like abut yurself and ten achievements yu’re prud f. Everyne can cme up with at least ten items.
Find rle mdels.
5 T vercme this, find rle mdels wh share similar traits but succeed despite challenges. Seeing hw thers maximize their strengths can inspire yu t d the same, bsting yur self-respect.
By fcusing n what truly matters, yu can imprve yur self-respect and verall happiness.
A．Fcus n these psitive aspects.
B．Acknwledge yu can change and grw.
C．But what if the criticism cmes frm within?
D．The jurney itself matters mre than the destinatin.
E．Hw d yu g abut changing the way yu feel abut thers?
F．Reflect n yur friends and family members wh lve yu fr wh yu are.
G．We ften cmpare urselves unfavurably t thers, especially thse in the media.
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．G
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了如何通过改变自我认知来提升个人的幸福感。
1．根据前文“D yu remember when smene wuld be cruel t yu at schl and yu wuld cme hme crying? Yur parents prbably tld yu that “what they think desn’t matter — it’s what yu think that cunts.” (你还记得在学校有人对你很残忍，你哭着回家吗？你的父母可能会告诉你：‘他们怎么想并不重要，重要的是你怎么想。’)”提到别人对你残忍时父母的安慰话语，以及后文“Hw can yu be happy if yu dn’t like wh yu are?(如果你不喜欢你自己，你怎么能快乐呢？)”说如果不喜欢自己怎么能快乐呢，C选项“But what if the criticism cmes frm within?( 但如果批评来自内心呢？)”起到了承上启下的作用，引出关于自我认知和自我接纳的讨论，符合语境。故选C项。
2．根据前文“We all have traits we value and talents we pride urselves n.( 我们都有自己珍视的特质和引以为傲的才能。)”可知，这句话鼓励人们关注自己的价值和才能。紧接着应该强调专注于这些积极的方面，以强化正面的自我认知。A项“Fcus n these psitive aspects.(关注这些积极的方面。)”与前文内容紧密相连，进一步强调了积极特质的重要性，有助于建立积极的自我形象，符合文章提升自我认同感和幸福感的主题。故选A项。
3．根据后文“Yur current self is a stepping stne t becming wh yu want t be.(你现在的自己是成为你想成为的人的垫脚石。)”这句话说明了当前的状态是未来理想自我的基础，暗示了个人具有成长和改变的潜力。因此，这里需要承认个人可以改变和成长的观点。B项“Acknwledge yu can change and grw.(承认你可以改变和成长。)”与后文的成长和改变主题直接相关。故选B项。
4．根据前文“Remember, many successful peple didn’t achieve greatness until later in life; it’s never t late t pursue yur dreams.(记住，许多成功人士直到较晚的时候才取得伟大成就；追求你的梦想永远不会太晚。)”这句话强调了成功是一个过程，而不是一个终点。因此，这里应该强调过程的重要性，而不仅仅是目标的实现。D项“The jurney itself matters mre than the destinatin.(旅程本身比目的地更重要。)”与前文的成功过程论相呼应。故选D项。
5．根据后文“T vercme this, find rle mdels wh share similar traits but succeed despite challenges.( 为了克服这一点，寻找具有相似特征但在挑战中成功的榜样。)”这句话暗示了存在某种需要克服的不利比较或自我怀疑，因此，这里应该指出人们常常不利地将自己与他人，尤其是媒体中的人物进行比较的问题。G项“We ften cmpare urselves unfavurably t thers, especially thse in the media.(我们经常拿自己和别人作不利的比叫，尤其是和媒体中的人比。)”为后续寻找榜样以克服这种心态的建议提供了背景。故选G项。
9.（2026·广西部分学校高三上学期开学）
Have yu had truble cncentrating n tasks r getting things dne? Here are fur helpful ways t imprve yur fcus and help yu reach the finish line.
Take a deep breath
1 . When yu’re stressed, yur attentin narrws. The fight-r-flight respnse starts wrking. Yur heart beats a little faster, and yu might get a little sweaty because yu’re anxius. S if smething requires yur full attentin, take a breath and calm yur bdy dwn. It is yur bdy’s respnse t that stress that’s causing the limitatin in attentin.
Allw yur mind t wander
If yu are finding it hard t fcus, take a break and allw yur mind t wander int what’s called the default mde (默认模式) netwrk. 2 . It’s the place where ur minds find innvatin and creativity and ften make better decisins than the fcused mind. Get yurself there with smething called psitive cnstructive daydreaming. Try traveling with yur mind t smeplace enjyable — maybe it’s a walk thrugh an imaginary frest r sunbathing n a warm, sandy beach. Free yur mind fr abut 20 minutes f this fun and watch what happens. 3
Yu shuld set sme limitatins if yu ften find yurself wasting time n scial media, and it’s making yu feel stressed and ashamed. Try turning ff push ntificatins (推送通知) and remving scial media apps frm yur phne t create natural bstacles t accessing them. 4 .
Remember yur time is precius
Think abut all the peple and things yu cnsider mst imprtant — yur friends and yur hbbies. 5 . Are the lists the same? D yu keep putting ff learning t play a new sng because scial media wn’t stp drawing yur attentin? If yu’re just giving away the nly precius thing yu have, make sure yu spend it wisely.
A．This is where magic happens
B．Pick what yu currently have
C．Stress can affect yur ability t fcus
D．Get rid f what takes yur attentin away
E．If they’re nt enugh, use sme tls t help yu
F．Only in this way can yu fix yur mind n smething creative
G．Then think abut wh and what yu actually spend yur time n
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．E 5．G
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四种有助于提高专注力的方法，包括深呼吸、允许思绪漫游、摆脱干扰以及牢记时间的珍贵，帮助人们更好地完成任务。
1．根据本段小标题“Take a deep breath (深呼吸)”以及空后的“When yu’re stressed, yur attentin narrws. The fight-r-flight respnse starts wrking. Yur heart beats a little faster, and yu might get a little sweaty because yu’re anxius. (当你感到压力时，你的注意力范围会缩小。“战斗或逃跑”反应开始起作用：你的心跳会稍快一些，由于焦虑，你可能还会微微出汗。)”可知，压力对专注力有影响。C选项“Stress can affect yur ability t fcus (压力会影响你的专注力)”中的“stress”与空后内容相呼应，点明了本段主旨，符合语境。故选C项。
2．根据空前的“If yu are finding it hard t fcus, take a break and allw yur mind t wander int what’s called the default mde (默认模式) netwrk. (如果你发现很难集中注意力，休息一下，让你的思绪漫游到所谓的默认模式网络中。)”以及空后的“It’s the place where ur minds find innvatin and creativity and ften make better decisins than the fcused mind. (在这个地方，我们的大脑能找到创新和创造力，而且往往能做出比专注时更好的决定。)”可知，此处应说明默认模式网络是产生奇妙效果的地方。A选项“This is where magic happens (这就是奇迹发生的地方)”中的“This”指代前文的“default mde netwrk”，且与空后对其作用的描述相呼应，符合语境。故选A项。
3．分析语篇可知，此处应为本段的小标题，与其他段落相同，应为祈使句，根据空后的“Yu shuld set sme limitatins if yu ften find yurself wasting time n scial media, and it’s making yu feel stressed and ashamed. Try turning ff push ntificatins (推送通知) and remving scial media apps frm yur phne t create natural bstacles t accessing them. (如果你经常发现自己在社交媒体上浪费时间，且这让你感到焦虑不安和愧疚，就应该设定一些限制。试着关闭推送通知，并将社交媒体应用从手机上删除，以此为访问它们设置一些自然的障碍。)”可知，本段讲述的内容与摆脱干扰注意力的事物相关。D选项“Get rid f what takes yur attentin away (摆脱那些分散你注意力的东西)”为祈使句，且能概括本段主题，适合作本段小标题。故选D项。
4．根据空前的“Try turning ff push ntificatins (推送通知) and remving scial media apps frm yur phne t create natural bstacles t accessing them. (试着关闭推送通知，把社交媒体应用从手机上删除，为访问它们设置自然障碍。)”可知，此处应说明如果这些方法不够，还可以借助工具。E选项“If they’re nt enugh, use sme tls t help yu (如果这些还不够，用一些工具来帮助你)”中的“they”指代前文提到的方法，承接前文内容，符合语境。故选E项。
5．根据空前的“Think abut all the peple and things yu cnsider mst imprtant — yur friends and yur hbbies. (想想所有你认为最重要的人和事——你的朋友和你的爱好。)”以及空后的“Are the lists the same? D yu keep putting ff learning t play a new sng because scial media wn’t stp drawing yur attentin? (这两份清单一样吗？你是不是因为社交媒体一直吸引你的注意力而推迟学习演奏一首新歌？)”可知，此处应建议思考实际花费时间在哪些人和事上。G选项“Then think abut wh and what yu actually spend yur time n (然后想想你实际上把时间花在了谁和什么事情上)”中的“Then”承接前文的“Think abut”，且与空后对两份清单的对比相呼应，符合语境。故选G项。
10.（2026·内蒙古部分学校高三上学期8月开学教学质量检测）
When a persn is authentic, it means that they act in ways that genuinely shw hw they feel. They d this rather than putting n different faces arund different peple, r tailring their persnality based n cntext. 1 T be authentic, yu need t accept yurself fr wh yu are, and treat thers with respect. Authentic peple display a cnsistent set f values, and dn’t change their behaviur frm ne cnversatin t the next.
Accept yurself fr wh yu are. Accepting yurself ften requires a mental attitude adjustment. Try t be slwer t criticize yurself r see yurself as inferir t (次于) thers. Fcus n accepting and appreciating wh yu are as a unique individual. 2
Put time int persnal grwth. There is a great deal f authenticity t be fund in grwing yurself and pursuing interests that fulfill yu as a persn. 3 In cntrast, inauthentic peple ften neglect the things that interest them in favr f pursuing whatever they believe t be ppular r scially required f them.
4 Authentic peple are in tuch with their mral cmpass and their persnal set f beliefs. This includes religius beliefs, mral beliefs, and beliefs f any ther kind. These beliefs shuld be evident in yur daily behaviurs. Many peple unthinkingly adpt a partner’s, parent’s r friend’s beliefs withut figuring ut if the beliefs are right fr them.
Express yur thughts and feelings. 5 Authentic peple are cmfrtable speaking their mind and cmmunicating when they have a prblem r are appreciative f smething. If yu feel prhibited t speak yur mind, r realize that yu frequently nly say what yu think thse arund yu expect t hear, yu’re likely behaving inauthentically.
A．Ask peple fr help when yu need it.
B．Act n yur persnal beliefs and values.
C．Talk abut yur pinin when it matters t yu.
D．This can be dne thrugh classes, vlunteering r hbbies.
E．This will lead t authentic behaviurs in line with yur persnality.
F．If yu dn’t have a fear f rejectin, it will be easier t maintain a relatinship.
G．Persnal authenticity is the daily expressin f yur cre beliefs and persnality.
【答案】1．G 2．E 3．D 4．B 5．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要论述了什么是个人真实性以及如何做到真实，包括接受自我、投入个人成长、依据个人信念和价值观行事以及表达自己的想法和感受等方面。
1．上文“When a persn is authentic, it means that they act in ways that genuinely shw hw they feel. They d this rather than putting n different faces arund different peple, r tailring their persnality based n cntext. (当一个人很真实，这意味着他们的行为能真实地反映内心感受。他们不会在不同的人面前换上不同的面孔，或是根据情境调整自己的个性)”解释了什么是真实，G选项“Persnal authenticity is the daily expressin f yur cre beliefs and persnality.(个人真实性是你核心信念和个性的日常表达)”进一步阐述了个人真实性的含义，是对上文的进一步说明，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。
2．上文“Accepting yurself ften requires a mental attitude adjustment. Try t be slwer t criticize yurself r see yurself as inferir t (次于) thers. Fcus n accepting and appreciating wh yu are as a unique individual.(接受自己通常需要调整心态。尽量减少对自己的批评，或者认为自己不如别人。专注于接受和欣赏你作为一个独特个体的身份)”建议要接受自己，调整心态，减少对自己的批评，欣赏自己作为独特个体的身份，E选项“This will lead t authentic behaviurs in line with yur persnality.(这将导致符合你个性的真实行为)”承接上文，说明接受自己、调整心态后带来的结果，即会有符合自己个性的真实行为，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。
3．上文“There is a great deal f authenticity t be fund in grwing yurself and pursuing interests that fulfill yu as a persn.(在自我成长和追求让你成为一个完整的人的兴趣中，你会发现很多真实性)”建议要投入个人成长，追求能让自己成为一个完整的人的兴趣，D选项“This can be dne thrugh classes, vlunteering r hbbies.(这可以通过上课、做志愿者或培养爱好来实现)”承接上文，说明实现自我成长和追求兴趣的具体途径，上下文语意连贯。故选D项。
4．下文“Authentic peple are in tuch with their mral cmpass and their persnal set f beliefs. This includes religius beliefs, mral beliefs, and beliefs f any ther kind. These beliefs shuld be evident in yur daily behaviurs.(真实的人与他们的道德指南针和个人信仰体系保持联系。这包括宗教信仰、道德信仰和任何其他类型的信仰。这些信念应该体现在你的日常行为中)”建议要依据个人信念和价值观行事，B选项“Act n yur persnal beliefs and values.(依据你的个人信念和价值观行事)”概括本段内容，是段首主题句。故选B项。
5．上文“Express yur thughts and feelings.(表达你的想法和感受)”建议要表达自己的想法和感受，C选项“Talk abut yur pinin when it matters t yu.(当事情对你很重要时，谈谈你的看法)”承接上文，进一步说明在什么情况下要表达自己的看法，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。
1.（2026·江西省多校联考高三上学期7月模拟预测）
In tday’s wrld where artificial intelligence (AI) can cpy ur wrds, autmate ur decisins and even simulate emtins, understanding what sets us apart isn’t just philsphical. 1 Knwing what makes us unquestinably different frm intelligent machines helps us prtect and even expand ur mst valuable strengths— ur creativity, emtinal intelligence, life experiences and sense f purpse, s that we dn’t just cexist with AI, but rise abve it, shaping the future instead f being shaped by it. Here are three irreplaceable human attributes (属性).
We have real-life experiences while AI has data. Experience is ne f the mst pwerful things that shape us frm the mment n which we’re brn. 2 While AI, n the ther hand, can analyze massive data, it desn’t learn frm pain, jy, failure, r success the way humans d. Experience isn’t just abut infrmatin— it’s abut persnal grwth.
3 We create stries t make sense f the wrld, find purpse in struggle and cnnect ur past t ur future. Hwever, AI desn’t wnder abut “the why” behind what it des. Instead, it just prcesses requests and generates respnses, withut caring abut the utcme beynd the gals that it’s pre-prgrammed t achieve.
We have free will while AI has cdes (代码). Humans can chse genersity ver self- interest, frgiveness ver hatred, and innvatin ver cnfrmity. But AI nly fllws rules. N matter hw advanced, it’s always bund by its prgramming. 4
AI may be extrardinarily useful and helpful, but it will likely never prvide what makes us human—empathy (共情), true lve, meaningful purpse and life experiences. 5 In this way, we can ensure that technlgy will serve humanity—nt the ther way arund.
A．It’s gaining ppularity.
B．Besides, it is deeply practical.
C．We are cnsiderate while AI is creative.
D．We seek meaning while AI fllws instructins.
E．It desn’t have desires, beliefs r independent thughts.
F．Every failure, success and challenge can influence ur future decisins.
G．S value ur and thers’ emtinal depth, life experiences and creative ptential.
【答案】1．B 2．F 3．D 4．E 5．G
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章阐述了在人工智能能模仿人类诸多行为的当下，了解人类与AI的区别至关重要，并介绍了人类三项不可替代的属性。
1．上文“In tday’s wrld where artificial intelligence (AI) can cpy ur wrds, autmate ur decisins and even simulate emtins, understanding what sets us apart isn’t just philsphical. (在当今世界，人工智能（AI）能够模仿我们的语言、自动做出决策，甚至模拟情感，了解是什么让我们与众不同，这不仅仅是一个哲学层面的问题)”说明了解人类与AI的区别不只是哲学上的，空处承接上文，进一步说明其性质，B选项“此外，它还非常实用”中的“Besides”与上文形成递进关系，同时呼应下文“Knwing what makes us unquestinably different frm intelligent machines helps us prtect and even expand ur mst valuable strengths— ur creativity, emtinal intelligence, life experiences and sense f purpse, s that we dn’t just cexist with AI, but rise abve it, shaping the future instead f being shaped by it. (弄清楚是什么让我们与智能机器有着不容置疑的区别，有助于我们保护甚至拓展自身最宝贵的优势——创造力、情商、生活阅历以及目标感，这样一来，我们就不仅仅是与人工智能共存，而是要超越它，主动塑造未来，而非被它所塑造)，提到的了解区别能帮助我们保护和拓展自身优势，符合语境。故选B。
2．上文“Experience is ne f the mst pwerful things that shape us frm the mment n which we’re brn. (从出生那一刻起，经历就是塑造我们最强大的力量之一)”，强调经历对人的塑造作用，F选项“每一次失败、成功和挑战都会影响我们未来的决定”，具体阐述了不同经历对人未来决策的影响，符合语境。故选F。
3．下文“We create stries t make sense f the wrld, find purpse in struggle and cnnect ur past t ur future. Hwever, AI desn’t wnder abut “the why” behind what it des. (我们通过创造故事来理解世界，在奋斗中寻找目标，并将过去与未来联系起来。然而，人工智能不会去思考它所做事情背后的“原因”)”，对比了人类和AI在对待事物“原因”“意义”上的不同，D选项“我们寻求意义，而人工智能遵循指令”准确概括了人类追求意义、AI仅按指令行事的区别，概括上文的对比，符合语境。故选D。
4．上文“But AI nly fllws rules. N matter hw advanced, it’s always bund by its prgramming. (但人工智能只遵循规则。无论多么先进，它总是受其程序的约束)”说明AI受程序限制，空处承接上文，进一步说明AI的局限性，E选项“它没有欲望、信念或独立思考”是对AI受程序约束、缺乏自主性的进一步阐述，符合语境。故选E。
5．上文“AI may be extrardinarily useful and helpful, but it will likely never prvide what makes us human—empathy (共情), true lve, meaningful purpse and life experiences. (人工智能可能非常有用和有帮助，但它很可能永远无法提供那些使我们成为人的东西——共情、真爱、有意义的目标和生活经历)”，强调了人类所拥有的独特品质是AI无法提供的，G选项“所以要珍视我们自己和他人的情感深度、生活经历和创造潜力”承接上文，呼吁人们重视自身独特品质，与下文“In this way, we can ensure that technlgy will serve humanity—nt the ther way arund. (通过这种方式，我们可以确保技术将服务于人类——而不是反过来人类服务于技术)”，确保技术服务于人类相呼应，符合语境。故选G。
2.（2026·江苏省镇江第一中学等校高三上学期8月期初考试）
IQ scres like Einstein’s 160 r Madnna’s 140 grab attentin, but EQ (Emtinal Intelligence), MQ (Mral Intelligence), and BQ (Bdy Intelligence) are far mre critical fr success. A high IQ is necessary but nt enugh. Fr example, peple prefer ding business with thse they like and trust, even with less favrable terms. 1
Emtinal Intelligence
EQ centers n recgnizing and regulating emtins — bth yur wn and thers’, using them apprpriately in situatins, and building strng relatinships. 2 This practice sharpens self-awareness f hw thughts influence feelings. Stress can be a huge killer f emtinal intelligence, s yu als need t develp healthy cping techniques that can effectively and quickly reduce stress.
Mral Intelligence
MQ builds n EQ, fcusing n respnsibility, sympathy, and frgiveness. It grws n keeping cmmitments, staying hnest, and treating thers with respect. T imprve it, replace excuses with respnsibility fr yur actins. 3 Shw genuine sympathy fr thers’ struggles, as empathy prmtes cnnectin. Equally imprtant is frgiveness — shwing tlerance f ther peple’s shrtcmings.
Bdy Intelligence
BQ reflects hw well yu understand, value, and care fr yur bdy. Thugh it may seem unrelated t wrk, it abslutely affects yur wrk because it largely determines yur feelings, state f mind, and energy level. 4 Chsing energy-giving fds ver tiring nes, ensuring sufficient rest, making time fr exercise, and even small steps like mnitring weight can dramatically benefit the way yu perfrm at wrk.
5 Smene with these qualities can utperfrm a highly educated persn lacking them. IQ benefits yu alne, but EQ, MQ, and BQ uplift thse arund yu, unlcking greater success and prfessinal respect.
A．This can build thers’ trust in yu.
B．This leads t repeated mistakes in yur act.
C．Withut it, even daily tasks can feel unmanageable.
D．Develping it means nticing daily signs and acting n them.
E．Frmal educatin matters less than develped EQ, MQ, and BQ.
F．T imprve it, start by tracking yur inner dialgue thrugh jurnaling.
G．Thus, investing in EQ, MQ, and BQ matters mre than just fixing n IQ.
【答案】1．G 2．F 3．A 4．D 5．E
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章指出情商、道德商、体商比智商对成功更关键，分别阐述三者的核心、提升方法，强调它们比正规教育更重要，能助个体超越高学历者。
1．根据前文“A high IQ is necessary but nt enugh. Fr example, peple prefer ding business with thse they like and trust, even with less favrable terms.( 高智商是必要的，但还不够。例如，人们更喜欢与他们喜欢和信任的人做生意，即使条件不太有利。)”提到高智商必要但不足够，人们更愿意与喜欢和信任的人做生意，此处需总结“情商（EQ）、道德商（MQ）和体商（BQ）比只关注智商（IQ）更重要”，G项“Thus, investing in EQ, MQ, and BQ matters mre than just fixing n IQ.(因此，投资情商、道德商和体商比只专注于智商更重要。)”承接逻辑，符合首段结论。故选G项。
2．根据上文“EQ centers n recgnizing and regulating emtins(情商的核心是识别和调节情绪)”可知，此段讲情商（EQ），以及后面“This practice sharpens self-awareness f hw thughts influence feelings.( 这种做法能提高自我意识，使其意识到思想是如何影响感觉的。)”提到这种做法能提高对思想如何影响感觉的自我意识，F项“T imprve it, start by tracking yur inner dialgue thrugh jurnaling.( 要提升情商，可从通过记日记追踪内心对话开始。)”中，“jurnaling”（记日记）对应后文“this practice”，且“tracking inner dialgue”（追踪内心对话）能“sharpen self-awareness”（提高自我意识），衔接紧密。故选F项。
3．根据上文“MQ builds n EQ, fcusing n respnsibility, sympathy, and frgiveness. It grws n keeping cmmitments, staying hnest, and treating thers with respect. T imprve it, replace excuses with respnsibility fr yur actins.( 道德商建立在情商的基础上，专注于责任、同情和宽恕。它在信守承诺、保持诚实和尊重他人的基础上成长。为了改善它，用对你的行为负责取代借口。)”可知，该段讲道德商（MQ），提到要为自己的行为承担责任等，A选项“This can build thers’ trust in yu.( 这能建立别人对你的信任。)”承担责任等行为能建立信任，与前文衔接紧密。故选A项。
4．根据上文“BQ reflects hw well yu understand, value, and care fr yur bdy. Thugh it may seem unrelated t wrk, it abslutely affects yur wrk because it largely determines yur feelings, state f mind, and energy level.( 体商反映了你对自己身体的理解、重视和照顾程度。虽然它看起来与工作无关，但它绝对会影响你的工作，因为它在很大程度上决定了你的感觉、精神状态和精力水平。)”可知，本段阐述体商是理解和照顾身体的能力，后文“Chsing energy-giving fds ver tiring nes, ensuring sufficient rest, making time fr exercise, and even small steps like mnitring weight can dramatically benefit the way yu perfrm at wrk.( 选择能提供能量的食物而不是让人疲劳的食物，确保充足的休息，腾出时间锻炼，甚至是监测体重这样的小步骤都能极大地改善你的工作表现。)”列举“选能量食物、保证休息、运动”等具体行动。D 项“Develping it means nticing daily signs and acting n them.( 提升体商意味着关注日常信号并付诸行动。)”中，“acting n them”对应后文照顾身体的具体措施，逻辑连贯。故选D项。
5．根据文章结构可知，末段总结“EQ、MQ、BQ 的重要性”，结合后文“Smene with these qualities can utperfrm a highly educated persn lacking them.( 有这些品质的人能胜过缺乏它们的高学历者。)”可知，E项“Frmal educatin matters less than develped EQ, MQ, and BQ”（正规教育不如良好的情商、道德商和体商重要）直接呼应“高学历者（frmal educatin）不如有 EQ/MQ/BQ 者”，契合段落主旨。故选E项。
3.（2026·湖南省永州市高三一模）
The 20-5-3 Rule
Yu dn’t need extreme diets r very tiring wrkut rutines t bst yur well-being. Enter the “20-5-3 rule” — research-backed frmula (方案) t imprve mental and physical health thrugh time spent utdrs. Develped by neurscientist Rachel Hpman f Nrtheastern University, 1
Twenty minutes, three times a week
The first step is t get ut in nature fr 20 minutes at least three times a week. Research frm the University f Michigan shws this is the sweet spt fr lwering crtisl, yur bdy’s primary stress hrmne. 2 Just sit r walk in a natural setting, expsed t sunlight and greenery. Hwever, the lead authr emphasizes the imprtance f discnnecting during these mments. Avid “aerbic exercise, and avid the use f scial media, internet, phne calls, cnversatins and reading,” she said. Think f it as a mini escape, designed t reset yur stress levels and help yu feel grunded.
Five hurs a mnth
Fr an even deeper mental reset, aim fr five hurs a mnth in semi-wild spaces, such as state parks. 3 Finnish researchers agree, finding wilder settings, with their rganic “chas”, help increase cgnitive resurces and fster sense f calm.
Three days annually
Immerse yurself in nature fr three days annually. Lng-time expsure t wild landscapes activates alpha brain waves — thse linked t meditatin, creativity and deep relaxatin, Men’s Health reprted. 4 A fur-day wilderness trip can reduce PTSD (创伤后应激障碍) symptms by 29% and stress by 21%, with effects lingering fr weeks afterward.
S the next time yu find yurself needing a “reset”, head utside fr a quick lunchtime walk, r plan a weekend in the wds. 5
A．Better yet, yu dn’t need t sweat it ut.
B．it is quite energy-cnsuming yet rewarding as well.
C．Studies even shw prfund benefits fr mental health.
D．Mre imprtantly, we can braden ur hrizns and keep fit.
E．Best f all, it’s free, accessible and waiting just utside yur dr.
F．this methd emphasizes small, manageable steps that can lead t big rewards.
G．Studies shw these envirnments prvide heightened relaxatin cmpared t city parks.
【答案】1．F 2．A 3．G 4．C 5．E
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“20-5-3法则”，即通过每周三次每次20分钟、每月五小时、每年三天的户外活动来改善身心健康的研究支持方案。
1．上文“Enter the “20-5-3 rule” — research-backed frmula (方案) t imprve mental and physical health thrugh time spent utdrs. Develped by neurscientist Rachel Hpman f Nrtheastern University,(采用“20-5-3法则”——这一经过研究验证的方案，通过户外活动来改善身心健康。该方案由东北大学的神经科学家雷切尔·霍普曼提出)” 引出“20-5-3 法则”及其研发者，空处需承接前文，介绍该法则的核心特点。F项“这个方法强调小的、可管理的步骤，这些步骤可以带来巨大的回报”符合语境，该项中的“this methd”与上文中的“the “20-5-3 rule”” 相呼应。故选F。
2．上文“The first step is t get ut in nature fr 20 minutes at least three times a week. Research frm the University f Michigan shws this is the sweet spt fr lwering crtisl, yur bdy’s primary stress hrmne.(第一步是每周至少三次，每次20分钟，走进大自然。密歇根大学的研究表明，这是降低皮质醇（人体主要的应激激素）的最佳时机)”指出每周三次、每次20分钟的户外接触可降压力激素，后文“Just sit r walk in a natural setting, expsed t sunlight and greenery.(只需在自然环境中静坐或漫步，沐浴阳光，感受绿意)”表明这个法则不需要进行剧烈的运动。A项“更好的是，你不需要为此大汗淋漓”符合语境。该项中的“dn’t need t sweat it ut”与上文中的“Just sit r walk”相呼应。故选A。
3．上文“Fr an even deeper mental reset, aim fr five hurs a mnth in semi-wild spaces, such as state parks.(为了更深入地调整心态，建议每月至少在半野生环境中，如州立公园，待上五个小时)”提出每月在半野外环境待 5 小时的建议，空处应承接上文，说明这样做的效果。G项“研究表明，与城市公园相比，这些环境能提供更强的放松感”符合语境，该项中的“these envirnments”与上文中的“semi-wild spaces, such as state parks”呼应，说明了在半野外的空间待上五个小时的好处。故选G。
4．上文“Lng-time expsure t wild landscapes activates alpha brain waves—thse linked t meditatin, creativity and deep relaxatin, Men’s Health reprted.(据《男性健康》杂志报道，长时间置身于野外景观中能够激活阿尔法脑电波——这种脑电波与冥想、创造力和深度放松状态相关联)”提到长时间野外接触对大脑的积极影响，空处与前文为递进关系，强调对心理健康的显著益处。C项“研究甚至显示对心理健康有深远的好处”符合语境，该项中的“prfund benefits fr mental health”与上文中的“meditatin, creativity and deep relaxatin”相呼应，进一步解释了长时间暴露在野外环境中的好处。故选C。
5．上文“S the next time yu find yurself needing a “reset”, head utside fr a quick lunchtime walk, r plan a weekend in the wds.(所以，下次当你发现自己需要“重置”时，不妨到外面快速地散个步，或者在树林里度过一个周末)”总结建议人们通过户外接触重置状态，空处应承接上文，对全文进行总结，说明这个法则的优点。E项“最重要的是，它是免费的、容易获得的，而且就在你的门外等着你”符合语境，该项中的 it指代“the 20-5-3 rule”，且“free, accessible”契合前文提到的轻松、易操作的特点。故选E。
4.（2026·江西省等多省高三上学期8月百万大联考）
What Yu Can Learn frm Exam Papers
Exam papers are nt just tls fr assessment. 1 . By analyzing and understanding exam papers, yu can gain insights that g beynd the grades yu receive. Here are sme key lessns yu can learn frm exam papers. 2
Exam papers prvide a clear picture f yur perfrmance in different areas. By reviewing yur answers and the crrespnding scres, yu can identify which tpics r skills yu excel in and which nes need imprvement. Fr example, if yu cnsistently scre well in multiple-chice questins but struggle with essay questins, it indicates that yu might need t wrk n yur writing skills r ability t synthesize infrmatin.
Imprve time management
One f the mst imprtant skills yu can develp frm exam papers is effective time management. By analyzing hw yu allcate time during an exam, yu can identify areas where yu might be spending t much r t little time. Fr instance, if yu find that yu ften run ut f time befre cmpleting the exam, it suggests that yu need t practice pacing yurself better. 3 .
Enhance critical thinking and prblem-slving skills
Exam papers ften require yu t apply yur knwledge in new and different ways. By wrking thrugh past exam questins, yu can practice critical thinking and prblem-slving skills. 4 . The skill is essential nt nly fr academic success but als fr success in yur future career and persnal life.
Develp a grwth mindset
Reviewing exam papers can be a pwerful way t develp a grwth mindset. Instead f fcusing slely n the grades, lk at the feedback (反馈) and use it as an pprtunity t learn and imprve. 5 . By adpting this perspective, yu can turn exam papers int valuable learning experiences that cntribute t yur verall develpment.
A．Keep practicing cnsistently
B．Identify yur strengths and weaknesses
C．This skill is als useful fr time-sensitive tasks in life
D．Every mistake is a chance t grw and becme better
E．Yu can adjust yur study habits based n the exam papers
F．They are als valuable resurces fr learning and self-imprvement
G．The prcess helps yu understand hw t develp effective slutins
【答案】1．F 2．B 3．C 4．G 5．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了分析试卷可以带来的好处。
1．根据上文“Exam papers are nt just tls fr assessment. (考试试卷不仅仅是用于评估的工具。)”可知，前句提到“试卷不只是评估工具”，空格处需承接此逻辑，说明试卷的另一作用。F选项中“als”呼应前文“nt just”，明确试卷的双重属性，符合上下文衔接。故F选项“它们也是学习和自我提升的宝贵资源”符合语境，故选F。
2．根据后文“Exam papers prvide a clear picture f yur perfrmance in different areas. By reviewing yur answers and the crrespnding scres, yu can identify which tpics r skills yu excel in and which nes need imprvement. Fr example, if yu cnsistently scre well in multiple-chice questins but struggle with essay questins, it indicates that yu might need t wrk n yur writing skills r ability t synthesize infrmatin. (考试试卷能清晰地反映出你在不同方面的表现情况。通过查看你的答案以及相应的分数，你可以明确自己在哪些方面表现出色，哪些方面还需要改进。例如，如果你在选择题上总是得分很高，但在论述题上却表现不佳，这表明你可能需要在写作技能或综合信息处理能力方面进行提升。)”可知，此处为段落小标题，需概括该段核心内容。后文围绕“通过试卷回顾成绩，识别擅长与需改进的领域”展开，本句点明段落主旨。故B选项“明确自己的长处和短处”符合语境，故选B。
3．根据上文“One f the mst imprtant skills yu can develp frm exam papers is effective time management. By analyzing hw yu allcate time during an exam, yu can identify areas where yu might be spending t much r t little time. Fr instance, if yu find that yu ften run ut f time befre cmpleting the exam, it suggests that yu need t practice pacing yurself better. (从考试试卷中，你能够培养出的一项极为重要的技能就是有效的时间管理能力。通过分析你在考试期间是如何分配时间的，你就能找出自己可能花费过多或过少时间的环节。例如，如果发现你常常在完成考试前就耗尽了时间，这就表明你需要更好地练习控制自己的答题节奏。)”可知，该段主题是“提升时间管理能力”，前句举例说明考试中时间分配不当需改进。C选项“这项技能对生活中需要限时完成的任务也很有用”，用“this skill”指代前文“time management”，将考试中的时间管理能力延伸到生活场景，补充说明其重要性，逻辑连贯。故C选项“这项技能在生活中的时间紧迫任务中也很有用”符合语境，故选C。
4．根据上文“Exam papers ften require yu t apply yur knwledge in new and different ways. By wrking thrugh past exam questins, yu can practice critical thinking and prblem-slving skills. (考试试卷通常会要求你以新颖且不同的方式运用所学知识。通过解答以往的考试题目，你可以锻炼批判性思维和解决问题的能力。)”可知，前句指出“通过做过往考题可锻炼批判性思维和解决问题的能力”，空格处需进一步说明该过程的作用。G选项“这个过程能帮助你理解如何制定有效的解决方案”，“the prcess”对应“wrking thrugh past exam questins”，解释了锻炼能力的具体体现，符合段落逻辑。故G选项“这个过程有助于你了解如何制定有效的解决方案”符合语境，故选G。
5．根据上文“Reviewing exam papers can be a pwerful way t develp a grwth mindset. Instead f fcusing slely n the grades, lk at the feedback (反馈) and use it as an pprtunity t learn and imprve. (回顾考试试卷是培养成长型思维模式的一种有效方式。不要只盯着分数，而应关注反馈内容，并将其视为一个学习和提升自我的机会。)”可知，该段主题是“培养成长型思维”，前句强调“将反馈视为学习和改进的机会”。D选项“每一个错误都是成长和变得更好的机会”，承接“反馈”与“改进”的逻辑，具体说明如何用成长型思维看待考试中的不足，与段落主旨一致。故D选项“每个错误都是成长和变得更好的机会”符合语境，故选D。
5.（2026·广东省上进联考新高三秋季入学摸底）
If yu dn’t knw what emtinal decluttering (清理) is, fasten yur seat belts and jin us fr a way t let g f it all finally. 1 Instead, emtinal decluttering is abut parting with things we dn’t “need” anymre.
2 Well, it’s nt as simple as yu might think. There’s s much mre t it than simply emptying drawers and chsing a few things t thrw away. In this article, we will fcus n several things that might be difficult t part with and hw yu can finally let g f them.
Old schlwrk, ntebks, and randm paper items
I used t save all my ld schlwrk and ntes until a basement fld washed them away. At first, shck kicked in, then sadness. 3 I never pened them after graduatin. Lessn learned. I didn’t need them but was attached t them instead. This was a great lessn in emtinal decluttering. 4 It’s best t stre them n yur phne r cmputer t free yurself f the clutter.
Yur bk cllectin
Nwadays, we all tend t purchase digital bks that are far easier t stre and catalg. But if yu were like me and had several bkshelves filled with bks, yu can declutter them. Srt them int tw piles, keep and dnate. Of curse, keep anything that has meaning t yu and dnate yur bks t yur neighbrhd HOA r lcal library. 5
Plus, creating yur new digital library is fun and exciting. It will als allw yu t chse frm sme audibks if yu never tried them.
A．But that fld did me a favr.
B．That fld caused great damage t the cmmunity.
C．Unfrtunately, mst peple think decluttering is easy.
D．At the same time, remember t buy nly classic bks.
E．S, if yu have such things, yu can scan r take pictures f them.
F．Of curse, that desn’t mean getting rid f everything in yur hme.
G．Either way, yu can develp a sense f freedm by unlading yur bk cllectin.
【答案】1．F 2．C 3．A 4．E 5．G
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是情感清理，并针对如何清理旧作业、笔记本、随机纸张以及书籍收藏这些难以割舍的物品给出了具体建议。
1．上文“If yu dn’t knw what emtinal decluttering (清理) is, fasten yur seat belts and jin us fr a way t let g f it all finally. (如果你不知道什么是情感清理，系好安全带，和我们一起寻找一种最终放下一切的方法)”引出“情感清理”这一概念，且提到“放下一切”，下文“Instead, emtinal decluttering is abut parting with things we dn’t “need” anymre. (相反，情感清理是关于与我们不再“需要”的东西告别)”通过“Instead”进行转折，说明情感清理并非是放下所有，而是告别不需要的东西，F选项“当然，这并不意味着要扔掉你家里的所有东西”承上启下，既呼应上文“放下一切”的表述，又通过“并不意味着扔掉所有东西”引出下文对情感清理的正确定义，符合语境。故选F。
2．下文“Well, it’s nt as simple as yu might think. There’s s much mre t it than simply emptying drawers and chsing a few things t thrw away. (嗯，这可不像你想的那么简单。情感清理远不止是清空抽屉、挑几样东西扔掉这么简单)”指出情感清理不简单，空处应是先提出一种相反的观点，即人们对清理的错误认知，C选项“不幸的是，大多数人认为清理很容易”符合语境，“认为清理很容易”与下文“并不像你想象的那么简单”形成对比，引出下文对清理复杂性的阐述。故选C。
3．上文“I used t save all my ld schlwrk and ntes until a basement fld washed them away. At first, shck kicked in, then sadness. (我曾经保存着所有的旧作业和笔记，直到地下室被淹，它们都被冲走了。起初是震惊，然后是悲伤)”描述了洪水冲走旧作业和笔记后“我”的情绪，下文“I never pened them after graduatin. Lessn learned. (毕业后我再也没有打开过它们。学到了一个教训)”表明“我”从这件事中有了收获，空处应体现态度的转变，说明洪水带来的积极影响，A选项“但那场洪水帮了我一个忙”符合语境，引出下文“我”从中得到的教训。故选A。
4．上文“This was a great lessn in emtinal decluttering. (这是情感清理中很好的一个教训)”说明从洪水冲走旧作业的事情中学会了情感清理，下文“It’s best t stre them n yur phne r cmputer t free yurself f the clutter. (最好把它们存储在手机或电脑上，这样就能摆脱杂乱)”提到了存储旧作业和笔记的方法，空处应是提出具体的清理旧作业和笔记的做法，为下文的存储方法做铺垫，E选项“所以，如果你有这样的东西，你可以扫描或者给它们拍照”符合语境，“扫描或者拍照”与下文“存储在手机或电脑上”相呼应，形成完整的清理和存储流程。故选E。
5．上文“Srt them int tw piles, keep and dnate. Of curse, keep anything that has meaning t yu and dnate yur bks t yur neighbrhd HOA r lcal library. (把它们分成两堆，保留的和捐赠的。当然，保留任何对你有意义的书，把你的书捐赠给社区业主协会或当地图书馆)”介绍了处理书籍收藏的两种方式——保留和捐赠，空处应总结这两种方式带来的效果，G选项“不管选择哪种方式，通过清理你的书籍收藏，你都能培养一种自由感”符合语境，“两种方式”对应上文的“保留和捐赠”，“培养自由感”点明了清理书籍收藏的积极意义，承接上文内容。故选G。
6.（2026·安徽省六校教育研究会高三上学期9月月考）
Bssy, dminant, cntrlling—have these labels ever cme t mind when yu think f thers r yurself? Or have thers used these terms t describe yu? Hwever, cntrl isn’t purely negative. 1 Its rle in ur lives is far mre cmplicated. Let’s unpack it.
2 Air traffic cntrllers ensure planes’ safe navigatin. Teachers wh manage classes effectively create a thriving envirnment. Self-cntrl, t, is a crnerstne (基石) f persnal grwth, helping us pursue lng term gals. These all shw hw cntrl can be a frce fr rder and prgress.
But when cntrl changes int a strng desire t be in charge all the time and make thers d exactly what yu want, many prblems will start t appear. Sme individuals use threats, r even frce t impse (强制实行) their will. 3 If yu recgnize such behavir in thers r experience it yurself, seeking supprt frm trusted adults is crucial— they can help address the harm.
Psychlgists link the desire fr cntrl t underlying anxiety. When we feel uncertain r that we dn’t knw what t d in life, the need t manage every little thing becmes a way t deal with ur feelings. And gradually, it becmes a negative cycle which gains strength. 4
Life’s changes ften spark cntrl urges. Physical r emtinal changes, family cnflicts, r the lss f a lved ne trigger (引发) feelings f pwerlessness. Transitins like starting a new schl r mving t a different city can als disrupt (扰乱) ur sense f stability. 5 It’s a natural respnse t life’s unpredictability.
A．This can be a frm f abuse.
B．Cntrl has clear psitive applicatins.
C．Uncertainty weakens ur self-cnfidence.
D．The sense f lss can als explain the reasn.
E．In such mments, the need t regain cntrl becmes intense.
F．Actually, cntrl desn’t fit neatly int “gd” r “bad” bxes.
G．If left unchecked, it can damage relatinships and generate stress.
【答案】1．F 2．B 3．A 4．G 5．E
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是控制欲产生的原因以及影响。
1．空前“Hwever, cntrl isn’t purely negative.(然而，控制并不完全是消极的。)”说明控制并不总是消极的，下文“Its rle in ur lives is far mre cmplicated.(它在我们生活中的作用要复杂得多。)”说明控制的作用不简单，F选项“Actually, cntrl desn’t fit neatly int “gd” r “bad” bxes.(实际上，控制并不能简单地归为“好”或“坏”的范畴。)”说明控制不能简单地分为“好”或“坏”，承上启下，符合语境，故选F。
2．空后“Air traffic cntrllers ensure planes’ safe navigatin. Teachers wh manage classes effectively create a thriving envirnment. Self-cntrl, t, is a crnerstne (基石) f persnal grwth, helping us pursue lng term gals. These all shw hw cntrl can be a frce fr rder and prgress.(空中交通管制员确保飞机的安全航行。有效管理班级的教师创造了一个蓬勃发展的环境。自我控制也是个人成长的基石，帮助我们追求长期目标。这些都表明，控制可以成为促进秩序和进步的力量。)”说明控制是会带来好处的，B选项“Cntrl has clear psitive applicatins.(控制具有明显的积极应用。)”说明控制是会带来好处的，有积极的作用，引起下文，符合语境，故选B。
3．空前“Sme individuals use threats, r even frce t impse (强制实行) their will.(有些人使用威胁，甚至武力来强加他们的意志。)”说明了有些人会使用威胁，甚至武力来强加他们的意志，空格处应该对这样的行为进行进一步说明，A选项“This can be a frm f abuse.(这可能是一种虐待行为。)”是对空前行为的描述，承接上文，符合语境，故选A。
4．空前“Psychlgists link the desire fr cntrl t underlying anxiety. When we feel uncertain r that we dn’t knw what t d in life, the need t manage every little thing becmes a way t deal with ur feelings. And gradually, it becmes a negative cycle which gains strength.(心理学家将控制欲与潜在的焦虑联系起来。当我们感到不确定或不知道在生活中要做什么的时候，管理每一件小事的需要就变成了处理我们感觉的一种方式。渐渐地，它变成了一个恶性循环，并且愈演愈烈。)”说明了控制欲会给精神方面带来不好的影响，G选项“If left unchecked, it can damage relatinships and generate stress.(如果任其发展，它会破坏人际关系并产生压力。)”说明了如果不好好处理控制欲，那就会产生压力，和精神方面的问题有关，承接上文，符合语境，故选G。
5．空前“Life’s changes ften spark cntrl urges. Physical r emtinal changes, family cnflicts, r the lss f a lved ne trigger (引发) feelings f pwerlessness. Transitins like starting a new schl r mving t a different city can als disrupt (扰乱) ur sense f stability.(生活的变化常常引发控制欲。身体或情感的变化、家庭冲突或失去所爱的人都会引发无力感。像开始新的学校或搬到另一个城市这样的过渡也会破坏我们的稳定感。)”说明了生活的变化会引发控制欲，并举例说了变化的具体情况，空格处应该说这些变化会带来什么结果，E选项“In such mments, the need t regain cntrl becmes intense.(在这种时刻，重新获得控制权的需求变得非常强烈。)”中的such mments指的是前面的那些生活中的变化，说明了这些变化引起的后果，承接上文，符合语境，故选E。
7.（2026·全国九五高中协作体高三上学期开学质量检测）
The mst imprtant element f emtinal maturity is taking respnsibility fr yur wn emtins and actins. It means neither blaming yurself fr what yu cannt cntrl nr lsing emtinal balance. 1 Here are sme practical ways t develp emtinal maturity in daily life.
Admit mistakes when yu are wrng.
Emtinally mature peple d nt blame thers fr their wn mistakes. They are respnsible fr their actins, learn frm mistakes, and accept feedback bjectively. 2 Often, they will just admit it, aplgize, and struggle t imprve themselves.
3
Emtinally mature peple understand their emtinal needs. It is imprtant t take care f thers’ feelings but it des nt mean they shuld ttally abandn their wn feelings. The key is t stay balanced and t attend t their wn emtinal needs when it is necessary. If a persn des nt respect his wn feelings, it is easy fr him t be influenced by thers and becme miserable.
Dn’t play victim.
4 Whenever they get setbacks（挫折）in life, they view it as their wn respnsibility t imprve themselves. They trust that every challenge exists t strengthen them whatever happens in life.
Define and set bundaries.
Emtinally mature peple understand their standpint. They knw what they want in life and they als make a cnscius decisin n the things that they d nt want. When things beynd their bundaries happen, they can detect them right away, deal with it accrdingly and wn’t let it destry their self-esteem. 5
A．Dn’t get upset s easily.
B．Respect yur wn feelings and needs.
C．Hence, they d nt respnd by attacking back.
D．This gives them huge pwer ver emtinal cntrl.
E．Assume respnsibility nly fr what lies within yur cntrl.
F．Peple with lw emtinal maturity are very easy t be identified.
G．Emtinally mature peple take full respnsibility fr their wn lives.
【答案】1．E 2．C 3．B 4．G 5．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要阐述了情绪成熟的核心是对自己的情绪和行为负责，并介绍了在日常生活中培养情绪成熟的几种实用方法，包括犯错时承认错误、尊重自身感受与需求、不扮演受害者以及明确并设定界限等。
1．根据前文“The mst imprtant element f emtinal maturity is taking respnsibility fr yur wn emtins and actins. It means neither blaming yurself fr what yu cannt cntrl nr lsing emtinal balance. (情绪成熟最重要的要素是对自己的情绪和行为负责。这意味着既不因为无法控制的事情责怪自己，也不失去情绪平衡。)”可知，前文重点强调“对可控之事负责，不对不可控之事自责”，空处应承接上文，进一步明确责任的边界。E选项“Assume respnsibility nly fr what lies within yur cntrl. (只对自己能控制的事情承担责任)符合语境。故选E项。
2．本段小标题为“Admit mistakes when yu are wrng. (犯错时承认错误)”，前文提到“Emtinally mature peple d nt blame thers fr their wn mistakes. They are respnsible fr their actins, learn frm mistakes, and accept feedback bjectively. (情绪成熟的人不会把自己的错误归咎于他人。他们对自己的行为负责，从错误中吸取教训，客观地接受反馈)”，说明情绪成熟者面对错误时的态度是负责而非推诿。空处应延续这一态度，说明其后续反应。C选项“Hence, they d nt respnd by attacking back. (因此，他们不会以反击作为回应。)”符合语境。故选C项。
3．此处需为段落小标题，需概括本段核心内容且格式与其他小标题一致（祈使句）。根据后文“Emtinally mature peple understand their emtinal needs. It is imprtant t take care f thers’ feelings but it des nt mean they shuld ttally abandn their wn feelings. The key is t stay balanced and t attend t wn emtinal needs when it is necessary. If a persn des nt respect his wn feelings, it is easy fr him t be influenced by thers and becme miserable. (情绪成熟的人了解自己的情感需求。关心他人的感受固然重要，但这并不意味着他们应该完全忽视自己的感受。关键在于保持平衡，并在必要时关注自身的情感需求。如果一个人不尊重自己的感受，就很容易受到他人的影响，进而陷入痛苦之中)”可知，本段核心是“关注并尊重自身的情感需求，而非完全忽略自我”。B选项“Respect yur wn feelings and needs. (尊重自己的感受和需求。)”为祈使句，精准概括了本段主题，适合作小标题。故选B项。
4．本段小标题为“Dn’t play victim. (不要扮演受害者)”以及后文提到“Whenever they get setbacks in life, they view it as their wn respnsibility t imprve themselves. (无论何时在生活中遇到挫折，他们都认为提升自己是自己的责任。)”可知，进一步说明情绪成熟的人对自身生活的责任意识。G选项“Emtinally mature peple take full respnsibility fr their wn lives. (情绪成熟的人对自己的生活负完全责任。)”直接呼应小标题“不扮演受害者”，且为后文“视挫折为自我提升的责任”提供了观点支撑，符合语境。故选G项。
5．本段围绕“Define and set bundaries. (明确并设定边界)”展开，前文提到“Emtinally mature peple understand their standpint. They knw what they want in life and they als made a cnscius decisin n the things that they d nt want. When things beynd their bundaries happen, they can detect it right away, deal with it accrdingly and wn’t let it destry their self-esteem.. (情绪成熟的人清楚自己的立场。他们知道自己在生活中想要什么，也会清醒地决定自己不想要什么。当发生超出自身边界的事情时，他们能立刻察觉，并采取相应的方式处理，不会让这些事损害自己的自尊。)”可知，空处应总结“设定边界”带来的积极作用。D选项“This gives them huge pwer ver emtinal cntrl. (这赋予他们强大的情绪控制能力。)”中的“This”指代前文“明确立场、设定并处理边界”的行为，符合语境。故选D项。
8.（2026·安徽省江淮十校高三上学期8月第一次联考）
Successful team cllabratin is essential fr achieving cmplex gals. It invlves mre than just wrking alngside thers; it requires intentinal strategies t use cllective strengths. Then hw can a team cllabrate effectively?
1
Every team member needs a shared understanding f the prject’s bjectives and their specific respnsibilities. This prevents misunderstandings and ensures accuntability. Ambiguity in rles ften leads t repeated effrts, verlked tasks, and frustratin. Clearly utlining expectatins frm the utset sets the stage fr prductive wrk.
Fster pen and respectful cmmunicatin.
Create an envirnment where team members feel safe t share ideas, ask questins, and vice cncerns withut fear f judgment. 2 Actively listening t understand different viewpints, rather than just waiting t speak, is crucial fr building trust and finding the best slutins.
Address cnflicts cnstructively.
3 New cnflicts as pprtunities t explre different perspectives and imprve utcmes. The gal shuld be t understand the rt cause and find a mutually acceptable reslutin. Fcusing n the issue at hand, nt persnal attacks, and seeking cmmn grund helps the team mve frward psitively.
Make the mst f diverse strengths.
Recgnize that each member brings unique skills, experiences, and perspectives t the table. 4 Assigning tasks based n individual strengths nt nly imprves efficiency but als increases engagement and satisfactin.
Establish regular check-ins and feedback lps.
Dn’t wait until the prject deadline t assess prgress. Schedule frequent, brief meetings t discuss updates, radblcks, and next steps. Cnstructive feedback, bth n the wrk and the prcess, shuld be encuraged. 5
A．Define clear gals and rles.
B．Encurage brainstrming sessins.
C．Effective cmmunicatin is the crnerstne f any strng team dynamic.
D．A team that cmmunicates prly will inevitably struggle with crdinatin.
E．Disagreements are unavidable in teamwrk, but they dn’t have t be destructive.
F．Intentinally discuss and map ut these differences t maximize the team’s ptential.
G．This allws the team t adapt quickly and ensure everyne remains aligned with the verall gal.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．E 4．F 5．G
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章指出团队有效协作对实现复杂目标至关重要，介绍了四条策略：明确目标与职责、促进开放尊重沟通、建设性处理冲突、善用成员多样优势，还提及定期沟通反馈。
1．根据后文“Every team member needs a shared understanding f the prject’s bjectives and their specific respnsibilities. This prevents misunderstandings and ensures accuntability. Ambiguity in rles ften leads t repeated effrts, verlked tasks, and frustratin. Clearly utlining expectatins frm the utset sets the stage fr prductive wrk.(每个团队成员都需要对项目的目标以及各自的具体职责达成共识。这可以避免误解，并确保责任明确。角色职责的模糊不清往往会导致重复工作、遗漏任务以及产生不满情绪。从一开始就清晰地明确期望，能够为高效的工作奠定基础)”可知，后文详细讨论了角色模糊会导致重复劳动、任务遗漏等问题，强调从开始就明确期望。选项A“明确设定目标和职责”作为小标题完美引入该部分。故选A。
2．根据上文“Create an envirnment where team members feel safe t share ideas, ask questins, and vice cncerns withut fear f judgment.(营造一种氛围，让团队成员能够放心地分享想法、提出问题和表达担忧，同时不必担心受到批评)”以及后文“Actively listening t understand different viewpints, rather than just waiting t speak, is crucial fr building trust and finding the best slutins.(积极倾听以理解不同的观点，而非仅仅等待发言，这对于建立信任以及找到最佳解决方案至关重要)”可知，本句是在强调沟通的作用。故C项“有效的沟通是任何强大团队协作体系的基础”最符合语境。故选C。
3．根据后文“New cnflicts as pprtunities t explre different perspectives and imprve utcmes. The gal shuld be t understand the rt cause and find a mutually acceptable reslutin. Fcusing n the issue at hand, nt persnal attacks, and seeking cmmn grund helps the team mve frward psitively.(新的冲突其实也是探索不同观点、改善结果的机会。我们的目标应当是找出根本原因，并找到一个双方都能接受的解决方案。专注于当前的问题，而非进行人身攻击，同时寻求共识，这有助于团队朝着积极的方向前进)”可知，本句直接引入冲突的正面处理方式，承认分歧的存在但强调其建设性，与后文的“机会”和“共同解决”一致。选项E“团队中分歧不可避免，但不一定是破坏性的”作为主题句，有效衔接标题“Address cnflicts cnstructively”(建设性处理冲突)。故选E。
4．根据前文“Recgnize that each member brings unique skills, experiences, and perspectives t the table.(要认识到每位成员都具备独特的技能、丰富的经验和独特的见解)”以及后文“Assigning tasks based n individual strengths nt nly imprves efficiency but als increases engagement and satisfactin.(根据个人优势分配任务不仅能提高效率，还能增强参与度和满意度)”可知，本句是前文的自然延伸，解释了如何将“差异”转化为行动，从而引出后文的“任务分配”。选项F的“differences”指代前文的“unique skills”，逻辑连贯。选项F“有意地探讨并规划这些差异，以最大限度地发挥团队的潜力。”符合语境。故选F。
5．根据前文“Cnstructive feedback, bth n the wrk and the prcess, shuld be encuraged.(应当鼓励对工作内容以及工作过程都给予建设性的反馈)”可知，本句解释定期反馈的好处，代词“This”指代前文的“feedback lps”(反馈循环)，并总结该策略的价值。选项G“这使得团队能快速调整，确保每个人与整体目标保持一致”作为段落结论句，强化了反馈的重要性。故选G。
9.（2026·四川省成都市蓉城名校联盟高三上学期开学联考）
Hw t Transfrm Yurself fr the New Year
Whatever the transfrmatin yu’re aiming fr, determinatin, devtin, and hard wrk will help yu set and achieve it. Yu can define yur gals and create an actin plan fr yurself. 1 .
Set gals
Think abut what yu want t transfrm in a brad sense. This will help yu define what yu want and why yu want it. Once yu have yur verall transfrmatin in mind, break it dwn int a set f mre manageable gals. Getting started with a gal is the hardest part. 2 . It will make them feel mre manageable. Fr example, if yur gal is t get in shape, the first step culd be t get running shes r jin a gym. Research resurces, set dates, and schedule yurself in advance t make sure yu have regular time devted t yur gals.
Wrk twards yur transfrmatin
Ask yurself what yu need t start wrking twards yur gal and get the items as sn as yu can. Dn’t weigh yurself dwn by trying t change everything at nce. Instead, start with yur first, mst manageable gal and get int a steady rutine befre adding mre int the mix. 3 . Ging thrugh them with smene yu trust can give yu strength and mtivatin. He r she may als be able t help find creative slutins.
4
Yu’re mre likely t keep ging when yu can see hw far yu have cme. Try writing dwn yur prgress in a jurnal, r using a visual tl such as a chart r drawing t shw yur prgress. T generate sme publicity fr yurself is anther way t stay n track. Yu can talk t thse clse t yu abut what yu have already accmplished, and what yu still want t d. 5 .
A．Keep yurself mtivated
B．Generate publicity fr yurself
C．As a result, yu may tend t abandn yur gals
D．Yu culd even start a blg r website t share yur jurney
E．Yu’ll likely hit a few challenging mments in pursuit f yur gals
F．By ding s, yu may be able t transfrm yur life in the new year
G．Therefre, yu’d better make yur gals as small as yu need them t be
【答案】1．F 2．G 3．E 4．A 5．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何在新的一年实现自我转变，包括设定目标、朝着目标努力以及保持动力等方面，并针对各方面给出具体方法。
1．根据上文“Whatever the transfrmatin yu’ re aiming fr, determinatin, devtin, and hard wrk will help yu set and achieve it. Yu can define yur gals and create an actin plan fr yurself.(无论你想要实现何种转变，决心、专注和努力都将助你设定并达成目标。你可以为自己明确目标，制定行动计划)”可知，选项起到总结前文并引出下文具体步骤的作用。F选项“通过这样做，你或许能够在新的一年改变你的生活” 符合语境。故选F。
2．根据上文“Getting started with a gal is the hardest part.(从一个目标开始是最困难的部分)” 以及下文 “It will make them feel mre manageable.(这会让它们感觉更容易处理)” 可知，此处应阐述为克服开始的困难，对目标的处理方式，G选项 “因此，你最好把目标设定得尽可能小” 符合语境。故选G。
3．根据下文“Ging thrugh them with smene yu trust can give yu strength and mtivatin.(和你信任的人一起经历这些挑战能给你力量和动力)” 可知，此处应提及会遇到挑战，E选项 “在追求目标的过程中，你可能会遇到一些具有挑战性的时刻” 符合语境，“them” 指代 “challenging mments”，与后文借助他人力量应对挑战相呼应。故选E。
4．根据下文“Yu’ re mre likely t keep ging when yu can see hw far yu have cme.(当你能看到自己已经走了多远时，你更有可能继续前进)” 可知，此段围绕保持动力展开，A选项 “让自己保持动力” 能概括此段，为本段的小标题。故选A。
5．根据上文“T generate sme publicity fr yurself is anther way t stay n track.(为自己制造一些关注度是保持正轨的另一种方式)” 可知，此处应阐述制造关注度的具体方式，D选项“你甚至可以开设一个博客或网站来分享你的历程” 符合语境。故选D。
10.（2026·宁夏银川一中高三上学期第一次月考）
Street art, usually referred t as “public art”, is defined as art n uter surfaces dne with permissin by the cmmunity. 1 . The art frm has evlved ver the decades frm a grass-rts prject t mainstream ppularity.
2 . They were established in public areas t hnr religius and plitical leaders. Thrugh evlutin, the rts f street art shifted t rest in scial and plitical cmments, giving vice t thse ften unheard. In the 20th century, the term evlved t include the art created t speak fr the peple r advance scial and plitical mvements. 3 .
Street art is smetimes a frm f activism (行动主义) that stimulates the imaginatin. 4 . Bringing these images int the classrm and spaces with teens engages them and sparks relevant cnversatins.
Cnversatin flws easily frm admiring images, visiting sites, r participating in the creatin f public art. There is value in analyzing art in yur lcal cmmunity t build cmmunity cnnectins. Befre sharing a piece, briefly research the artist and the name and lcatin f the wrk—r research tgether with teens. 5 . This nt nly prmtes diversity in the arts but als expses yung peple t prfessinal artists wh lk like them and empwers them t explre the arts as a viable career chice.
A．These questins can be replicated with any piece f art
B．It is ften seen n walls f buildings and bridges in urban settings
C．Many artists create bld pieces t draw attentin t ecnmic issues
D．Yunger generatins travel t sites f utdr wrk t engage with the art
E．Try selecting artists f diverse backgrunds whse wrks highlight varius styles
F．Fr instance, there were the early cmmunity murals f the civil rights mvement
G．The rigins f mdern public art were expensive mnuments (纪念碑) and structures at the request f the wealthy
【答案】1．B 2．G 3．F 4．D 5．E
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了街头艺术的定义、起源演变、作为行动主义的形式，以及其对年轻一代的积极影响和促进艺术多样性的作用。
1．上文“Street art, usually referred t as “public art”, is defined as art n uter surfaces dne with permissin by the cmmunity. (街头艺术，通常被称为“公共艺术”，被定义为在社区允许的情况下在外部表面进行的艺术。)”明确给出了街头艺术的定义，即是在社区允许下在外表面进行的艺术。 B选项“It is ften seen n walls f buildings and bridges in urban settings (它经常出现在城市环境中建筑物和桥梁的墙壁上)”，具体说明了街头艺术常见的出现位置，是对上文定义的进一步补充说明，使读者对街头艺术有更直观的认识。故选B。
2．上文整体在阐述街头艺术的发展演变，此空后“They were established in public areas t hnr religius and plitical leaders. (它们被设立在公共区域以纪念宗教和政治领袖。)”，这里“they”指代前面提到的某种艺术形式。G选项“The rigins f mdern public art were expensive mnuments (纪念碑) and structures at the request f the wealthy (现代公共艺术的起源是应富人要求建造的昂贵纪念碑和建筑)”，引出了后文所提到的早期公共艺术形式（纪念碑等），为后文阐述街头艺术根源从纪念碑等向社会政治评论的演变做铺垫，在内容上起到了承上启下的作用。故选G。
3．上文“In the 20th century, the term evlved t include the art created t speak fr the peple r advance scial and plitical mvements. (在20世纪，这个术语演变为包括为人们发声或推动社会和政治运动而创作的艺术。)”说明了20世纪街头艺术内涵的扩展。F选项“Fr instance, there were the early cmmunity murals f the civil rights mvement (例如，民权运动早期的社区壁画)”通过列举民权运动早期的社区壁画这一具体例子，进一步解释和说明了上文提到的为推动社会和政治运动而创作的艺术，让读者更清晰地理解20世纪街头艺术的这一发展特点。故选F。
4．下文“Bringing these images int the classrm and spaces with teens engages them and sparks relevant cnversatins. (把这些图像带到教室里和青少年所在的空间，能吸引他们并引发相关对话。)”强调了将街头艺术相关图像与青少年互动带来的效果。D选项“Yunger generatins travel t sites f utdr wrk t engage with the art (年轻一代前往户外艺术作品所在地与艺术互动)”与下文内容相呼应，都是围绕年轻一代与街头艺术的互动展开，体现了街头艺术对年轻一代的吸引力以及能引发交流的作用，在逻辑上紧密相连。故选D。
5．下文“This nt nly prmtes diversity in the arts but als expses yung peple t prfessinal artists wh lk like them and empwers them t explre the arts as a viable career chice. (这不仅促进了艺术的多样性，还让年轻人接触到和他们相似的专业艺术家，并鼓励他们将艺术作为一种可行的职业选择。)”阐述了某种做法带来的多方面积极影响。E选项“Try selecting artists f diverse backgrunds whse wrks highlight varius styles (尝试选择不同背景的艺术家，他们的作品突出各种风格)”解释了达到下文所描述效果的一种具体方式，即选择不同背景的艺术家，与下文在促进艺术多样性以及让年轻人接触不同艺术家等方面相契合。故选E。
1.【2025全国二卷】Unexpected Benefits f Vlunteering as a Family
Are yu lking fr a way t bring yur family tgether? Hping t find a hbby that can be shared by bth the little nes and adults? 36 Yu may knw the “feel-gd” emtins that cme with helping thers, but there are even mre unexpected ways vlunteering will psitively affect the whle family.
●Yu’ll feel like yu have mre time.
Peple ften feel they are t busy t vlunteer. Yet, research has fund that giving yur time t cmmunity causes actually makes yu feel like yu have mre f it. 37
●Yu can live lnger if yu vlunteer regularly.
38 Washingtn University fund that adults 55 and lder wh vlunteered had better memry and maintained verall health lnger than thers their age. Vlunteers are als mre likely t lk after their wn health and are mre fcused n adding physical activity int their lives.
● 39
Vlunteering during teenage years has been linked t sme majr psitive effects such as imprved grades and increased self-cnfidence. These effects aren’t just shrt-term but have been prved t affect a teen’s well-being in the years t cme.
●Yu’ll have mre time with family.
Families wh vlunteer tgether have the unique experience f wrking tward a cmmn gal. 40 Everyne brings smething unique t the table and can cnnect with each ther in a new way. And, there are tasks fr every age and ability, s all yur children can feel prud f their wrk.
A．Helping the cmmunity lwers rates f depressin.
B．Vlunteering as a family may be just the thing yu need.
C．Vlunteering has a lifelng effect n kids and teenagers.
D．Vlunteering can be the first step in breaking dwn prejudice.
E．Fr adults, vlunteering can prvide significant physical health benefits.
F．Yu may even learn that yur kid has a talent yu didn’t knw abut befre.
G．Vlunteering makes yu feel capable and inspires yu t make the mst f each day.
【答案】36．B 37．G 38．E 39．C 40．F
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍家庭共同参与志愿活动带来的意外好处，包括感觉时间更充裕、促进身体健康、对青少年产生长远积极影响以及增进家庭互动等。
36．根据上文“Are yu lking fr a way t bring yur family tgether? Hping t find a hbby that can be shared by bth the little nes and adults? (你在寻找让家人团聚的方法吗？希望找到一个大人和小孩都能参与的爱好吗)”可知，此处以提问方式引出家庭共同活动的需求，空格处需给出解决方案。B选项“Vlunteering as a family may be just the thing yu need. (全家一起做志愿者可能正是你需要的)”中的“Vlunteering as a family”直接回应“bring yur family tgether”和“shared hbby”，引出下文对家庭志愿活动好处的具体说明，符合语境。故选B项。
37．根据段落主题句“Yu’ll feel like yu have mre time. (你会觉得自己有更多时间)”及上文“Yet, research has fund that giving yur time t cmmunity causes actually makes yu feel like yu have mre f it. (然而，研究发现，把时间投入到社区事业中实际上会让你觉得自己拥有更多时间)”可推知，设空处需解释“感觉时间更多”的原因。G选项“Vlunteering makes yu feel capable and inspires yu t make the mst f each day. (志愿活动让你感觉有能力，并激励你充分利用每一天)”中的“makes yu feel capable”和“inspires yu t make the mst f each day”从心理层面解释了为何志愿活动会让人产生时间更充裕的感觉，与“feel like yu have mre time”形成因果关联。故选G项。
38．根据下文“Washingtn University fund that adults 55 and lder wh vlunteered had better memry and maintained verall health lnger than thers their age. (华盛顿大学研究发现，55 岁及以上的成年人中，参与志愿服务的人群比同龄人拥有更优的记忆力，且能更长久地维持整体健康状态)”可知，本段聚焦志愿活动对成年人身体健康的益处。E选项“Fr adults, vlunteering can prvide significant physical health benefits. (对成年人来说，志愿活动可以带来显著的身体健康益处)”中的“Fr adults”对应“adults 55 and lder”，“physical health benefits”概括了“better memry”和“maintained verall health”，与本段的主题吻合。故选E项。
39．根据下文“Vlunteering during teenage years has been linked t sme majr psitive effects such as imprved grades and increased self-cnfidence. These effects aren’t just shrt-term but have been prved t affect teen’s well-being in the years t cme. (青少年时期参与志愿服务已被证实与一些重要的积极影响相关，例如成绩提升和自信心增强。这些影响并非只是短期的，而是已被证明会在未来数年持续影响青少年的身心健康)”可知，本段主题为志愿活动对青少年的长期影响。C选项“Vlunteering has a lifelng effect n kids and teenagers. (志愿活动对儿童和青少年有终身影响)”中的“lifelng effect”对应“affect teen’s well-being in the years t cme”，“n kids and teenagers”覆盖段落讨论的年龄群体，符合段落主旨。故选C项。
40．根据上文“Families wh vlunteer tgether have the unique experience f wrking tward a cmmn gal. (一起做志愿者的家庭有朝着共同目标努力的独特经历)”及下文“Everyne brings smething unique t the table and can cnnect with each ther in a new way. (每个人都能带来独特的东西，并能以新的方式相互联系)”可推知，设空处需补充家庭志愿活动中成员间的具体互动。F选项“Yu may even learn that yur kid has talent yu didn’t knw abut befre. (你甚至可能会发现你的孩子有你以前不知道的天赋)”中的“learn that yur kid has talent”体现“Everyne brings smething unique”，且“in a new way”对应“发现孩子未知天赋”的新颖体验，衔接上下文。故选F项。
2.【2025浙江1月卷】One f the mst cmmn mistakes in cmmunicatin is trying t d t much. 36 There’s n value in delivering any kind f cmmunicatin, whether written, spken, frmal, r infrmal, if the message desn’t cme acrss clearly. Being clear and brief — while maintaining interest and including everything yur listeners need t knw — is a high-level cmmunicatin skill.
Here are sme tips wrth fllwing in rder t cmmunicate mre effectively.
Keep yur audience in mind.
Yur audience will naturally be mre interested and engaged when yu tailr yur cmmunicatins t their interests. 37 This will engage their desire t understand and interact with the infrmatin.
Dn’t use ten wrds when ne will d.
Even the mst engaged and cmmitted audience will eventually get bred. Keeping yur message simple and clear will make it easier fr peple t understand. 38 Hwever, they’re hearing it fr the first time. Keep it simple.
39
If yu’ve ever wrked as an instructr, manager, trainer r cach, yu’ll knw that there are few better ways t learn new infrmatin than t teach it. Ask the audience t cntribute their ideas r t take a rle in explaining new cncepts and plicies t thers. Allw them t lead discussins and meetings t develp their cmmunicatin skills.
Cnsider the best methd t deliver yur message.
If the infrmatin yu’re cmmunicating isn’t urgent, cnsider sending an email. Written cmmunicatin will give yur audience mre time t review it, think it ver, and fllw up with questins. 40
Building effective cmmunicatin skills takes time, but the effects are wrth the effrt.
A．Be patient.
B．Get the audience invlved.
C．The best messages are ften simple.
D．Speak directly t what matters t them.
E．Yu may be surprised by what yur listeners ffer.
F．It will als give them a handy recrd t refer back t.
G．As the speaker, yu already knw what yu’re ging t say.
【答案】36．C 37．D 38．G 39．B 40．F
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些更有效地进行沟通的技巧。
36．上文“One f the mst cmmn mistakes in cmmunicatin is trying t d t much.(沟通中最常见的错误之一就是试图做得太多)”指出“做得太多”是沟通中易犯的错误，C选项“The best messages are ften simple.(最好的信息往往是简单的)”承接上文，明确正确沟通方法，即不要“做得太多”，要避免复杂，追求简单，句中“simple”与上文“t much”形成对比。故选C项。
37．上文“Yur audience will naturally be mre interested and engaged when yu tailr yur cmmunicatins t their interests.(当你根据受众的兴趣来调整你的沟通内容时，他们自然会更感兴趣、更投入)”强调要迎合受众兴趣，D选项“Speak directly t what matters t them.(直接谈论对他们重要的事情)”进一步说明了具体做法，即直接针对受众关心的事情进行交流，与上文逻辑一致。故选D项。
38．下文“Hwever, they’re hearing it fr the first time.(然而，他们是第一次听到这些)”与设空句之间是转折关系。G选项“As the speaker, yu already knw what yu’re ging t say.(作为演讲者，你已经知道你要说什么了)”与下文构成转折，演讲者自己熟悉内容，但听众是初次接触，同时，句中“what yu’re ging t say”与下文中指示代词“it”构成指代关系，上下文逻辑连贯。故选G项。
39．下文“If yu’ve ever wrked as an instructr, manager, trainer r cach, yu’ll knw that there are few better ways t learn new infrmatin than t teach it. Ask the audience t cntribute their ideas r t take a rle in explaining new cncepts and plicies t thers.(如果你曾经当过导师、经理、培训师或教练，你就会知道，没有比教别人更好的学习新信息的方法了。让听众贡献他们的想法，或者让他们扮演向他人解释新概念和政策的角色)”建议让受众参与其中，B选项“Get the audience invlved.(让受众参与进来)”能概括这部分内容，适合作段首小标题。故选B项。
40．上文“If the infrmatin yu’re cmmunicating isn’t urgent, cnsider sending an email. Written cmmunicatin will give yur audience mre time t review it, think it ver, and fllw up with questins.(如果你传达的信息不紧急，考虑发电子邮件。书面沟通会给你的受众更多时间来复习、思考，并跟进提问)”说明了发邮件这种书面沟通的好处，F选项“It will als give them a handy recrd t refer back t.(它还会给他们提供一个方便查阅的记录)”进一步补充了发邮件的另一个好处，与上文逻辑紧密。故选F项。
3.【2025北京卷】What is adulthd? Scieties all ver the wrld view the cncept f an adult as self-supprting and self-directed, because it identifies a pint in the life cycle.
As Alice Black pints ut, tday’s parents’ fear f letting kids d mre husewrk has added t their inability t feel cmpetent and, thus, cnfident in themselves. Psychlgist Rbert Turner wrte abut this in his bk, The Life Cycle, mentining a stage when kids learn self-directin and mastery. ____35____
But Turner’s ther cycles are just as imprtant. ____36____ If these life cycles are delayed, interrupted, r denied, yu feel incapable f accessing yur states f self, cntrlling unpleasant feelings, and manipulating (操控) the energy that puts tgether the fabric f yur inner wrld.
Turner wisely said that “ding well” psychlgically is being able t rll with the flw f emtins, manage them, cmmunicate clearly and well with thers, and master varius skills. This requires an internal lcus (核心) f cntrl, which implies self-cntrl f yur thughts, feelings, and actins. ____37____ Yu’re self-directed and nt reliant n the wrld t tell yu wh yu are. And yu knw wh yu are within all this.
S, being an adult isn’t just hlding a jb. Being an adult is abut having a rted sense f self while being capable f identifying and managing yur emtins and actins. ____38____ We are a scial species, s this is imprtant.
While raising an adult is a parent’s jb, it’s als ur respnsibility as a sciety t ensure that we supprt schls that nurture (培养) emtinal and identity develpment. ____39____
A. It’s als ur jb t supprt adults wh need help repairing incmplete life cycles.
B. They talk abut smene’s inability t supprt themselves thrugh wrk.
C. It’s being able t shw understanding when cmmunicating with thers.
D. In ther wrds, yu’re playing the game f life — life isn’t playing yu.
E. They teach emtinal awareness and management as well as identity.
F. Yu feel like an 18-year ld, especially when playing 80s music.
G. When this stage is denied it creates a sense f insecurity.
【答案】35. G 36. E 37. D 38. C 39. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要探讨了成年人的定义及其所需具备的特质，并强调了社会在培养成年人方面的责任。
【35题详解】
由上文“As Alice Black pints ut, tday’s parents’ fear f letting kids d mre husewrk has added t their inability t feel cmpetent and, thus, cnfident in themselves. Psychlgist Rbert Turner wrte abut this in his bk, The Life Cycle, mentining a stage when kids learn self-directin and mastery. (正如Alice Black所指出的，如今父母害怕让孩子做更多家务，这加剧了孩子们无法感受到自身的能力，进而也导致他们对自己缺乏自信。心理学家Rbert Turner在他的著作《生命周期》中提到了这一点，他提到了孩子们学习自我指导和掌握技能的阶段。)”可知，本空应强调这个阶段的重要性或缺失这个阶段会带来什么影响。G选项“When this stage is denied it creates a sense f insecurity. (当这个阶段被剥夺时，就会产生一种不安全感。)”符合题意，承接上文，说明了这个阶段被剥夺的后果。故选G。
【36题详解】
由上文“But Turner’s ther cycles are just as imprtant. (但Turner的其他周期也同样重要。)”以及下文“If these life cycles are delayed, interrupted, r denied, yu feel incapable f accessing yur states f self, cntrlling unpleasant feelings, and manipulating (操控) the energy that puts tgether the fabric f yur inner wrld. (如果这些生命周期被延迟、中断或拒绝，你会觉得自己无法进入自我状态，无法控制不愉快的情绪，也无法操控构成你内心世界结构的能量。)”可知，本空应解释它们的重要性体现在哪里。E选项“They teach emtinal awareness and management as well as identity. (它们教授情感意识和管理以及身份认同。)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选E。
【37题详解】
由上文“Turner wisely said that “ding well” psychlgically is being able t rll with the flw f emtins, manage them, cmmunicate clearly and well with thers, and master varius skills. This requires an internal lcus (核心) f cntrl, which implies self-cntrl f yur thughts, feelings, and actins. (Turner明智地指出，从心理上讲，“做得好”就是能够顺应情绪的流动，管理它们，与他人清晰而良好地沟通，并掌握各种技能。这需要一个内部的控制点，这意味着对自己的思想、情感和行动进行自我控制。)”可知，本空应进一步解释这种内部控制点或自我控制的意义。D选项“In ther wrds, yu’re playing the game f life — life isn’t playing yu. (换句话说，你是在玩人生的游戏——而不是人生在玩你。)”能承接上文，符合题意，用比喻的方式解释了内部控制点的意义，即你能够掌控自己的人生，而不是被人生所掌控。故选D。
【38题详解】
由上文“S, being an adult isn’t just hlding a jb. Being an adult is abut having a rted sense f self while being capable f identifying and managing yur emtins and actins. (所以，成为一个成年人不仅仅是拥有一份工作。成为一个成年人意味着拥有一种根深蒂固的自我意识，同时能够识别和管理自己的情绪和行动。)”可知，本空应进一步描述成年人的其他特质或能力。C选项“It’s being able t shw understanding when cmmunicating with thers. (它是在与他人交流时能够表现出理解。)”能承接上文，符合题意，补充了成年人在与他人交流时应具备的能力，即表现出理解。故选C。
【39题详解】
由上文“While raising an adult is a parent’s jb, it’s als ur respnsibility as a sciety t ensure that we supprt schls that nurture (培养) emtinal and identity develpment. (虽然培养一个成年人是父母的工作，但作为社会，我们也有责任确保我们支持那些培养情感和身份发展的学校。)”可知，本空应进一步描述社会在培养成年人方面的其他责任。A选项“It’s als ur jb t supprt adults wh need help repairing incmplete life cycles. (支持那些需要帮助修复不完整生命周期的成年人也是我们的工作。)”能承接上文，符合题意，补充了社会在培养成年人方面的另一项责任，即支持那些需要帮助修复不完整生命周期的成年人。故选A。
4.【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Nt all great writers are great spellers. If yu want t be published, it's vital t submit a perfect, prfessinally presented manuscript (原稿). ____36____ N editr is likely t tlerate a writer wh des nt take the truble t spell wrds crrectly.
I keep tw reference bks clse-by n my desk: dictinary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I dn't trust my laptp's spellchecker. ____37____ Of curse, these days there are plenty f nline dictinaries and thesauruses, but I'm ld-fashined enugh t prefer a hard cver and pages I can leaf thrugh with my fingers. I use the Cncise Oxfrd Dictinary and the Cllins Thesaurus.
____38____ It shuld give yu a precise definitin f each wrd, thus differentiating it frm ther wrds whse meanings are similar, but nt identical. It will als usually shw hw the wrd is prnunced.
In additin, I have an ld tw-vlume cpy f the Shrter Oxfrd Dictinary, picked up a few years ag in a bkshp sale fr just 99 pence. Of curse, with its 2,672 pages, it's nt exactly shrt. It cntains arund 163,000 wrds, plus wrd cmbinatins and idimatic phrases. ____39____ Hwever, if I need t check the rigin f a wrd r t lk up examples f its usage, there's nthing better.
Fr well ver a hundred years the mst influential English dictinary was Samuel Jhnsn's Dictinary f the English Language published in 1755. "T make dictinaries is dull (乏味) wrk," wrte Jhnsn, illustrating ne definitin f "dull". ____40____ A few minutes spent casting yur eye ver a page r tw can be a rewarding experience.
A. I dn't ften use this dictinary.
B. It takes n accunt f the cntext.
C. But I still dn't want t replace them.
D. But a dictinary can be a pleasure t read.
E. Of curse, a dictinary is nt nly fr spelling.
F. That means gd grammar and n spelling mistakes.
G. Dictinaries dn't always give yu enugh infrmatin.
【答案】36. F 37. B 38. E 39. A 40. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者使用英语词典的经验和心得以及从中获得的乐趣。
【36题详解】
上文“If yu want t be published, it’s vital t submit a perfect, prfessinally presented manuscript(如果你想发表，提交一份完美的、专业的手稿是至关重要的)”提到了完美的、专业的手稿的重要性，手稿中不能有语法和拼写错误是专业的手稿的要求之一。F选项“That means gd grammar and n spelling mistakes.(这意味着语法正确，没有拼写错误。)”是对手稿要求的进一步解释说明，符合题意。故选F项。
【37题详解】
上文“I dn’t trust my laptp’s spellchecker.(我不相信我笔记本电脑的拼写检查器。)”提到了作者不相信电脑的拼写检查器;下文“Of curse, these days there are plenty f nline dictinaries and thesauruses, but I’m ld-fashined enugh t prefer a hard cver and pages I can leaf thrugh with my fingers.(当然，现在有很多在线词典和同义词库，但我是一个守旧的人，更喜欢精装的书和能用手指翻阅的书页。)”提到了作者更喜欢实体书和能用手指翻阅的书页，说明电子设备可能不会考虑上下文，所以B选项“It takes n accunt f the cntext.(它不考虑上下文。)”解释了上文的原因，具有承上启下的作用。故选B项。
【38题详解】
下文“It shuld give yu a precise definitin f each wrd, thus differentiating it frm ther wrds whse meanings are similar, but nt identical. It will als usually shw hw the wrd is prnunced.(它应该给出每个单词的精确定义，从而将其与其他含义相似但不相同的单词区分开来。它通常还会显示单词的发音。)”提到了字典的功能，E选项“Of curse, a dictinary is nt nly fr spelling.(当然，字典不仅仅是用来拼写的。)”提到了字典的部分功能，能引起下文内容。故选E项。
【39题详解】
下文“Hwever, if I need t check the rigin f a wrd r t lk up examples f its usage, there’s nthing better.(然而，如果我需要检查一个单词的来源或查找其用法的例子，没有什么比这更好的了。)”提到了字典的使用情况，A选项“I dn’t ften use this dictinary.(我不经常用这本字典。)”是对字典使用频率的说明，与下文构成转折关系。故选A项。
【40题详解】
上文“ “T make dictinaries is dull (乏味) wrk, ” wrte Jhnsn, illustrating ne definitin f ”dull".(约翰逊在解释“dull”的一个定义时写道：“编字典是件无聊的工作(乏味)。”)”提到了编写字典是件乏味的工作，下文“A few minutes spent casting yur eye ver a page r tw can be a rewarding experience.(花几分钟的时间浏览一两页是一种有益的体验。)”提到浏览字典也是一种阅读的乐趣，D选项“But a dictinary can be a pleasure t read.(但是一本字典读起来是一种乐趣。)”是作者对字典的评价，与上文的“乏味”形成对比，与上文构成转折关系。故选D项。
5.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Overturism Is Fr Real: Hw Can Yu Help?
Travel prmtes understanding, expands ur minds, makes us better peple, and bsts lcal ecnmies and cmmunities, but the rapid grwth f travel has led t verturism in certain regins and destinatins. ___16___ Certainly nt. The lss f what travel ffers wuld be unacceptable in tday’s wrld. Here are sme tips n making wise decisins t minimize pressure n the places we visit and imprve ur experience.
●Chse mindfully. Overvisited destinatins are that way fr a reasn: they’re special. With s many nline psts featuring the same places, it’s easy t feel like yu’re missing ut. G smewhere nly when the landscape, culture r fd deeply draws yu. ___17___
●Get creative. The best way t ease pressure n ver-turisted destinatins is t g smewhere else. Thugh verturism is described as a prblem affecting the entire wrld, it’s actually cncentrated t a small number f extremely ppular spts. That means yu have tns f less-visited ptins t chse frm. ___18___ Why nt try a reginal alternative r check ut a ppular destinatin’s lesser-knwn sights?
● ___19___ Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping majr hlidays r rush hur. Yu’ll cmpete with fewer turists, save mney, experience a different side f a ppular place, and bst the ecnmy when turism is traditinally slwer.
Visiting a place that thers call hme is a privilege(荣幸). D yur part t preserve what makes a destinatin special in the first place. ___20___ Yu may be amazed hw much clser yu’ll feel t the peple there.
A. Visit during ff-peak times.
B. S, shuld we stp traveling?
C. Travel fr yu and n ne else.
D. Can verturism be avided then?
E. Yu can still find relatively undiscvered places.
F. Yu’ll find yurself virtually alne, r clse t it.
G. Cnsider giving back t the cmmunities yu’re visiting.
【答案】16. B 17. C 18. E 19. A 20. G
【解析】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了如何避免“过度旅游”的现象。
【16题详解】
前文“Travel prmtes understanding, expands ur minds, makes us better peple, and bsts lcal ecnmies and cmmunities, but the rapid grwth f travel has led t verturism in certain regins and destinatins.(旅游促进理解，扩展我们的思想，使我们成为更好的人，促进当地经济和社区，但旅游业的快速发展导致了某些地区和目的地的过度旅游)”表明旅游带来了一些问题，后文“The lss f what travel ffers wuld be unacceptable in tday’s wrld.(在当今世界，失去旅行所能提供的东西将是不可接受的)”表示不能失去旅行，结合后文“Certainly nt.(当然不)”可知，空处提问能否停止旅行，D选项“那么，我们应该停止旅行吗？”符合语境。故选B。
【17题详解】
前文“Overvisited destinatins are that way fr a reasn: they’re special. With s many nline psts featuring the same places, it’s easy t feel like yu’re missing ut. G smewhere nly when the landscape, culture r fd deeply draws yu.(游客过多的目的地是有原因的：它们很特别。网上有这么多关于同一个地方的帖子，很容易让你觉得你错过了。只有当风景、文化或食物深深吸引你时，才去某个地方)”表明不要跟风旅游，C选项“为你而不是其他人旅行”表明要关注自己在旅行时的感受，忠实自己的感受，不用管其余的建议，符合语境。故选C。
【18题详解】
前文“That means yu have tns f less-visited ptins t chse frm.(这意味着你有很多不太受欢迎的选择)及后文“Why nt try a reginal alternative r check ut a ppular destinatin’s lesser-knwn sights?( 为什么不尝试一个地区性的选择，或者看看一个热门目的地不太为人所知的景点呢)”提出建议，可以选择一些冷门的景点，E选项“你仍然可以找到相对未被发现的地方”语境一致。故选E。
【19题详解】
空处为小标题，根据后文“Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping majr hlidays r rush hur.(通过跳过重大节假日或高峰时间来最小化影响并最大化体验)”表示旅游时要注意避开高峰期，选择合适的时间，A选项“在非高峰时间参观”概括本段内容。故选A。
【20题详解】
前文“D yur part t preserve what makes a destinatin special in the first place.(尽你的一份力，从一开始就保护一个目的地的特别之处)”表明旅游时应保护旅游景点，后文“Yu may be amazed hw much clser yu’ll feel t the peple there.(你可能会惊讶地发现你和那里的人感觉如此亲近)”表示这样做的感受，G选项“考虑回馈你所访问的社区”承上启下，符合语境。故选G。
6.【2024全国甲卷】What is mderatin (适度)? Basically, it means eating nly as much fd as yur bdy needs. Yu shuld feel satisfied at the end f a meal, but nt t full. ____16____ But it desn't mean saying gdbye t the fds yu lve.
Take yur time. It's imprtant t slw dwn and think abut fd as smething nutritius rather than just smething t eat in between meetings. ____17____ It actually takes a few minutes fr yur brain t tell yur bdy that it has had enugh fd, s eat slwly and stp eating befre yu feel full.
Eat with thers whenever pssible. Eating alne, “specially in frnt f the TV r cmputer, ften leads t mindless vereating. And be careful abut the fds yu keep at hand. It's mre challenging t eat in mderatin if yu have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like ckies. ____18____
Cntrl emtinal (情绪的) eating. ____19____ Many f us als turn t fd t deal with unpleasant emtins such as sadness, lneliness, r bredm. But by learning healthier ways t manage emtins, yu can regain cntrl ver the fd yu eat and yur feelings.
____20____ A healthy breakfast can start yur metablism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals keeps yur energy up all day. Avid eating late at night. Try t eat dinner earlier and fast fr 14 — 16 hurs until breakfast the next mrning. Studies suggest that eating nly when yu're mst active and giving yur digestive system a lng break each day may help t regulate weight.
A. Eat prperly thrughut the day.
B. We dn't always eat just t satisfy hunger.
C. Dn't swallw a meal n the way t wrk.
D. Mst f us need t duble the amunt we eat.
E. Instead, surrund yurself with healthy chices.
F. Fr many f us, mderatin means eating less than we d nw.
G. That wn't lead t cheating r giving up n yur new eating plan.
【答案】16. F 17. C 18. E 19. B 20. A
【解析】
【16题详解】
上文“Basically, it means eating nly as much fd as yur bdy needs, Yu shuld feel satisfied at the end f a meal, but nt t full. (基本上，它意味着只吃你身体需要的食物，你应该在用餐结束时感到满足，但不要太饱)”指出，进餐时不要吃太饱，吃东西要适量。下文“But it desn’t mean saying gdbye t the fds yu lve. (但这并不意味着要告别你喜欢的食物)”指出，适量进食不是要放弃吃自己喜欢的食物。F项“对我们许多人来说，节制意味着比现在少吃。”解释了何为适量进食。承上启下，符合文意，选项中的“means”与下文一致。故选F项。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Take yur time. It’s imprtant t slw dwn and think abut fd as smething nutritius rather than just smething t eat in between meetings. (慢慢来。放慢脚步，把食物看作是有营养的东西，而不仅仅是会议间隙吃的东西，这一点很重要)”可推知，本段主要建议读者吃东西要细嚼慢咽，不要过于急躁。C项“上班路上不要狼吞虎咽。”承接上文。符合文意。故选C项。
【18题详解】
上文“It’s mre challenging t eat in mderatin if yu have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like ckies. (如果你已经准备好了不健康的零食，比如饼干，那么适量食用就更具挑战性了。)”指出，吃不健康的食物不利于适度饮食，E项“相反，你应该选择健康的食物。”符合文意，建议读者选择健康的食物。选项中的“healthy”与上文中的“unhealthy”相对应。故选E项。
【19题详解】
根据本段首句“Cntrl emtinal (情绪的) eating. (控制情绪化进食)”以及下文“Many f us als turn t fd t deal with unpleasant emtins such as sadness, lneliness, r bredm.(我们中的许多人也会求助于食物来处理不愉快的情绪，如悲伤、孤独或无聊)”可推知，本段主要建议读者不要情绪化的进行暴饮暴食，要进行健康饮食。B项“我们吃东西并不总是为了充饥。”指出有些人吃东西并不总是为了充饥，引出下文有些人通过食物发泄情绪，符合语境。故选B项。
【20题详解】
设空处位于段首，总结全段，下文“A healthy breakfast can start yur metablism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals keeps yur energy up all day, Avid eating late at night. Try t eat dinner earlier and fast fr 14 — 16 hurs until breakfast the next mrning. (健康的早餐可以启动你的新陈代谢，而吃少量健康的食物可以让你一整天都精力充沛，避免在深夜进食。尽量早点吃晚饭，禁食14 — 16个小时，直到第二天早上吃早餐。)”指出，我们在一天中的每个时间段都要健康饮食。A项“一整天都要适当饮食。”符合语境。故选A项。
7.【2024北京卷】If yu want t develp maximum credibility (可信性), is it better t be a hedgehg (刺猬) r a fx? Accrding t Isaiah Berlin, the hedgehg knws ne thing very well, and the fx knws a lt f things.
Is there a clear advantage f ne style ver the ther? Hedgehg thinkers tend t answer yes. ___35___ And they are usually very credible in ding s. Accrding t Jim Hart, the “hedgehg cncept” is ne f the factrs that lead cmpanies t greatness. They fcus n ne thing and d it really well. They figure ut what they are gd at. ___36___ The hedgehg cncept makes perfect sense fr cmpanies.
___37___ Philip Tate has studied the track recrds f thse flks n the Sunday talk shws wh make predictins abut what will happen. He has fund that hedgehgs are nt nly wrng mre ften than fxes, but that they are less likely t recgnise r admit that they are wrng when events d nt match their predictins.
The advantage that. fxes have is that they are mre likely t seek ut new infrmatin frm a brader range f surces, and are cmfrtable with uncertainty and new infrmatin. ___38___ They try t include it in their viewpint rather than t exclude it frm their thinking. They als have a clearer estimatin f what they knw and dn’t knw.
S, which is better? The questin can be answered in a fxy hedgehg style. ___39___ The chice between being a hedgehg r a fx is a false trade-ff. The mst effective way t g thrugh life is t try t be that rare mixture knwn as fxy hedgehg.
A. In ther wrds, there are clear advantages fr each.
B. They are mre likely t remember peple’s mistakes.
C. Hence, they have the advantage f clarity and cnfidence.
D. But there can be a dwnside t cncentratin n ne big thing.
E. Hwever, hedgehgs remain pen t thers’ reactins and inputs.
F. When smething is cntradictry t their view, they dn’t treat it as exceptinal.
G. They cme dwn squarely n ne side r the ther and fully supprt their psitin.
【答案】35. G 36. C 37. D 38. F 39. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了拥有“刺猬”型思维方式和“狐狸”型思维方式的两类人对于个人和企业建立信誉度的优劣势。
【35题详解】
根据上文“Hedgehg thinkers tend t answer yes.(拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人倾向于给出肯定的答案)” 可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人倾向于给出肯定的答案，G项中They 指代上文中的Hedgehg，G项“他们明确地站在一边或另一边，并全力支持自己的立场”说明拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人往往有明确的立场，承接上文，符合语境。故选G。
【36题详解】
根据上文“They fcus n ne thing and d it really well. They figure ut what they are gd at. (他们专注于一件事并把它做得很好。他们知道自己擅长什么)”可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人具备优点，他们可以专注于一件事并知道自己擅长什么。C项“因此，他们的优势是（头脑）清楚和自信”进一步说明拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人的优点，承接上文，符合语境。故选C。
【37题详解】
根据下文“He has fund that hedgehgs are nt nly wrng mre ften than fxes, but that they are less likely t recgnise r admit that they are wrng when events d nt match their predictins. (他发现，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人不仅比拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人更容易出错，而且当事情与他们的预测不相符时他们不太可能意识到，也不太可能承认自己错了)”可知，此处介绍拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人的缺点。D项“但是，把注意力集中在一件大事上可能会有不利的一面” 引出下文，介绍拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人具备缺点，符合语境。故选D。
【38题详解】
根据上文“The advantage that fxes have is that they are mre likely t seek ut new infrmatin frm a brader range f surces, and are cmfrtable with uncertainty and new infrmatin. (“狐狸”型思维方式的人的优势在于，他们更有可能从更广泛的来源中寻找新信息，并且对不确定性和新信息感到舒适)”和下文“They try t include it in their viewpint rather than t exclude it frm their thinking. (他们试图将其纳入自己的观点，而不是将其排除在自己的思维之外)”可知，此处介绍拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人处理事情的方式。F项“当某件事与他们的观点相矛盾时，他们不会把它当作例外”承上启下，符合语境。故选F。
【39题详解】
根据上文“The questin can be answered in a fxy hedgehg style. (这个问题可以用“像狐狸的刺猬”风格来回答)”和下文“The chice between being a hedgehg r a fx is a false trade-ff. (成为拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人还是拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人的选择是一种错误的权衡)”可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人和拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人各有优势。A项“换句话说，两者都有其明显的优势”承上启下，符合语境。故选A。
8.【2024浙江1月卷】In the past few years, nline learning has becme a significant part f the university and cllege experience. ___16___ But are all nline curses created equal? Hw can yu be sure that digital learning is right fr yu? ___17___
We interviewed students and prfessrs t get their advice abut nline curses, The mst bvius advantage f nline learning is that yu can study anywhere and anytime. ___18___ “I think a pint that many peple lse sight f is hw easy it can be t fall behind schedule,” says graduate student Amanda Bindman. Befre chsing t study nline, cnsider whether yu’re a self-mtivated learner and if the material seems interesting enugh t keep yu ging.
The tip that cmes up mst ften is simple: build nline curses int yur weekly schedule, just like what yu wuld d with in persn curses. ___19___ He nted that his nline students usually end up with lwer grades. It is s easy t let an nline curse slide, but yur grades will suffer as a result. Be sure t schedule set times t watch yur lectures, read materials and cntribute t nline discussin bards.
___20___ A scial cnnectin is ften a big part f learning. There are things yu can d t ease this prblem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking nline curses with a friend, s yu can mtivate each ther t stay n track. Yu can als find students n the class discussin bard t rganize a study grup, r schedule in-persn meeting s with yur prfessr t discuss curse cncepts.
A. But that desn’t mean there aren’t deadlines.
B. Yur mtivatin shuld be yur main cncern.
C. D yu knw that nline curses are als part f yur educatin?
D. Prfessr Alex Davidsn teaches the same curse in persn and nline.
E. The chief cmplain t abut nline curses is that they lack human interactin.
F. If yu take an nline curse, what can yu d t ensure the best pssible grade?
G. A survey fund that 29 percent f cllege students registered fr nline curses.
【答案】16. G 17. F 18. A 19. D 20. E
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在线学习的注意事项。
【16题详解】
由上文“In the past few years, nline learning has becme a significant part f the university and cllege experience. (在过去的几年里，在线学习已经成为大学生活的重要组成部分)”可知，在线学习对大学生活很重要，本空要说跟“这种现象的具体表现”有关的话题，故G选项“A survey fund that 29 percent f cllege students registered fr nline curses. (一项调查发现，29%的大学生注册了在线课程。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选G。
【17题详解】
由上文“If yu take an nline curse, what can yu d t ensure the best pssible grade? (但是所有的在线课程都是平等的吗？你如何确定数字化学习适合你？)”可知，上文对在线课程提出疑问，本空可以继续提出疑问，故F选项“If yu take an nline curse, what can yu d t ensure the best pssible grade? (如果你参加了在线课程，你能做些什么来确保尽可能好的成绩？)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。
【18题详解】
由上文“The mst bvius advantage f nline learning is that yu can study anywhere and anytime. (在线学习最明显的优势是你可以随时随地学习)”可知，在线学习具备的优势是可以让你随时随地学习，本空要说跟“学习时间”有关的话题，故A选项“But that desn’t mean there aren’t deadlines. (但这并不意味着没有最后期限。)”与上文构成转折关系，that指代上一句话，符合题意。故选A。
【19题详解】
由下文“He nted that his nline students usually end up with lwer grades. (他指出，他的在线学生最终的成绩通常较低)”可知，本空要说跟“在线老师”有关的话题，故D选项“Prfessr Alex Davidsn teaches the same curse in persn and nline. (Alex Davidsn教授亲自授课和在线授课)”能引起下文，下文中的He指代D项中的“Alex Davidsn教授”，符合题意。故选D。
【20题详解】
由下文“A scial cnnectin is ften a big part f learning. There are things yu can d t ease this prblem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking nline curses with a friend, s yu can mtivate each ther t stay n track. Yu can als find students n the class discussin bard t rganize a study grup, r schedule in-persn meeting s with yur prfessr t discuss curse cncepts. (社会关系通常是学习的重要组成部分。你可以做一些事情来缓解这个问题。本科生杰西卡·平克建议和朋友一起参加在线课程，这样你们就可以互相激励，坚持下去。你也可以在课堂讨论板上找到学生，组织一个学习小组，或者安排与教授面对面的会议，讨论课程概念)”可知，本空要说跟“人们之间的互动”有关的话题，故E选项“The chief cmplain t abut nline curses is that they lack human interactin. (对在线课程的主要抱怨是它们缺乏人与人之间的互动。)”能引起下文，符合题意。故选E。
9.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Persnal Frgiveness
Taking respnsibility fr mistakes is a psitive step, but dn’t beat yurself up abut them. T err (犯错) is human. ____16____ Yu can use the fllwing writing exercise t help yu d this.
In a jurnal r n a piece f paper, put the heading “Persnal strengths.” ____17____ Are yu caring? Creative? Generus? A gd listener? Fun t be arund? They dn’t have t be wrld-changing, just aspects f yur persnality that yu’re prud f.
At the tp f a secnd page, put the heading “Acts f kindness.” On this ne, list all the psitive things yu’ve dne fr thers. It might be the time when yu helped a friend with their hmewrk, when yu did the irning withut being asked, r when yu baked ckies after the family had had a tiring day. ____18____
Yu culd ask a friend r family member t help add t yur list. ____19____ That way, yu culd exchange thughts n what makes each f yu special and the aspects f yur persnality that shine thrugh. In fact, dn’t wait until yu’ve made a mistake t try this—it’s a great way t bst self-cnfidence at any time.
It’s smething f a cliché (陈词滥调) that mst peple learn nt frm their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. ____20____ We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a psitive way t develp and grw.
A. A little self-frgiveness als ges a lng way.
B. Nw list all the characteristics yu like abut yurself.
C. They might even like t have a g at ding the exercise.
D. It’s just as imprtant t shw yurself sme frgiveness.
E. It desn’t mean yu have t ignre what’s happened r frget it.
F. Whatever it is, n matter hw small it might seem, write it dwn.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect f yur persnality.
【答案】16. D 17. B 18. F 19. C 20. G
【解析】本文为一篇说明文。文章鼓励人们练习自我宽恕，并提供了一个简单的写作练习来增强自信。通过列出个人的优点和善良的行为，人们可以学会原谅自己的错误，并从中成长。
【16题详解】
根据空前内容“Taking respnsibility fr mistakes is a psitive step, but dn’t beat yurself up abut them. T err (犯错) is human.(为错误承担责任是积极的一步，但不要因此而自责。人孰能无过。)”可知，作者认为人都会犯错，勇于承担责任固然重要，但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后“Yu can use the fllwing writing exercise t help yu d this.(你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点。)”中的“d this”以及下文内容可推断，空处应该内容和“不要太自责”相似。选项D“It’s just as imprtant t shw yurself sme frgiveness.(宽恕自己也同样重要。)”与“不要太自责”语意相近，起承上启下的作用。故选D。
【17题详解】
根据空前内容“In a jurnal r n a piece f paper, put the heading “Persnal strengths. ”(在日记或纸上写上“个人优点”。)”以及空后内容“Are yu caring? Creative? Generus? A gd listener? Fun t be arund? They dn’t have t be wrld-changing, just aspects f yur persnality that yu’re prud f.(你有爱心吗？有创造力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行。)”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项B“Nw list all the characteristics yu like abut yurself.(现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点。)”符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释那些是优点。故选B。
【18题详解】
根据上文内容“At the tp f a secnd page, put the heading “Acts f kindness.” On this ne, list all the psitive things yu’ve dne fr thers. It might be the time when yu helped a friend with their hmewrk, when yu did the irning withut being asked, r when yu baked ckies after the family had had a tiring day.(在第二页的顶部，写上“善举”的标题。在这张单子上，列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作业的时候，当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候，或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。选项F“Whatever it is, n matter hw small it might seem, write it dwn.(不管是什么，不管它看起来有多小，都要把它写下来。)”与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。故选F。
【19题详解】
根据空后内容“That way, yu culd exchange thughts n what makes each f yu special and the aspects f yur persnality that shine thrugh.(这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个性中闪光的方面。)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项C“They might even like t have a g at ding the exercise.(他们甚至可能想试一试做练习。)”符合语境，C项中的“they”与空前的“Yu culd ask a friend r family member t help add t yur list.(你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“a friend r family member”保持一致，同时选项C和下文“In fact, dn’t wait until yu’ve made a mistake t try this—it’s a great way t bst self-cnfidence at any time.(事实上，不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法。)”中的“this”一致。故选C。
【20题详解】
根据空前内容“It’s smething f a cliché (陈词滥调) that mst peple learn nt frm their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true.(大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习，而是从他们的错误中学习，这是陈词滥调。但事实是，这是真的。)”可知，作者认为人是从错误中学习。选项G“Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect f yur persnality.(不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面。)”符合语境，G项中的“isn’t a fixed aspect f yur persnality”和空后内容“We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a psitive way t develp and grw.(我们一直在改变和学习，错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方式。)”保持一致，指的都是犯错并不是性格中固有的一面，我们是通过错误来成长。故选G。
10.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】As an artist wh shares her jurney n scial media, I’m ften asked by curius fllwers hw t begin an art jurney. Unfrtunately, there is n magic list I can ffer. I d remember, thugh, what it was like t be a cmplete beginner. S I’ve put tgether sme gd tips fr starting an art jurney.
·Start small. I suggest using a sketchbk (素描本) fr small studies. These small studies prvide inspiratin and may be a springbard fr mre cmplex wrks in the future. ___16___ Yu’ll want t lk back n yur jurney t see hw far yu’ve cme.
·Paint ften and paint frm life. There’s n better way t imprve than t put in thse brush miles. Whether yu paint still lifes, prtraits, r landscapes, paint frm life as much as pssible. ___17___
·Cntinually challenge yurself t try smething new. ___18___ Artistic grwth can be a bit painful. Welcme t the club；we’ve all been there. I lve taking n challenges. I nce tk up a challenge t create a painting every day fr a mnth and pst the wrks nline.
·___19___ Seeking and accepting cnstructive feedback (反馈) is crucial t grwth. I pst my wrk n scial media and, in turn, have met sme f the kindest peple. They make me feel valued and respected, n matter my level f artistic ability.
The jurney yu’re n wn’t fllw a straight path. ___20___ Push thrugh, give it time and put in the effrt. Yu will harvest the rewards f an artistic life.
A. Get ut f yur cmfrt zne.
B. Make career plans and set gals.
C. Dn’t thrw away yur beginner art.
D. Share yur wrk if yu feel cmfrtable ding s.
E. Yu’ll hit radblcks, and yu’ll feel discuraged at times.
F. Evaluate yur perfrmance and, if needed, redefine yur rle.
G. Yu’ll develp that painting muscle memry that nly cmes with repetitin.
【答案】16. C 17. G 18. A 19. D 20. E
【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了了一些开始艺术之旅的好建议。
【16题详解】
根据前文“Start small. I suggest using a sketchbk (素描本) fr small studies. These small studies prvide inspiratin and may be a springbard fr mre cmplex wrks in the future. (从小开始。我建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践。这些小的学习和实践可以提供灵感，并成为未来更复杂的作品的跳板)”以及后文“Yu’ll want t lk back n yur jurney t see hw far yu’ve cme. (你会想要回顾一下自己的艺术之旅，看看自己已经取得多少进步)”可知，空处应是一个过渡句，从给出建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践，到回顾自己的艺术之旅，所以C项“Dn’t thrw away yur beginner art. (不要扔掉你的初学时的艺术作品)”符合文意，和后文形成顺承关系。故选C项。
【17题详解】
分析设空处，位于段尾，是对本段的总结，根据前文“Paint ften and paint frm life. There’s n better way t imprve than t put in thse brush miles. Whether yu paint still lifes, prtraits, r landscapes, paint frm life as much as pssible. (经常作画，且从生活中作画。没有什么比不断练习更能提高你的艺术水平了。无论你是绘制静物、肖像还是风景，都要尽可能地从真实生活中去观察和绘制)”可知，本段主要讲述不断练习绘画，所以G项“Yu’ll develp that painting muscle memry that nly cmes with repetitin. (你会逐渐形成只有通过反复练习才能获得的绘画肌肉记忆)”是对前文的总结。故选G项。
【18题详解】
分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“Cntinually challenge yurself t try smething new. (不断挑战自己，尝试新事物)”以及后文“Artistic grwth can be a bit painful. (艺术的成长可能会有点痛苦)”可知，A项“Get ut f yur cmfrt zne. (走出你的舒适区)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选A项。
【19题详解】
分析设空处，位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“Seeking and accepting cnstructive feedback (反馈) is crucial t grwth. I pst my wrk n scial media and, in turn, have met sme f the kindest peple. They make me feel valued and respected, n matter my level f artistic ability. (寻求并接受有建设性的反馈对于你的成长非常重要。我在社交媒体上发布我的作品，并因此结识了一些最友好的人。无论我的艺术水平如何，他们都让我感到受到了重视和尊重)”可知，本段主要讲述了是分享自己的作品，所以D项“Share yur wrk if yu feel cmfrtable ding s. (如果你感觉舒适的话，分享你的作品)”符合文意，是本段的中心句。故选D项。
【20题详解】
分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“The jurney yu’re n wn’t fllw a straight path. (你的旅程不会是一条笔直的道路)”以及后文“Push thrugh, give it time and put in the effrt. Yu will harvest the rewards f an artistic life. (坚持下去，给它时间，付出努力。你将收获艺术生活的回报)”可知，E项“Yu’ll hit radblcks, and yu’ll feel discuraged at times. (你会遇到障碍，有时你会感到气馁)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选E项。
11.【2023年全国乙卷】Indr plants might lk as if they just sit arund nt ding much, but in many ways they are the unsung heres f the hme. ____16____, but studies have shwn that they can prmte peple’s wellbeing by imprving their md (心情), reducing stress and helping their memry. What’s mre, indr plants are easy t lk after and are nt very expensive.
What are indr plants?
Indr plants, als knwn as huseplants r pt plants, are plants that like t grw indrs. Many f these species (物种) are nt ideally suited t grwing utside in the UK, especially in the winter. ____17____.
Why are indr plants gd fr yu?
Will Spelstra, wh wrks at the Ryal Btanic Gardens, says, “____18____. I find during the winter mnths, plants arund the huse can really lift yur md.” Several studies have backed this up and fund that indr plants can imprve creativity, fcus and memry. There is als research shwing that pt plants can clean the air arund them by remving harmful gases, such as carbn dixide. They als remve sme harmful chemicals frm paints r cking. ____19____.
Which plants can yu grw?
Ale vera, peace lilies and spider plants are sme f the species that are easy t grw indrs. Yu can buy plants frm supermarkets, garden centres r nline. Yunger plants are ften cheaper than fully grwn nes, and yu get t care fr them as they mature — which is part f the jy f wning plants. “____20____,” Spelstra says. “It can bring a new interest and fcus int peple’s lives and help t make the link between hme and nature.”
A. All plants are different
B. Nt nly d they lk beautiful
C. There are many benefits t grwing plants indrs
D. Instead, they grw better inside, where it is warmer
E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tngue are amng the best
F. Changing the pt f yur plant frm time t time will als help
G. Learning abut the requirements f each plant can be very rewarding
【答案】16. B 17. D 18. C 19. E 20. G
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是室内植物、室内植物带来的好处及你能种植哪些室内植物。
【16题详解】
根据下文“but studies have shwn that they can prmte peple’s wellbeing by imprving their md (心情), reducing stress and helping their memry.(而且研究表明，它们可以通过改善情绪、减轻压力和帮助增强记忆力来促进人们的健康)”可知，此处与下文是递进关系，构成nt nly…but“不仅……而且……”结构。由此可知，B. Nt nly d they lk beautiful(它们不仅看起来很漂亮)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选B。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Many f these species (物种) are nt ideally suited t grwing utside in the UK, especially in the winter.(这些品种中的许多都不适合在英国户外生长，尤其是在冬天)”可知，有些植物不适合在户外寒冷的环境中生长，即适合在温暖的地方生长。由此可知，D. Instead, they grw better inside, where it is warmer(相反，它们在温暖的室内生长得更好)能够承接上文，符合语境。故选D。
【18题详解】
根据下文“I find during the winter mnths, plants arund the huse can really lift yur md.(我发现在冬天的几个月里，房子周围的植物真的能提升你的情绪)”可知，室内植物对人有好处。由此可知，C. There are many benefits t grwing plants indrs(在室内种植植物有很多好处)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选C。
【19题详解】
根据上文“There is als research shwing that pt plants can clean the air arund them by remving harmful gases, such as carbn dixide. They als remve sme harmful chemicals frm paints r cking.(也有研究表明，盆栽植物可以通过去除二氧化碳等有害气体来净化周围的空气。它们还能去除油漆或烹饪中的一些有害化学物质)”可知，盆栽植物能够清除有害物质。由此可知，E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tngue are amng the best(像和平百合和魔芋之类的植物是最好的)能够承接上文，列举了在这方面做的最好的植物，符合语境。故选E。
【20题详解】
根据上文“Yunger plants are ften cheaper than fully grwn nes, and yu get t care fr them as they mature-which is part f the jy f wning plants.(年轻的植物通常比成熟的植物便宜，而且你可以在它们成熟时照顾它们——这是拥有植物的乐趣之一)”可知，不同的植物需求是不同的。由此可知，G. Learning abut the requirements f each plant can be very rewarding(了解每种植物的需求是非常有益的)能够承接上文，同时引起下文，下文“It can bring a new interest and fcus int peple’s lives and help t make the link between hme and nature.”(它可以为人们的生活带来新的兴趣和焦点，并有助于建立家庭与自然之间的联系。)”具体介绍了了解每种植物的需求的好处。故选G。
12.【2023年全国甲卷】Tricks T Becming A Patient Persn
Here’s a riddle: What d traffic jams, lng lines and waiting fr a vacatin t start all have in cmmn? There is ne answer. ___16___.
In the Digital Age, we’re used t having what we need immediately and right at ur fingertips. Hwever, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’d be a whle lt better ff. Here are several tricks.
●Practice gratitude (感激)
Thankfulness has a lt f benefits: Research shws it makes us happier, less stressed and even mre ptimistic. ___17___. “Shwing thankfulness can fster self-cntrl,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University f Califrnia.
● Make yurself wait
Instant gratificatin (满足) may seem like the mst “feel gd” ptin at the time, but psychlgy research suggests waiting fr things actually makes us happier in the lng run. And the nly way fr us t get int the habit f waiting is t practice. ___18___. Put ff watching yur favrite shw until the weekend r wait 10 extra minutes befre ging fr that cake. Yu’ll sn find that the mre patience yu practice, the mre yu start t apply it t ther, mre annying situatins.
● ___19___.
S many f us have the belief that being cmfrtable is the nly state we will tlerate, and when we experience smething utside f ur cmfrt zne, we get impatient abut the circumstances. Yu shuld learn t say t yurself, “___20___.” Yu’ll then gradually becme mre patient.
A. Find yur causes
B. Start with small tasks
C. Accept the uncmfrtable
D. All this adds up t a state f hurry
E. It can als help us practice mre patience
F. This is merely uncmfrtable, nt intlerable
G. They’re all situatins where we culd use a little extra patience
【答案】16. G 17. E 18. B 19. C 20. F
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了变得耐心的一些方法。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Here’s a riddle: What d traffic jams, lng lines and waiting fr a vacatin t start all have in cmmn? There’s ne answer. (这里有一个谜语：交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期开始有什么共同之处？答案只有一个)”可知，本句说明上文谜语的答案，结合“交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期”这些情况可知都需要耐心。故G选项“在这些情况下，我们都需要一点额外的耐心”符合语境，故选G。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Thankfulness has a lt f benefits: Research shws it makes us happier, less stressed and even mre ptimistic.(感恩有很多好处：研究表明，感恩让我们更快乐，压力更小，甚至更乐观)”以及后文““Shwing thankfulness can fster self-cntrl,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University f Califrnia. (加州大学的研究员叶丽说：“表达感激可以培养自我控制能力。”)”可知，上文提到了感恩的诸多好处，可知本句继续说明感恩的好处：它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心。E选项中It指代上文Thankfulness。故E选项“它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心”符合语境，故选E。
【18题详解】
根据上文“And the nly way fr us t get int the habit f waiting is t practice. (我们养成等待习惯的唯一方法就是练习)”以及后文“Put ff watching yur favrite shw until the weekend r wait 10 extra minutes befre ging fr that cake. (把你最喜欢的节目推迟到周末再看，或者多等10分钟再去吃蛋糕)”可知，后文列举的事情都是日常的小事，说明要从小事开始练习等待，故B选项“从小任务开始”符合语境，故选B。
【19题详解】
根据本段内容“S many f us have the belief that being cmfrtable is the nly state we will tlerate, and when we experience smething utside f ur cmfrt zne, we get impatient abut the circumstances. (我们中的许多人都认为舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时，我们会对环境失去耐心)”可知，本段提到了舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，结合前文的小标题都是祈使句可知，本段的主旨与接受不舒适相关，C选项中uncmfrtable对应后文cmfrtable。故C选项“接受不舒服”符合语境，故选C。
【20题详解】
根据上文“Yu shuld learn t say t yurself (你应该学会对自己说……)”以及后文“Yu’ll then gradually becme mre patient. (然后你会逐渐变得更有耐心)”结合本段主要说明的是不舒服的状态，可知，本句为对自己所说的话与接受不舒服相关，故F选项“这仅仅是不舒服，而不是无法忍受”符合语境，故选F。
13.【2023年北京卷】It’s a jyful and stressful time f year in the United States fr students and their families as they make decisins abut where t attend cllege. Families ften turn t rankings systems t help make a decisin. ____35____
When I talk t families as a schlar f higher educatin, they’re ften surprised that teaching excellence is nt cunted in rankings. ____36____
Emerging research suggests that curses in lwer-ranked universities, n average, scred higher n teaching than curses in higher-ranked universities. ____37____ The absence f teaching excellence frm the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is ne f the mst imprtant predictrs f a wide range f cllege utcmes.
Rankings, hwever, are nly ne reasn why a lw value is placed n teaching in higher educatin. Administratrs ften dn’t view teaching excellence as a way t increase enrlment (注册) r funding. ____38____ Research shws that the mre time instructrs spend n teaching, the lwer their salary. What is the result？ Many instructrs cntinue t teach using traditinal lectures, which lead t lwer success rates.
____39____ Nevertheless, nt much will change until schls with high-quality teaching are rewarded with mre resurces, higher rankings and increased enrlments. In the lng term, universities, rganisatins that rank schls, and thers shuld wrk t make teaching a valued, cre part f the missin.
What shuld students and their families d? They shuld give strng cnsideratin t universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even thugh the schls may be ranked lwer.
A. Higher educatin has achieved its true ptential.
B. Therefre, it’s nt highly valued in hiring r prmtin.
C. Quality teaching has been an imprtant reputatin-building factr.
D. Hwever, the rankings ignre a critical factr: the quality f teaching.
E. Effrts t imprve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.
F. They’re even mre surprised at hw teaching is undervalued by universities.
G. In fact, universities ften shift emphasis frm teaching t ther ranking factrs.
【答案】35. D 36. F 37. G 38. B 39. C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何选择高校提供了一些建议。
【35题详解】
根据空前内容“It’s a jyful and stressful time f year in the United States fr students and their families as they make decisins abut where t attend cllege. Families ften turn t rankings systems t help make a decisin.(对于美国的学生和他们的家人来说，这是一年中既快乐又紧张的时刻， 因为他们要决定去哪里上大学。家庭经常求助于排名系统来帮助做决定。)”可知，美国的学生和家人们在决定去哪儿上大学时，经常求助于排名系统。而根据下文第三段“Emerging research suggests that curses in lwer-ranked universities, n average, scred higher n teaching than curses in higher-ranked universities. (最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”可推断出，本文主要讲述的是排名方面出现的问题。选项D“Hwever, the rankings ignre a critical factr: the quality f teaching.(然而，排名忽略了一个关键因素：教学质量。)”延续上文内容，指出大学排名存在的问题；而根据下文内容也可以推断，排名中存在的问题是教学质量被忽略。故选D。
【36题详解】
根据空前内容“When I talk t families as a schlar f higher educatin, they’re ften surprised that teaching excellence is nt cunted in rankings.(作为一名研究高等教育的学者，当我与一些家庭交谈时，他们常常惊讶地发现，优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名。)”可知，大学排名中优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名让人们觉得很惊讶。选项F“They’re even mre surprised at hw teaching is undervalued by universities.(更让他们惊讶的是，大学竟然低估了教学的价值。)”延续上文内容，指的都是大学排名忽略教学质量。其中“mre surprised”和上文的“surprised”保持一致。故选F。
【37题详解】
空前内容“Emerging research suggests that curses in lwer-ranked universities, n average, scred higher n teaching than curses in higher-ranked universities.(最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”以及空后内容“The absence f teaching excellence frm the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is ne f the mst imprtant predictrs f a wide range f cllege utcmes.(考虑到高质量教学与学生成功之间的联系，排名中没有优秀教学令人惊讶。优质教学是衡量大学成绩的最重要因素之一。)”讲述的都是大学排名中没有考虑到教学。选项G“In fact, universities ften shift emphasis frm teaching t ther ranking factrs.(事实上，大学经常把重点从教学转移到其他排名因素上。)”与上下文内容相一致，故选G。
【38题详解】
根据空前内容“Rankings, hwever, are nly ne reasn why a lw value is placed n teaching in higher educatin. Administratrs ften dn’t view teaching excellence as a way t increase enrlment (注册) r funding.(然而，排名只是高等教育中对教学重视程度较低的一个原因。管理者通常不会将卓越的教学视为增加入学率或资金的一种方式。)”可知，上文分析了教学不被纳入排名的原因，该空应该讲其后果。选项B“Therefre, it’s nt highly valued in hiring r prmtin.(因此，它在招聘或晋升中不受重视。)”是上文内容的延续，正因为管理人员通常不把卓越的教学视为增加入学率或增加资金的一种方式，所以教学在招聘和晋升中不受重视。故选B。
【39题详解】
根据下文内容“Nevertheless, nt much will change until schls with high-quality teaching are rewarded with mre resurces, higher rankings and increased enrlments. In the lng term, universities, rganisatins that rank schls, and thers shuld wrk t make teaching a valued, cre part f the missin.(尽管如此，在拥有高质量教学的学校获得更多资源、更高排名和增加入学人数之前，不会有太大变化。从长远来看，大学、学校排名组织和其他机构应该努力使教学成为使命的一个有价值的核心部分。)”可知，作者认为想要强调教学质量还需要更多努力。根据“Nevertheless”可知，空处内容和下文内容存在转折关系。选项C“Quality teaching has been an imprtant reputatin-building factr.(高质量的教学一直是建立声誉的重要因素。)”强调了高质量教学的重要性，而下文则话题一转，指出了高质量教学的难处。故选C。
14.【2023年浙江1月卷】With gas prices rising and airprt security lines snaking lnger than ever, why nt bk yur next dmestic vacatin n a train? Cmpared t ther alternatives, it’s cmfrtable and relaxing. Here is sme advice n hw t make a trip by rail as pleasant as pssible.
Plan ahead. Mst lng-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accmmdatins, sell ut very quickly. 36 But n matter when yu travel, it’s a gd idea t make yur reservatins at least 90 days in advance.
Use a travel agent. Cnsider turning yur travel plan ver t a travel agent and letting him duble-check all the details, make suggestins, and then handle the actual reservatins. A gd ne can smetimes find yu discunted tickets. 37 Then yu wn’t have t walk thrugh several cars n a mving train three times a day fr yur meals.
Bring a blanket. When yu’re riding n trains, yu wn’t be prvided with a blanket fr free, even if yur trip is an vernight ne. 38 In the summer in particular, the air cnditining can make them quite cld.
Arrive early. Mst trains perate just nce a day and sme run nly three times a week, s missing yurs can be a disaster. 39 Nte: The times listed n the schedules are departure times, nt arrival times.
Have fun. 40 Read a bk, knit, d a crsswrd puzzle, r simply watch the wrld unfld utside the windw. T calculate yur speed as yu d, divide 3,600(the number f secnds in an hur)by the number f secnds it takes yu t travel ne mile(the distance between tw milepsts). If it takes the train 53 secnds t travel ne mile, yu’re ging 67.92 mph.
A．Train trips aren’t fr impatient types.
B．Yu’ll have views frm bth sides f the train.
C．The temperature n rail cars is ften hard t cntrl.
D．That’s particularly true during busy summer mnths.
E．Yu might have t wait lnger than 24 hurs t catch the next ne.
F．Chances are the cst will be a lt less than the cst f ne bedrm.
G．He may als bk yu in a sleeping car that’s right next t the diner.
【答案】36．D 37．G 38．C 39．E 40．A
【解析】本文是说明文。文章讲述一些关于如何使坐火车旅行尽可能愉快的建议。
36．根据上文“Plan ahead. Mst lng-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accmmdatins, sell ut very quickly.(提前计划。大多数长途火车，尤其是卧铺，很快就卖光了。)”以及下文“But n matter when yu travel, it’s a gd idea t make yur reservatins at least 90 days in advance. (但无论你什么时候去旅行，最好至少提前90天预订。)”可知，大多数长途火车的卧铺很容易被定完，所以要提前安排预定，D项“在繁忙的夏季尤其如此。”符合语境，D项中“busy summer mnths”与前后文呼应，说明忙碌的夏季尤其需要提前计划。故选D项。
37．根据上文“A gd ne can smetimes find yu discunted tickets. (一个好的旅行社有时可以帮你找到打折的票。)”以及下文“Then yu wn’t have t walk thrugh several cars n a mving train three times a day fr yur meals. (这样你就不必为了吃饭而每天三次在行驶的火车上穿过几节车厢了。)”可知，好的旅行社帮你预定，不仅可以找到打折的票，还可以节省从卧铺到餐车的距离，G项中“bk yu in a sleeping car that’s right next t the diner”与前后文对应，因此推断G项“他可能还会给你预订餐厅旁边的卧铺车厢。”符合语境。故选G项。
38．根据上文“When yu’re riding n trains, yu wn’t be prvided with a blanket fr free, even if yur trip is an vernight ne.(当你乘坐火车时，你不会免费获得一条毯子，即使你的旅行是过夜的。)”以及下文“In the summer in particular, the air cnditining can make them quite cld. (特别是在夏天，空调会让他们很冷。)”可知，这里提到了车厢内温度的问题，提醒乘客最好自备毛毯，C项中“The temperature n rail cars”与前后文对应，因此推断C项“列车上的温度通常很难控制。”符合语境。故选C项。
39．根据上文“Mst trains perate just nce a day and sme run nly three times a week, s missing yurs can be a disaster.(大多数火车每天只开一趟，有些火车一周只开三趟，所以错过你的火车可能是一场灾难。)”以及下文“Nte: The times listed n the schedules are departure times, nt arrival times. (注意:时刻表上列出的时间是出发时间，不是到达时间。)”可知，本段提醒要提前安排时间，错过时间是很麻烦的事情，E项中“Yu might have t wait lnger”与前后文对应，说明错过火车导致的结果，因此推断E项“你可能要等上超过24小时才能赶上下一班。”符合语境。故选E项。
40．根据上文“Have fun.(玩得开心)”以及下文“T calculate yur speed as yu d, divide 3,600(the number f secnds in an hur)by the number f secnds it takes yu t travel ne mile(the distance between tw milepsts).”(要计算你的速度，用3600(一小时的秒数)除以你走一英里(两个里程碑之间的距离)所花费的秒数。)”可知，本段讲述如何度过乘车时间，A项中讲到火车旅行不适合没有耐心的人与后文要计算时间，用不同的方式打发时间对应，符合语境。故选A项。
15.【2022年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷】Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasns t Thank Yur Wrkut Partner.” One reasn was: “Yu’ll actually shw up if yu knw smene is waiting fr yu at the gym, ” while anther read: “___16___” With a wrkut partner, yu will increase yur training effrt as there is a subtle (微妙) cmpetitin.
S, hw d yu find a wrkut partner?
First f all, decide what yu want frm that persn. ___17___ Or d yu just want t be physically fit, able t mve with strength and flexibility? Think abut the exercises yu wuld like t d with yur wrkut partner.
Yu might think abut psting what yu are lking fr n scial media, but it prbably wn’t result in a useful respnse. ___18___ If yu plan n wrking ut in a gym, that persn must belng t the same gym.
My partner psted her request n the ntice bard f a lcal park. Her ntice included what kind f training she wanted t d, hw many days a week and hw many hurs she wanted t spend n each sessin, and her age. It als listed her favrite sprts and activities, and prvided her phne number. ___19___
Yu and yur partner will prbably have different skills. ___20___ Over time, bth f yu will benefit — yur partner will be able t lift mre weights and yu will becme mre physically fit. The cre (核心) f yur relatinship is that yu will always be there t help each ther.
A. Yur first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A wrkut partner usually needs t live clse by.
C. Yu’ll wrk harder if yu train with smene else.
D. D yu want t be a better athlete in yur favrite sprt?
E. Hw can yu write a gd “seeking training partner” ntice?
F. Just accept yur differences and learn t wrk with each ther.
G. Any ntice fr a training partner shuld include such infrmatin.
【答案】16. C 17. D 18. B 19. G 20. F
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何找到一个一起锻炼的伙伴。
【16题详解】
根据前文“Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasns t Thank Yur Wrkut Partne.” One reasn was: “Yu’ll actually shw up if yu knw smene is waiting fr yu at the gym,”(《健身杂志》最近刊登了一篇题为《感谢健身伙伴的五个理由》的文章。一个理由是：“如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就会去锻炼。”)”可知，这里陈述另一个和别人一起锻炼的理由。所以选择项C“Yu'll wrk harder if yu train with smene else.(如果你和别人一起训练，你会更努力。)”符合上下文语境。故选C。
【17题详解】
根据前文“First f all, decide what yu want frm that persn. (首先，决定你想从那个人身上得到什么。)”和后文“Or d yu just want t be physically fit, able t mve with strength and flexibility?(或者你只是想要身体健康，能够移动的力量和灵活性?)”可知，这里是一个问句，反问自己结伴锻炼的目的。所以选择项D“D yu want t be a better athlete in yur favrite sprt? (你想在你最喜欢的运动项目上成为更好的运动员吗?)”符合上下文语境。故选D。
【18题详解】
根据前文“Yu might think abut psting what yu are lking fr n scial media, but prbably wn't result in a useful respnse. (你可能会考虑在社交媒体上发布你想要的东西，但可能不会得到有用的回应。)”和后文“If yu plan n wrking ut in a gym, that persn must belng t the same gym.(如果你打算在健身房锻炼，那个人一定是同一个健身房的。)”可知，寻找的锻炼伙伴要具有便利性的特点。所以选择项B“A wrkut partner usually needs t live clse by. (锻炼伙伴通常需要住在附近。)”符合上下文语境。故选B。
【19题详解】
根据前文“My partner psted her request n the ntice bard f a lcal park. Her ntice included what kind f training she wanted t d, hw many days a week and hw many hurs she wanted t spend n each sessin, and her age. It als listed her favrite sprts and activities, and prvided her phne number. (我的搭档把她的要求贴在了当地公园的布告栏上。她的注意事项包括她想要做什么样的锻炼，每周多少天，每次培训要花多少小时，以及她的年龄。它还列出了她最喜欢的运动和活动，并提供了她的电话号码。)”可知，本段作者以自己的锻炼伙伴为例，说明寻找锻炼伙伴布告所要包括的信息。所以选择项G“Any ntice fr a training partner shuld include such infrmatin. (任何锻炼伙伴的布告都应包括这些信息。)”符合上下文语境。故选G。
【20题详解】
根据前文“Yu and yur partner will prbably have different skills. (你和你的伴侣可能有不同的技能。)”和后文“Over time, bth f yu will benefit -- yur partner will be able t lift mre weights and yu will becme mre physically fit.(久而久之，你们双方都会受益——你的伴侣会举起更多的重量，你也会变得更健康。)”可知，要学会求同存异，一起合作，共同提高。所以选择项F“Just accept yur differences and learn t wrk with each ther. (接受你们的不同，学会彼此合作。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。
16.【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Writing an essay is a difficult prcess fr mst peple. Hwever, the prcess can be made easier if yu learn t practice three simple techniques.
___16___ When yu are first trying t think f ideas fr an essay, put yur pen t yur paper and write nnstp fr ten r fifteen minutes withut letting yur pen leave the paper. Stay lse and free. ___17___ Dn’t wrry abut grammar r spelling. Even thugh this technique wn’t wrk fr everyne, it helps many peple get a gd stre f ideas t draw n.
The next technique is t write yur draft rapidly withut wrrying abut being perfect. ___18___ Yet, by learning t live with imperfectin, yu will save yurself headaches and a wastepaper basket full f crumpled (弄皱) paper. Think f yur first draft as a path cut ut f the jungle—as part f an explratin, nt as a cmplete highway.
The third technique is t try printing ut a triple—spaced (三倍行距) cpy t allw space fr revisin. ___19___ As a result, these writers never get in the habit f crssing ut chunks (大块) f their draft and writing revisins in the blank space. After yu have revised yur draft until it is t messy t wrk frm anymre, yu can enter yur changes int yur wrd prcessr. ___20___ The resulting blank space invites yu t revise.
A. Make sure yur handwriting is neat.
B. Let yur pen fllw the waves f thught.
C. The secnd draft f the essay shuld be better.
D. First f all, learn the technique f nnstp writing.
E. T many writers try t get their drafts right the first time.
F. Many beginning writers dn’t leave enugh space t revise.
G. Then yu can print ut a fresh draft, again setting yur text n triple-space.
【答案】16. D 17. B 18. E 19. F 20. G
【解析】【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是写文章的技巧。
【16题详解】
空格处是本段的主题句，由空后的“When yu are first trying t think f ideas fr an essay, put yur pen t yur paper and write nnstp fr ten r fifteen minutes withut letting yur pen leave the paper. (当你第一次想写一篇文章的时候，把笔放在纸上，不间断地写10到15分钟，不要让笔离开纸。)”可知，本段主要讲的是要学会不间断地写，D选项“First f all, learn the technique f nnstp writing. (首先，学习不间断写作的技巧。)”概括了本段的主要内容，可作为主题句，故选D。
【17题详解】
空前说“Stay lse and free. (保持宽松和自由。)”，空后说“Dn’t wrry abut grammar r spelling. (不要担心语法和拼写。)”，因此空格处应说按心里想的写，自由发挥，B选项“Let yur pen fllw the waves f thught. (让你的笔跟随思想的波浪。)”说明了按自己的思路和想法来写，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选B。
【18题详解】
空前说“The next technique is t write yur draft rapidly withut wrrying abut being perfect. (下一个技巧是快速写草稿，不要担心是否完美。)”，空后说“Yet, by learning t live with imperfectin, yu will save yurself headaches and a wastepaper basket full f crumpled (弄皱) paper. (然而，通过学习与不完美共存，你将避免自己的头痛和一个装满皱巴巴的废纸篓。)”，E选项“T many writers try t get their drafts right the first time. (太多的作家试图在第一次就把草稿写好。)”中的“get their drafts”和上文的“write yur draft”相呼应，说明了有很多人想一次就写好，这是不合理的，要学会允许不完美的存在，因此E选项承上启下，符合语境，故选E。
【19题详解】
空前说“The third technique is t try printing ut a triple—spaced (三倍行距) cpy t allw space fr revisin. (第三种方法是打印出三倍行距的副本，以便有修改的空间。)”，F选项“Many beginning writers dn’t leave enugh space t revise. (许多初来乍到的作者没有留出足够的修改空间。)”中的“revise”和前面的“revisin”一致，指出了新手作者的常见做法，且其中的“Many beginning writers”和后文的“these writers”相互呼应，因此F选项承上启下，符合语境，故选F。
【20题详解】
空前说“After yu have revised yur draft until it is t messy t wrk frm anymre, yu can enter yur changes int yur wrd prcessr. (当你修改你的草稿，直到它太乱以至于无法继续工作，你可以把你的修改输入到你的文字处理器中。)”，空后说“The resulting blank space invites yu t revise. (由此产生的空白允许您修改。)”，因此空格处应说输入到文字处理器后应该做什么，G选项“Then yu can print ut a fresh draft, again setting yur text n triple-space. (然后你可以打印一份新的草稿，同样将文本设置为三倍行距。)”说的是输入到你的文字处理器后的做法，其中的“triple-space”和后文的“The resulting blank space”相呼应，因此G选项承上启下，符合语境，故选G。
17.【2022年全国乙卷】Friendship needs care and attentin t keep it in gd health. Here are five ways t sustain (保持) lng-distance friendships.
·Set a regular date
Lng-lasting friendships share the characteristic that bth sides equally cntact (联系) and share with ne anther. With busy schedules, squeezing in phne calls can be a challenge. ___16___.
·Mre isn’t always merrier
Make sure yu have cmmunicated with yur friend abut hw frequently each f yu wants t be cntacted and what methd wrks best fr yu bth. ___17___. There are alternatives t cnstant written cmmunicatin, such as leaving vice messages r having a grup chat.
·Practise empathy (共情)
___18___. The friend wh is remaining needs t be sensitive t all the additinal time demands placed n the friend wh has mved. The ne in the new envirnment shuld be sympathetic t the fact that yur friend may feel abandned.
· ___19___
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even mre weight in lng-distance friendships. Althugh technlgy might make day-t-day cmmunicatin pssible, extra effrt ges a lng way n special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track f friends’ birthdays and ther imprtant dates will make sure nthing slips by yu.
·Dn’t rely n technlgy alne
___20___, but lng-distance friendships — even clse nes — may require mre cnscius effrt t sustain. Try t seek ut chances t renew friendships. Hw t d it? Just spend face-t-face time tgether whenever pssible.
A. Remember imprtant dates
B. Cmpensate by writing letters
C. It is als helpful fr yu t be a friendship keeper
D. Try t find a time that wrks fr bth f yu and stick t it
E. Friends need t talk abut their preferred methds f cmmunicatin
F. It is easy t have a sense f cnnectedness thrugh scial media
G. Yu may be the friend wh left r the ne wh was left behind
【答案】16. D 17. B 18. G 19. A 20. F
【解析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了五种维系异地友谊的方法。
【16题详解】
上文“With busy schedules, squeezing in phne calls can be a challenge.”（平日繁忙，很难抽出时间打电话。）讲的是双方都很忙碌，很难有时间给对方打电话，D项“尽量找个双方都有空的时间去打电话，并坚持下去” 给出了解决没时间打电话这个问题的方法，符合题意。故选D项。
【17题详解】
上文“Make sure yu have cmmunicated with yur friend abut hw frequently each f yu wants t be cntacted and what methd wrks best fr yu bth.”（确保你已经与你的朋友沟通过，了解你们彼此希望联系的次数，以及哪种沟通方式最适合你们两人。）提到异地朋友之间要商量沟通方式，B项“可以通过写信补偿”提出了其中一种沟通方式：写信，下文“There are alternatives t cnstant written cmmunicatin, such as leaving vice messages r having a grup chat.”（除了不断的文字交流，还有其他方式，比如发语音或者组建群聊。）补充了发语音等其他沟通方式，其中“cnstant written cmmunicatin”呼应了B项的“writing letters”。故选B项。
【18题详解】
下文“The friend wh is remaining”（留下来的朋友）和“The ne in the new envirnment”（在新环境中的那个）提到朋友的两个不同处境，G项“你可能是朋友中离开的那一方，也可能是被留下的那一方”指出了异地友谊中分为离开的一方和留下的一方，其中“the friend wh left”和“the ne wh was left behind”分别对应下文“The ne in the new envirnment”和“The friend wh is remaining”，所以G项符合题意。故选G项。
【19题详解】
分析文章结构可知，设空处的内容是维系异地友谊的第四个方法，是第五段的小标题。下文“Anniversaries and birthdays carry even mre weight in lng-distance friendships.”（周年纪念日和生日对于异地友谊而言是非常重要的。）讲的是诸如周年纪念日和生日等重要的日子对于维系异地友谊是非常重要的，由此推知，这段对应的维系异地友谊的方法是A项“记得重要的日子”，所以A项符合题意。故选A项。
【20题详解】
设空处所在句子的后半句“but lng-distance friendships — even clse nes — may require mre cnscius effrt t sustain.”（但是异地友谊——甚至是关系亲密的友谊——可能需要更加自觉地去维系。）讲的是我们要更加自觉地维系异地友谊，其中“but”说明后半句与设空处形成转折，而F项“朋友之间很容易通过社交媒体产生一种联结感”讲的是可以通过社交媒体这种方式很容易与朋友产生联结，与后半句“require mre cnscius effrt t sustain”形成转折，而且其中的“scial media”呼应了该段的小标题“Dn’t rely n technlgy alne”（不要仅仅依赖技术）中的“technlgy”。故选F项。
18.【2022年全国甲卷】Imprtant Things t Knw When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise yu with sme f its imprtant rules. ___16___. Knwing sme tips will help ensure that yu have an enjyable meal with friends r family — n matter where yu are in the wrld.
Chpstick Rules
The way yu handle chpsticks is imprtant t avid annying yur cmpanins. When yu put them dwn between bites, always put them dwn tgether s they are parallel with the edge f the table in frnt f yu. ___17___ .
Hands r Utensils (餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it’s cnsidered very rude t eat with yur left hand. Peple in France expect yu t eat with a utensil in each hand. ___18___, instead preferring t use their hands. In Chile, yu may never tuch any fd with yur fingers. Peple in Thailand generally use their frks nly t push fd nt their spns.
Making Requests
___19___ . In Prtugal, this wuld be a serius mistake, because it shws the chef that yu dn’t like their seasning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask fr extra cheese t add t yur fd.
Sme f these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem randm and strange, but they are imprtant in varius cuntries. ___20___ , the mre cmfrtable yu’ll begin t feel with its freign cultural practices.
A. The mre friends yu make in yur lifetime
B. The mre time yu spend in any given cuntry
C. Mexicans cnsider it inapprpriate t eat with utensils
D. Dn’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E. It’s a gd sign fr the chef if yu make a mess arund yur plate
F. Never stick them upright in yur fd r crss them as yu use them
G. It may seem like a simple request t ask fr salt and pepper at a meal
【答案】16. D 17. F 18. C 19. G 20. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些外出就餐时要知道的一些重要事情。
【16题详解】
根据文章标题“Imprtant Things t Knw When Dining Out (外出就餐时要知道的重要事情)”可知，本文主要介绍的是外出就餐时应该知道的重要事情。由此可知，D项“Dn’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant (不要在餐馆犯尴尬的错误)”符合语境，其中“at a restaurant”对应标题中的“When Dining Out”，同时引起下文“Knwing sme tips will help ensure that yu have an enjyable meal with friends r family — n matter where yu are in the wrld. (知道一些技巧将有助于确保你和朋友或家人一起享受一顿愉快的晚餐——无论你在世界的哪个地方)”。故选D。
【17题详解】
根据本段小标题“Chpstick Rules”可知，本段主要讲述的是使用筷子的规则。根据上文“When yu put them dwn between bites, always put them dwn tgether s they are parallel with the edge f the table in frnt f yu. (当你在吃的间隙把它们放下来的时候，一定要把它们放在一起，这样它们就和你面前的桌子边缘平行了)”可知，此处讲述了正确使用筷子的方式。由此可知，F项“Never stick them upright in yur fd r crss them as yu use them (不要把它们笔直地插在你的食物中，也不要在使用它们时交叉放置)”讲述的也是使用筷子时的注意事项，符合此处语境，其中“them”指的是上文的“chpsticks”。故选F。
【18题详解】
根据本段小标题“Hands r Utensils (餐具)”可知，本段主要讲述的是手和餐具的问题。根据上文“In India and the Middle East, it’s cnsidered very rude t eat with yur left hand. Peple in France expect yu t eat with a utensil in each hand. (在印度和中东，用左手吃饭被认为是非常不礼貌的。法国人希望你每只手拿一个餐具吃饭)”及下文“instead preferring t use their hands (相反更愿意使用他们的双手)”可知，此处在讲述不同国家就餐时习惯使用哪只手的问题。由此可知，C项“Mexicans cnsider it inapprpriate t eat with utensils (墨西哥人认为用餐具吃饭是不合适的)”符合语境，与下文形成转折关系。故选C。
【19题详解】
根据本段小标题“Making Requests”可知，本段主要讲述的是用餐时提请求的问题。根据下文“In Prtugal, this wuld be a serius mistake, because it shws the chef that yu dn’t like their seasning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask fr extra cheese t add t yur fd. (在葡萄牙，这将是一个严重的错误，因为这向厨师表明你不喜欢他们的调味技巧。同样，在意大利，永远不要要求在食物中添加额外的奶酪)”可推知，在一些国家，用餐时提出要求是很无礼的。由此可知，G项“It may seem like simple request t ask fr salt and pepper at a meal (吃饭时要盐和胡椒看似很简单)”符合此处语境，其中“request”是关键词，说明，在用餐时提出一些我们看来很平常的要求在某些国家是无礼的。故选G。
【20题详解】
根据下文“the mre cmfrtable yu’ll begin t feel with its freign cultural practices. (你就会对它的外国文化习俗感到越舒服)”可推知，此处指在一个国家待得越久，就会越习惯当地习俗，且此处是“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，B项“The mre time yu spend in any given cuntry (你在某个国家待的时间越长)”符合文意，引出下文。故选B。
19.【2022年北京卷】Health and fitness help a persn live a gd and healthy life. Often due t varius pressures, we tend t ignre ur health. ____35____ It is the fitness level f ur bdy that helps us fight these diseases.
____36____ We need t be fit t have a healthy bdy. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted twards maintaining the fitness f ur bdy. Health is the state f ur bdy at a given time. We may nt have any disease but still have a weak bdy, which is ready t be targeted by viruses. ____37____ This des nt definitely mean that we are nt healthy. It means the fitness level is nt in accrdance with ur age and the climatic cnditins we live in.
It is imprtant fr everyne t devte sme time t health and fitness. ____38____ Fr instance, we must exercise daily regardless f ur age and wrking style. There are different levels f exercises fr different age grups and we must d them accrding t ur wn health and age.
Additinally, it is imprtant t relax ur bdy. We shuld have at least six t eight hurs f sleep every day. It helps in imprving ur immune (免疫) system and prtects us against diseases. ____39____ This, in turn, gives us new gals f health and fitness.
A. Fitness levels decide the quality f life.
B. Health and fitness are interrelated t each ther.
C. It als helps in keeping us calm and relaxes ur mind.
D. Fr instance, we may have a tendency t catch a cld easily.
E. If we keep ur bdy fit, we can enjy life in a better manner.
F. There are sme activities which everyne shuld d in ur life.
G. This makes ur bdy suffer and we will catch ther diseases.
【答案】35. G 36. B 37. D 38. F 39. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是健康和健身之间密不可分的关系以及我们应该通过哪些健身的方式来让自己有一个健康的身体。
35.
根据空前“Health and fitness help a persn live a gd and healthy life. Often due t varius pressures, we tend t ignre ur health.(健康和健身帮助一个人过上良好和健康的生活。由于各种各样的压力，我们往往会忽视自己的健康。)”可知因为各种压力，我们的健康容易被忽视，根据空后“It is the fitness level f ur bdy that helps us fight these diseases.(正是我们身体的健康水平帮助我们对抗这些疾病。)”可知身体的健康可以让我们应对各种疾病，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲忽视健康对我们的身体及生活的影响。G项“This makes ur bdy suffer and we will catch ther diseases.(这使我们的身体遭受痛苦，而且我们会感染其他疾病。)”承接上文，引出下文，而且G项中的ther diseases与空后的these diseases相互照应，符合上下文语境。故选G项。
36.
根据空后“We need t be fit t have a healthy bdy. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted twards maintaining the fitness f ur bdy.(为了拥有一个健康的身体我们需要健康。同样，如果我们是健康的，我们自然会被保持健康的身体所吸引。)”可知健康的身体与健身是密不可分的，空处位于句首，应是本段的主旨句，B项“Health and fitness are interrelated t each ther.(健康和健身是相互关联的。)”概括全段的主要内容，符合上下文语境。故选B项。
37.
根据空前“Health is the state f ur bdy at a given time. We may nt have any disease but still have a weak bdy, which is ready t be targeted by viruses.(健康是在特定时间内我们身体的状态。我们可能没有任何疾病，但身体仍然虚弱，随时会被病毒攻击。)”可知我们的身体虽然没有生病，但也很虚弱，随时会生病，根据空后“This des nt definitely mean that we are nt healthy.(这并不一定意味着我们不健康。)”可知生病并不一定表明我们是不健康的。空处承上启下，所以空处应该举例说明我们的身体在虚弱的情况下会生病这样一种状况，D项“Fr instance, we may have a tendency t catch a cld easily.(例如，我们可能很容易感冒。)”举例说明我们的身体会在虚弱的情况下生病，承接上文，引出下文，而且空后的This指代D项的we may have a tendency t catch a cld easily这种情况，符合上下文语境。故选D项。
38.
根据空前“It is imprtant fr everyne t devte sme time t health and fitness.(对每个人来说，花些时间在健康和健身方面是很重要的。)”可知我们应该花时间去健身，根据空后“Fr instance, we must exercise daily regardless f ur age and wrking style.(例如，我们必须每天锻炼，不管我们的年龄和工作方式。)”可知我们应该每天坚持锻炼，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲的是我们应该通过哪些活动来进行锻炼，F项“There are sme activities which everyne shuld d in ur life.(在我们的生活中有一些活动是每个人都应该做的。)”承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选F项。
39.
根据空前“We shuld have at least six t eight hurs f sleep every day. It helps in imprving ur immune (免疫) system and prtects us against diseases.(我们每天至少应该有6到8个小时的睡眠。它有助于改善我们的免疫系统，保护我们抵抗疾病。)”可知我们应该保障充足的睡眠，根据空后“This, in turn, gives us new gals f health and fitness.(这反过来又给了我们健康和健身的新目标。)”可知充足的睡眠会对我们的健康和健身目标很有好处，空处承上启下，所以空处应该继续讲充足的睡眠的好处，C项“It als helps in keeping us calm and relaxes ur mind.(它也帮助我们保持冷静和放松我们的大脑。)”进一步讲了充足的睡眠对于我们的好处，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选C项。
20.【2022年浙江卷6月】I have a drawer full f letters t Santa. Each year my children wuld write up their Christmas wish lists. They were plite requests fr the latest game r ty. As the children gt lder, they wuld give Santa sme hints(提示)n where t buy their presents. ____11____
Thse letters taught my children a valuable lessn abut writing: It has a purpse. Smetimes ur purpse is t achieve smething;ther times it may be t entertain, infrm, r persuade. ____12____ And when writing desn’t seem t have any purpse r get any kind f meaningful respnse, then it can be hard t get excited abut ding it.
Christmas is a great time f year fr children t cmmunicate with thers thrugh writing. When children write fr real audiences and real purpses, they can learn t chse their wrds accrdingly. ____13____ Yu write “Dear Santa” because yu dn’t knw him persnally and yu want t shw him respect.
____14____ Texting, nline messaging, live chats while playing vide games all mean that they are cnstantly prducing written messages. Hwever, because they are usually writing t family and friends, they use infrmal language mst f the time.
There is nthing wrng with this kind f writing. It suits the audience and the purpse and gets the jb dne. ____15____ This type f writing wn’t be rewarded by the schl examiner, nr by a future emplyer r a ptential client. The very best cmmunicatrs are thse wh knw hw t adjust their language t match their audience.
A. It isn’t that these yung peple can’t write.
B. But it is always purpseful-r at least it shuld be.
C. The age f pen-and-paper letter writing may have passed.
D. As a result, each year they received smething they wanted.
E. Yu write “Hi Nanna and Pp” because yu are clse t them.
F. As technlgy develps, yung peple are writing mre than they ever have.
G. But if this is the nly kind f writing yung peple d, it will cause prblems.
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过讲述孩子们通过给圣诞老人写信暗示得到自己心仪的礼物，从而论证观点：人们写作都是带有某种目的的。
11.D根据空前“As the children gt lder, they wuld give Santa sme hints(提示)n where t buy their presents. (随着孩子们逐渐长大，他们会给圣诞老人一些提示，告诉他去哪里买礼物。)”可知，孩子们给圣诞老人提示去哪买礼物。结合选项可知，D项“As a result, each year they received smething they wanted. (结果，他们每年都会收到他们想要的东西。)”为孩子们提示的结果：收到心仪的礼物。前后为明显的因果关系。故选D项。
12.B根据空前“Smetimes ur purpse is t achieve smething;ther times t may be t entertain, infrm, r persuade. (有时我们的目的是为了获得东西，有时可能是为了娱乐、告知或说服。)”可知，我们写作都是带着目的的。结合选项B“But it is always purpseful-r at least it shuld be. (但它总是有目的的——或者至少应该是这样。)”可知，前后语意一致，说明写作是带有目的的。故选B项。
13.E根据空前“When children write fr real audiences and real purpses, they can learn t chse their wrds accrdingly. (当孩子们为真正的读者和真正的目的写作时，他们就能学会相应地选择用词。)”以及空后“Yu write “Dear Santa” because yu dn’t knw him persnally and yu want t shw him respect. (你写“亲爱的圣诞老人”是因为你不认识他，你想表达对他的尊重。)”可知，空后句和空前句之间是“理论——实践”的关系，由此可推知，空处也应为具体的实践。结合选项E“Yu write “Hi Nanna and Pp” because yu are clse t them. (你写“嗨，奶奶和爸爸”，因为你和他们很亲近。)”可知，符合这一逻辑。而且和空后结构一致。故选E项。
14.F根据空后“Texting, nline messaging, live chats while playing vide games all mean that they are cnstantly prducing written messages. (在玩电子游戏时发短信、在线消息、实时聊天都意味着他们在不断地产生书面信息。 )”可知，科技的发展让人们的写作变得更普遍。结合选项F“As technlgy develps, yung peple are writing mre than they ever have. (随着科技的发展，年轻人写的东西比以前更多了。)”可知，前后语意一致，符合语境。故选F项。
15.G根据空前“There is nthing wrng with this kind f writing. It suits the audience and the purpse and gets the jb dne. (这种写作方式并没有错。它迎合了观众和目的，完成了任务。)”可知，作者在评价这种科技影响下的写作方式。结合选项G“But if this is the nly kind f writing yung peple d, it will cause prblems. (但如果这是年轻人唯一的写作方式，那就会造成问题。)”可知，前后语意一致，从正反两方面评价科技带来的写作。故选G项。
21.【2022年浙江卷1月】I have the same 24 hurs in a day as yu d, but 1 have made specific chice that allw me t make the mst f every day and still feel happy and relaxed. 11
Pick the mst imprtant.
12 Fcus n spending time that fr yu is fun and prductive. 1 chse the life f an adviser because I like t wrk with cmpanies, but dn't want the life f a big cmpany CEO. My chices are based n the lifestyle 1 want.
Cmbine yur activities.
Many peple g crazy trying t figure ut hw t spend time with friends, family, wrk, play, etc. 13
Find ways t enjy them in a cmbined manner. Build yur scial life arund peple yur wrk envirnment. Find peple in yur cmpany wh share cmmn interests and develp yur career （职业）arund the peple and activities yu lve.
14
Yu wuld think learning takes mre time frm yu, but actually there are always new ways f ding things that can save yu time n daily tasks, freeing yu up fr the mst imprtant. Always be lking fr a new way t gain back an hur here r there.
Lighten up.
The wrld wn't cme t an end in mst cases just because yu left a few things undne. Celebrate prgress and keep refining （改进）tward a happy prductive existence. 15 Every cmpletin is a small victry that adds up in a big way.
Speed up.
Be an active learner.
Stp trying t balance time between them all.
Make chices abut what is meaningful in yur life.
The things yu d well usually give yu greater jy.
F Perhaps these tips will help yu make the mst f yur time.
G. This is why making lists is imprtant in any prductivity handbk.
【答案】11. F 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. G
【解析】本文是说明文。作者给出了既可以充分利用时间又可以快乐放松的有效建议。
【11题详解】
上文 “ I have the same 24 hurs in a day as yu d, but 1 have made specific chice that allw me t make the mst f every day and still feel happy and relaxed.（我和你一样，每天都有24小时，但我做了具体的选择，让我充 分利用每一天，仍然感到快乐和放松）”说明作者做出选择，充分利用每一天，但仍旧感到快乐和轻松，根 据下文段落小标题可知，下文就如何充分利用每一天给出了建议，因此空格处应是承上启下，F项中的“help yu make the mst f yur time与上文 “t make the mst f every day ” 一致，“tips” 引出下文的建议，因此 F项“也许这些建议会帮助你充分利用你的时间”符合语境，承上启下。故选F。
【12题详解】
根据段落标题“Pick the mst imprtant.”可知，本段建议挑选最重要的，下文“Fcus n spending time that fr yu is fun and prductive.（把时间花在那些对你来说有趣和富有成效的事情上）”说明要挑选一些有趣的 和富有成效的事情去做，D项中的“ what is meaningful in yur life”与标题中的"the mst imprtant一致， 下文是对“Make chices”具体解释。因此推断D项“选择你生活中有意义的东西”符合语境。故选D。 【13题详解】
上文 “Many peple g crazy trying t figure ut hw t spend time with friends, family, wrk, play, etc.（ 许多人疯 狂地试图弄清楚如何在朋友，家庭，工作，娱乐等方面度过时间）”说明许多人想要弄清楚在生活中如何分 配好时间，下文“Find ways t enjy them in a cmbined manner.（找到一种结合的方式来享受它们）”说明可 以把事情组合在一起享受，因此推断空格处与上文是转折关系，说明不要试图均衡时间，C项“不要试图在 它们之间平衡时间”符合语境。故选C。
【14题详解】
空格处为段落小标题。根据下文“Yu wuld think learning takes mre time frm yu, but actually there are always new ways f ding things that can save yu time n daily tasks, freeing yu up fr the mst imprtant. Always be lking fr a new way t gain back an hur here r there. Always be lking fr a new way t gain back an hur here r there.（你可能会认为学习需要花费了你更多的时间，但实际上总有一些新的方法可以为你节省出做日常 事务的时间，为你腾出时间去做最重要的事情。寻找在这里或者那里赢回一个小时的新方法）”可推断，本 段讲述学习虽然花费很多时间，但总是能有一些方法为你节省时间做其他事情，因此要做有效的学习者。 因此推断B项“做有效的学习者”为段落标题，故选B。
【15题详解】
下文 “Every cmpletin is a small victry that adds up in a big way.（每一次的完成都是一个小的胜利，累积起 来就是一个大的胜利）”说明事情要一件一件去做，G项中的“making lists”与之呼应，因此推断G项“这 就是为什么列清单在任何生产手册中都很重要的原因”符合语境，this指代上文“The wrld wn't cme t an end in mst cases just because yu left a few things undne. Celebrate prgress and keep refining （改进）tward a happy prductive existence.（在大多数情况下，世界不会因为你没做完几件事而走向末日。庆祝进步，不断 改进走向一个快乐而富有成效的存在）”解释了列出清单一件一件完成任务的原因。故选G。
22.【2022年浙江卷6月】I have a drawer full f letters t Santa. Each year my children wuld write up their Christmas wish lists. They were plite requests fr the latest game r ty. As the children gt lder, they wuld give Santa sme hints(提示)n where t buy their presents. ____11____
Thse letters taught my children a valuable lessn abut writing: It has a purpse. Smetimes ur purpse is t achieve smething;ther times it may be t entertain, infrm, r persuade. ____12____ And when writing desn’t seem t have any purpse r get any kind f meaningful respnse, then it can be hard t get excited abut ding it.
Christmas is a great time f year fr children t cmmunicate with thers thrugh writing. When children write fr real audiences and real purpses, they can learn t chse their wrds accrdingly. ____13____ Yu write “Dear Santa” because yu dn’t knw him persnally and yu want t shw him respect.
____14____ Texting, nline messaging, live chats while playing vide games all mean that they are cnstantly prducing written messages. Hwever, because they are usually writing t family and friends, they use infrmal language mst f the time.
There is nthing wrng with this kind f writing. It suits the audience and the purpse and gets the jb dne. ____15____ This type f writing wn’t be rewarded by the schl examiner, nr by a future emplyer r a ptential client. The very best cmmunicatrs are thse wh knw hw t adjust their language t match their audience.
A. It isn’t that these yung peple can’t write.
B. But it is always purpseful-r at least it shuld be.
C. The age f pen-and-paper letter writing may have passed.
D. As a result, each year they received smething they wanted.
E. Yu write “Hi Nanna and Pp” because yu are clse t them.
F. As technlgy develps, yung peple are writing mre than they ever have.
G. But if this is the nly kind f writing yung peple d, it will cause prblems.
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过讲述孩子们通过给圣诞老人写信暗示得到自己心仪的礼物，从而论证观点：人们写作都是带有某种目的的。
11.D根据空前“As the children gt lder, they wuld give Santa sme hints(提示)n where t buy their presents. (随着孩子们逐渐长大，他们会给圣诞老人一些提示，告诉他去哪里买礼物。)”可知，孩子们给圣诞老人提示去哪买礼物。结合选项可知，D项“As a result, each year they received smething they wanted. (结果，他们每年都会收到他们想要的东西。)”为孩子们提示的结果：收到心仪的礼物。前后为明显的因果关系。故选D项。
12.B根据空前“Smetimes ur purpse is t achieve smething;ther times t may be t entertain, infrm, r persuade. (有时我们的目的是为了获得东西，有时可能是为了娱乐、告知或说服。)”可知，我们写作都是带着目的的。结合选项B“But it is always purpseful-r at least it shuld be. (但它总是有目的的——或者至少应该是这样。)”可知，前后语意一致，说明写作是带有目的的。故选B项。
13.E根据空前“When children write fr real audiences and real purpses, they can learn t chse their wrds accrdingly. (当孩子们为真正的读者和真正的目的写作时，他们就能学会相应地选择用词。)”以及空后“Yu write “Dear Santa” because yu dn’t knw him persnally and yu want t shw him respect. (你写“亲爱的圣诞老人”是因为你不认识他，你想表达对他的尊重。)”可知，空后句和空前句之间是“理论——实践”的关系，由此可推知，空处也应为具体的实践。结合选项E“Yu write “Hi Nanna and Pp” because yu are clse t them. (你写“嗨，奶奶和爸爸”，因为你和他们很亲近。)”可知，符合这一逻辑。而且和空后结构一致。故选E项。
14.F根据空后“Texting, nline messaging, live chats while playing vide games all mean that they are cnstantly prducing written messages. (在玩电子游戏时发短信、在线消息、实时聊天都意味着他们在不断地产生书面信息。 )”可知，科技的发展让人们的写作变得更普遍。结合选项F“As technlgy develps, yung peple are writing mre than they ever have. (随着科技的发展，年轻人写的东西比以前更多了。)”可知，前后语意一致，符合语境。故选F项。
15.G根据空前“There is nthing wrng with this kind f writing. It suits the audience and the purpse and gets the jb dne. (这种写作方式并没有错。它迎合了观众和目的，完成了任务。)”可知，作者在评价这种科技影响下的写作方式。结合选项G“But if this is the nly kind f writing yung peple d, it will cause prblems. (但如果这是年轻人唯一的写作方式，那就会造成问题。)”可知，前后语意一致，从正反两方面评价科技带来的写作。故选G项。
23.【2021年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷】If the nly reading yu ever d is the nvel r magazine, the speed at which yu read -prbably des nt matter very much. But if yu have t read a great deal fr study, yu will appreciate the benefits f being able t read mre quickly. ____16____
·Befre yu pen the bk, make sure that yu are cmfrtable. Yu need a seat which supprts yur back and the bk shuld be at the right distance frm yur eyes. ____17____
____18____ Lk at the table f cntents, the preface, the chapter heading,etc.This will help yu t decide whether yu really need t read the whle bk r nly certain parts f it. Ten minutes spent in this way culd save yu quite a lt f time in the lng run.
If yu decide that yu need t read the whle bk, decide hw much yu can read at a time. ____19____ A histry bk which may cntain the facts in stry frm will be easier t read than ne dealing with scientific subjects. In the frmer case yu may be able t read a chapter. In the latter yu may nly be able t read ne page.
Always keep a pencil and paper beside yu. ____20____Nte als the facts imprtant fr yur purpse as well as anything which leads yu t further research. Yu dn't have t write these things in detail. It is enugh t put the page number and ne r tw wrds as a reminder .
A. Stp t have a rest nw and then.
B. Spend a few minutes lking thrugh the bk.
C. This depends n the type f bk yu are reading.
D. Here are sme tips t help imprve yur reading speed.
E. Make a nte f any page which is f special imprtance.
F. Yu may find yurself having t leam smething by heart.
G. Keep the rm cl rather than warm t avid feeling sleepy.
【答案】16. D 17. G 18. B 19. C 20. E
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些帮助提高阅读速度的建议。
【16题详解】
根据上文“If the nly reading yu ever d is the nvel r magazine, the speed at which yu read -prbably des nt matter very much. But if yu have t read a great deal fr study, yu will appreciate the benefits f being able t read mre quickly.（如果你唯一的阅读是小说或杂志，那么你阅读的速度可能并不重要。但是，如果你必须大量阅读来学习，你就会感激能够更快地阅读的好处。）”可知，接下来要介绍提高阅读速度的方法。D项：Here are sme tips t help imprve yur reading speed.（这里有一些帮助提高阅读速度的建议。）符合语境。故选D。
【17题详解】
根据本段主题句“Befre yu pen the bk, make sure that yu are cmfrtable.（在你打开书之前，确保你感到舒服。）”可知，本段主要说明要给自己创造舒适的阅读环境。G项：Keep the rm cl rather than warm t avid feeling sleepy.（保持房间凉爽而不是温暖以避免困倦。）符合语境。故选G。
【18题详解】
空处为段落主题句。根据下文“Lk at the table f cntents, the preface, the chapter heading,etc（查看目录、前言、章节标题等。）”可知，本段主要讲述在阅读一本书之前要先浏览一下大致内容。B项：Spend a few minutes lking thrugh the bk.（花几分钟浏览一下这本书。）符合语境。故选B。
【19题详解】
根据上文“If yu decide that yu need t read the whle bk, decide hw much yu can read at a time.（如果你决定要读完整本书，决定一下你一次能读多少。）”和下文“A histry bk which may cntain the facts in stry frm will be easier t read than ne dealing with scientific subjects.（以故事形式包含事实的历史书比科学题材的书更容易阅读。）”可知，看书时间的长短取决于书的类型。C项：This depends n the type f bk yu are reading.（这取决于你读的书的类型。）符合语境。故选C。
【20题详解】
根据段落主题句“Always keep a pencil and paper beside yu.（总是在身边放一支铅笔和一张纸。）”可知，本段强调要随时注意记笔记。E项：Make a nte f any page which is f special imprtance.（把任何有特别重要的一页都记下来。）符合语境。故选E。
24.【2021年全国甲卷】Swap, Dn’t shp!
Yu keep hearing abut recycling, right? But it desn't end with bttles, cans, and paper. Clthing takes a huge amunt f natural resurces（资源）t make, and buying lads f new clthing（r thrwing ut ld clthing）is nt healthy fr the envirnment. S what t d with all thse perfectly-gd-but-yu're-maybe-a-little-sick-f-them clthes piled n yur bedrm flr? ____16____. It's the best way t get rid f yur used clthes, scre clthes frm yur friends, and have a party all at the same time.
A successful swap depends n the selectin f clthes, the rganizatin f the event, and, bviusly, hw much fun is had. It's really easy t d! Here are a few pinters.
●Invite 5—10 peple s yu have a nice selectin. ____17____ , and there may nt be enugh things t chse frm; mre than that, and it becmes uncntrllable.
●____18____. They shuld als prepare plenty f reusable bags t carry their "new" clthes hme.
●Put different types f clthing n different surfaces in the rm.____19____. Place a few mirrrs arund yur rm s peple can see hw things lk when they try them n. One f the grund rules f the swap shuld be that everyne must try n the clthes befre they take them—things always lk different when yu put them n.
●Set a starting time. Maybe yu say “g,” r turn n a certain sng, r whatever. ____20____. And dn't frget t put ut sme ckies and fruits. Remember, it's a party!
A. Less peple than that
B. Hld a clthing swap
C. If tw peple are cmpeting
D. Just keep music playing thrughut
E. Dnate whatever clthes are left ver
F. Have everyne put their clthes in the right spts
G. Tell everyne t bring clean clthes in gd cnditin
【答案】16. B 17. A 18. G 19. F 20. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了通过衣物交换来处理旧衣服的方法——衣物交换派对，以及一些具体的流程。
【16题详解】
根据上文“S what t d with all thse perfectly- gd-but-yu 're- maybe-little-sick-f-them clthes piled n yur bedrm flr?（那么，该如何处理那些堆在卧室地板上的（看起来）完好但你可能有点厌倦的衣服呢？）”提出关于如何解决旧衣物的问题。下文“It's the best way t get rid f yur used clthes, scre clthes frm yur friends, and have a party all at the same time.（这是扔掉旧衣服、从朋友那里买衣服、同时开派对的最好方法。）”提到了具体处理旧衣物的方法。所以空白处应起承上启下的作用，承接上文讲到的问题，启下提出的方法。因而空白处是提出了一种处理旧衣物的好方法。B项“Hld a clthing swap.（进行衣物交换。）”给出了一种处理旧衣物的方法，承上启下，符合语境。故选B项。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Invite 5-10 peple s yu have a nice selectin.”（邀请5到10个人，这样你就有一个很好的选择。）说明了应该邀请的人数。下文“and there may nt be enugh things t chse frm; mre than that, and it becmes uncntrllable.”（可能没有足够的东西可供选择；多于这个数量，它就变得无法控制。）说明多于或少于一定数量的人数将会导致一些麻烦。所以空白处应是针对下文中的“mre than that”提出的相反的假设，即少于一定数量的人。A项“Less peple than that”（少于这些人）提出一种假设，和下文中“mre than that”相对，说明人数不宜太多，也不能太少，符合语境。故选A项。
【18题详解】
根据下文“They shuld als prepare plenty f reusable bags t carry their “new” clthes hme.”（他们还应该准备大量的可重复使用的袋子，把他们的“新”衣服带回家。）说明去的时候应该为交换所得的“新衣服”准备袋子。G项“Tell everyne t bring clean clthes in gd cnditin.”（告诉每个人带来品相完好的衣服。）说明去参加衣物交换的时候应该带完好的衣服，其中的bring和下文中carry相对，都是为交换衣物所做的准备。下文中的als也是提示词，并且其中They指代G项的everyne。所以G项符合语境。故选G项。
【19题详解】
根据上文“Put different types f clthing n different surfaces in the rm.”（把不同类型的衣服放在房间的不同地方。）指出衣服应该归类放置。下文“Place a few mirrrs arund yur rm s peple can see hw things lk when they try them n.”（在房间周围放几面镜子，这样人们试穿时就能看到衣服的样子。）提到了放置镜子的意义。由此可见，本段讲述的是房间里的一些具体的做法，所以空白处一样要提出人们在房间里要做什么。F项“Have everyne put their clthes in the right spts.（让每个人的衣服都放在相应的位置上。）”说明每个人应该按照不同类型把衣服摆放在相应的位置，符合语境。故选F项。
【20题详解】
上文“Set a starting time. Maybe yu say “g,” r turn n a certain sng, r whatever.”（设置开始时间。也许你说“开始”，或者打开一首歌，或者无论什么。）打开音乐或者无论什么，意味聚会开始。下文“And dn't frget t put ut sme ckies and fruits. Remember, it's a party!”（别忘了拿出一些饼干和水果。记住，这是个派对！）讲到了聚会上应该提供一些派对该有的服务。因而，空白处应是承接上文，讲述聚会期间要保持应有的内容。D项“Just keep music playing thrughut.”（要始终播放音乐。）承上启下，说明在派对上要有音乐，与前文形成意义上的一致，符合题意，故选D项。
25.【2021年全国乙卷】Accrding t Jessica Hagy, authr f Hw t Be Interesting, it’s nt difficult t make yurself interesting at a dinner party.
___36___, if yu’re ut f yur cmfrt zne r if yu’re wandering int smebdy’s huse fr the first time. S the main thing is just t shw up and be adventurus, trying different fds and talking t strangers.
Peple lve t talk abut themselves. If yu can start the cnversatin with a questin ther than “What d yu d fr a living?”, yu’ll be able t get a lt mre interesting cnversatin ut f whmever it is yu’re talking t. ___37___, it can bring in “I have this ld, brken-dwn vehicle” r “I rde the bus with these crazy peple wh were laughing at silly jkes in the back.” It just pens up cnversatin.
___38___? If yu can’t take their wine away, yu shuld certainly try t take away their sapbx （讲台）. If yu’re the hst, yu can ask them t help yu in the kitchen with smething and just remve them frm the situatin.___39___.
And what abut that ther dinner-party killer: awkward silence? If yu’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the nly thing that always gets everyne talking again is t give the hst a cmpliment（赞扬）. ___40___. Just quickly turn arund and say, “This cake is extremely delicius and yu have t tell me all abut it.”
S being interesting at a dinner party isn’t that hard.
A. Hw d yu knw the hst
B. The first step is t g explring
C. If yu ask the questin “Hw did yu get here?”
D. Be prepared t have awkward cnversatins with strangers
E. Or turn the cnversatin int a tpic where they have little t say
F. What abut that persn wh had t much t drink r wn’t stp talking
G. He r she is the persn wh is feeling the weight f that awkwardness the mst
【答案】36. B 37. C 38. F 39. E 40. G
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在晚宴上让自己表现得有趣的一些方法。
【36题详解】
根据上文“it’s nt difficult t make yurself interesting at a dinner party (在晚宴上让自己变得有趣并不难)”可知，下文应主要讲述如何在晚宴上让自己变得有趣。下文“S the main thing is just t shw up and be adventurus, trying different fds and talking t strangers. (所以最主要的事情就是去尝试，去冒险，尝试不同的食物，和陌生人交谈)”可推知，本段主要说明想在晚宴上让自己变得有趣，就要勇于冒险，勇于探索。由此可知，B项“The first step is t g explring(第一步是去探索)”承上启下，符合题意。故选B项。
【37题详解】
根据下文“it can bring in “I have this ld, brken-dwn vehicle” r “I rde the bus with these crazy peple wh were laughing at silly jkes in the back.” It just pens up cnversatin. (它可以带入“我有这辆破旧的车”或“我和那些在后面嘲笑愚蠢笑话的疯子一起乘坐公共汽车。”它只是打开了对话)”可知，设空处应该是提了一个不太好的问题，只是开始交流，但并不会给人留下有趣的印象。由此可知，C项“If yu ask the questin “Hw did yu get here?”(如果你问“你是怎么到这里来的？”这个问题)”能够承接下文，符合题意。故选C项。
【38题详解】
根据下文“If yu can’t take their wine away, yu shuld certainly try t take away their sapbx. If yu’re the hst, yu can ask them t help yu in the kitchen with smething and just remve them frm the situatin. (如果你不能拿走他们的酒，你当然应该让他们离开讲话的地方。如果你是主人，你可以让他们到厨房帮你做点什么，只是为了让他们摆脱那种情景)”可知，此处指出了一个问题的解决办法。由此推知，设空处提到了一个棘手的问题。F项“What abut the persn wh has had t much t drink r wn’t stp talking(喝太多酒或一直说个不停的人怎么办)”正是提出的问题，引出下文的解决办法，符合题意。故选F项。
【39题详解】
根据上文“If yu can’t take their wine away, yu shuld certainly try t take away their sapbx (讲台). If yu’re the hst, yu can ask them t help yu in the kitchen with smething and just remve them frm the situatin. (如果你不能拿走他们的酒，你当然应该让他们离开讲话的地方。如果你是主人，你可以让他们到厨房帮你做点什么，只是为了让他们摆脱那种情景)”可知，本段主要是为解决“喝太多酒或一直说个不停”这个问题提供方法。由此可知，E项“Or turn the cnversatin int a tpic where they have little t say(或者把谈话变成他们没什么可说的话题)”是提出的另一个解决办法，承接上文，符合题意。故选E项。
【40题详解】
根据上文“If yu’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the nly thing that always gets everyne talking again is t give the hst a cmpliment.(如果你在晚宴上遭遇了尴尬的沉默，唯一能让大家再次交谈的方法就是赞美主人)”可知，此处指出赞美主人可以缓解尴尬的沉默，设空处承上启下，下文“This cake is extremely delicius and yu have t tell me all abut it.(这蛋糕特别好吃，你得告诉我它的一切)”对主人进行了赞美。由此可知，宴会上出现尴尬的沉默时，最尴尬的就是主人，所以需要赞美主人来缓解尴尬。G项“He r she is the persn wh is feeling the weight f that awkwardness the mst(他或她是最能感受到那种尴尬的人)”承上启下，符合题意。故选G项
26.【2021年北京卷】Music has lng been cnsidered t be an enjyable pastime fr many peple． ____35____ The mental health benefits frm music can't be argued．Music culd als be helping yu with many ther health prblems behind the scenes．
____36____Hwever，fr the same reasn，music can be very beneficial if ne is in pain．By distracting （分心） the mind frm the pain，music，peple say，can lwer stress and anxiety levels．This，f curse，can lead t less pain．
Many peple enjy relaxing music in the evening prir t ging t bed．____37____While the validity f the idea is still being assessed，the lwered stress can even be tied back t bld pressure．Similarly, accrding t researchers，listening t just 30 minutes f sft music every day may help with healthy bld sugar levels， thrugh the lwering f stress and anxiety．
When it cmes t heart health，there is speculatin （推测） that it's nt the style f music， but rather the temp that makes it s gd fr yur heart health．In ne Eurpean study，participants listened t music as the researchers mnitred their heart rates and bld pressure．____38____ On the ther hand，when the music slwed，the participants' stress and anxiety levels became lwer and the effects n heart rates appeared t fllw suit．
____39____But there is a whle range f ther health issues that turning up the radi culd be beneficial fr，which is what makes music s valuable．
A. This feeling can als result in many ther health prblems．
B. Sme experts say that music can be harmful if it is t lud．
C. This idea is a little ff-the-wall but still has scientific backing．
D. They say it can play a big rle in calming the brain enugh t sleep．
E. The implicatins f music n verall well-being are really impressive．
F. It is als highly ppular due t the individualized effects n stress and anxiety．
G. Interestingly，the mre cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were．
【答案】35. F 36. B 37. D 38. G 39. E
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是音乐对身体的好处。
【35题详解】
空格后说“The mental health benefits frm music can't be argued”（音乐对心理健康的益处是毋庸置疑的），F选项It is als highly ppular due t the individualized effects n stress and anxiety中的stress and anxiety照应了mental health benefits，因此F选项切合题意，故选F。
【36题详解】
空格后说“Hwever，fr the same reasn，music can be very beneficial if ne is in pain”（然而，出于同样的原因，当一个人处于痛苦中时，音乐是非常有益的），Hwever表转折，因此空格处为对音乐的负面评价，B选项Sme experts say that music can be harmful if it is t lud中的harmful就是负面评价，因此B选项切合题意，故选B。
【37题详解】
空格前说“Many peple enjy relaxing music in the evening prir t ging t bed”（许多人喜欢在晚上睡觉前听些轻松的音乐），D选项They say it can play a big rle in calming the brain enugh t sleep中的sleep和ging t bed相呼应，因此D选项切合题意，故选D。
【38题详解】
空格前说“In ne Eurpean study，participants listened t music as the researchers mnitred their heart rates and bld pressure”（在欧洲的一项研究中，参与者听音乐，研究人员监测他们的心率和血压），G选项Interestingly，the mre cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were中的heart rates和前面的heart rates相照应，因此G选项切合题意，故选G。
【39题详解】
空格后说“But there is a whle range f ther health issues that turning up the radi culd be beneficial fr，which is what makes music s valuable”（但是，开着收音机还可以对一系列其他的健康问题有益，这就是音乐如此有价值的原因），因此本段讲的是音乐对身体总的好处，E选项The implicatins f music n verall well-being are really impressive讲的是音乐对整体健康的影响是非常令人印象深刻的，因此E选项切合题意，故选E。
27.【2021年浙江卷1月】Yu run int the grcery stre t pick up ne bttle f water. Yu get what yu need, head t the frnt, and chse the line that lks fastest.
Yu chse wrng. Peple wh yu swear gt in ther lines lng after yu are already checked ut and ff t the parking lt. 11．
It turns ut, it's just math wrking against yu; chances are, the ther line really is faster.
Grcery stres try t have enugh emplyees at checkut t get all their custmers thrugh with minimum delay. 12．Any small interruptin - a price check, a chatty custmer-can have dwnstream effects, hlding up an entire line.
If there are three lines in the stre, delays will happen randmly at different registers. Think abut the prbability:13．S it's nt just in yur mind: Anther line prbably is mving faster.
Researchers have a gd way t deal with this prblem. Make all custmers stand in ne lng, snaking line- called a serpentine line - and serve each persn at the frnt with the next available register. 14．This is what they d at mst banks and fast-fd restaurants. With a serpentine line, a lng delay at ne register wn't unfairly punish the peple wh lined up behind it. Instead, it will slw dwn everyne a little bit but speed up checkut verall.
15．It takes many registers t keep ne line mving quickly, and sme stres can't affrd the space r manpwer. S wherever yur next wait may be: Gd luck.
A．Why des this always seem t happen t yu?
B．S why dn't mst places encurage serpentine lines?
C．Sme f the may have std in a queue fr almst an hur.
D．The chances f yur line being the fastest are nly ne in three.
E.Hw high is the prbability that yu are in the fastest waiting line?
F.With three registers, this methd is much faster than the traditinal apprach.
G.But smetimes, as n a Sunday afternn, the system gets particularly busy.
【解析】本文是说明文。文章说明了杂货店排队方式以及研究人员提出的蛇形队伍的新方式，并分析了各自的利弊。
11．A下文“It turns ut, it's just math wrking against yu; chances are, the ther line really is faster. （原来，这只是你的数学问题；很可能，另一个队伍真的更快。）”解释了上文“Yu chse wrng.(你选错了)”的原因，下文与空格处是因果关系，所以本空应该是对前文选错提出疑惑，故选A项。
12．G上文“Grcery stres try t have enugh emplyees at checkut t get all their custmers thrugh with minimum delay.（杂货店尽量让足够的员工在结账时让所有的顾客以最小的延误完成结账。）”解释了杂货店之前的工作模式，下文“Any small interruptin a price check, a chatty custmer -can have dwnstream effects, hlding up an entire line.（任何一个小小的中断，一个价格检查，一个喋喋不休的顾客，都会产生下游效应，拖住整个生产线。）”描述了杂货店的特殊情况，故本空应该填出现特殊情况的原因，故选G项。
13．D根据上文“If there are three lines in the stre, delays will happen randmly at different registers. （如果杂货店中有三列队伍，延迟将在不同的队伍中随机发生。）”联系下文“S it's nt just in yur mind: Anther line prbably is mving faster.（所以这不仅仅是在你的脑海里：另一条队伍可能移动得更快。）”可知本空说的是任何一个队伍都有可能出现问题。你的队伍跑得最快的几率只有三分之一。故选D项。
14．F根据“上文Researchers have a gd way t deal with this prblem.(我们得知研究人员有一个很好的方法来处理这个问题)”以及下文“This is what they d at mst banks and fast-fd restaurants. With a serpentine line, a lng delay at ne register wn't unfairly punish the peple wh lined up behind it. Instead, it will slw dwn everyne little bit but speed up checkut verall.（这个大多数银行和快餐店都是这样做的。有了一条蜿蜒的队伍，在一个登记处长时间拖延不会不公平地惩罚后面排队的人。相反，它会减慢每个人一点点，但加快了整体结帐速度。）”说明这个新方案迅速有效，联系上下文可知，空格中应该是与旧的结账方案作比较。故选F项。
15．B结合下文“It takes many registers t keep ne line mving quickly, and sme stres can't affrd the space r manpwer.（要保持一条生产线的快速运转，需要很多的收银机，而且有些商店负担不起空间和人力。）”说明了一个原因，由此可知，空格处提出了一个问题；通过“It takes many registers t keep ne line mving quickly.(保持一条生产线的快速运转)”可知这里描述的是不鼓励蛇形队伍的原因。故选B项。
28.【2020年新课标Ⅰ】A Few Tips fr Self-Acceptance
We all want it… t accept and lve urselves. But at times it seems t difficult and t far ut f reach. 36. Here’s a handful f ways that will set yu in the right directin.
●37. D nt fllw the peple wh make yu feel nt-gd-enugh. Why d yu fllw them? Are yu hping that eventually yu will feel empwered because yur life is better than theirs? Knw that yur life is yur wn;yu are the nly yu in this wrld.
●Frgive yurself fr mistakes that yu have made. We are ften ashamed f ur shrtcmings, ur mistakes and ur failures. 38. Yu will make mistakes, time and time again. Rather than getting caught up in hw yu culd have dne better, why nt ffer yurself a cmpassinate (有同情心) respnse? ＂That didn’t g as planned. But, I tried my best.＂
●Recgnize all f yur strengths. Write them dwn in a jurnal. Begin t train yur brain t lk at strength befre weakness. List all f yur accmplishments and achievements. Yu have a jb, earned yur degree, and yu gt ut f bed tday. 39.
●Nw that yu’ve listed yur strengths, list yur imperfectins. Turn the page in yur jurnal. Put int wrds why yu feel unwrthy, why yu dn’t feel gd enugh. Nw, read these wrds back t yurself. 40. Turn t a page in yur jurnal t yur list f strengths and achievements. See hw awesme yu are?
A. Feeling upset again?
B. Where d yu start?
C. Nthing is t small t celebrate.
D. Remember, yu are nly human.
E.Set an intentin fr self-acceptance.
F.Stp cmparing yurself with thers.
G.When des the cmparisn game start?
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个自我接纳的小技巧。
36.B 根据题目A Few Tips fr Self-acceptance(自我接纳的几点建议)及下文的Here's a handful f ways that will set yu in the right directin.(这有很多可以帮你找到正确方向的方法。)可知，选项B. Where d yu start? (从哪里开始那？)最合下文语境，故选B项。
37.F 根据下文Are yu hping that eventually yu will feel empwered because yur life is better than theirs? Knw that yur life is yur wn; yu are the nly ne in this wrld.(你是否希望最终你会因为自己的生活比他们的好而感到有力量？要知道，你的生活是你自己的；你在这个世界上是独一无二的。)可知，本段主要讲述不要把自己和别人作比较，因为生活是我们自己的，我们也是世界上独一无二的。故F. Stp cmparing yurself with thers.(停止把自己和别人进行比较。)可以作为本段中心句，故选F项。
38. D根据本文的中心句Frgive yurself fr mistakes that yu have made. (原谅自己所犯的错误。)及下文的Yu will make mistakes, time and time again. (你会一次又一次地犯错误。)可知，本句是在说明要讲自己看作一个普通人，普通人是会犯错的。选项D. Remember, yu are nly human.(记住，你只是个人。)与上下文衔接最好，故选D项。
39. C根据上文List all f yur accmplishments and achievements. Yu have a jb, earned yur degree, and yu gt ut f bed tday.(列出你所有的成就。你有了一份工作，拿到了学位，今天你拜托了困境。)可知，这些小事都是你取得的成就，都值得庆祝，即没有什么事是太小而不值得庆祝的。故选C项。
40.A 结合上文Put int wrds why yu feel unwrthy, why yu dn't feel gd enugh. Nw, read these wrds back t yurself.(用语言来解释为什么你觉得自己不值得，为什么你觉得自己不够好。现在，自己读一下这些话。)和下文的Turn t a page in yur jurnal t yur list f strengths and achievements. See hw awesme yu are? (翻到你日记本上记下你的优点和成就的那页。看到你有多棒了吗？)可推知本句是在说明“再次感到心烦意乱”的情况。选项A. Feeling upset again?(再次感觉心烦意乱了吗？)最合上下文语境，故选A项。
29.【2020年新课标Ⅱ】Emji(表情符号) and Wrkplace Cmmunicatin
In Asia, messaging platfrms are grwing rapidly, with users in the hundreds f millins, bth at wrk and play. 36. . It’s been reprted that 76 percent f emplyees in sme western cuntries are using emjis at wrk.
Written cmmunicatins can ften read as cld and dull. Using emjis can add humr and feeling, keeping intentin clear. 37. , encuraging better and mre frequent cmmunicatin.
In any given ffice, emplyees can range frm age 22 t 70 and beynd, and finding cmmn grund in cmmunicatin style can be a challenge. 38. . While the yunger generatins prefer t cmmunicate visually, fr thse used t wrking with traditinal tls like email, it may feel like a learning curve(曲线). The gd news is that it’s simple t learn and can be wrth the effrt.
There is als the matter f tne(语气). Wh hasn’t received an email s annying that it ruined an entire day? 39. . Emji can help cmmunicatin feel friendlier, and even a serius nte can be sftened with an encuraging smile.
40. , and emji can cntribute directly t that psitive utcme. And when yur emplyees begin adding smiling emjis t their business cmmunicatin, yu’ll knw yu have succeeded in imprving yur wrk culture.
A. Message with emjis feel mre cnversatinal
B. Even a frmal email can seem cld and unfriendly
C. Sending smiling faces t clleagues may seem strange
D. The ppularity f these platfrms is spreading glbally
E.Giving emplyees the tls enables them t cmmunicate hnestly
F.Studies shw that friendlier cmmunicatin leads t a happier wrkplace
G.An easy way t bring all wrk generatins tgether is with a chat platfrm
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了表情符号以及在工作交流所带来的优势。
36.D 根据前句“In Asia, messaging platfrms are grwing rapidly, with users in the hundreds f millins, bth at wrk and play.(在亚洲，即时通讯平台正在迅速发展，无论是工作还是娱乐，都有数亿用户)”和后句“It's been reprted that 76 percent f emplyees in sme western cuntries are using emjis at wrk.(据报道，在一些西方国家，76%的员工在工作中使用表情符号)”可知，前后句都说明了即时通讯平台受欢迎程度。所以选择项D. The ppularity f these platfrms is spreading glbally. (这些平台的受欢迎程度正在全球蔓延)符合题意。故选D。
37. A根据前句“Using emjis can add humr and feeling, keeping intentin clear.(使用表情符号可以增加幽默和感情，保持明确的意图)”和后半句“encuraging better and mre frequent cmmunicatin.(鼓励更好更频繁的交流)”可知，这里陈述使用表情符号的优点。所以选择项A. Messages with Emjis feel mre cnversatinal. (使用表情符号的信息让人感觉更健谈)符合题意。故选A。
38.G 根据前句“In any given ffice, emplyees can range frm age 22 t 70 and beynd, and finding cmmn grund in cmmunicatin can be a challenge. (在任何一间办公室，员工的年龄从22岁到70岁甚至更大，在交流中找到共同点可能是一项挑战)” 中关键词句“emplyees can range frm age 22 t 70 and beynd,”与选择项中“all wrk generatins”是一致的。故选G。
39.B 根据前句“ Wh hasn’t received an email s annying that it ruined an entire day? (谁没有收到过毁掉了一整天的邮件呢？)”和后文介绍表情的优点，可知，这里陈述电子邮件的缺点。所以选择项B. Even a frmal email can seem cld and unfriendly. (即使是一封正式的电子邮件也会显得冷淡和不友好)故选B。
40. F根据后句“and Emji can cntribute directly t that psitive utcme. (并且表情符号可以直接促成这种积极的结果)”可知，这里陈述表情符号能给工作场所带来的好处。所以选择项F. Studies shw that friendlier cmmunicatin leads t a happier wrkplace. (研究表明，更友好的沟通会带来更快乐的工作场所)故选F。
30.【2020年新课标Ⅲ】 A husewarming party is a special party t be held when smene buys r mves int a new apartment r huse. The persn wh bught the huse r mved is the ne wh thrws the party. The party is a chance fr friends and family t cngratulate the persn n the new hme. 36. And it is gd time t fill the new space with lve and hpeful presents.
37. Sme peple register a list f things they want r need fr their new hme at a lcal stres. Sme cmmn things peple will put n a gift registry include kitchen tls like knives and things like curtains. Even if there isn’t a registry, a gd husewarming gift is smething t decrate the new huse with, like a piece f art r a plant.
38. This is ften appreciated since at a husewarming there isn’t a lt f fd served. There are usually n planned activities like games at a husewarming party. The hst r hstess f the party will, hwever, prbably give all the guests a tur f their new hme. Smetimes, because a husewarming party happens shrtly after a persn mves int their new hme, peple may be asked t help unpack bxes. 39.
Husewarming parties get their name frm the fact that a lng time ag peple wuld actually bring firewd t a new hme as a gift. 40. Nw mst hmes have central heating and dn’t use fires t keep warm.
A. This isn’t usual thugh.
B. It is traditinal t bring a gift t a husewarming party.
C. Yu can als bring fd r drinks t share with the ther guests.
D. If yu’re lucky enugh t receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.
E.It als gives peple a chance t see what the new hme lks like.
F.The best husewarming parties encurage ld friends t get tgether.
G.This was s that the persn culd keep their hme warm fr the winter.
【解析】本文是说明文，介绍了乔迁聚会的目的，礼物的选取，活动安排和名称的由来。
36.E 上句 The party is a chance fr friends and family t cngratulate the persn n the new hme.(这个聚会是朋友和家人祝贺新家的机会)。介绍庆祝乔迁之喜的聚会是亲戚朋友祝贺搬新家的人的一次机会，下句 And it is a gd time t fill the new space with lve and hpefully presents.(现在是时候用爱和希望的礼物来填补新家了)。介绍这也是给新家装满爱和希望礼物的好时机。E项：它也给了人们一次看看新家什么样的机会。与上下句并列，都是庆祝乔迁之喜聚会的目的，故选E。
37. B下文Sme cmmn things peple will put n a gift registry include kitchen tls like knives and things like curtains.和like a piece f art r a plant. 列举了参加聚会所带礼物的清单，可以是厨房工具、窗帘、艺术品或绿植。这些都和参加聚会带礼物有关，B项：带礼物去参加乔迁派对是一种传统，概括了本段内容，引出下文，故选B。
38.C 本段介绍了聚会的活动安排，根据后文This is ften appreciated since at a husewarming there isn' t a lt f fd served.(这一点通常是值得赞赏的，因为在乔迁派对上不会提供很多食物)。指出因为新搬家，所以主人不会准备太丰盛的食物或太多的活动。那么本句是在建议你可以带上自己的食物或饮料与其他客人分享搬家，所以主人不会准备太丰盛的食物或太多的活动。C项：你也可以带上食物或饮料与其他客人分享。故选C。
39. A本段提到在乔迁聚会上人们会聚餐，主人带领客人参观新家。上句提到，由于乔迁聚会是在搬进新家后不久举行的，人们可能会被要求帮助打开箱子。根据常识可知在乔迁聚会上让客人们帮忙干活是不常见的，A项：但这并不常见。表达了此意，与上文衔接，故选A。
40.G 上句介绍了乔迁聚会名称的由来，根据bring firewd t a new hme as a gift.可知人们会带柴火作为礼物，那么本空承接上文说明了带柴火的目的和作用。G项：这样人们就可以在冬天的时候保持家里温暖。符合语境。故选G。
31.【2020年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷（山东卷）】 Sme individuals are brn with a gift fr public speaking.16. D yu want t be a gd public speaker? Here are sme principles yu must master.
Peple want t listen t smene wh is interesting, relaxed and cmfrtable. T ften when yu stand up t give a speech, yu fcus n the “public”at the expense f the”speaking. “ 17. Fcus n the speaking. Talk directly t yur audience, be yurself and make a cnnectin.
Even the mst successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the nly ne wh cares abut any mistake is the ne wh is speaking. Peple’s attentin wanders cnstantly. In fact,mst peple nly absrb abut 20 percent f a speaker’s message. S, dn’t stp speaking when yu make a mistake unless it’s a truly serius ne.18.
Yur gal is nt t be a perfect public speaker.19. And like everything else in life, that takes practice. Remember, even wrld champin athletes practice their skills n a cnsistent basis.
20. It’s rare t hear smene say, “I wish that speaker had spken lnger. “On the ther hand, yu prbably can’t cunt the times that yu’ve thught, “I’m glad that talk is ver. It seemed t g n frever! “S surprise yur audience. Always make yur presentatin just a bit shrter than anticipated. It’s better t leave yur listeners wishing fr mre than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting fr yur speech finally t end.
A. D the ppsite.
B. Yu want t be an effective public speaker.
C. Yu dn’ t need t aplgize fr a minr slip.
D. When it cmes t public speaking, less is usually mre.
E.The bjective f mst speeches is t benefit the audience
F.Take the fear ut f public speaking by fcusing n yur listeners
G.Hwever, the majrity f peple are effective speakers because they train t be.
【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了成为好的演讲者需要掌握的一些原则。
16.G 本文主题是介绍成为好的演讲者要掌握的一些原则。上句提到有些人生来就有演讲的天赋。G项:然而，大多数人之所以能成为有影响的演讲者，是因为他们受过训练。与上句转折，引出本文主题--演讲者要训练。故选G。
17.A 下句Fcus n the speaking.是本段主题，建议演讲者把注意力集中在演讲上。上句提到一种常见现象，当站起来发表演讲时，演讲者往往会把注意力放在”公众”上，而不是”演讲”上。这是错误的做法，A项D the ppsite.承上启下，说明了上句做法的错误，引出了下句正确的做法。故选A。
18.C 本段提到即使成功的演讲者也会犯错误，观众不会太在意你的错误。上句建议当出错时不要停止演讲，除非是非常严重的错误。C项:你不需要为一个小失误道歉。与上句承接，是对待演讲出错的方法。故选C。
19. B本段是说明练习的重要性。上句提到你的目标不是成为一个完美的演说家，下句应该说明目标是什么。B. Yu want t be an effective public speaker.与上句衔接，是我们演讲的真正目的。故选B。
20.D 下文提到观众并不是认为演讲越长越好，根据 Always make yur presentatin just a bit shrter than anticipated.可知，作者建议让演讲比预期的短一点，给观众更多的期待胜过让他们坐立不安地等待演讲结束。D项:公开演讲时，通常少就是多。说明了演讲时，多和少的辩证关系。故选D。
32.【2020年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷（海南卷）】Talking with yur dctr
Talking freely with yur dctr can make yu feel better and gives yur dctr the infrmatin she r he needs t give yu the best care. Dn't be afraid r embarrassed t discuss smething that is bthering yu.____16____
●Stay psitive.
G t yur dctr's visits with a gd attitude.____17____Think teamwrk! Think psitive!
●Keep track f hw yu are feeling.
____18____This will make it easier fr yu t answer questins abut yur symptms（症状）and hw medicines make yu feel. It als makes it easier fr yu t bring up anything that yu are wrried abut. Make sure t be hnest abut hw yu feel and hw lng yu've felt that way.
●____19____
Yur medical histry is a list f yur illnesses, treatments, what the dctrs tld yu t d, and anything else yu think yur dctr shuld knw. Als, if yu are allergic（过敏）t any medicines, be sure t mentin that t yur dctr.
●Ask questins.
D nt be afraid t ask yur dctr any questins yu have. T remember all the questins yu have when yu are nt in the dctr's ffice, write them dwn and bring the list with yu t yur appintment.____20____Remember—there's n such thing as a stupid questin. If yu dn't understand the answer t a questin, ask the dctr t explain it again until yu d understand.
A. This will make getting answers easier.
B. Here are sme tips fr talking with yur dctr.
C. Yu can talk t anther dctr if the treatments dn't wrk.
D. Befre yur dctr's visit, keep ntes n hw yu are feeling.
E. Remember, yur dctr and ther caregivers are n yur side.
F. Bring yur medical histry, including a list f yur current medicines.
G. Writing dwn what the dctr says will help yu remember imprtant infrmatin.
【答案】16. B 17. E 18. D 19. F 20. A
【解析】这是一篇应用文，文章讲述了与医生谈话的几个小建议。
【16题详解】
根据文章第一段“Talking freely with yur dctr can make yu feel better and gives yur dctr the infrmatin she r he needs t give yu the best care. Dn't be afraid r embarrassed t discuss smething that is bthering yu.”可知，与你的医生畅所欲言可以让你感觉好些，并向你的医生提供她或他需要的信息，以便为你提供最好的护理。不要害怕或尴尬地讨论困扰你的事情。再结合下文为几条具体的建议，所以B项：Here are sme tips fr talking with yur dctr.（这里有一些与你的医生交谈的小建议。）符合题意，为顺承关系，故选B。
【17题详解】
根据文章第二段“teamwrk!”意为团队可知，E项：Remember, yur dctr and ther caregivers are n yur side.（记住，你的医生和其他护理人员都站在你这边。）与此呼应，故选E。
【18题详解】
根据文章“This will make it easier fr yu t answer questins abut yur symptms（症状）and hw medicines make yu feel. It als makes it easier fr yu t bring up anything that yu are wrried abut. Make sure t be hnest abut hw yu feel and hw lng yu've felt that way.”可知，这将使你更容易回答关于你的症状和药物让你感觉如何的问题。这也让你更容易提出你担心的任何事情。一定要诚实地说出你的感受，以及你这种感觉持续了多久。由此可知，这都是在讲感受，故D项：Befre yur dctr's visit, keep ntes n hw yu are feeling.（在你的医生来之前，记下你的感受。）与之呼应，故选D。
【19题详解】
根据文章“Yur medical histry is a list f yur illnesses, treatments, what the dctrs tld yu t d, and anything else yu think yur dctr shuld knw. Als, if yu are allergic（过敏）t any medicines, be sure t mentin that t yur dctr.”可知，你的病史是你的疾病，治疗，医生告诉你做什么，以及你认为你的医生应该知道的任何事情的清单。如果你有过敏的话，你也要提一下。因此可知看出，这是关于病史和清单的，故F项：Bring yur medical histry, including a list f yur current medicines.（带上你的病史，包括你目前的药物清单。）符合题意，相呼应，故选F。
【20题详解】
根据文章“D nt be afraid t ask yur dctr any questins yu have. T remember all the questins yu have when yu are nt in the dctr's ffice, write them dwn and bring the list with yu t yur appintment.”可知，不要害怕问你的医生你有的任何问题。当你不在医生办公室时，为了记住你的所有问题，把它们写下来，并带着清单去你的预约。以及“Remember—there's n such thing as a stupid questin. If yu dn't understand the answer t a questin, ask the dctr t explain it again until yu d understand.”可知，记住，没有什么愚蠢的问题。如果你不明白问题的答案，请医生再解释一遍，直到你明白为止。因此中间缺少过渡句，故A项：This will make getting answers easier.（这将使获得答案更容易。）正好可以连接两句，故选A。
33.【2020年北京卷】Many peple think that psitive thinking is mstly abut keeping ne's head in the sand and ignring daily prblems, trying t lk ptimistic. In reality it has mre t d with the way an individual talks t himself. Self-talk is a cnstant stream f thughts f a persn, wh is ften unaware and uncertain f sme events, phenmena, peple, r even the persn himself.____46____Meanwhile, psitive thinking can help t stp negative self-talks and start t frm a psitive view n an issue. Peple wh regularly practise psitive thinking tend t slve prblems mre effectively. They are less expsed t stress caused by external factrs. They tend t believe in themselves and in what they d.
____47____Peple wh think psitively demnstrate increased life spans, lwer rates f depressin and anxiety, better physical and psychlgical health, reduced risks f death frm heart prblems. Psitive thinking als cntributes t ne's ability t deal with prblems and hardships.____48____Fr example, researchers have fund that in the case f a crisis accmpanied by strng emtins, such as a natural disaster, psitive thinking can prvide a srt f buffer against depressin and anxiety. Resilient peple wh think psitively tend t treat every prblem as a challenge, a chance fr imprvement f any kind, r as an pprtunity fr persnal grwth. Pessimists, n the cntrary, tend t perceive prblems as a surce f additinal stress.____49____
In cnclusin, psitive thinking is a pwerful and effective tl fr dealing with hard times and imprving the quality f ne's life. It desn't have anything t d with ignrant ptimism when an individual refuses t ntice a prblem.____50____
Thinking in a psitive, self-encuraging way brings abut many benefits t ne's physical and mental health.
A. It desn't cause any severe emtinal discmfrt, either.
B. Negative self-talk damages self-cnfidence and decreases self-respect.
C. It helps ne t remain clear-headed and cnfident in difficult situatins.
D. Psitive thinking has several beneficial effects n the bdy and the mind.
E. As thinking changes, an individual's behaviur and habits change as well.
F. They ften ffer a real alternative t the cmmn and regular way f thinking.
G. They ften feel discuraged lng befre trying t slve the prblem, even if small.
【答案】46. B 47. D 48. C 49. G 50. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了积极思考对人产生的各种益处，同时将积极思考者与悲观主义者相比较，分析两种人的差异。积极思维是应对困难时期和提高个人生活质量的强大而有效的工具。
【46题详解】
根据上文“Self-talk is a cnstant stream f thughts f a persn, wh is ften unaware and uncertain f sme events, phenmena, peple, r even the persn himself.(自我对话是一个人持续不断的想法，他常常对一些事件、现象、人，甚至是他自己都没有意识和不确定)”以及后文“Meanwhile, psitive thinking can help t stp negative self-talks and start t frm a psitive view n an issue.(同时，积极的思考可以帮助停止消极的自我对话，开始形成对一个问题的积极的观点)”由此可知，上文对自我对话进行了定义，后文则提到了积极的思考可以有助于停止消极的自我对话，可知本句是在说明消极的自我对话对人的不良影响。后文中negative self-talks可对应到B选项中Negative self-talk。故B选项“消极的自言自语会损害自信，降低自尊”符合语境，故选B。
【47题详解】
根据后文“Peple wh think psitively demnstrate increased life spans, lwer rates f depressin and anxiety, better physical and psychlgical health, reduced risks f death frm heart prblems. Psitive thinking als cntributes t ne's ability t deal with prblems and hardships.(积极思考的人寿命更长，抑郁和焦虑率更低，身心更健康，死于心脏问题的风险更低。积极的思考也有助于一个人处理问题和困难的能力)”由此可知，后文提到了积极思考对人的益处，后文中Peple wh think psitively以及Psitive thinking可对应到D选项中Psitive thinking。故D选项“积极思考对身心有几个有益的影响”符合语境，故选D。
【48题详解】
根据后文“Fr example, researchers have fund that in the case f a crisis accmpanied by strng emtins, such as a natural disaster, psitive thinking can prvide a srt f buffer against depressin and anxiety.(例如，研究人员发现，当危机伴随着强烈的情绪时，比如自然灾害，积极的思考可以为抑郁和焦虑提供一种缓冲)”可知，后文举出的例子说明了积极思考可以让一个人在面临危机时，保持冷静。故C选项“它帮助一个人在困难的情况下保持头脑清醒和自信”符合语境，故选C。
【49题详解】
根据上文“Resilient peple wh think psitively tend t treat every prblem as a challenge, a chance fr imprvement f any kind, r as an pprtunity fr persnal grwth. Pessimists, n the cntrary, tend t perceive prblems as a surce f additinal stress.(积极思考的、有韧性的人倾向于把每一个问题都看作是一个挑战，一个改进的机会，或者一个个人成长的机会。相反，悲观主义者倾向于将问题视为额外压力的来源)可知，上文在将积极思考者与悲观主义者相比较，本句应承接上文，进一步解释说明悲观主义者在解决问题时一些性格特点。上文Pessimists可对应到G选项中They。故G选项“他们常常在试图解决问题之前就感到气馁，即使是很小的问题”符合语境，故选G。
【50题详解】
根据上文“In cnclusin, psitive thinking is a pwerful and effective tl fr dealing with hard times and imprving the quality f ne's life. It desn't have anything t d with ignrant ptimism when an individual refuses t ntice a prblem. (总之，积极思考是应对困难时期和提高个人生活质量的强大而有效的工具。当一个人拒绝注意到一个问题时，它与无知的乐观主义没有任何关系)”可知，本句承接上文进一步说明一个人拒绝注意到问题的影响，它与无知的乐观主义没有任何关系，也不会引起任何严重的情绪不适。故A选项“它也不会引起任何严重的情绪不适”符合语境，故选A。
34.【2020年浙江卷1月】Let's take a minute t think abut the water we use. The human bdy is 60% water and we need t drink lts f water t be healthy. When we are thirsty we just g t the kitchen and fill a glass with clean water.
___31___Fr example, farmers, wh prduce the fd we eat, use water t make the plants grw. When we turn n a light r switch n a TV r a cmputer we use energy and we need water t prduce this energy.
The truth is that we are lucky enugh t have clean water whenever we want，but this is nt the case fr many peple arund the wrld.___32___That's arund ne in 10 peple in the wrld. If we drink dirty water，we can catch diseases frm the bacteria and becme ill. Every year ver 500，000 children die frm diarrhea(腹泻)frm dirty water. That's arund 1，400 children every day！Als，in sme cuntries children walk many kilmetres every day t get water.___33___Therefre，they dn't have time t learn hw t read r write and dn't get an educatin.
___34___On this day every year，cuntries arund the wrld hld events t educate peple abut the prblems f dirty water and that clean water is smething that everyne shuld have arund the wrld. At ne schl in the UK，children between the ages f 10 and 15 walk 6km with six litres f water.___35___Peple give them mney t d this and all the mney helps get clean water t as many peple as pssible arund the wrld.
A. We use water indirectly t.
B. Every system in ur bdy depends n water t functin.
C. It is t inspire peple t learn mre abut water-related prblems
D. If children walk many hurs a day t get water，they can't g t schl.
E. Did yu knw that arund 750 millin peple d nt have clean water t drink？
F. In 1993 the United Natins decided that March 22nd is the Wrld Day fr Water.
G. In this way，they knw hw it feels t walk a lng distance carrying heavy bttles.
【答案】31. A 32. E 33. D 34. F 35. G
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了水是我们生活中非常重要的能源，而世界上很多人并不像我们这样幸运能喝到干净的水。世界上大约有7.5亿人没有干净的水喝，每年有50多万儿童死于脏水引起的腹泻。就此联合国决定3月22日为世界水日，并在当天举办活动来教育人们关于脏水的问题，让人们知道清洁的水是全世界每个人都应该拥有的。
【31题详解】
根据下文Fr example, farmers, wh prduce the fd we eat, use water t make the plants grw. When we turn n a light r switch n a TV r a cmputer we use energy and we need water t prduce this energy.（例如，生产我们吃的食物的农民，使用水使植物生长。当我们打开电灯或电视或电脑的开关时，我们使用能源，我们需要水来产生这种能源）可知下文是在列举人们间接使用水的例子，故A选项“我们也间接地用水。”符合上下文语境，故选A。
【32题详解】
根据下文That's arund ne in 10 peple in the wrld.（那大约是世界上十分之一的人）可推知本句为说明世界上没有干净水喝的人数。故E选项“你知道大约有7.5亿人没有干净的水喝吗?”符合上下文语境，故选E。
【33题详解】
根据上文Als，in sme cuntries children walk many kilmetres every day t get water.（而且，在一些国家，孩子们每天要走很多公里去取水）中walk many kilmetres every day t get water可对应到D选项中walk many hurs a day t get water，故D选项“如果孩子们每天走很多小时去取水，他们就不能去上学。”符合上下文语境，故选D。
【34题详解】
结合下文On this day every year，cuntries arund the wrld hld events t educate peple abut the prblems f dirty water and that clean water is smething that everyne shuld have arund the wrld.（每年的这一天，世界各国都会举办各种活动，让人们了解脏水的问题，让他们知道清洁的水是全世界每个人都应该拥有的）是在说明世界水日当天的活动，故可知本句为说明世界水日的设立时间，故F选项“1993年，联合国决定3月22日为世界水日。”符合上下文语境，故选F。
【35题详解】
根据前文At ne schl in the UK，children between the ages f 10 and 15 walk 6km with six litres f water.（在英国的一所学校，10到15岁的孩子负重6升水来步行6公里）可推知本句承接上文继续说明这一做法的意义是让孩子们了解带着沉重的瓶子走很长的距离是什么感觉。故G选项“通过这种方式，他们知道带着沉重的瓶子走很长的距离是什么感觉。”符合上下文语境，故选G。
年份
卷别
体裁
类别
主题
段首
段中
段尾
选项特指
字数
2025
全国I卷
记叙文
人与社会
热爱事业的咖啡馆员工
4
1
完整句
254+85
全国II卷
说明文
人与社会
一家人一起参加志愿服务
2
2
1
完整句
247+83
2024
新课标I卷
说明文
人与自我
使用英语词典的心得
1
4
0
完整句
273+61
新课标II卷
说明文
人与社会
如何避免过度性旅游
1
3
1
完整句
259+52
2023
新课标I卷
说明文
人与自我
学会自我原谅的办法
0
4
1
完整句
247+82
新课标II卷
说明文
人与社会
开启艺术之旅的建议
1
3
1
完整句
261+63
2022
新课标I卷
说明文
人与社会
如何找到健身伙伴
0
4
1
完整句
257+76
新课标II卷
说明文
人与社会
写文章好修改技巧
1
4
0
完整句
237+74