高考英语二轮讲义-阅读理解说明文 (教师版)

这是一份高考英语二轮讲义-阅读理解说明文 (教师版)，共46页。学案主要包含了2024全国甲卷，4题详解，5题详解，6题详解，7题详解，2024新课标Ⅰ卷，32题详解，33题详解等内容，欢迎下载使用。
历年考情
说明文阅读理解一般作为全国卷阅谈理解中的CD篇，主要分为两种类型：实验研究和介绍说明型。说明文是对事物的形状，性质，特征，成果或公用等进行介绍，解释或阐述的文章，把我所说明事物的特征和本质是理解说明文的关键，说明事物特征的方法很多，主要有定义法，解释法，比较法，比喻法，数字法，图标法，引用法和距离法等。说明文的特点是客观、简洁、准确、清晰，文章很少表达作者的情感倾向。阅读说明文的重点在于读懂它说明的事物或事理，了解事物的性质、结构、形成原因、功能；了解事物的意义和特征等。
命题规律
说明文所选材料题材丰富多样，涉及社会、科技、文化、生活、人物、教育、生态、安全等方面。在高考英语阅读理解中，说明文所占比重尤为突出。它既要求考生能熟练运用词汇和语法知识、理解文章语句、把握语篇整体结构，还要求学生有大量的阅读积淀和知识储备，熟悉不同的话题和不同的题目考查方式。即便是细节理解题，大多数情况下考生也无法从文章中直接找到与选项表述完全一致的信息，而是需要在理解文章细节信息后作出归纳和判断。通常一套卷中主旨大意、词义猜测、写作意图/观点态度类高难度试题的考查数量为2道左右，说明文考查此类题目的频率较高，且命题点呈多样化。
考向预测
预测2025年高考说明文阅读理解试题难度会保持相对稳定，主要考查题型仍然为细节理解题和推理判断题为主，主旨大意题和词义猜测题为辅。
【2024全国甲卷】Animals can express their needs using a lt f ways. Fr instance, almst all animals have distinct vcals (声音) that they rely n t either ask fr help, scare away any dangerus animals r lk fr shelter. But cats are special creatures wh pssess amazing vcalizatin skills. They are able t have entire cnversatins with humans using mews and yu're able t interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep mewing t attract attentin and find fd. Hwever, when a cat is lking fr affectin, they tend t prduce stretched and sft mews. Mewing starts as sn as a baby cat is brught t life and uses it t get the mther's attentin and be fed.
Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense f smell is quite impressive. They use their nses t assess their envirnment and lk ut fr any signs f danger. They will sniff ut specific areas befre they chse a place t relax. Hwever, anther way the cats are able t distinguish between situatins is by lking fr familiar smells. Yur cat will likely smell yur face and stre the smell in its memry and use it t recgnize yu in the future. That's why mst pet cats are able t tell immediately if their wners were arund any ther cats, which they dn't usually like.
Dgs are knwn fr their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavir up a ntch. Many cats will find randm bjects utside and bring them t their wners. This is a very ld habit that's been present in all kinds f predatrs (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts fr their wners t shw they lve yu. These adrable little hunters are just ding smething that it's been in their nature since the beginning f time. S just g alng with it!
4. What can be learned abut cats' mewing frm the first paragraph?
A. It's a survival skill.B. It's taught by mther cats.
C. It's hard t interpret.D. It's getting luder with age.
5. Hw des a pet cat assess different situatins?
A. By listening fr sunds.B. By tuching familiar bjects.
C. By checking n smells.D. By cmmunicating with ther cats.
6. Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up ntch" in paragraph 3?
A. Perfrm apprpriately.B. Mve faster.C. Act strangely.D. D better.
7. What is a suitable title fr the text?
A. Tips n Finding a Smart CatB. Understanding Yur Cat's Behavir
C. Have Fun with Yur CatD. Hw t Keep Yur Cat Healthy
【答案】4. A 5. C 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了猫通过叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物来表达需求、评估环境和展示爱意。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lt f ways. Fr instance, almst all animals have distinct vcals (声音) that they rely n t either ask fr help, scare away any dangerus animals r lk fr shelter. (动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。例如，几乎所有的动物都有独特的声音，它们依靠这些声音来寻求帮助，吓跑危险的动物或寻找庇护。)”和“Mewing starts as sn as a baby cat is brught t life and uses it t get the mther’s attentin and be fed. (猫宝宝一出生就开始喵喵叫，喵喵叫是为了引起妈妈的注意和被喂食。)”可知，猫叫声是一种生存技能。故选A。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense f smell is quite impressive. They use their nses t assess their envirnment and lk ut fr any signs f danger. (猫有许多敏锐的感官，但它们的嗅觉令人印象深刻。它们用鼻子来评估周围的环境，寻找任何危险的迹象。)”可知，宠物猫通过检查气味来评估不同情况。故选C。
【6题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词前半句“Dgs are knwn fr their impressive fetching habit, (狗以其令人印象深刻的抓取习惯而闻名)”和后句“Many cats will find randm bjects utside and bring them t their wners. (许多猫会在外面随意找到一些东西，并把它们带给主人。)”可知，狗以取回东西而闻名，但猫可以从外边找到东西带回来，因此在这一行为上更上一层楼。短语take ... up a ntch是用来形容猫在带回东西这一行为上做得更好或更出色。故选D。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lt f ways.( 动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。)”及全文可知，文章都在介绍和解释猫的各种行为方式，包括叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物的习惯，以及这些行为背后的原因和意义。所以“Understanding Yur Cat’s Behavir(了解你的猫的行为)”作文文章标题最为合适。故选B。
【2025届河北省石家庄市第一中学高三下学期一模】Envisin a futuristic rftp garden s astute that it is capable f discerning the ptimal mments t hard water in anticipatin f arid cnditins, and when t expel water t avert inundatin. Nw, such intelligent rfs are transitining frm the realm f fantasy t reality in the Netherlands.
With a substantial prtin f the natin situated belw sea level, the Netherlands has lng been acquainted with the perils f flding. The advent f climate change has ushered in an era f mre extreme meterlgical phenmena, including trrential dwnpurs and perids f drught, cmpelling the city f Amsterdam t cntemplate nvel strategies fr self-preservatin, and it is within this cntext that Resili emerges as a pivtal player.
As per the assertins n their fficial website, Resili is engaged in the cnstructin f blue-green rfs acrss the expanse f Amsterdam. In cnjunctin with the lcal gvernmental authrities, frm the years 2018 thrugh t 2022, they have installed specialized rfing systems in the neighbrhds f Amsterdam that are mst vulnerable t the ravages f fld damage.
These rfs are cmpsed f a multitude f strata. Paramunt amng these layers is the water retentin layer. During episdes f cpius rainfall, this layer serves t accumulate the rainwater that wuld therwise inundate the streets, and in times f drught, it channels its stred water t nurish the garden situated n the uppermst layer. It is this particular layer that distinguishes the blue-green rfs frm their cnventinal green cunterparts. Research indicates that blue-green rfs pssess the capacity t capture as much as 97% f extreme rainfall, in stark cntrast t the mere 12% that regular green rfs can retain.
Hwever, what truly sets Resili rfs apart is their sphisticated systems. An array f blue-green rfs are intercnnected via a digital cmmunicatin netwrk, thereby enabling each rf t be manipulated independently, respnding t the vlume f water amassed n that specific rf as the situatin demands. Each rf is als equipped with a valve that is linked t a cmputerized system knwn as the Decisin Supprt System (DSS). The DSS interfaces with lcal weather prgnsticatins t determine whether the valve n a particular rf shuld be pened, allwing water t be discharged in a cntrlled and gradual manner int the sewerage system, r whether it shuld remain sealed t cllect the impending rain.
These innvatins are the hallmarks that render Resili truly revlutinary. Blue-green rfs exemplify that the remedies t the hazards psed by climate change necessitate a blend f creativity and a multifaceted apprach, perating n varius levels t mitigate the adverse effects f ur changing envirnment.
8．What may directly lead t the building f Resili rfs in Amsterdam?
A．The increasing disasters.B．The city’s financial suffering.
C．The ever-rising sea level.D．The city’s gegraphic advantage.
9．What d we knw abut the water retentin layer f Resili rfs?
A．They are slw t drught.B．They are abslutely perfect.
C．They serve a duble purpse.D．They can trap slar energy.
10．What is the main functin f the DSS accrding t the text?
A．T cllect weather infrmatin.B．T cntrl the use f the valve.
C．T help the sewer system wrk.D．T cnnect the digital netwrk.
11．What might be the best title f this passage?
A．Smart rf systems becming a reality in Auckland
B．Resili blue-green rf systems preventing disasters
C．The wrking principle f the blue-green rf systems
D．The differences between Resili rfs and regular green rfs
【答案】8．A 9．C 10．B 11．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了荷兰阿姆斯特丹的Resili公司如何通过建设蓝绿屋顶系统来应对气候变化带来的洪水和干旱问题。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The advent f climate change has ushered in an era f mre extreme meterlgical phenmena, including trrential dwnpurs and perids f drught, cmpelling the city f Amsterdam t cntemplate nvel strategies fr self-preservatin, and it is within this cntext that Resili emerges as a pivtal player.(气候变化的到来开启了一个更极端气象现象的时代，包括暴雨和干旱期，迫使阿姆斯特丹市考虑新的自我保护策略，Resili在这一背景下成为关键角色)”可知，建造Resili屋顶的直接原因是日益增加的灾害。故选A项。
9．细节理解题。根据第四段中“During episdes f cpius rainfall, this layer serves t accumulate the rainwater that wuld therwise inundate the streets, and in times f drught, it channels its stred water t nurish the garden situated n the uppermst layer.(在大量降雨期间，这一层会积聚本会淹没街道的雨水，在干旱时期，它将储存的水引导到最上层的花园中)”可知，蓄水层具有双重功能。故选C项。
10．细节理解题。根据第五段中“The DSS interfaces with lcal weather prgnsticatins t determine whether the valve n a particular rf shuld be pened, allwing water t be discharged in a cntrlled and gradual manner int the sewerage system, r whether it shuld remain sealed t cllect the impending rain.(DSS与当地天气预测接口，以确定特定屋顶上的阀门是否应该打开，允许水以受控和渐进的方式排放到下水道系统，或者是否应该保持密封以收集即将到来的雨水)”可知，DSS的主要功能是控制阀门的使用。故选B项。
11．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Envisin a futuristic rftp garden s astute that it is capable f discerning the ptimal mments t hard water in anticipatin f arid cnditins, and when t expel water t avert inundatin. Nw, such intelligent rfs are transitining frm the realm f fantasy t reality in the Netherlands.( 设想一个未来的屋顶花园，它是如此精明，能够辨别出在干旱条件下储存水的最佳时机，以及何时排水以避免洪水泛滥。现在，在荷兰，这种智能屋顶正从幻想变为现实)”可知，整篇文章都在介绍Resili的蓝绿屋顶系统如何防止灾害。文章详细讨论了这些屋顶的结构、功能和创新之处。由此可知，B选项Resili blue-green rf systems preventing disasters(防止灾害的弹性蓝绿屋顶系统)适合作本文最佳标题。故选B项。

Passage（1）
【2025届河南省郑州市中原区郑州中学高三上学期12月模拟预测】Sadfishing, which researchers defined in the Jurnal f American Cllege Health in 2021, refers t the trend f exaggerating persnal struggles nline t generate sympathy. It culd be in the frm f a sad pht, an minus qute, r a pst with a fggy meaning.
We all may be guilty f psting smething weak and emtinal n scial media frm time t time, which isn’t a bad thing. But psting repeatedly culd be a sign f a larger mental health issue in teens r a cry fr help.
Jurnalist Rebecca Reid cined the term in 2019 after a questinable Instagram pst by Kendall Jenner. In the pst, Jenner described a “painful struggle” with acne and received a large amunt f sympathetic respnses frm her fllwers. Hwever, it was later revealed that her pst was just a cmplicated marketing plt fr her skincare partnership with Practiv, and Reid labeled her behavir as sadfishing.
Experts say sadfishing is likely due t the fact that a child r teen is struggling with smething and wants t let thers knw. In these cases, they ften dn’t feel they have a persn they feel cmfrtable with t share their struggles with s they turn t the scial media wrld. A 2023 study fund that teens wh participated in sadfishing exhibited signs f anxiety and depressin, while lw scial supprt was a large cntributing factr. Researchers als fund that bys reprted “higher sadfishing tendencies” than girls at age 12, but the trend decreased as they gt lder. Fr girls, the trend increased with age.
Researchers fund that, in mst cases, respnses t sadfishing psts were psitive and helpful. But in sme cases, there were negative respnses which culd lead t increased stress r anxiety. “When a scial media pst is unsuccessful in seeking sympathetic respnses, it can als cause the persn psting it t be mcked,” Dr. Nissim-Matheis warns. “Especially if the pst is authentic.” And while any respnse is supprtive fr a child/ teen wh feels unseen and unheard, it may pen them up t privacy vilatins and vilent behavir.
28．What’s the intentin f a scial media user’s sadfishing?
A．T share an pinin.B．T demnstrate nline skills.
C．T make a cmplaint.D．T satisfy an emtinal need.
29．What can we infer abut Jenner’s Instagram fllwers?
A．They had little knwledge f acne.
B．They had trust in Practiv’s prducts.
C．They were prbably misled by Jenner’s stry.
D．They were encuraged by nline infrmatin.
30．What d we knw abut teenagers’ sadfishing trends?
A．They peak at age 12 fr bys.B．They decline after age 12 fr girls.
C．They generally decrease as ne ages.D．They disappear befre ne’s adulthd.
31．What des the underlined wrd “mcked” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Called n.B．Laughed at.C．Prmted.D．Supprted.
【答案】28．D 29．C 30．A 31．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。针对青少年在社交平台上较为普遍的sadfishing这一现象进行了分析探讨。
28．细节理解题。 根据第一段“Sadfishing, which researchers defined in the Jurnal f American Cllege Health in 2021, refers t the trend f exaggerating persnal struggles nline t generate sympathy. It culd be in the frm f a sad pht, an minus qute, r a pst with a fggy meaning.(研究人员在2021年的《美国大学健康杂志》上定义了“Sadfishing”，指的是在网上夸大个人挣扎以获得同情的趋势。它可以是一张悲伤的照片，一句不祥的名言，或者一篇意义模糊的帖子。)”可知，对于在社交平台上发布sadfishing帖子的人来说，他们的主要目的就是激起其他网民对自己的同情，满足自己情绪上的需求。故选D项。
29．推理判断题。根据第三段“In the pst, Jenner described a “painful struggle” with acne and received a large amunt f sympathetic respnses frm her fllwers. Hwever, it was later revealed that her pst was just a cmplicated marketing plt fr her skincare partnership with Practiv, and Reid labeled her behavir as sadfishing.(在帖子中，Jenner描述了与痤疮的“痛苦斗争”，并得到了她的粉丝的大量同情回应。然而，后来被揭露，她的帖子只是一个复杂的营销阴谋，是她与Practiv的护肤合作，里德称她的行为是sadfishing。)”可知，Jenner发布的有关自己治疗痤疮的虚假内容收到了很多粉丝们的同情回复。由此可推断，她的这些粉丝们很可能被Jenner的故事误导。故选C项。
30．细节理解题。根据第四段“Researchers als fund that bys reprted ‘higher sadfishing tendencies’ than girls at age 12, but the trend decreased as they gt lder.(研究人员还发现，在12岁时，男孩比女孩有“更高的sadfishing倾向”，但随着年龄的增长，这种趋势会减弱。)”可知，根据调查，男孩在12岁时具有最高的sadfishing倾向，然后此倾向会随着年龄增长逐渐减少。故选A项。
31．词句猜测题。 根据最后一段“Researchers fund that, in mst cases, respnses t sadfishing psts were psitive and helpful. But in sme cases, there were negative respnses which culd lead t increased stress r anxiety. “When a scial media pst is unsuccessful in seeking sympathetic respnses, it can als cause the persn psting it t be mcked,” Dr. Nissim-Matheis warns.(研究人员发现，在大多数情况下，对sadfishing帖子的回应是积极和有益的。但在某些情况下，负面反应可能会导致压力或焦虑增加。尼西姆-马蒂斯博士警告说：“当一篇社交媒体帖子未能获得同情回应时，它也可能导致发帖者被mcked。”)”可知，在大多数情况下，对sadfishing帖子的回应是积极和有益的，但当一个帖子在社交平台上不能带来同情的回复时，会引起消极的反应，故推知，它的发布者可能会被嘲笑。由此可推断，画线词与Laughed at意思一致。故选B项。
Passage（2）
【2025届黑龙江省“六校联盟”高三上学期联合适应性考试】Engineers at Princetn University have measured the cling benefits f a simple slutin fr beating urban heat: reflecting sunlight back frm where it came by equipping building walls and radways in urban centers with retrreflective (反光的) materials.
“With climate change and the increasing frequency and persistence f extreme heat events, mre peple in the U.S. die frm extreme heat than frm any ther weather-related disaster-heat kills mre than trnades, tsunamis, and hurricanes cmbined,” said Elie Bu-Zeid, prfessr f civil and envirnmental engineering.
Several technlgies have been raised t fight against the issue f urban verheating, including cl pavements and rf catings. Hwever, when sunlight hits these cling technlgies, it can be kicked back in any number f directins instead f in ne fcused directin, which means that highly reflective materials culd have an ppsite result if applied because sunlight culd be reflected nt the grund, walls,and even the passers-by.
“Actually, retrreflective materials are already used in transprtatin, where they are cmmnly fund in rad signs and paint t imprve nighttime visibility, but an imprtant questin is hw efficient we can make them and whether we can engineer them t have the perfrmances we want,” said Jytirmy Mandal,assistant prfessr f civil and envirnmental engineering.
Unlike cmmn highly reflective materials, retrreflectrs can reflect incming sunlight with limited scattering (散射). Cnsequently, mst sunlight hitting a retrreflectr n a building wall r city street wuld be directed back in the same directin it came frm-and ut f the urban canyn. In this way, the retrreflectrs can release the sunlight that wuld therwise be stuck in the urban canyn and exacerbate the urban verheating prblem.
Ultimately, they want t create a set f guidelines fr plicymakers, planners, and materials engineers. If yu’re an urban planner, fr example, and yu knw the latitude f yur city, the width-height rati and the directin f yur streets, yu can easily use their results t pick the suitable surfaces fr applying these retrreflective materials and estimate the cling benefits yu might receive in ding s.
8．What may Elie Bu-Zeid warn peple f in paragraph 2?
A．The frequency f natural disasters.B．Thie urgency f keeping peple cl.
C．The unpredictability f climate change.D．The necessity f temperature mnitring.
9．What is the limitatin f current cling technlgies?
A．Influence upn the city’s appearance.B．Disturbance f the view f passes-by.
C．Prductin f smething pisnus t humans.D．Inability t cntrl the directin f reflected light.
10．What des the underlined wrd “exacerbate” in paragraph 5 prbably mean?
A．Relieve.B．Cause.C．Intensify.D．Address.
11．What is prbably the final gal f the engineers?
A．T increase urban green spaces.B．T persnalize reflective materials.
C．T simplify existing building designs.D．T reduce csts f cnstructin materials.
【答案】8．B 9．D 10．C 11．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了普林斯顿大学工程师测量用反光材料反射阳光以缓解城市热岛效应的降温效果，分析了现有降温技术的局限，阐述了反光材料的优势及工程师的最终目标。
8．推理判断题。根据第二段中Elie Bu-Zeid的话“With climate change and the increasing frequency and persistence f extreme heat events, mre peple in the U.S. die frm extreme heat than frm any ther weather related disaster heat kills mre than trnades, tsunamis, and hurricanes cmbined (随着气候变化以及极端高温事件发生频率和持续时间的增加，美国死于极端高温的人数比死于任何其他与天气相关灾害的人数都多——高温造成的死亡人数比龙卷风、海啸和飓风加起来还多)”可知，极端高温造成了很多人死亡，情况十分危急，由此可推断出，Elie Bu-Zeid是在警告给人们降温的紧迫性。故选B项。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Hwever, when sunlight hits these cling technlgies, it can be kicked back in any number f directins instead f in ne fcused directin, which means that highly reflective materials culd have an ppsite result if applied because sunlight culd be reflected nt the grund, walls, and even the passers by.(然而，当阳光照射到这些降温技术时，它可以被反射到任意方向，而不是集中在一个方向上，这意味着如果使用高反射材料，可能会产生相反的效果，因为阳光可能会被反射到地面、墙壁，甚至行人身上)”可知，目前的降温技术不能控制反射光的方向。故选D项。
10．词句猜测题。根据划线词前文“In this way, the retrreflectrs can release the sunlight that wuld therwise be stuck in the urban canyn...(通过这种方式，反向反射器可以释放原本困在城市峡谷中的阳光……)”可知，阳光原本会被困在城市峡谷中，进而加剧城市过热问题，故划线词exacerbate的意思是“加剧”，与intensify同义。故选C项。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ultimately, they want t create a set f guidelines fr plicymakers, planners, and materials engineers. If yu’re an urban planner, fr example, and yu knw the latitude f yur city, the width height rati and the directin f yur streets, yu can easily use their results t pick the suitable surfaces fr applying these retrreflective materials and estimate the cling benefits yu might receive in ding s.(最终，他们想为政策制定者、规划者和材料工程师制定一套指导方针。例如，如果你是一名城市规划师，并且你知道你所在城市的纬度、街道的宽高比和方向，你可以很容易地利用他们的研究结果来选择适合应用这些反光材料的表面，并估算这样做可能获得的降温效果)”可知，工程师们的最终目标是根据不同城市的具体情况，为不同的表面选择合适的反光材料，也就是使反光材料个性化。故选B项。
Passage（3）
【2025届山东省日照市高三下学期一模】Every time we make a new vide r send an email, r pst a pht f ur latest meal, it’s like turning n a small light bulb (灯泡) that’ ll never be turned ff. This pints t an uncmfrtable and extremely mdern questin: T help save the planet, shuld we be using less data? Given hw much f mdern life depends n digital data, the answer culd be a key aspect t living nbly in the AI age.
Why d psts prduce carbn at all? When yu send a pst n Mments, it ges alng a chain f energy-burning electrnics. Yur Wi-Fi ruter sends the signal alng wires t the lcal exchange — the bx n the street crner — and frm there t a telecms cmpany, and frm there t huge data centers perated by the tech giants. Each f thse runs n electricity, and it all adds up.
Tday, abut 400 millin hmes wrldwide have at least ne “smart” device— curtains, electric ckers, refrigeratrs, and pads. By 2028, that figure is expected t nearly duble. We are, in ther wrds, being taken int a wrld where it’s harder t d anything withut turning n a digital light bulb. This puts ec-cnscius cnsumers in a bind. After all, wh wuld like t be smene that can’t get their infrmatin prperly because they’re t busy keeping the carbn ftprint f their searches dwn?
In the absence f systemic change, wrrying ver ur individual data-usage decisins is “like trying t hld back a fld with a bucket and spade (铁铲).” Still, there’s smething we can d. When we face a digital decisin, the less data-thirsty ptin will ften be the smarter ne. Blcking third-party tracking when we’ re n the web, fr example, nt nly reduces the pwer cnsumptin f internet brwsing; it’s als gd fr yur privacy. Mre fundamentally, maybe we dn’t need t turn everything int data. If I put dwn my phne the next time I’m n a train, it wn’t save the planet. But I’ll be lking ut the windw with my wn eyes, creating a memry that releases n carbn at all.
8．What des the authr imply abut data usage?
A．It is energy-cnsuming.
B．It is easy and cnvenient.
C．Its negative effects are ignred.
D．Its benefits are underestimated.
9．What is the functin f paragraph 2?
A．T entertain.B．T infrm.
C．T persuade.D．T inspire.
10．What d the underlined wrds “in a bind” mean in paragraph 3?
A．At risk.B．At a lss.
C．At ease.D．At a disadvantage.
11．What des the authr emphasize cncerning carbn reductin in the last paragraph?
A．The remval f digital data.
B．The prmtin f ecturism.
C．The value f persnal cntributin.
D．The significance f systemic change.
【答案】8．A 9．B 10．B 11．C
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要探讨了数字数据使用对环境的影响，强调了在AI时代减少碳排放的必要性。文章通过分析数据传输过程中的碳排放问题，指出随着智能设备的普及，数据使用对环境的影响日益显著。尽管系统性变革是关键，但个人在数据使用上的选择也能对环保产生积极影响。
8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Every time we make a new vide r send an email, r pst a pht f ur latest meal, it’s like turning n a small light bulb (灯泡) that’ll never be turned ff. This pints t an uncmfrtable and extremely mdern questin: T help save the planet, shuld we be using less data? Given hw much f mdern life depends n digital data, the answer culd be a key aspect t living nbly in the AI age.(每次我们制作一个新视频、发一封电子邮件、发布一张我们最近吃的饭的照片，就像打开了一个永远关不掉的小灯泡。这就引出了一个让人不舒服但又非常现代的问题：为了拯救地球，我们应该减少数据的使用吗？考虑到现代生活在很大程度上依赖于数字数据，这个问题的答案可能是在人工智能时代高尚生活的一个关键方面。)”和第二段的“When yu send a pst n Mments, it ges alng a chain f energy-burning electrnics. Yur Wi-Fi ruter sends the signal alng wires t the lcal exchange — the bx n the street crner — and frm there t a telecms cmpany, and frm there t huge data centers perated by the tech giants. Each f thse runs n electricity, and it all adds up.(当你在朋友圈发一条帖子时，它会通过一系列耗能的电子设备。你的Wi-Fi路由器通过电线将信号发送到本地交换机——街角的盒子——然后从那里发送到电信公司，再从那里发送到由科技巨头运营的大型数据中心。每一个都是用电运行的，这些都加起来了。)”可知，作者指出每一次发送信总、发布照片等行为都会产生碳排放，因为这些行为都依赖于一系列耗电的电了设备。故选A。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段内容“Why d psts prduce carbn at all? When yu send a pst n Mments, it ges alng a chain f energy-burning electrnics. Yur Wi-Fi ruter sends the signal alng wires t the lcal exchange — the bx n the street crner — and frm there t a telecms cmpany, and frm there t huge data centers perated by the tech giants. Each f thse runs n electricity, and it all adds up.( 为什么帖子会产生碳呢？当你在朋友圈发一条帖子时，它会通过一系列耗能的电子设备。你的Wi-Fi路由器通过电线将信号发送到本地交换机——街角的盒子——然后从那里发送到电信公司，再从那里发送到由科技巨头运营的大型数据中心。每一个都是用电运行的，这些都加起来了。)”详细解释了数据发布过程小能源消耗的具体环节，包括数据从用户设备传输到数据中心的路径及共对电力的依赖。因此推断这一段的主要目的是向读者传递信息，解释数据使用为何会产生碳排放。故选B。
10．词义猎测题。根据下文“After all, wh wuld like t be smene that can’t get their infrmatin prperly because they’re t busy keeping the carbn ftprint f their searches dwn?(毕竟，谁愿意成为一个因为忙于降低搜索的碳足迹而无法正确获取信息的人呢？)”和作者提到“This puts ec-cnscius cnsumers in a bind.（这让有环保意识的消费者陷入了困境。)”环保意识的消费者会in a bind可推断，他们既希望减少碳足迹，又不想错过获取信息的机会。因此，“in a bind”可以理解为“陷入困境”。故选B。
11．推理判断题。最后一段“Still, there’s smething we can d. When we face a digital decisin, the less data-thirsty ptin will ften be the smarter ne. Blcking third-party tracking when we’ re n the web, fr example, nt nly reduces the pwer cnsumptin f internet brwsing; it’s als gd fr yur privacy. Mre fundamentally, maybe we dn’t need t turn everything int data. If I put dwn my phne the next time I’m n a train, it wn’t save the planet. But I’ll be lking ut the windw with my wn eyes, creating a memry that releases n carbn at all.(不过，我们还是有办法的。当我们面临数字化决策时，对数据需求较少的选择往往是更明智的选择。例如，当我们上网时阻止第三方跟踪，不仅减少了互联网浏览的功耗；这对你的隐私也有好处。更根本的是，也许我们不需要把所有东西都变成数据。如果我下次在火车上放下手机，那也不能拯救地球。但我会用自己的眼睛看着窗外，创造一段完全不释放碳的记忆。)”提到，尽管个人行为对整体环境影响有限，们我们仍可以在口常生活小做出更环保的选择，例如减少数据使用或关闭第一方追踪。因此推断作者强调即使个人页献微小，也有价值。故选C。
Passage（4）
【2025届山东省日照市高三下学期一模】Every time we make a new vide r send an email, r pst a pht f ur latest meal, it’s like turning n a small light bulb (灯泡) that’ ll never be turned ff. This pints t an uncmfrtable and extremely mdern questin: T help save the planet, shuld we be using less data? Given hw much f mdern life depends n digital data, the answer culd be a key aspect t living nbly in the AI age.
Why d psts prduce carbn at all? When yu send a pst n Mments, it ges alng a chain f energy-burning electrnics. Yur Wi-Fi ruter sends the signal alng wires t the lcal exchange — the bx n the street crner — and frm there t a telecms cmpany, and frm there t huge data centers perated by the tech giants. Each f thse runs n electricity, and it all adds up.
Tday, abut 400 millin hmes wrldwide have at least ne “smart” device— curtains, electric ckers, refrigeratrs, and pads. By 2028, that figure is expected t nearly duble. We are, in ther wrds, being taken int a wrld where it’s harder t d anything withut turning n a digital light bulb. This puts ec-cnscius cnsumers in a bind. After all, wh wuld like t be smene that can’t get their infrmatin prperly because they’re t busy keeping the carbn ftprint f their searches dwn?
In the absence f systemic change, wrrying ver ur individual data-usage decisins is “like trying t hld back a fld with a bucket and spade (铁铲).” Still, there’s smething we can d. When we face a digital decisin, the less data-thirsty ptin will ften be the smarter ne. Blcking third-party tracking when we’ re n the web, fr example, nt nly reduces the pwer cnsumptin f internet brwsing; it’s als gd fr yur privacy. Mre fundamentally, maybe we dn’t need t turn everything int data. If I put dwn my phne the next time I’m n a train, it wn’t save the planet. But I’ll be lking ut the windw with my wn eyes, creating a memry that releases n carbn at all.
8．What des the authr imply abut data usage?
A．It is energy-cnsuming.
B．It is easy and cnvenient.
C．Its negative effects are ignred.
D．Its benefits are underestimated.
9．What is the functin f paragraph 2?
A．T entertain.B．T infrm.
C．T persuade.D．T inspire.
10．What d the underlined wrds “in a bind” mean in paragraph 3?
A．At risk.B．At a lss.
C．At ease.D．At a disadvantage.
11．What des the authr emphasize cncerning carbn reductin in the last paragraph?
A．The remval f digital data.
B．The prmtin f ecturism.
C．The value f persnal cntributin.
D．The significance f systemic change.
【答案】8．A 9．B 10．B 11．C
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要探讨了数字数据使用对环境的影响，强调了在AI时代减少碳排放的必要性。文章通过分析数据传输过程中的碳排放问题，指出随着智能设备的普及，数据使用对环境的影响日益显著。尽管系统性变革是关键，但个人在数据使用上的选择也能对环保产生积极影响。
8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Every time we make a new vide r send an email, r pst a pht f ur latest meal, it’s like turning n a small light bulb (灯泡) that’ll never be turned ff. This pints t an uncmfrtable and extremely mdern questin: T help save the planet, shuld we be using less data? Given hw much f mdern life depends n digital data, the answer culd be a key aspect t living nbly in the AI age.(每次我们制作一个新视频、发一封电子邮件、发布一张我们最近吃的饭的照片，就像打开了一个永远关不掉的小灯泡。这就引出了一个让人不舒服但又非常现代的问题：为了拯救地球，我们应该减少数据的使用吗？考虑到现代生活在很大程度上依赖于数字数据，这个问题的答案可能是在人工智能时代高尚生活的一个关键方面。)”和第二段的“When yu send a pst n Mments, it ges alng a chain f energy-burning electrnics. Yur Wi-Fi ruter sends the signal alng wires t the lcal exchange — the bx n the street crner — and frm there t a telecms cmpany, and frm there t huge data centers perated by the tech giants. Each f thse runs n electricity, and it all adds up.(当你在朋友圈发一条帖子时，它会通过一系列耗能的电子设备。你的Wi-Fi路由器通过电线将信号发送到本地交换机——街角的盒子——然后从那里发送到电信公司，再从那里发送到由科技巨头运营的大型数据中心。每一个都是用电运行的，这些都加起来了。)”可知，作者指出每一次发送信总、发布照片等行为都会产生碳排放，因为这些行为都依赖于一系列耗电的电了设备。故选A。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段内容“Why d psts prduce carbn at all? When yu send a pst n Mments, it ges alng a chain f energy-burning electrnics. Yur Wi-Fi ruter sends the signal alng wires t the lcal exchange — the bx n the street crner — and frm there t a telecms cmpany, and frm there t huge data centers perated by the tech giants. Each f thse runs n electricity, and it all adds up.( 为什么帖子会产生碳呢？当你在朋友圈发一条帖子时，它会通过一系列耗能的电子设备。你的Wi-Fi路由器通过电线将信号发送到本地交换机——街角的盒子——然后从那里发送到电信公司，再从那里发送到由科技巨头运营的大型数据中心。每一个都是用电运行的，这些都加起来了。)”详细解释了数据发布过程小能源消耗的具体环节，包括数据从用户设备传输到数据中心的路径及共对电力的依赖。因此推断这一段的主要目的是向读者传递信息，解释数据使用为何会产生碳排放。故选B。
10．词义猎测题。根据下文“After all, wh wuld like t be smene that can’t get their infrmatin prperly because they’re t busy keeping the carbn ftprint f their searches dwn?(毕竟，谁愿意成为一个因为忙于降低搜索的碳足迹而无法正确获取信息的人呢？)”和作者提到“This puts ec-cnscius cnsumers in a bind.（这让有环保意识的消费者陷入了困境。)”环保意识的消费者会in a bind可推断，他们既希望减少碳足迹，又不想错过获取信息的机会。因此，“in a bind”可以理解为“陷入困境”。故选B。
11．推理判断题。最后一段“Still, there’s smething we can d. When we face a digital decisin, the less data-thirsty ptin will ften be the smarter ne. Blcking third-party tracking when we’ re n the web, fr example, nt nly reduces the pwer cnsumptin f internet brwsing; it’s als gd fr yur privacy. Mre fundamentally, maybe we dn’t need t turn everything int data. If I put dwn my phne the next time I’m n a train, it wn’t save the planet. But I’ll be lking ut the windw with my wn eyes, creating a memry that releases n carbn at all.(不过，我们还是有办法的。当我们面临数字化决策时，对数据需求较少的选择往往是更明智的选择。例如，当我们上网时阻止第三方跟踪，不仅减少了互联网浏览的功耗；这对你的隐私也有好处。更根本的是，也许我们不需要把所有东西都变成数据。如果我下次在火车上放下手机，那也不能拯救地球。但我会用自己的眼睛看着窗外，创造一段完全不释放碳的记忆。)”提到，尽管个人行为对整体环境影响有限，们我们仍可以在口常生活小做出更环保的选择，例如减少数据使用或关闭第一方追踪。因此推断作者强调即使个人页献微小，也有价值。故选C。
Passage（5）
【湖北省武汉市第一中学2024-2025学年高三上学期12月联考】When science fictin and the science f time meet, they invite us int a deep explratin f the nature f time. Despite its presence everywhere in daily life, time remains a mystery, with n definitive definitin. Our cncept f time may be a mental shrtcut, a tl fr ur limited brains t cmprehend change.
The English language frequently emplys the nun“time,” yet we lack a satisfactry explanatin fr it. Cncerning time, quantum (量子) mechanics and daily experiences ften cntradict each ther, suggesting time’s cmplexity and ambiguus nature. Our mental cnceptin f time may never crrespnd with its reality in the universe, but this shuldn’t stp us frm explring it.
Many science fictin qutes tuch n time. Ray Cummings’ 1919 nvel, The Girl in the Glden Atm, ffers a memrable qute: “Time is what keeps everything frm happening at nce,” implying time’s structural rle in the universe. Blake Cruch’s Recursin presents a cntrasting view: “Time is a false image, a cncept made ut f human memry.”
Rbert Charles Wilsn’s Spin explres varius frms f time, frm persnal measurement t csmic scales, emphasizing ur challenging relatinship with it. S. D．Unwin’s One Secnd Per Secnd suggests time as chas within a csmic plan, with peple and civilizatins as its playthings. Rbert V. S. Redick’s Vanishing Pint describes time as a trick due t ur cmprehensin f time’s flw.
Captain Jean-Luc Picard frm Star Trek says, “Time is a cmpanin wh reminds us t cherish every mment,” emphasizing its value. David Brin’s Brightness Reef describes time as a cruel judge, punishing even the successful and brilliant. Stephen Baxter’s The Time Ships catches time’s frightening nature, darkening human achievements in the vastness f time.
Time travel, a majr tpic f science fictin, is ften discussed. H. G. Wells’ 1895 nvel The Time Machine pses the enduring questin f whether mving backward and frward in time is pssible. These qutes frm science fictin highlight ur trubled relatinship with time and encurage us t think mre deeply abut its reality.
8．What is the verall tne f the text?
A．Inquiring.B．Pessimistic.C．Persuasive.D．Definitive.
9．What can be learned abut time frm paragraph 2?
A．Time is easy t understand but has a cmplex nature in science.
B．Time is a cmmn cncept in daily life well crrespnding with scientific reality.
C．Daily experiences ften g against scientific understandings f time.
D．Quantum physics has n impact n ur understanding f time.
10．What des Stephen Baxter’s The Time Ships emphasize?
A．Time as a cmpanin wh reminds us t cherish every mment.
B．The insignificance f human successes in the lng histry f time.
C．The pssibility t mve backward and frward in time at will.
D．A false belief due t ur cmprehensin f time’s flw.
11．What des the text mainly talk abut?
A．The histry f time and famus qutes in science fictin.
B．The definitin f time in scientific terms and time travel.
C．The relatinship between time and daily life.
D．The science f time and its explratin in science fictin.
【答案】8．A 9．C 10．B 11．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要列举了一些科幻小说中对于时间的探究和作者对时间的看法。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段“When science fictin and the science f time meet, they invite us int a deep explratin f the nature f time.(当科幻小说和时间科学相遇时，它们邀请我们深入探索时间的本质)” 暗示了文章是在进行一种探索或询问。接着，文章通过引用多个科幻作品中的观点，展示了人们对时间的不同理解和看法，进一步体现了这种探究的语气。可知，文章的整体语调是探究式的。故选A。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段“The English language frequently emplys the nun “time,” yet we lack a satisfactry explanatin fr it. Cncerning time, quantum (量子) mechanics and daily experiences ften cntradict each ther, suggesting time’s cmplexity and ambiguus nature. Our mental cnceptin f time may never crrespnd with its reality in the universe, but this shuldn’t stp us frm explring it.(英语中经常使用名词“时间”，但我们缺乏一个令人满意的解释。关于时间，量子力学和日常经验常常相互矛盾，表明时间的复杂性和模糊性。我们对时间的心理概念可能永远不会与宇宙中的现实相符，但这不应该阻止我们探索它)”可知，日常经验常常与科学对时间的理解相违背。故选C。
10．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Stephen Baxter’s The Time Ships catches time’s frightening nature, darkening human achievements in the vastness f time.(史蒂芬·巴克斯特的《时间之船》抓住了时间令人恐惧的本质，在时间的浩瀚中遮蔽了人类的成就)”可知，史蒂芬·巴克斯特的《时间之船》强调在漫长的历史长河中，人类成功的微不足道。故选B。
11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“When science fictin and the science f time meet, they invite us int a deep explratin f the nature f time. Despite its presence everywhere in daily life, time remains a mystery, with n definitive definitin. Our cncept f time may be a mental shrtcut, a tl fr ur limited brains t cmprehend change.(当科幻小说和时间科学相遇时，它们邀请我们深入探索时间的本质。尽管时间在日常生活中无处不在，但它仍然是一个谜，没有明确的定义。我们的时间概念可能是一种思维捷径，是我们有限的大脑理解变化的工具)”以及文章主要列举了一些科幻小说中对于时间的探究和作者对时间的看法。可知，这篇文章主要讲了科幻小说中的时间科学及其探索。故选D。
Passage（6）
【华中师范大学第一附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期开学】A wave f startups say seaweed is a slutin t climate change - able t absrb atmspheric carbn, prvide raw materials fr bifuels, and feed the wrld - n fertilizers (化肥), fresh water, r even land required. Running Tide, a Maine-based cmpany, is wrking n a system that will eventually sink the buys (浮标), attached with lng lcks f seaweed, t the deep cean flr, where the carbn they cntain will remain stred fr 800 years r mre.
Running Tide was funded by Marty Odlin, an engineer and furth-generatin cmmercial fisherman. The Gulf f Maine is warming faster than nearly every ther ceanic regin, and Odlin has seen the changes firsthand. Abut 15 years ag, Odlin heard a talk frm Klaus Lackner - the physicist wh ppularised the idea f remving carbn frm the atmsphere. It clicked. “It was like, h, this is right because there’s n way we’ re ging t get ff fssil (化石的) fuels in the next 50 years, ” he recalls thinking. “We’ re ging t have t pull it dwn.”
Using seaweed t draw dwn carbn wuld be an elegant slutin - if it wrks. Seaweed frests cllectively cver an estimated tw millin square kilmeters and absrb as much carbn as the Amazn rainfrest. But much f that strage is shrt-lived. When the seaweed is harvested, eaten by animals, r washes ashre, its stred carbn is released back int the atmsphere. Running Tide’s mdel, in thery at least, wuld take that stred carbn and sink it t the cean flr where it wuld remain fr centuries, breaking dwn slwly.
Sme scientists are careful abut rushing ahead befre fundamental scientific, envirnmental, and regulatry questins are answered. “Climate change is intensifying, and peple are panicking, ”says Kristen Davis, a prfessr f University f Califrnia Irvine, “but the science is nt there yet t actually cnfirm that it’s a gd idea. ”
8．What can we learn abut Running Tide's system?
A．It remves carbn frm seaweed.
B．It turns seaweed int fertilizers.
C．It sinks seaweed int the cean flr.
D．It stres seaweed as fd surces.
9．What did Lackner's speech lead Odlin t d?
A．Mnitr changes in ceanic regins.B．Reduce cmmercial fishing industry.
C．Set restrictins n the use f fssil fuels.D．Remve carbn frm the atmsphere.
10．What des paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?
A．Steps f a carbn replacement methd.B．The underlying lgic f sinking seaweeds.
C．Examples f massive seaweed frests.D．The carbn absrbing ability f seaweeds.
11．Why des the authr qute Kristen Davis?
A．T prve Odlin's pinin.B．T emphasise the climate crisis.
C．T advcate scientists' cperatin.D．T present the issue bjectively.
【答案】8．C 9．D 10．B 11．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了利用海藻对抗气候变化的新兴创业项目和其背后的科学原理、挑战及专家观点。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Running Tide, a Maine-based cmpany, is wrking n a system that will eventually sink the buys (浮标), attached with lng lcks f seaweed, t the deep cean flr (总部位于缅因州的奔潮公司正在研究一种系统，该系统最终将这些附着着长串海藻的浮标沉入海底)”可知，该系统会将海草沉入海底。故选C。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Abut 15 years ag, Odlin heard a talk frm Klaus Lackner - the physicist wh ppularized the idea f remving carbn frm the atmsphere. It clicked. ‘It was like, h, this is right because there’s n way we’re ging t get ff fssil fuels in the next 50 years,’ he recalls thinking. ‘We’re ging t have t pull it dwn.’ (大约15年前，Odlin听了物理学家Klaus Lackner的演讲，Lackner普及了从大气中去除碳的想法。Odlin听后觉得很有道理，认为在接下来的50年里，我们无法摆脱化石燃料，因此我们必须从大气中去除碳。)”可知，Lackner的演讲促使Odlin想要从大气中去除碳。故选D。
10．主旨大意题。根据第三段内容“Using seaweed t draw dwn carbn wuld be an elegant slutin - if it wrks. Seaweed frests cllectively cver an estimated tw millin square kilmeters and absrb as much carbn as the Amazn rainfrest. But much f that strage is shrt-lived. When the seaweed is harvested, eaten by animals, r washes ashre, its stred carbn is released back int the atmsphere. Running Tide’s mdel, in thery at least, wuld take that stred carbn and sink it t the cean flr where it wuld remain fr centuries, breaking dwn slwly. (使用海藻来减少碳排放将是一个优雅的解决方案——如果它有效的话。海藻林总共覆盖了大约200万平方公里，吸收的碳与亚马逊雨林一样多。但是大部分的储存都是短暂的。当海藻被收割、被动物吃掉或被冲上岸时，其储存的碳被释放回大气中。至少在理论上，奔流大潮的模型会把储存的碳带到海底，在那里它们可以保存数百年，慢慢分解。)”可知，这段主要讲述了下沉海藻的基本逻辑，B选项“海藻下沉的潜在逻辑”可以概括本段的主要内容。故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Sme scientists are careful abut rushing ahead befre fundamental scientific, envirnmental, and regulatry questins are answered. ‘Climate change is intensifying, and peple are panicking,’ says Kristen Davis, a prfessr f University f Califrnia Irvine, ‘but the science is nt there yet t actually cnfirm that it’s a gd idea.’ (一些科学家对在基本的科学、环境和监管问题得到解答之前仓促行动持谨慎态度。加州大学欧文分校教授克里斯汀•戴维斯说，气候变化正在加剧，人们感到恐慌，但科学还没有真正证实这是个好想法。)”可知，克里斯汀•戴维斯指出一些基础科学、环境和监管问题未解决前就匆忙推进利用海草解决气候变化问题并不明智，因为科学依据还不足，所以作者引用她的话是为了从另一个角度客观地呈现这一问题，避免只强调利用海草解决问题的积极面。故选D。
Passage（7）
【江苏省苏州中学、海门中学、姜堰中学、淮阴中学等四校2024-2025学年高三下学期2月联考】Tw paralyzed patients have been able t walk shrt distances and even climb stairs after being implanted with electrdes (电极) in their brains. In a wrld first, surgens used a technique called deep brain stimulatin t “re-awaken” inactive nerve fibers in the spinal crd and re-establish cntrl f the leg muscles.
The breakthrugh came after neurscientists at the Swiss Federal Technlgy Institute in Lausanne (EPFL) used AI t map all the neurns in the brain invlved in helping rats and mice walk. T their surprise, a regin called the lateral hypthalamus — knwn t be invlved in arusal and mtivatin — was fund t have a rle in walking. It was s unexpected that the finding was initially questined by ther scientists wh peer reviewed the paper fr the jurnal Nature Medicine.
After successful tests in rats and mice, the Swiss team then implanted electrdes in the lateral hypthalamus f the human patients. The technique is carried ut while patients are wide awake. Only then can surgens be sure they have reached the right area in the brain, with the right strength f stimulatin.
Prfessr Jcelyne Blch, wh carried ut the peratins at Lausanne University Hspital, said: “Once the electrde was in place and we perfrmed the stimulatin, the first patient immediately said, ‘I feel my legs’. When we increased the stimulatin she said, ‘I feel the urge t walk!’”
Scientists believe the lateral hypthalamus sends signals dwn nerve fibres that remain undamaged after the spinal injury, which helps engage the remaining nerve cnnectins and imprve neurlgical recvery.”
The tw patients did nt make a cmplete recvery frm their injury, and were nly able t walk slwly ver shrt distances with a stick r “walker”. But the Lausanne tea m has already shwn it is pssible t restre mvement by using implants in the spinal crd. They hpe that stimulating bth the spine and the brain in future will enhance recvery and help patients walk further and faster.
8．What prcedure allwed the patients t regain sme mbility?
A．Deep brain stimulatin.B．Spinal crd recvery.
C．Leg muscles imprvement.D．Artificial intelligence mapping.
9．What was the first reactin f ther scientists t the discvery?
A．Excitement.B．Skepticism.C．Acceptance.D．Indifference.
10．Why is the technique perfrmed while the patient is awake?
A．T minimize suigical risks.
B．T speed up the implantatin prcess.
C．T cnfirm the crrect spt and stimulatin level.
D．T ensure the patient experiences minimal discmfrt.
11．What is the best title f the passage?
A．Artificial limbs are used fr recvery
B．Brain part has new rles in mvement
C．Regaining the ability t walk requires hi-tech
D．Paralyzed patients walk with brain electrdes
【答案】8．A 9．B 10．C 11．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家利用深部脑刺激技术，在瘫痪患者大脑中植入电极，“唤醒”脊髓中不活跃神经纤维，使其恢复一定行动能力，还提及了相关研究过程。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段“Tw paralyzed patients have been able t walk shrt distances and even climb stairs after being implanted with electrdes (电极) in their brains. In a wrld first, surgens used a technique called deep brain stimulatin t ‘re-awaken’ inactive nerve fibers in the spinal crd and re establish cntrl f the leg muscles.(两名瘫痪患者在大脑中植入电极后，能够短距离行走，甚至爬楼梯。外科医生首次使用一种名为深部脑刺激的技术，“唤醒”脊髓中不活跃的神经纤维，并重新控制腿部肌肉)”可知，是深部脑刺激技术让患者恢复了一些行动能力。故选A项。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“It was s unexpected that the finding was initially questined by ther scientists wh peer reviewed the paper fr the jurnal Nature Medicine.(这一发现如此出人意料，以至于最初为《自然医学》杂志审阅该论文的其他科学家对这一发现提出了质疑) ”可知，其他科学家对这一发现的第一反应是怀疑。故选B项。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The technique is carried ut while patients are wide awake. Only then can surgens be sure they have reached the right area in the brain, with the right strength f stimulatin.(这项技术是在患者完全清醒的状态下进行的。只有这样，外科医生才能确定他们已经到达了大脑中的正确区域，并给予了正确强度的刺激) ”可知，在患者清醒时进行该技术是为了确认正确的位置和刺激水平。故选C项。
11．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“Tw paralyzed patients have been able t walk shrt distances and even climb stairs after being implanted with electrdes (电极) in their brains.(两名瘫痪患者在大脑中植入电极后，能够短距离行走，甚至爬楼梯) ”可知，本文主要介绍了通过在瘫痪患者大脑中植入电极实现短距离行走的研究。故D项“Paralyzed patients walk with brain electrdes(瘫痪患者借助大脑电极行走) ”能概括文章内容，最适合做文章标题。故选D项。
Passage（8）
【广东省红岭中学2024-2025学年高三下学期第五次统一考试】Fancy letting a machine mediate (调解) yur argument? It culd be the latest applicatin fr AI as researchers reveal its mysterius recipe fr finding cmmn grund in culture war cnflicts.
Scientists at Ggle’s DeepMind prject designed what they call the Habermas Machine, a large language AI inspired by German philspher Jürgen Habermas’ thery f cmmunicative actin — the idea that cmmn understanding fsters cperatin. It wrks by taking differing written views n a cntentius (争议的) tpic and cming up with a set f statements designed t keep everyne happy.
Researchers fund that the machine’s musings (想法) were preferred 56% f the time cmpared t statements prduced by human mediatrs. Participants als fund the AI respnse t be mre lgical and infrmative. Study c-authr Prf Chris Summerfield, frm the University f Oxfrd, said: “Helping peple find agreement is a new frntier fr AI. In the event, we fund that it was nt nly as gd as but better than humans trying t d the same jb.”
Summerfield believes the prcess f interacting thrugh the AI mdel helps vercme the drawbacks f traditinal debating chambers such as public meetings and scial media. “Peple can venture these private beliefs,” he explained. “They’re nt put in the psitin where they have t try and lk clever r feel like they have t win an argument irrespective f what they really think. “We were amazed at hw articulate peple were. They were sensible and mderate. I bet that what happens n Twitter/X, fr example, is that the prcess lends itself t digital preening (得意).”
Part f the mdel’s success, he says, lies in its determinatin t give special weight t disagreeing pinin. Rather than siding with the majrity, it allwed minrity vices t feel heard. “A lt f plicymaking is abut finding gd cmprmises, right?” he says. “And yu can nly fit s many peple arund the table. If yu want a very inclusive prcess, then yu need lts f peple t participate. I wuld lve t see this tl used t give us all a better pinin f what peple think abut everything, which I think wuld prbably — n balance — be a gd thing.”
12．What is theretical basis fr the Habermas Machine?
A．Mutual trust riginates frm cperatin.
B．Finding cmmn grund is equal t settling cnflicts.
C．Reslving disagreements helps win argument.
D．Shared agreement prmtes cperatin.
13．Which might be the disadvantage f traditinal mediatin?
A．Failing t shw cleverness.
B．Strng desire t win regardless f true thughts.
C．Being t casual t share secret thughts.
D．Making peple extreme and unreasnable.
14．Which f the fllwing helps the success f the Habermas Machine?
A．Supprting the beliefs f the majrity.
B．Lgical respnse with useful infrmatin.
C．Allwing the majrity vices t be heard.
D．Cmpletely ignring disagreeing ideas.
15．What des Summerfield suggest abut the Habermas Machine?
A．Applying it t mre situatins.
B．Invlving mre peple in the research.
C．Finding gd cmprmises fr it.
D．Offering a better pinin f its prcess.
【答案】12．D 13．B 14．B 15．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了由Ggle的DeepMind项目研究人员设计的Habermas Machine——以AI为基础的调解科技，能够更好地帮助人类解决现实的纷争。文章阐述了它的原理、实验结果和潜能应用。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Scientists at Ggle’s Deep Mind prject designed what they call the Habermas Machine, a large language AI inspired by German philspher Jürgen Habermas’ thery f cmmunicative actin — the idea that cmmn understanding fsters cperatin. (谷歌‘深度思维’项目的科学家们设计了他们所谓的Habermas Machine，这是一种大型语言人工智能，灵感来自德国哲学家Jürgen Habermas的交流行为理论——即共同理解促进合作。)”可知，Habermas Machine的理论基础是达成共识有利于促进合作。故选D项。
13．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Summerfield believes the prcess f interacting thrugh the AI mdel helps vercme the drawbacks f traditinal debating chambers such as public meetings and scial media. “Peple can venture these private beliefs,” he explained. “They’re nt put in the psitin where they have t try and lk clever r feel like they have t win an argument irrespective f what they really think. (萨莫菲尔德认为，通过人工智能模型进行互动的过程有助于克服公开会议和社交媒体等传统辩论室的缺点。‘人们可以大胆尝试这些私人信仰。’他解释说：‘他们没有被置于必须努力看起来聪明的位置，或者觉得他们必须赢得一场争论，而不管他们真正的想法是什么。’)”可知，相比于传统的在房间辩论或者在社媒上辩论，通过人工智能模型进行互动人们更愿意大胆说出私人想法，他们不会处于那种想让自己看起来聪明一点，或者为了赢得辩论不计自己真实想法的境地；由此可推知，传统调解的缺点是无论真实想法如何，都强烈渴望获胜，人们为了赢，会不在乎真实想法。故选B项。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Participants als fund the AI respnse t be mre lgical and infrmative. (参与者认为AI的回应非常有逻辑也有很多有用信息)”和第五段中的“Part f the mdel’s success, he says, lies in its determinatin t give special weight t disagreeing pinin. Rather than siding with the majrity, it allwed minrity vices t feel heard. (它的成功在于这个机器坚决考虑到了异议，不是一味迎合大多数人，也让小众群体的声音被听到)”以及结合四个选项的表述可知，B项“逻辑响应，并具有有用的信息。”是帮助Habermas Machine成功的原因之一。故选B项。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““A lt f plicymaking is abut finding gd cmprmises, right?” he says. “And yu can nly fit s many peple arund the table. If yu want a very inclusive prcess, then yu need lts f peple t participate. I wuld lve t see this tl used t give us all a better pinin f what peple think abut everything, which I think wuld prbably — n balance — be a gd thing.”(‘很多政策制定都是为了找到好的妥协，对吧？’他说。‘你只能让这么多人坐在桌子旁。如果你想要一个非常包容的过程，那么你需要很多人参与。我很乐意看到这个工具能让我们更好地了解人们对所有事情的看法，我认为总的来说，这可能是一件好事。’)”可推知， Summerfield建议将Habermas Machine这个AI工具用于更多的场合，给参与人提供更好的建议，从而达成共识，解决纷争。故选A项。
Passage（1）
【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】In the race t dcument the species n Earth befre they g extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have cllected billins f recrds. Tday, mst recrds f bidiversity are ften in the frm f phts, vides, and ther digital recrds. Thugh they are useful fr detecting shifts in the number and variety f species in an area, a new Stanfrd study has fund that this type f recrd is nt perfect.
“With the rise f technlgy it is easy fr peple t make bservatins f different species with the aid f a mbile applicatin,” said Barnabas Daru, wh is lead authr f the study and assistant prfessr f bilgy in the Stanfrd Schl f Humanities and Sciences. “These bservatins nw utnumber the primary data that cmes frm physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using bservatinal data t investigate hw species are respnding t glbal change, I wanted t knw: Are they usable?”
Using a glbal dataset f 1.9 billin recrds f plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested hw well these data represent actual glbal bidiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in explring the aspects f sampling that tend t bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihd f a citizen scientist t take a picture f a flwering plant instead f the grass right next t it,” said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number f bservatin-nly recrds did nt lead t better glbal cverage. Mrever, these data are biased and favr certain regins, time perids, and species. This makes sense because the peple wh get bservatinal bidiversity data n mbile devices are ften citizen scientists recrding their encunters with species in areas nearby. These data are als biased tward certain species with attractive r eye-catching features.
What can we d with the imperfect datasets f bidiversity?
“Quite a lt,” Daru explained. “Bidiversity apps can use ur study results t infrm users f versampled areas and lead them t places — and even species — that are nt well-sampled. T imprve the quality f bservatinal data, bidiversity apps can als encurage users t have an expert cnfirm the identificatin f their upladed image.”
32. What d we knw abut the recrds f species cllected nw?
A. They are becming utdated.B. They are mstly in electrnic frm.
C. They are limited in number.D. They are used fr public exhibitin.
33. What des Daru’s study fcus n?
A. Threatened species.B. Physical specimens.
C. Observatinal data.D. Mbile applicatins.
34. What has led t the biases accrding t the study?
A. Mistakes in data analysis.B. Pr quality f upladed pictures.
C. Imprper way f sampling.D. Unreliable data cllectin devices.
35. What is Daru’s suggestin fr bidiversity apps?
A. Review data frm certain areas.B. Hire experts t check the recrds.
C. Cnfirm the identity f the users.D. Give guidance t citizen scientists.
【答案】32. B 33. C 34. C 35. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，数字生物多样性记录存在偏见，建议应用程序引导公民科学家获取更好的数据。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Tday, mst recrds f bidiversity are ften in the frm f phts, vides, and ther digital recrds. (今天，大多数生物多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式出现。)”可知，现在收集的物种记录大多是以电子形式存在的。故选B。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“These bservatins nw utnumber the primary data that cmes frm physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using bservatinal data t investigate hw species are respnding t glbal change, I wanted t knw: Are they usable? (这些观察结果现在超过了来自物理标本的原始数据，而且由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：它们有用吗?)”和第四段““We were particularly interested in explring the aspects f sampling that tend t bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihd f a citizen scientist t take a picture f a flwering plant instead f the grass right next t it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”可知，Daru的研究聚焦于观察数据，即人们通过移动应用记录的物种观察数据。故选C。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段““We were particularly interested in explring the aspects f sampling that tend t bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihd f a citizen scientist t take a picture f a flwering plant instead f the grass right next t it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”以及第五段“This makes sense because the peple wh get bservatinal bidiversity data n mbile devices are ften citizen scientists recrding their encunters with species in areas nearby.( 这是有道理的，因为在移动设备上获得观察生物多样性数据的人通常是公民科学家，他们记录了他们在附近地区与物种的接触。)”可知，导致数据偏差的原因是采样方式的不当。故选C。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Bidiversity apps can use ur study results t infrm users f versampled areas and lead them t places — and even species — that are nt well-sampled. T imprve the quality f bservatinal data, bidiversity apps can als encurage users t have an expert cnfirm the identificatin f their upladed image. (生物多样性应用程序可以使用我们的研究结果来告知用户样本过多的地区，并将他们引导到样本不足的地方，甚至是物种。为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图像的身份。)”可知，Daru 建议生物多样性应用应该给公民科学家提供指导。故选D。
Passage（2）
【2024全国甲卷】The Saint Lukas train desn’t accept passengers—it accepts nly the sick. The Saint Lukas is ne f five gvernment-spnsred medical trains that travel t remte twns in central and eastern Russia. Each stp lasts an average f tw days, and during that time the dctrs and nurses n bard prvide rural(乡村)ppulatins with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptins.
“Peple started queuing t make an appintment early in the mrning,” says Emile Ducke, a German phtgrapher wh traveled with the staff f the Saint Lukas fr a tw-week trip in Nvember thrugh the vast regins(区域)f Krasnyarsk and Khakassia.
Russia’s public health care service has been in serius need f mdernizatin. The gvernment has struggled t cme up with measures t address the prblem, particularly in the prer, rural areas east f the Vlga River, including arranging dctr’s appintments by vide chat and expanding financial aid prgrams t mtivate dctrs t practice medicine in remte parts f the cuntry like Krasnyarsk.
The annual arrival f the Saint Lukas is anther attempt t imprve the situatin. Fr 10 mnths every year, the train stps at abut eight statins ver tw weeks, befre returning t the reginal capital t refuel and restck(补给). Then it starts all ver again the next mnth. Mst statins wait abut a year between visits.
Dctrs see up t 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allws fr basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the dctrs and their assistants wrking and living in such little space but still staying fcused and very cncerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance fr many rural peple t get the treatment they want. ”
8. Hw is the Saint Lukas different frm ther trains?
A. It runs acrss cuntries.B. It reserves seats fr the senirs.
C. It functins as a hspital.D. It travels alng a river.
9. What can we infer frm paragraph 3 abut Krasnyarsk?
A. It is heavily ppulated.B. It ffers training fr dctrs.
C. It is a mdern city.D. It needs medical aid.
10. Hw lng can the Saint Lukas wrk with ne supply?
A. Abut a year.B. Abut ten mnths.
C. Abut tw mnths.D. Abut tw weeks.
11. What is Ducke’s attitude tward the Saint Lukas’ services?
A. Appreciative.B. DubtfulC. Ambiguus.D. Cautius.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述政府赞助了五辆名为圣卢卡斯的医疗列车为俄罗斯中部和东部偏远地区每年提供为期10个月的巡回医疗服务，为乡村居民提供基本医疗检查和治疗，改善当地医疗条件。
【8题详解】
细节理解题，根据文章第一段“The Saint Lukas is ne f five gvernment-spnsred medical trains that travel t remte twns in central and eastern Russia. Each stp lasts an average f tw days, and during that time the dctrs and nurses n bard prvide rural(乡村)ppulatins with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptins. (圣卢卡斯号是五列政府资助的医疗列车之一，前往俄罗斯中部和东部的偏远城镇。每一站平均停留两天，在此期间，船上的医生和护士为农村人口提供基本医疗服务、X光扫描和处方。)”可知，圣卢卡斯号与其他火车的不同之处在于它是政府资助的医疗火车，充当医院。因此选C。
【9题详解】
推理判断题，第三段提到“Russia’s public health care service has been in serius need f mdernizatin. The gvernment has struggled t cme up with measures t address the prblem, particularly in the prer, rural areas east f the Vlga River, including arranging dctr's appintments by vide chat and expanding financial aid prgrams t mtivate dctrs t practice medicine in remte parts f the cuntry like Krasnyarsk. (俄罗斯的公共卫生保健服务迫切需要现代化。政府一直在努力提出解决这一问题的措施，特别是在伏尔加河以东较贫穷的农村地区，包括通过视频聊天安排医生预约，扩大财政援助计划，激励医生到克拉斯诺亚尔斯克等偏远地区行医。) ”可以推断，Krasnyarsk需要医疗援助，故选D。
【10题详解】
细节理解题，根据第四段“Fr 10 mnths every year, the train stps at abut eight statins ver tw weeks, befre returning t the reginal capital t refuel and restck (补给). ”(每年有10个月，火车在两周内停靠大约八个车站，然后返回地区首府进行补给和重新装货。) ”可知，圣卢卡斯号一份补给可以工作大约两周，故选D。
【11题详解】
推断判断题。根据最后一段的““I was very impressed by the dctrs and their assistants wrking and living in such little space but still staying fcused and very cncerned, ” says Ducke. “They were the best chance fr many rural peple t get the treatment they want. ”(“医生和他们的助手在这么小的空间里工作和生活，但仍然保持专注和非常关注，这给我留下了深刻的印象，”Ducke说。这是许多农村人获得他们想要的治疗的最好机会。”)”可知，Ducke对Saint Lukas的服务持赞赏的态度，故选A。
Passage（3）
【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】We all knw fresh is best when it cmes t fd. Hwever, mst prduce at the stre went thrugh weeks f travel and cvered hundreds f miles befre reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a slid chice t reduce the jurney, Babyln Micr-Farm (BMF) shrtens it even mre.
BMF is an indr garden system. It can be set up fr a family. Additinally, it culd serve a larger audience such as a hspital, restaurant r schl. The innvative design requires little effrt t achieve a reliable weekly supply f fresh greens.
Specifically, it’s a farm that relies n new technlgy. By cnnecting thrugh the Clud, BMF is remtely mnitred. Als, there is a cnvenient app that prvides grwing data in real time. Because the system is autmated, it significantly reduces the amunt f water needed t grw plants. Rather than watering rws f sil, the system prvides just the right amunt t each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pd (容器) t get the next grwth cycle started.
Mrever, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zer emissins (排放) frm transprting plants frm sil t salad. In additin, there’s n need fr pesticides and ther chemicals that pllute traditinal farms and the surrunding envirnment.
BMF emplyees live ut sustainability in their everyday lives. Abut half f them walk r bike t wrk. Inside the ffice, they encurage recycling and waste reductin by limiting garbage cans and aviding single-use plastic. “We are passinate abut reducing waste, carbn and chemicals in ur envirnment,” said a BMF emplyee.
8. What can be learned abut BMF frm paragraph 1?
A. It guarantees the variety f fd.B. It requires day-t-day care.
C. It cuts the farm-t-table distance.D. It relies n farmer’s markets.
9. What infrmatin des the cnvenient app ffer?
A. Real-time weather changes.B. Current cnditin f the plants.
C. Chemical pllutants in the sil.D. Availability f pre-seeded pds.
10. What can be cncluded abut BMF emplyees?
A. They have a great passin fr sprts.
B. They are devted t cmmunity service.
C. They are fnd f sharing daily experiences.
D They have a strng envirnmental awareness.
11. What des the text mainly talk abut?
A. BMF’s majr strengths.B. BMF’s general management.
C. BMF’s glbal influence.D. BMF’s technical standards.
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a slid chice t reduce the jurney, Babyln Micr-Farm (BMF) shrtens it even mre. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”可知，巴比伦微型农场（BMF）进一步缩短了从农场到餐桌的距离。故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Als, there is a cnvenient app that prvides grwing data in real time. (此外，还有一个便捷的应用程序，可以实时提供增长数据)”可知，这个便捷的应用程序提供了植物生长的实时数据。故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“BMF emplyees live ut sustainability in their everyday lives. Abut half f them walk r bike t wrk. Inside the ffice, they encurage recycling and waste reductin by limiting garbage cans and aviding single-use plastic. “We are passinate abut reducing waste, carbn and chemicals in ur envirnment,” said a BMF emplyee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，BMF员工具有强烈的环保意识。故选D。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a slid chice t reduce the jurney, Babyln Micr-Farm (BMF) shrtens it even mre. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”、第三段“By cnnecting thrugh the Clud, BMF is remtely mnitred. Als, there is a cnvenient app that prvides grwing data in real time. Because the system is autmated, it significantly reduces the amunt f water needed t grw plants. Rather than watering rws f sil, the system prvides just the right amunt t each plant. (通过云连接，对BMF进行远程监控。此外，还有一个方便的应用程序可以实时提供不断增长的数据。由于该系统是自动化的，因此大大减少了种植植物所需的水量。该系统不是给一排排土壤浇水，而是为每株植物提供合适的水量)”以及最后一段“BMF emplyees live ut sustainability in their everyday lives. Abut half f them walk r bike t wrk. Inside the ffice, they encurage recycling and waste reductin by limiting garbage cans and aviding single-use plastic. “We are passinate abut reducing waste, carbn and chemicals in ur envirnment,” said a BMF emplyee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。故选A。
Passage（4）
【2024浙江1月卷】On September 7, 1991, the cstliest hailstrm (雹暴) in Canadian histry hit Calgary’s suthern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a grup f insurance cmpanies have spent abut $2millin per year n the Alberta Hail Suppressin Prject. Airplanes seed threatening strm cells with a chemical t make small ice crystals fall as rain befre they can grw int dangerus hailstnes. But farmers in east-central Alberta — dwnwind f the hail prject flights — wrry that precius misture (水分) is being stlen frm their thirsty land by the clud seeding.
Nrman Stienwand, wh farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings n this issue fr years “Basically, the prvincial gvernment is letting the insurance cmpanies prtect the Calgary-Edmntn urban area frm hail,” Mr. Stienwan d says, “but they’re increasing drught risk as far east as Saskatchewan.”
The Alberta hail prject is managed by Terry Krauss, a clud physicist wh wrks fr Weather Mdificatin Inc. f Farg, Nrth Dakta. “We affect nly a very small percentage f the ttal misture in the air, s we cannt be cusing drught.” Dr. Krauss says. “In fact, we may be helping increase the misture dwnwind by creating wetter grund.”
One dubter abut the safety f clud seeding is Chuck Dswell, a research scientist wh just retired frm the University f Oklahma. “In 1999, I persnally saw significant trnades (龙卷风) frm frm a seeded strm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Dswell says. “Des clud seeding create killer strms r reduce misture dwnwind? N ne really knws, f curse, but the seeding ges n.”
Given the degree f dubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it wuld be wise t stp clud seeding.” In practice, dubt has had the ppsite effect. Due t the lack f scientific prf cncerning their impacts, n ne has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against clud-seeding cmpanies. Hence, private climate engineering can prceed in relative legal safety.
8. What des the prject aim t d?
A. Cnserve misture in the sil.B. Prevent the frmatin f hailstnes.
C. Frecast disastrus hailstrms.D. Investigate chemical use in farming.
9. Wh are ppsed t the prject?
A. Farmers in east-central Alberta.B. Managers f insurance cmpanies.
C. Prvincial gvernment fficials.D. Residents f Calgary and Edmntn
10. Why des Dr. Dswell mentin the trnades he saw in 1999?
A. T cmpare different kinds f seeding methds.
B. T illustrate the develpment f big hailstrms.
C. T indicate a pssible danger f clud seeding.
D. T shw the link between strms and misture.
11. What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A. Scientific studies have prved Stienwand right.
B. Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada.
C. The dubt abut clud seeding has disappeared.
D. Clud-seeding cmpanies will cntinue t exist.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了1991年9月7日，加拿大历史上损失最大的冰雹袭击了卡尔加里的南郊。因此，自1996年以来，一组保险公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目上花费约200万美元。飞机在有威胁的风暴中心中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下。但是，在艾伯塔省中东部的农民们担心，“冰雹计划”飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷走。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“As a result, since 1996 a grup f insurance cmpanies have spent abut $2millin per year n the Alberta Hail Suppressin Prject. Airplanes seed threatening strm cells with a chemical t make small ice crystals fall as rain befre they can grw int dangerus hailstnes.(因此，自1996年以来，一组保险公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目上花费约200万美元。飞机在有威胁的风暴中心中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下)”可知，这个项目的目标是防止冰雹的形成。故选B项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“But farmers in east-central Alberta — dwnwind f the hail prject flights — wrry that precius misture (水分) is being stlen frm their thirsty land by the clud seeding.(但是，在艾伯塔省中东部的农民们担心，“冰雹计划”飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷走)”可知，艾伯塔省中东部的农民反对这个项目。故选A项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“One dubter abut the safety f clud seeding is Chuck Dswell, a research scientist wh just retired frm the University f Oklahma. “In 1999, I persnally saw significant trnades (龙卷风) frm frm a seeded strm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Dswell says. “Des clud seeding create killer strms r reduce misture dwnwind? N ne really knws, f curse, but the seeding ges n.”(查克·多斯韦尔是一位刚刚从俄克拉何马大学退休的研究科学家，他对人工降雨的安全性持怀疑态度。“1999年，我在堪萨斯州亲眼目睹了由种子风暴细胞形成的重大龙卷风，”多斯韦尔博士说。“人工降雨会制造致命风暴还是减少顺风处的水分？当然，没有人真正知道，但是播种还在继续。”)”可推知，多斯韦尔博士提到他在1999年看到的龙卷风是为了提示人工降雨可能带来的危险。故选C项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Given the degree f dubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it wuld be wise t stp clud seeding.” In practice, dubt has had the ppsite effect. Due t the lack f scientific prf cncerning their impacts, n ne has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against clud-seeding cmpanies. Hence, private climate engineering can prceed in relative legal safety.(考虑到质疑的程度，斯廷旺德建议，“停止人工降雨是明智的。”在实践中，怀疑产生了相反的效果。由于缺乏有关其影响的科学证据，没有人成功地赢得了对人工降雨公司的诉讼。因此，私人气候工程可以在相对合法的安全条件下进行)”可推知，从最后一段我们能推断出人工降雨公司将继续存在。故选D项。
Passage（5）
【2024北京卷】Franz Bas’s descriptin f Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the prbable mral cde f early humans. Here, nrms (规范) were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well understd and taken t heart. Dishnest and vilent behaviurs were disapprved f; leadership, marriage and interactins with ther grups were lsely gverned by traditins. Cnflict was ften reslved in musical battles. Because arguing angrily leads t chas, it was strngly discuraged. With life in the unfrgiving Nrthern Canada being s demanding, the Inuit’s practical apprach t mrality made gd sense.
The similarity f mral virtues acrss cultures is striking, even thugh the relative ranking f the virtues may vary with a scial grup’s histry and envirnment. Typically, cruelty and cheating are discuraged, while cperatin, humbleness and curage are praised. These universal nrms far pre-date the cncept f any mralising religin r written law. Instead, they are rted in the similarity f basic human needs and ur shared mechanisms fr learning and prblem slving. Our scial instincts (本能) include the intense desire t belng. The apprval f thers is rewarding, while their disapprval is strngly disliked. These scial emtins prepare ur brains t shape ur behaviur accrding t the nrms and values f ur family and ur cmmunity. Mre generally, scial instincts mtivate us t learn hw t behave in a scially cmplex wrld.
The mechanism invlves a repurpsed reward system riginally used t develp habits imprtant fr self-care. Our brains use the system t acquire behaviural patterns regarding safe rutes hme, efficient fd gathering and dangers t avid. Gd habits save time, energy and smetimes yur life. Gd scial habits d smething similar in a scial cntext. We learn t tell the truth, even when lying is self-serving; we help a grandparent even when it is incnvenient. We acquire what we call a sense f right and wrng.
Scial benefits are accmpanied by scial demands: we must get alng, but nt put up with t much. Hence self-discipline is advantageus. In humans, a greatly enlarged brain bsts self-cntrl, just as it bsts prblem-slving skills in the scial as well as the physical wrld. These abilities are strengthened by ur capacity fr language, which allws scial practices t develp in extremely unbvius ways.
32. What can be inferred abut the frming f the Inuit’s mral cde?
A. Living cnditins were the drive.B. Unwritten rules were the target.
C. Scial traditin was the basis.D. Hnesty was the key.
33. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. Incnveniences are the cause f telling lies.B. Basic human needs lead t universal nrms.
C. Language capacity is limited by self-cntrl.D. Written laws have great influence n virtues.
34. Which wuld be the best title fr this passage?
A. Virtues: Bridges Acrss CulturesB. The Values f Self-discipline
C. Brains: Walls Against ChasD. The Rts f Mrality
【答案】32. C 33. B 34. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要围绕人类道德规范的起源进行讨论，介绍了早期人类道德准则的形成过程及其如何根植于人类基本需求及共同的社会学习和问题解决机制中。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Here, nrms (规范) were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well understd and taken t heart. Dishnest and vilent behaviurs were disapprved f; leadership, marriage and interactins with ther grups were lsely gverned by traditins. Cnflict was ften reslved in musical battles. Because arguing angrily leads t chas, it was strngly discuraged. With life in the unfrgiving Nrthern Canada being s demanding, the Inuit’s practical apprach t mrality made gd sense. (在这里，规范是不成文的，很少明确表达，但被很好地理解和铭记。不赞成不诚实和暴力行为；领导、婚姻以及与其他群体的互动都受到传统的松散控制。冲突往往通过音乐斗争来解决。因为愤怒的争论会导致混乱，所以强烈反对。在无情的加拿大北部，生活的要求如此之高，因纽特人对待道德的务实态度很有道理)”可知，因纽特人的生活中，规范是不成文的，因纽特人的道德准则的形成是以社会传统为基础的。故选C项。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“These universal nrms far pre-date the cncept f any mralising religin r written law. Instead, they are rted in the similarity f basic human needs and ur shared mechanisms fr learning and prblem slving.(这些普遍规范远远早于任何道德化宗教或成文法律的概念。相反，它们植根于人类基本需求的相似性以及我们学习和解决问题的共同机制)”可知，普遍的道德规范植根于人类基本需求的相似性以及我们学习和解决问题的共同机制，即人类的基本需求导致普遍的道德规范形成。故选B项。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Franz Bas’s descriptin f Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the prbable mral cde f early humans.(弗朗兹·博厄斯对19世纪因纽特人生活的描述说明了早期人类可能的道德准则)”以及文章内容可知，本文围绕人类道德规范的起源进行讨论，主要介绍了早期人类道德准则的形成过程及其如何根植于人类基本需求及共同的社会学习和问题解决机制中，所以“道德的起源”适合作为文章标题。故选D项。
Passage 6
【2024浙江1月卷】The Stanfrd marshmallw (棉花糖) test was riginally cnducted by psychlgist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged fur t six at a nursery schl were placed in a rm. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed n a table. Each child was tld if they waited fr 15 minutes befre eating the treat, they wuld be given a secnd treat. Then they were left alne in the rm. Fllw-up studies with the children later in life shwed a cnnect in between an ability t wait lng enugh t btain a secnd treat and varius frms f success.
As adults we face a versin f the marshmallw test every day. We’ re nt tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by ur cmputers, phnes, and tablets — all the devices that cnnect us t the glbal delivery system fr varius types f infrmatin that d t us what marshmallws d t preschlers.
We are tempted by sugary treats because ur ancestrs lived in a calrie-pr wrld, and ur brains develped a respnse mechanism t these treats that reflected their value — a feeling f reward and satisfactin. But as we’ve reshaped the wrld arund us, dramatically reducing the cst and effrt invlved in btaining calries, we still have the same brains we had thusands f years ag, and this mismatch is at the heart f why s many f us struggle t resist tempting fds that we knw we shuldn’t eat.
A similar prcess is at wrk in ur respnse t infrmatin. Our frmative envirnment as a species was infrmatin-pr, s ur brains develped a mechanism that prized new infrmatin. But glbal cnnectivity has greatly changed ur infrmatin envirnment. We are nw ceaselessly bmbarded (轰炸) with new infrmatin. Therefre, just as we need t be mre thughtful abut ur calric cnsumptin, we als need t be mre thughtful abut ur infrmatin cnsumptin, resisting the temptatin f the mental “junk fd” in rder t manage ur time mst effectively.
12. What did the children need t d t get a secnd treat in Mischel’s test?
A. Take an examinatin alne.B. Shw respect fr the researchers.
C. Share their treats with thers.D. Delay eating fr fifteen minutes.
13. Accrding t paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between ___________.
A. the calrie-pr wrld and ur gd appetites
B. the shrtage f sugar and ur nutritinal needs
C. the rich fd supply and ur unchanged brains
D. the tempting fds and ur effrts t keep fit
14. What des the authr suggest readers d?
A. Absrb new infrmatin readily.B. Be selective infrmatin cnsumers.
C. Use diverse infrmatin surces.D. Prtect the infrmatin envirnment.
15. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Eat Less, Read MreB. The Bitter Truth abut Early Humans
C. The Later, the BetterD. The Marshmallw Test fr Grwnups
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. B 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。在信息化时代我们作为成年人每天都在面对棉花糖测试，信息轰炸让我们摄入了太多精神“垃圾食品”，文章对此进行了介绍。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第四句“Each child was tld if they waited fr 15 minutes befre eating the treat, they wuld be given a secnd treat.(每个孩子都被告知，如果他们在吃之前等待15分钟，他们将得到第二次奖励。)”可知，在米歇尔的测试中，孩子们需要在吃之前等待15分钟才能得到第二次奖励。故选D。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“But as we’ve reshaped the wrld arund us, dramatically reducing the cst and effrt invlved in btaining calries, we still have the same brains we had thusands f years ag, and this mismatch is at the heart f why s many f us struggle t resist tempting fds that we knw we shuldn’t eat.(但是，当我们重塑了我们周围的世界，大大减少了获取卡路里的成本和努力时，我们的大脑仍然和几千年前一样，这种不匹配是我们这么多人努力抵抗我们知道不应该吃的诱人食物的核心原因。)”可知，根据第三段可知，丰富的食物供应和我们不曾改变的大脑之间存在不匹配。故选C。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Therefre, just as we need t be mre thughtful abut ur calric cnsumptin, we als need t be mre thughtful abut ur infrmatin cnsumptin, resisting the temptatin f the mental “junk fd” in rder t manage ur time mst effectively.(因此，就像我们需要更仔细地考虑我们的热量消耗一样，我们也需要更仔细地考虑我们的信息消耗，抵制精神“垃圾食品”的诱惑，以便最有效地管理我们的时间。)”可知，作者建议读者做有选择性的信息消费者。故选B。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“As adults we face a versin f the marshmallw test every day. We’ re nt tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by ur cmputers, phnes, and tablets — all the devices that cnnect us t the glbal delivery system fr varius types f infrmatin that d t us what marshmallws d t preschlers.(作为成年人，我们每天都要面对棉花糖测试。诱惑我们的不是甜食，而是我们的电脑、手机和平板电脑——所有这些将我们与全球信息传递系统连接起来的设备，它们对我们的作用就像棉花糖对学龄前儿童的作用一样。)”可知，文章主要是讲在信息化时代我们作为成年人每天都在面对棉花糖测试，信息轰炸让我们摄入了太多精神“垃圾食品”。故选D。
说明文阅读量大，生僻词汇多，句式结构复杂，这就需要考生有方法有技巧地去阅读。一般我们采用的方法有三个：细读、略读和跳读。
（1）细读重点。重点，就原文而言，就是文章的基本结构、内容和态度；就答题而言，就
是问题所对应的题源句。以这个标准来衡量，需要重点阅读的原文词句就不会很多。
宏观方面：文章结构；文章主题句；各段首末句；体现作者观点态度的词句。
微观方面：有转折处；重要标点；句子主干。
（2）有选择地略读或跳读。在快速浏览了题干，初步把握了文章大意及结构的基础上，可大胆进行略读或跳读，这样不但可以加快阅读速度，还更容易总体把握全文。在阅读中可略读或跳读的内容包括：
① 繁琐的例证。为了说明问题，作者可能会借用形象的例子，有时候会比较繁琐，虽能说明问题，但需要读者花很多时间去阅读。如果例子所说明的问题不明了，可通过略读来理解；若例子所说明的问题比较明了，则例子部分可一带而过。
② 并列多项列举。有时许多功能相同的项目并列列举，那么只读其中一两项即可，无需
全读。
③ 无关大局的生僻词汇。阅读中经常会遇到一些生词，如果这些生词对理解全文没有影响或影响不大就可略过。
④ 较长的人名、地名。有许多较长的表示人名、地名等的专有名词，阅读时可一扫而过或干脆用其首字母代替，不必试图把整个专有名词读出来。
在略读过程中，要特别注意对解题有重要意义的词、句、段等，并将其储存在大脑里，以免回头再查看费时费力。