高考英语二轮讲义-阅读理解（D篇）（核心考点精讲精练）（教师版）

这是一份高考英语二轮讲义-阅读理解（D篇）（核心考点精讲精练）（教师版），共101页。试卷主要包含了 高考真题考点分布， 命题规律及备考策略， 耐心分析与解题相关的长难句等内容，欢迎下载使用。
本资料注重培优，集中强化重点，突破难度，规避易混易错点，练习全部是26年新模拟题
1. 高考真题考点分布
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
1．从命题内容上看，高考命题主要从以下几方面考查：研究报告是说明文类中重要的一种形式，也是英语试题中最难的部分。是我们在培优中最应该突破的部分，因为一轮复习有时间攻坚克难。研究报告通常包括科普类、心理学类、语言类、宇宙探索类、社会交往类、人工智能类等，涉及的内容比较广泛。
2．从命题思路上看：
研究报告类说明文通常包括研究结果、研究方法、研究过程、结论阐述、专家评议。研究结果通常会考查主旨大意，关键找中心句，研究方法、研究过程通常考查细节理解和推理判断，专家评议通常考查情感态度、推理判断。
【备考策略】
1. 掌握研究报告说明文的文体特征。
2. 掌握研究报告说明文的命题规律及各种题型的解题要领和选项规律。
3. 熟练掌握研究报告说明文常用的框架结构、说明顺序和说明方法是解题的关键所在，这样就能从整体着眼看清文章的脉络。
【命题预测】
预计2026年研究报告类说明文仍然是试卷中的难点。预想英语得高分成功突破研究报告是关键。问题设置主要以细节理解和推理判断为主，多出现态度观点题。
【必备基础知识】
科普研究类文本结构
总的结构：研究的问题，对象，内容----研究的方法，过程---研究的结果，发现
1. 提出问题----（各类观点/背景信息）----实验发现----解决问题
2. 现象----原因----进一步推进----如何做到----进一步推进----总结
3.结论--实验--总结
结论是批旧立新；实验是设立参照组；总结是照应结论和展望未来。
命题点是：结论是什么？实验说明了什么？未来是什么？
干扰项特点：截取关键句或非关键句的部分词汇生造一个逻辑，可以说是无中生有。
考生要注意：即使选项每个词文中都有，也要留意这是命题人可能在用熟悉词来混淆视线。
高考说明文阅读技巧
1. 把握首段/尾段/及段落主题句（段首句）
2. 通过每个段落主题句快速掌握文章结构
3. 把握关键词/并忽略无关紧要的修饰词
4. 耐心分析与解题相关的长难句
说明文阅读方法及解题技巧：
Step 1. 略读。在第一遍通读文章时，明确每段话的主题句，了解段落大意。（阅读过程中标记关键词：人名、专有名词、表结论/对比/因果等）
Step 2. 梳理段落主题句，掌握文章架构，体会作者写作目的及意图。
Step 3. 做题。仔细阅读题干，判断题目与文章各个段落的相关性，二次精读时将选项代入对应段落，继而得出答案。
把握说明方法，抓准关键词
在行文中，为了把事物的本质特征说清楚，或把事理阐述明白，通常会用到下列说明方法：举例子、做比较、分类别、析因果、列数字、作诠释、打比方、下定义、列图标、引用、假设、对比或类比等。
对应的就会出现一些标志性的用词：find/discver/prve/indicate/state/stress/explain/shw/fr example/
fr instance/define/cmpare/cause
表示上下文逻辑关系的词
考点一 考查研究报告Findings/discveries--evidence(experiment, result)--cnclusin(applicatin/evaluatin)类
研究发现型：研究发现——研究过程(背景、目标、对象、原理、方法、数据、结果...) —— 研究结论(前景、影响、意义、评价、未来方向、不足...)
解题指导
1.基本规律：研究报告说明文一般难度都比较大，命题者设题的难度并不大。
2．实用解题方法：① 某人说的话，或者是带引号的，一定要高度重视。很有可能就是某个问题的同义替换。
②有时候每段的第一句话，仅仅是一个表述。而在第2或3句以后，会出现对比或者转折。一般来说，转折后面的是作者的态度。要注意的是：作者对什么进行了转折。
③每一个问题，在原文中，都要有一个定位。然后精读，找出那个中心句或者关键词。要抓文章的中心主旨和各段落的大意，阅读理解考的就是这个“中心句”。
④某人说过的话，有时并不是题眼，但可以从侧面或某个角度来反映作者的观点，也就是作者想表达的，正确答案都是和这样的观点相一致的。要把握关键词，有感情色彩的词。
⑤注意中心句（即题眼）和前后句子之间的关系，是接着说的，还是转折关系。要把握和前后句子之间的关系。是并列关系的，可以从这些句子里找同义词；是转折关系的，就通过转折关系句子里的关键词的相反意思来判断。
⑥注意几个词，yet表转折，hardly表否定。while 有时是比较，有时也表转折。比较的时候，注意比较的对象，要弄清楚。转折的时候，你要知道作者对什么进行了转折。
【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】In the race t dcument the species n Earth befre they g extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have cllected billins f recrds. Tday, mst recrds f bidiversity are ften in the frm f phts, vides, and ther digital recrds. Thugh they are useful fr detecting shifts in the number and variety f species in an area, a new Stanfrd study has fund that this type f recrd is nt perfect.
“With the rise f technlgy it is easy fr peple t make bservatins f different species with the aid f a mbile applicatin,” said Barnabas Daru, wh is lead authr f the study and assistant prfessr f bilgy in the Stanfrd Schl f Humanities and Sciences. “These bservatins nw utnumber the primary data that cmes frm physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using bservatinal data t investigate hw species are respnding t glbal change, I wanted t knw: Are they usable?”
Using a glbal dataset f 1.9 billin recrds f plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested hw well these data represent actual glbal bidiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in explring the aspects f sampling that tend t bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihd f a citizen scientist t take a picture f a flwering plant instead f the grass right next t it,” said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number f bservatin-nly recrds did nt lead t better glbal cverage. Mrever, these data are biased and favr certain regins, time perids, and species. This makes sense because the peple wh get bservatinal bidiversity data n mbile devices are ften citizen scientists recrding their encunters with species in areas nearby. These data are als biased tward certain species with attractive r eye-catching features.
What can we d with the imperfect datasets f bidiversity?
“Quite a lt,” Daru explained. “Bidiversity apps can use ur study results t infrm users f versampled areas and lead them t places — and even species — that are nt well-sampled. T imprve the quality f bservatinal data, bidiversity apps can als encurage users t have an expert cnfirm the identificatin f their upladed image.”
【文章的结构分析】
32. What d we knw abut the recrds f species cllected nw?
A. They are becming utdated.B. They are mstly in electrnic frm.
C. They are limited in number.D. They are used fr public exhibitin.
【思维过程】
●题干关键词→What→knw abut→the recrds f species cllected
●文章定位： Tday, mst recrds f bidiversity are ften in the frm f phts, vides, and ther digital recrds.
●解析思维过程→ in the frm f phts, vides, and ther digital recrds→electrnic（同义表达）→B. They are mstly in electrnic frm.
●故选B
33. What des Daru’s study fcus n?
A. Threatened species.B. Physical specimens.
C. Observatinal data.D. Mbile applicatins.
【思维过程】
●题干关键词→What→fcus n
●文章定位： These bservatins nw utnumber the primary data that cmes frm physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using bservatinal data t investigate hw species are respnding t glbal change, I wanted t knw: Are they usable?
●解析思维过程→ using bservatinal data t investigate→Are they usable?→they—bservatinal data→C. Observatinal data.
●故选C
34. What has led t the biases accrding t the study?
A. Mistakes in data analysis.B. Pr quality f upladed pictures.
C. Imprper way f sampling.D. Unreliable data cllectin devices.
【思维过程】
●题干关键词→What→led t→biases
●文章定位： 第四段““We were particularly interested in explring the aspects f sampling that tend t bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihd f a citizen scientist t take a picture f a flwering plant instead f the grass right next t it,” said Daru. 第五段“This makes sense because the peple wh get bservatinal bidiversity data n mbile devices are ften citizen scientists recrding their encunters with species in areas nearby.
●解析思维过程→bias→take a picture f a flwering plant instead f the grass right next t it→recrding their encunters with species in areas nearby→C. Imprper way f sampling.
●故选C
35. What is Daru’s suggestin fr bidiversity apps?
A. Review data frm certain areas.B. Hire experts t check the recrds.
C. Cnfirm the identity f the users.D. Give guidance t citizen scientists.
【思维过程】
●题干关键词→What→led t→biases
●文章定位： Bidiversity apps can use ur study results t infrm users f versampled areas and lead them t places — and even species — that are nt well-sampled. T imprve the quality f bservatinal data, bidiversity apps can als encurage users t have an expert cnfirm the identificatin f their upladed image.
●解析思维过程→ guidance→①t infrm users f versampled areas and lead them t places — and even species — ②encurage users t have an expert cnfirm the identificatin f their upladed image→D. Give guidance t citizen scientists.
●故选D
【答案】32. B 33. C 34. C 35. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，数字生物多样性记录存在偏见，建议应用程序引导公民科学家获取更好的数据。
32.细节理解题。根据第一段“Tday, mst recrds f bidiversity are ften in the frm f phts, vides, and ther digital recrds. (今天，大多数生物多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式出现。)”可知，现在收集的物种记录大多是以电子形式存在的。故选B。
33.细节理解题。根据第二段“These bservatins nw utnumber the primary data that cmes frm physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using bservatinal data t investigate hw species are respnding t glbal change, I wanted t knw: Are they usable? (这些观察结果现在超过了来自物理标本的原始数据，而且由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：它们有用吗?)”和第四段““We were particularly interested in explring the aspects f sampling that tend t bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihd f a citizen scientist t take a picture f a flwering plant instead f the grass right next t it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”可知，Daru的研究聚焦于观察数据，即人们通过移动应用记录的物种观察数据。故选C。
34.细节理解题。根据第四段““We were particularly interested in explring the aspects f sampling that tend t bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihd f a citizen scientist t take a picture f a flwering plant instead f the grass right next t it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”以及第五段“This makes sense because the peple wh get bservatinal bidiversity data n mbile devices are ften citizen scientists recrding their encunters with species in areas nearby.( 这是有道理的，因为在移动设备上获得观察生物多样性数据的人通常是公民科学家，他们记录了他们在附近地区与物种的接触。)”可知，导致数据偏差的原因是采样方式的不当。故选C。
35.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Bidiversity apps can use ur study results t infrm users f versampled areas and lead them t places — and even species — that are nt well-sampled. T imprve the quality f bservatinal data, bidiversity apps can als encurage users t have an expert cnfirm the identificatin f their upladed image. (生物多样性应用程序可以使用我们的研究结果来告知用户样本过多的地区，并将他们引导到样本不足的地方，甚至是物种。为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图像的身份。)”可知，Daru 建议生物多样性应用应该给公民科学家提供指导。故选D。
（2026·湖北省宜昌市高三上学期九月起点考试）Plastic has becme an essential part f mdern life, with arund 1 millin plastic water bttles sld every minute and 5 trillin plastic bags used wrldwide every year, accrding t the UN’s Envirnment Prgram. Half f all plastic prductin is designed fr single-use purpses, and the annual utput f ver 400 millin tns is prjected t reach 1,100 millin tns by 2050. This grwing muntain f waste has intensified public and regulatry demands fr imprved recycling.
Recycling plastic, hwever, is cmplex. Many items are dirty r made frm multiple layers, making traditinal methds ineffective. Cnsequently, ver 90% f plastic waste is buried, r deserted in nature. In respnse, frward-thinking cmpanies are investing in advanced recycling technlgies t turn waste int raw materials fr new plastic. Yet, this apprach has caused debates.
One cmmn methd, pyrlysis, invlves heating plastic waste t prduce il and synthetic gas, which pwers recycling plants. Hwever, the prcess releases harmful substances, raising cncerns abut its envirnmental impact. Critics argue that, rather than achieving a reductin in carbn emissins (排放), this methd might result in similar r even higher levels f emissins cmpared t the prductin f new plastic. Sme even accuse the industry f using advanced recycling as a way t justify cntinued plastic prductin. America’s Envirnmental Prtectin Agency has rejected this apprach, and Eurpean envirnmental grups share similar cncerns.
Despite these challenges, advanced recycling has ptential. Fr instance, Mura Technlgy in the UK claims its hydrthermal prcess prduces mre utput with lwer carbn emissins, while Australia’s Samsara Ec is develping enzyme-based methds that remve the need fr new il. These advancements culd make recycling mre efficient and envirnmentally friendly, helping t keep plastic in use rather than in landfills (填埋场).
While the debate arund advanced recycling cntinues, prgress is underway. Britain recently apprved a versin f the mass-balance apprach, and many EU member states are leaning twards acceptance. With further innvatin and investment, advanced recycling culd play a vital rle in addressing the glbal plastic waste crisis.
12．What d the figures in paragraph 1 indicate?
A．The difficulty f recycling.B．The severity f plastic waste.
C．The prspect f plastic gds.D．The ppularity f plastic items.
13．Why des advanced recycling meet with criticism?
A．It legalizes plastic prductin.B．It prduces mre plastic waste.
C．It des harm t recycling plants.D．It risks higher carbn emissins.
14．What can be inferred abut the innvatins in advanced recycling?
A．They ffer an alternative t new il.
B．They have wn ppularity in the west.
C．They hld prmise fr green recycling.
D．They guarantee a slutin t plastic waste.
15．What is the authr’s attitude twards advanced recycling?
A．Critical.B．Objective.C．Dubtful.D．Supprtive.
【答案】12．B 13．D 14．C 15．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了塑料回收的现状、挑战、先进回收技术及其争议与发展前景。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段“Plastic has becme an essential part f mdern life, with arund 1 millin plastic water bttles sld every minute and 5 trillin plastic bags used wrldwide every year, accrding t the UN’s Envirnment Prgram. Half f all plastic prductin is designed fr single-use purpses, and the annual utput f ver 400 millin tns is prjected t reach 1,100 millin tns by 2050. This grwing muntain f waste has intensified public and regulatry demands fr imprved recycling.(据联合国环境规划署称，塑料已成为现代生活中不可或缺的一部分，全球每分钟售出约100万个塑料水瓶，每年使用5万亿个塑料袋。一半的塑料生产是为了一次性使用，年产量超过4亿吨，预计到2050年将达到11亿吨。这一不断增长的垃圾山加剧了公众和监管机构对改进回收利用的要求。)”可知，第一段中的数字表明了塑料垃圾的严重性。故选B。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段中“One cmmn methd, pyrlysis, invlves heating plastic waste t prduce il and synthetic gas, which pwers recycling plants. Hwever, the prcess releases harmful substances, raising cncerns abut its envirnmental impact. Critics argue that, rather than achieving a reductin in carbn emissins (排放), this methd might result in similar r even higher levels f emissins cmpared t the prductin f new plastic. Sme even accuse the industry f using advanced recycling as a way t justify cntinued plastic prductin. America’s Envirnmental Prtectin Agency has rejected this apprach, and Eurpean envirnmental grups share similar cncerns.(热解是一种常见的回收方法，通过加热塑料垃圾生产石油和合成气，为回收工厂提供能源。但该过程会释放有害物质，引发对其环境影响的担忧。批评者认为，这种方法非但无法减少碳排放，反而可能产生与生产新塑料相当甚至更高的排放水平。一些人甚至指责塑料行业利用先进回收技术作为继续生产塑料的借口。美国环境保护局已否决了这种方法，欧洲环保组织也表达了类似担忧。)”可知，先进回收技术受到批评是因为它有可能导致更高的碳排放。故选D。
14．推理判断题。根据第四段“Despite these challenges, advanced recycling has ptential. Fr instance, Mura Technlgy in the UK claims its hydrthermal prcess prduces mre utput with lwer carbn emissins, while Australia’s Samsara Ec is develping enzyme-based methds that remve the need fr new il. These advancements culd make recycling mre efficient and envirnmentally friendly, helping t keep plastic in use rather than in landfills (填埋场).(尽管存在这些挑战，先进回收仍有潜力。例如，英国的Mura Technlgy公司声称其水热工艺能以更低的碳排放产生更多的产出，而澳大利亚的Samsara Ec公司正在开发基于酶的方法，无需使用新油。这些进步可以使回收更加高效和环保，有助于保持塑料的使用，而不是填埋。)”可知，先进回收技术的创新为绿色回收带来了希望。故选C。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“While the debate arund advanced recycling cntinues, prgress is underway. Britain recently apprved a versin f the mass-balance apprach, and many EU member states are leaning twards acceptance. With further innvatin and investment, advanced recycling culd play a vital rle in addressing the glbal plastic waste crisis.(尽管围绕先进回收的争论仍在继续，但进展正在进行中。英国最近批准了一种质量平衡方法的版本，许多欧盟成员国也倾向于接受。随着进一步的创新和投资，先进回收可以在解决全球塑料垃圾危机方面发挥至关重要的作用。)”等内容可知，作者对先进回收持客观态度，既提到了其面临的挑战和争议，也指出了其潜力和进展。故选B。
考点二 Prblem--study--analysis--cnclusin类研究报告
理解“问题-研究-分析-结论”（Prblem–Study-Analysis–Cnclusin）类研究报告文章并有效做题，关键在于把握文章的结构逻辑、识别关键信息、理解各部分的功能及其相互关系。
（2025年1月浙江卷）
As new technlgies take n increasingly humanlike qualities, there’s been a push t make them genderless. “Peple are steretyping (形成刻板印象) their gendered bjects in very traditinal ways,” says Ashley Martin, a Stanfrd assciate prfessr f rganizatinal behavir. Remving gender frm the picture altgether seems like a simple way t fix this. Yet as Martin has fund in her wrk, gender is ne f the fundamental ways peple frm cnnectins with bjects, particularly thse designed with human characteristics.
In her study, Martin asked participants t rate their attachment t male, female, and genderless versins f a digital vice assistant and a self-driving car knwn as “Miuu.” It was fund that gender increased users’ feelings f attachment t these devices and their interest in purchasing them. Fr example, participants said they wuld be less likely t buy a genderless vice assistant than versins with male r female vices.
While gendering a prduct may be gd marketing, it may als strengthen utdated r harmful ideas abut pwer and identity. The steretypes cmmnly assciated with men, such as cmpetitiveness and dminance, are mre valued than thse assciated with wmen. These qualities, in turn, are mapped nt prducts that have been assigned a gender.
Martin’s study als fund that creating a genderless bject was difficult. Fr instance, if an bject’s name was meant t sund genderless, like Miuu, participants wuld still assign a gender t it — they wuld assume Miuu was a “he” r “she.”
Martin sees a silver lining, hwever: She believes that anthrpmrphism (拟人化) “prvides an pprtunity t change steretypes.” When wmen are put int psitins f leadership like running cmpanies, it reduces negative steretypes abut wmen. Similarly, anthrpmrphized prducts culd be created t take n steretype-incnsistent rles — a male rbt that assists with nursing r a female rbt that helps d calculatins, fr instance.
【文章结构分析】
【长难句分析】
1.【原句】Yet as Martin has fund in her wrk, gender is ne f the fundamental ways peple frm cnnectins with bjects, particularly thse designed with human characteristics.
【译文】然而，正如马丁在她的工作中发现的那样，性别是人们与物体建立联系的基本方式之一，尤其是那些具有人类特征的设计。
【句子结构分析】as Martin has fund in her wrk是非限制性定语从句，peple frm cnnectins with bjects...是定语从句，修饰先行词ways。designed with human characteristics是过去分词短语作定语。
2.【原句】Similarly, anthrpmrphized prducts culd be created t take n steretype-incnsistent rles — a male rbt that assists with nursing r a female rbt that helps d calculatins, fr instance.
【译文】类似地，人类化的产品也可以被创造出来承担与刻板印象不一致的角色——例如，一个男性机器人帮助哺乳，或一个女性机器人帮助计算。
【句子结构分析】破折号后是同位语，同位语由并列连词r连接，that assists with nursing和 that helps d calculatins是定语从句。
32．What is the purpse f making new technlgies genderless?
A．T reduce steretypes.B．T meet public demand.
C．T cut prductin csts.D．T encurage cmpetitin.
【思维过程】
●题干关键词→the purpse→new technlgies→genderless
●文章定位：As new technlgies take n increasingly humanlike qualities, there’s been a push t make them genderless. Peple are steretyping (形成刻板印象) their gendered bjects in very traditinal ways,’ says Ashley Martin, a Stanfrd assciate prfessr f rganizatinal behavir. Remving gender frm the picture altgether seems like a simple way t fix this.
●解析思维过程→Peple are steretyping (形成刻板印象) their gendered bjects in very traditinal ways→seems like a simple way t fix this→A．T reduce steretypes
●故选A
33．What were the participants prbably asked t d in the study?
A．Design a prduct.B．Respnd t a survey.
C．Wrk as assistants.D．Take a language test.
【思维过程】
●题干关键词→What→were asked t d
●文章定位：In her study, Martin asked participants t rate their attachment t male, female, and genderless versins f a digital vice assistant and a self driving car knwn as ‘Miuu.’
●解析思维过程→t rate their attachment t male, female, and genderless versins f a digital vice assistant and a self driving car knwn as ‘Miuu.’→survey→t rate their attachment t →B．Respnd t a survey.
●故选B
34．Why is it difficult t create genderless bjects?
A．They cannt be mass-prduced.B．Naming them is a challenging task.
C．Peple assume they are unreliable.D．Gender is rted in peple’s mind.
【思维过程】
●题干关键词→Why→difficult→create genderless bjects
●文章定位：Martin’s study als fund that creating a genderless bject was difficult. Fr instance, if an bject’s name was meant t sund genderless, like Miuu, participants wuld still assign a gender t it — they wuld assume Miuu was a ‘he’ r ‘she.’
●解析思维过程→participants wuld still assign a gender t it→survey→ they wuld assume Miuu was a ‘he’ r ‘she.’ →注意wuld的意思，意为：会，表示一种习惯——rted（扎根于）→D．Gender is rted in peple’s mind.
●故选D
35．What des the last paragraph mainly talk abut?
A．The quality f genderless prducts.B．The upside f gendering a prduct.
C．The meaning f anthrpmrphism.D．The steretypes f men and wmen.
【思维过程】
●题干关键词→What→the last paragraph→talk abut
●文章定位：①Martin sees a silver lining, hwever: She believes that anthrpmrphism (拟人化) ‘prvides an pprtunity t change steretypes.’ ②anthrpmrphized prducts culd be created t take n steretype-incnsistent rles
●解析思维过程→anthrpmrphism (拟人化) ‘prvides an pprtunity t change steretypes.’→created t take n steretype-incnsistent rles→ B．The upside f gendering a prduct.
●故选B
【答案】32．A 33．B 34．D 35．B
【解析】本文为说明文。文章讲述了新技术呈现人类特质时人们试图使其去性别化，但性别是人们与物体建立联系的基本方式，且创造无性别物体很难，拟人化或能改变刻板印象。
32．细节理解题。根据第一段中“‘Peple are steretyping (形成刻板印象) their gendered bjects in very traditinal ways,’ says Ashley Martin, a Stanfrd assciate prfessr f rganizatinal behavir. Remving gender frm the picture altgether seems like a simple way t fix this. (斯坦福大学组织行为学副教授阿什利·马丁说：“人们以非常传统的方式对有性别的物品形成刻板印象。”完全去除物品的性别似乎是解决这个问题的简单方法)”可知，人们对有性别的物品存在刻板印象，让新技术无性别化的目的是减少这种刻板印象。故选A项。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In her study, Martin asked participants t rate their attachment t male, female, and genderless versins f a digital vice assistant and a self driving car knwn as ‘Miuu.’ (在她的研究中，马丁让参与者对数字语音助手和名为‘Miuu’的自动驾驶汽车的男性、女性和无性别版本的喜爱程度进行评分)”可知，参与者被要求对不同版本的产品进行评价，这类似于对调查做出回应。故选B项。
34．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Martin’s study als fund that creating a genderless bject was difficult. Fr instance, if an bject’s name was meant t sund genderless, like Miuu, participants wuld still assign a gender t it — they wuld assume Miuu was a ‘he’ r ‘she.’ (马丁的研究还发现，创造无性别对象很困难。例如，如果一个物品的名字听起来是无性别化的，比如Miuu，参与者仍然会给它赋予一个性别——他们会认为Miuu是‘他’或‘她’)”可知，因为性别观念根深蒂固在人们的脑海中，所以即使物品本身试图设计成无性别，人们还是会赋予其性别，这导致创造无性别对象很困难。故选D项。
35．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“Martin sees a silver lining, hwever: She believes that anthrpmrphism (拟人化) ‘prvides an pprtunity t change steretypes.’ (然而，马丁看到了一线希望：她认为拟人化‘提供了改变刻板印象的机会’)”以及后文所举的例子可知，最后一段主要讲了赋予产品性别有积极的一面，即可以通过拟人化改变刻板印象。故选B项。
（2026·浙江省嘉兴市高三上学期9月月考）Thrughut histry, trees have played a crucial rle in maintaining eclgical balance. They absrb CO2 and transfrm it int xygen. But ne f the challenges with this traditinal carbn absrptin is that the CO2 trees stre can be released back int the atmsphere when they die.
Hwever, the discvery f certain trees in Kenya adds a new dimensin t this natural prcess. These trees, als fund in several ther cuntries, have been bserved t transfrm CO2 int calcium xalate. Then bacteria (细菌) present in the trees and surrunding sil transfrm it further int calcium carbnate (碳酸钙), a primary cmpnent f limestne and chalk. The unique prcess ensures that the CO2 is kept in slid frm fr much lnger, even after the tree’s life ends. This finding was emphasized by Mike Rwley frm the University f Zurich at the Gldschmidt Cnference.
While the scientific cmmunity is ptimistic abut these findings, several challenges remain. The primary cncern is determining the exact amunt f CO2 that these trees can transfrm thrughut their lifetime. Withut this accurate data, it is challenging t assess the full impact f this methd glbally. Understanding the eclgical balance and ensuring the preservatin f bidiversity are crucial befre wrldwide planting f these trees. Cperative research effrts are needed t explre these aspects and develp a cmprehensive strategy fr using these trees as a natural slutin t climate change.
This discvery in Kenya invites us t recnsider the ptential f natural prcesses in addressing envirnmental challenges. While technlgical slutins t climate change are vital, integrating natural methds ffers an alternative apprach. The unique ability f these trees presents a prmising methd fr explratin.
The jurney t fighting climate change is cmplex. As we dig deeper int understanding natural phenmena like the Kenyan trees, we must ask urselves: Hw can we make the best f the pwer f nature t create a sustainable future fr generatins t cme?
32．What is special abut the trees fund in Kenya?
A．They absrb mre CO2.B．They help turn CO2 int slids.
C．They release xygen quickly.D．They live in harmny with bacteria.
33．What is the cre challenge befre applying the discvery glbally?
A．Assessing the cst f the prcess.B．Understanding the impact n sil.
C．Quantifying the CO2 transfrmatin.D．Cllecting the data n bidiversity.
34．What des the authr try t explre in the last tw paragraphs?
A．The seriusness f climate change.B．The methd f green develpment.
C．The prspect f scientific appraches.D．The rle f nature in climate slutins.
35．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．A defensive Strategy in NatureB．A Recent Advance in CO2 Research
C．Kenyan Trees: A Natural Carbn LckD．Tree Planting: A Key t Eclgical Balance
【答案】32．B 33．C 34．D 35．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍树木在维持生态平衡中的作用，重点阐述肯尼亚发现的特殊树木能将二氧化碳转化为碳酸钙以实现长期固碳的独特过程，同时提及当前研究面临的挑战，并指出该发现为利用自然方法应对气候变化提供了新思路。
32．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“These trees, als fund in several ther cuntries, have been bserved t transfrm CO2 int calcium xalate. Then bacteria (细菌) present in the trees and surrunding sil transfrm it further int calcium carbnate (碳酸钙), a primary cmpnent f limestne and chalk. The unique prcess ensures that the CO2 is kept in slid frm fr much lnger, even after the tree’s life ends.(这类树木在其他几个国家也有分布，研究观察到它们能将二氧化碳转化为草酸钙。随后，树木内部及周围土壤中的细菌会进一步将草酸钙转化为碳酸钙 —— 石灰岩和白垩的主要成分。这一独特过程确保二氧化碳以固态形式被长期封存，即便树木寿命终结也不会轻易释放)”可知，肯尼亚发现的树木特殊之处在于，它们能通过一系列过程将二氧化碳转化为草酸钙，进而转化为碳酸钙，使二氧化碳以固态形式长期封存。故选B。
33．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The primary cncern is determining the exact amunt f CO2 that these trees can transfrm thrughut their lifetime. Withut this accurate data, it is challenging t assess the full impact f this methd glbally.(首要问题是确定这类树木在其生命周期内可转化的二氧化碳精确量。若缺乏这一准确数据，将难以评估该方法在全球范围内的整体影响)”可知，在全球应用这一发现前，核心挑战是确定这类树木在生命周期内转化二氧化碳的精确量，即对二氧化碳转化量进行量化。故选C。
34．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“This discvery in Kenya invites us t recnsider the ptential f natural prcesses in addressing envirnmental challenges.(肯尼亚的这一发现，促使我们重新思考自然过程在应对环境挑战中的潜力)”以及最后一段“As we dig deeper int understanding natural phenmena like the Kenyan trees, we must ask urselves: Hw can we make the best f the pwer f nature t create a sustainable future fr generatins t cme?(当我们深入研究肯尼亚树木这类自然现象时，必须反问自己：如何充分利用自然的力量，为子孙后代创造一个可持续发展的未来？)”可知，作者在最后两段中，通过肯尼亚树木的发现，重点探讨了自然过程在应对气候变化、解决环境问题中的潜力与作用，强调应结合自然方法应对气候挑战。故选D。
35．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Hwever, the discvery f certain trees in Kenya adds a new dimensin t this natural prcess. These trees, als fund in several ther cuntries, have been bserved t transfrm CO2 int calcium xalate.(然而，在肯尼亚发现的一类特殊树木，为这一自然过程增添了新维度。这类树木在其他几个国家也有分布，研究观察到它们能将二氧化碳转化为草酸钙)”以及全文内容可知，全文围绕肯尼亚发现的特殊树木能将二氧化碳转化为固态碳酸钙长期封存展开，先对比传统树木固碳的不足，再介绍该类树木的独特固碳过程、当前研究挑战，最后强调其对利用自然应对气候变化的意义，核心主题是肯尼亚树木的天然固碳作用。选项C“Kenyan Trees: A Natural Carbn Lck(肯尼亚树木：天然的碳锁)”准确概括了全文内容，可以作为最佳标题。故选C。
考点三 Phenmenn--analysis--cnclusin类研究报告
理解“现象-分析-结论”（Phenmenn–Analysis–Cnclusin）类研究报告文章并有效做题，关键在于把握文章的结构逻辑、识别关键信息、理解各部分的功能及其相互关系。
【2025·全国I卷】D
Des yur sul die a little every time yu thrw away unused fd? Mine des. Maybe that feeling cmes frm grwing up in Suth Africa, where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was mre f an uncmfrtable reminder f fact than a prayer at dinner time.
Fd waste is a grwing cncern in the restaurant, supermarket, and supply chain industries. Frm technlgical slutins t educatinal campaigns, fd prducers and sellers are lking fr ways t use mre f what we’re already grwing. But last mnth, ne ppular New Yrk City restaurant tried a different way: It changed its menu t exclusively (专门) ffer fd that wuld therwise be thrwn away.
Fr tw weeks in March, Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and served items like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad. Each dish was tailr-made t raise awareness regarding fd waste.
A study by the Fd Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 punds f fd waste fr every $1,000 in revenue (收入), and f that waste nly 15.7% is dnated r recycled. Up t 84.3% is simply thrwn ut. Restaurants like Sil in the UK have experimented with zer-waste systems, but wastED tk the cncept t its lgical cnclusin.
It shuld be nted that nne f the items n wastED’s menu was technically made frm garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples f meat cuts and prduce that mst restaurants wuld never cnsider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish cllars, rejected sweet ptates, and cucumber butts were all re-apprpriated and, with the help f a number f gd chefs, turned int excellent cuisine.
Thugh wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed frm the start as a shrt-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned t its regular menu. Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways t address prblems f sustainability, and that yu can make an amazing meal ut f almst anything.
【文章结构分析】
12. What can be inferred abut the authr’s early life?
A. He witnessed fd shrtage.B. He enjyed the lcal cuisine.
C. He dnated fd t Africans.D. He helped t ck at hme.
【思维过程】
●题干关键词→What→be inferred→the authr’s early life
●文章定位：Maybe that feeling cmes frm grwing up in Suth Africa where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was mre f an uncmfrtable reminder f fact than a prayer at dinner time.
●解析思维过程→grwing up in Suth Africa（witnessed）→ children starving in Africa（fd shrtage）→mre f an uncmfrtable reminder→ A. He witnessed fd shrtage.
●故选A
13. Why did Blue Hill carry ut the experiment?
A. T custmize dishes fr guests.B. T make the public aware f fd waste.
C. T test a fd prcessing methd.D. T imprve the UK’s zer-waste systems.
【思维过程】
●题干关键词→Why→Blue Hill→carry ut the experiment
●文章定位：Each dish was tailr-made t raise awareness regarding fd waste.
●解析思维过程→make the public aware=raise awareness（同义表达）→ f fd waste=regarding fd waste（同义表达）→B. T make the public aware f fd waste.
●故选B
14. What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A. Why the ingredients were used.B. Which dishes were best liked.
C. What the dishes were made f.D. Where the ingredients were bught.
【思维过程】
●题干关键词→What→paragraph 5→mainly abut
●文章定位：It shuld be nted that nne f the items n wastED’s menu was technically made frm garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples f meat cuts and prduce that mst restaurants wuld never cnsider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish cllars, rejected sweet ptates, and cucumber butts were all re-apprpriated and, with the help f a number f gd chefs, turned int excellent cuisine.
●解析思维过程→Things like kale ribs, fish cllars, rejected sweet ptates, and cucumber butts were all re-apprpriated and, with the help f a number f gd chefs, turned int excellent cuisine→C. What the dishes were made f.
●故选C
15. What can we learn abut wastED?
A. It has ended as planned.B. It is creating new jbs.
C. It has regained ppularity.D. It is criticized by tp chefs.
【思维过程】
●题干关键词→What→learn abut→wastED
●文章定位：Thugh wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed frm the start as a shrt-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned t its regular menu.
●解析思维过程→ a shrt-lived experiment→returned t its regular menu→ ended→A. It has ended as planned.
●故选A
【答案】12. A 13. B 14. C 15. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了食物浪费问题，并以纽约一家餐厅的短期实验项目“wastED”为例，该餐厅通过创意改造本该被丢弃的食材制作菜品，以此提高人们对可持续饮食的关注。
12. A推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Maybe that feeling cmes frm grwing up in Suth Africa where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was mre f an uncmfrtable reminder f fact than a prayer at dinner time. (这种感觉或许源于在南非的成长经历 —— 在那里，“非洲还有孩子在挨饿” 这句话与其说是晚餐时的祈祷，不如说是对现实令人不安的提醒)” 可知，作者在南非长大，那里有孩子挨饿是事实，由此可推断作者早年目睹了食物短缺的情况。故选A。
13. B细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Each dish was tailr-made t raise awareness regarding fd waste. (每道菜都是量身定制的，以提高人们对食物浪费的认识)”可知，Blue Hill餐厅进行这个实验，将菜单改为只提供原本会被扔掉的食物，是为了提高公众对食物浪费的认识。故选B。
14. C主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“It shuld be nted that nne f the items n wastED’s menu was technically made frm garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples f meat cuts and prduce that mst restaurants wuld never cnsider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish cllars, rejected sweet ptates, and cucumber butts were all re-apprpriated and, with the help f a number f gd chefs, turned int excellent cuisine. (值得注意的是，从技术上讲，wastED的菜单上没有一项是由垃圾制成的。相反，所有使用的食材都是大多数餐馆永远不会考虑供应的肉类部位和农产品。羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等东西都被重新利用，在许多优秀厨师的助力下，变成了美味的菜肴)”可知，本段主要介绍了wastED菜单上的菜品所用的配料，如羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等，所以本段主要讲的是这些菜肴是由什么做成的。故选C。
15. A推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Thugh wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed frm the start as a shrt-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned t its regular menu. (尽管 wastED 餐厅收获了热烈的评价，但它从一开始就被设计为短期实验项目；此后，Blue Hill 餐厅已回归常规菜单)”可知，wastED从一开始就被设计为短期实验，现在餐厅已恢复常规菜单，从而推断，实验项目“wastED”已经按计划结束了。故选A。
（2026·黑龙江省龙东联盟高三上学期开学考试）Fr decades, scientists have identified chrnic lw-level inflammatin (炎症) — called “inflammaging” — as ne f the primary drivers f age-related diseases. Think f it as yur bdy’s immune system stuck in verdrive — cnstantly fighting battles that dn’t exist, gradually wearing dwn rgans and systems. But a new study challenges that idea and culd reshape hw we think abut aging itself.
The research, published in Nature Aging, cmpared patterns f inflammatin in fur very different cmmunities arund the wrld. Tw grups were frm mdern, industrialised scieties — lder adults living in Italy and Singapre. The ther tw were pristine cmmunities wh live mre traditinal lifestyles: the Tsimane peple f the Blivian Amazn and the Orang Asli in the frests f Malaysia.
The researchers analysed bld samples frm mre than 2,800 peple, lking at a wide range f inflammatry mlecules (分子), knwn as cytkines. Amng the Italian and Singaprean participants, the researchers fund a fairly cnsistent inflammaging pattern. As peple aged, levels f inflammatry markers in the bld rse tgether. Higher levels were linked t a greater risk f chrnic diseases including kidney disease and heart disease. But in the Tsimane and Orang Asli ppulatins, the inflammaging pattern was absent. The same inflammatry mlecules did nt rise cnsistently with age, and they were nt strngly linked t age-related diseases. In fact, amng the Tsimane, wh face high rates f micrrganism infectins, inflammatin levels were ften high. Yet this did nt lead t the same rates f chrnic diseases that are cmmn in industrialised natins.
These results raise imprtant questins. One pssibility is that inflammaging, at least as measured thrugh these bld signals, is nt a universal bilgical feature f aging. Instead, it may arise in scieties marked by high-calrie diets, lw physical activity and reduced expsure t infectins.
In ther wrds, chrnic inflammatin linked t aging and disease might nt simply result frm an inevitable bilgical prcess, but rather frm a mismatch between ur ancient physilgy and the mdern envirnment. If these findings are cnfirmed, they culd have sme significant cnsequences.
32．Hw is inflammaging related t aging in the established scientific view?
A．It attacks human rgans.B．It causes the inactivity f rgans.
C．It generates veractive immune respnse.D．It lwers the efficiency f immune system.
33．What des the wrd “pristine” in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．Unspiled.B．Unwelcming.C．Unsafe.D．Unlivable.
34．What has the study fund abut the Tsimane and Orang Asli peple?
A．They seldm develp chrnic diseases.
B．Their bld lacks inflammatry markers.
C．They rarely get expsed t surces f infectin.
D．Their inflammatin levels are independent f aging.
35．What des the new study suggest?
A．Inflammaging is a signal f aging.
B．Inflammaging is bilgically unavidable.
C．Repeated infectins hld back inflammaging.
D．Mdern lifestyle cntributes t inflammaging.
【答案】32．C 33．A 34．D 35．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项新的研究，指出炎症性衰老并不是一个不可避免的生理现象，而是与我们当代的生活方式息息相关。
32．细节理解题。根据第一段“Think f it as yur bdy’s immune system stuck in verdrive — cnstantly fighting battles that dn’t exist, gradually wearing dwn rgans and systems. (把它想象成你身体的免疫系统陷入了超速状态——不断地与不存在的战斗作斗争，逐渐消耗了器官和系统。)”可知，长期低水平炎症使得身体的免疫系统陷入过度激活状态，持续对抗不存在的敌人，逐渐消耗各个器官和系统。故选C。
33．词句猜测题。从第二段“Tw grups were frm mdern, industrialised scieties — lder adults living in Italy and Singapre. (其中两组来自现代工业化社会——生活在意大利和新加坡的老年人。)”和“wh live mre traditinal lifestyles: the Tsimane peple f the Blivian Amazn and the Orang Asli in the frests f Malaysia. (他们过着更传统的生活方式：玻利维亚亚马逊地区的Tsimane人和马来西亚森林里的Orang Asli人。)”可知，研究选取了现代工业化社会下的人群和原始社区过着传统生活方式的人群进行比较，pristine的意思是“未受损害的，处于原始状态的”，和unspiled意思相近。故选A。
34．细节理解题。根据第三段“But in the Tsimane and Orang Asli ppulatins, the inflammaging pattern was absent. The same inflammatry mlecules did nt rise cnsistently with age, and they were nt strngly linked t age-related diseases. (但在Tsimane人和Orang Asli人中，没有这种炎症模式。同样的炎症分子并没有随着年龄的增长而持续增加，它们与年龄相关的疾病也没有很强的联系。)”可知，这项研究发现Tsimane人和Orang Asli人的炎症水平与年龄无关。故选D。
35．推理判断题。根据第四段“One pssibility is that inflammaging, at least as measured thrugh these bld signals, is nt a universal bilgical feature f aging. Instead, it may arise in scieties marked by high-calrie diets, lw physical activity and reduced expsure t infectins. (一种可能性是，炎症，至少通过这些血液信号来衡量，并不是衰老的普遍生物学特征。相反，它可能出现在以高热量饮食、低体力活动和低感染风险为特征的社会。)”可知，新的研究表明现代生活方式会导致炎症。故选D。
（最新模拟试题演练）
1.（2026·浙江省Z20名校联盟高三上学期第一次联考）AI Radilgy: Faster, Smarter, and Mre Accurate
Hspital waiting time fr scan results culd sn be reduced frm days t minutes. A 2025 Stanfrd study reveals that DeepMedScan, an AI system analyzing CT/MRI images, detects tumrs 30% faster than human radilgists (放射科医生) while matching tp experts’ 98% accuracy. The system is nw used in 40+ EU hspitals, reducing diagnsis delays by up t 80%.
The breakthrugh lies in 3D neural mapping. Unlike traditinal AI recgnizing 2D patterns, DeepMedScan cnstructs dynamic 3D mdels f rgans: It crss-references scans with glbal databases — prcessing 200,000+ histrical cases in 0.2 secnds. “It’s like giving each radilgist a super-pwered secnd brain,” explains lead researcher Dr. Aris Thrne.
Critical advantages include identifying micr-lesins under 2 mm — ften missed by human eyes — and predicting disease prgressin. In German trials, the AI detected early-stage pancreatic cancer in 83% f high-risk patients a year befre symptms emerged, enabling life-saving interventins.
Challenges persist, hwever, Legal framewrks struggle with respnsibility fr AI misdiagnsis (ccurring in 0.7% f cases vs. human 1.2%). Inaccuracy risks als exist; early versins perfrmed prly n pediatric (小儿科的) scans due t limited child data. Regulatry authrities nw enfrce “human-AI c-diagnsis” — requiring dctr cnfirmatin fr critical cases.
Future upgrades fcus n accessibility. Lightweight versins fr rural clinics are being tested in India, using smartphne-cmpatible calculatin prcedure. As WHO advisr Dr. Priya Sharma ntes, “Making this tech widely accessible culd prevent 500,000+ annual late-stage cancer deaths glbally by 2030.”
32．Hw des the article present the issue in the first paragraph?
A．By quting an expert.B．By defining a cncept.
C．By prviding statistics.D．By presenting classificatins.
33．What des the authr highlight with super-pwered secnd brain?
A．Replacing radilgists with autmated systems.
B．Emphasizing its ultra-fast data prcessing capacity.
C．Demnstrating its superirity ver human intelligence.
D．Prmting cmmercial sales f medical equipment.
34．What des the authr intend t cnvey in paragraph 4?
A．The ptential f AI diagnsis.
B．The inaccuracy f AI diagnsis.
C．The dminance f authrities in AI diagnsis.
D．The necessity f human participatin in AI diagnsis.
35．What can be inferred abut AI radilgy’s future develpment?
A．It will replace dctrs.B．It can wrk with smart phnes.
C．It can reach peple in far-ff areas.D．It can avid late-stage cancer deaths cmpletely.
【答案】32．C 33．B 34．D 35．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了AI放射学更快、更智能且更精准，介绍了其优势、挑战及未来发展。
32．推理判断题。根据第一段中“A 2025 Stanfrd study reveals that DeepMedScan, an AI system analyzing CT/MRI images, detects tumrs 30% faster than human radilgists (放射科医生) while matching tp experts’ 98% accuracy.(2025年斯坦福大学的一项研究显示，分析CT/MRI图像的人工智能系统DeepMedScan检测肿瘤的速度比人类放射科医生快30%，同时准确率与顶级专家相当，达到98%)”可知，文章第一段通过提供统计数据来呈现问题。故选C。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段中“It crss-references scans with glbal databases — prcessing 200, 000+ histrical cases in 0.2 secnds. “It’s like giving each radilgist a super-pwered secnd brain,” explains lead researcher Dr. Aris Thrne.(它将扫描结果与全球数据库进行交叉参考——在0.2秒内处理20多万个历史病例。“这就像给每个放射科医生一个超级强大的第二大脑，”首席研究员阿里斯·索恩博士解释道)”可知，作者用“超级强大的第二大脑”强调其超快的数据处理能力。故选B。
34．主旨大意题。根据第四段中“Regulatry authrities nw enfrce “human-AI c-diagnsis” — requiring dctr cnfirmatin fr critical cases.(监管机构现在强制执行“人机共同诊断”——要求对危急病例进行医生确认)”可知，作者在第四段想传达的是人类参与AI诊断的必要性。故选D。
35．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Future upgrades fcus n accessibility. Lightweight versins fr rural clinics are being tested in India, using smartphne-cmpatible calculatin prcedure.(未来的升级重点是可及性。印度正在测试适用于农村诊所的轻量级版本，使用与智能手机兼容的计算程序)”可推知，AI放射学的未来发展可以覆盖偏远地区的人们。故选C。
2.（2026·湖北省高中名校联盟高三上学期第一次联合测评）The newest, httest pwer cuple desn’t live in Hllywd. It’s actually the marriage f slar panels and reservirs (水库): Knwn as flatvltaics, these devices n simple flats (浮体) generate pwer while shading the water belw.
The primary advantage f the technlgy is that n trees need t be cleared fr slar farms. As an added bnus, the water cls the panels, increasing their efficiency. Research shws that flatvltaics n just a small share f glbal lakes and reservirs culd meet nearly a third f the US’s annual electricity demand.
As flatvltaic systems expand, with the market expected t grw 23% annually frm 2025 t 2030, scientists are studying their impact n ecsystems. “We shuldn’t be expanding clean energy at the cst f bidiversity lss,” warns Elisa Stephens, a researcher at the University f Califrnia, Davis. “This is a great pprtunity t increase ur research and develp smart designs and better siting practices t have this happy marriage between a healthy, bidiverse ecsystem and renewable energy expansin.”
Mst flatvltaics are placed n reservirs. When paired with the existing water pwer plants, the panels can generate additinal daytime pwer. This cmbinatin can make up fr seasnal drps in water r sunlight, ensuring a mre stable yearly utput.
Thugh artificial, reservirs hst lts f water life that flatvltaics can interact with. Wuld this bring risks r benefits? “Our custmers have seen migrating (迁徙的) birds feeding and resting n the flats,” reprts Chris Bachman f a leading flatvltaics cmpany.
Eclgical cnsideratins get trickier where there are unfreseen knck-n effects. Experiments shw that shading frm panels can slw the grwth f algae that fish eat and als reduce harmful algae, affecting the fd chain. Flats can hide fish frm birds that hunt them but may als serve as safe habitats fr these birds. “We need t mnitr fr lng perids t understand the big picture,” says freshwater eclgist Simpsn Cards.
Scientists and cmpanies are discussing wider spacing between panels and aviding cnstructin during waterbirds’ sensitive perids, such as migratin and nesting. “There can definitely be that kind f eclgical balance,” says Stephens.
32．Hw des the authr intrduce flatvltaics?
A．By giving a technical definitin.B．By explaining hw they wrk.
C．By relating them t a married cuple.D．By describing a ppular mvie scene.
33．What is scientists’ majr cncern abut flatvltaics?
A．Their influence n ecsystems and bidiversity.B．Their seasnal changes in pwer utput.
C．Their high cst f cnstructin and maintenance.D．Their cmpetitin against traditinal slar farms.
34．Why des the authr qute Chris Bachman in paragraph 5?
A．T prvide evidence f custmer satisfactin.B．T shw a ptential benefit f flatvltaics.
C．T nte the cmplexity f eclgical interactins.D．T draw attentin t prtecting migrating birds.
35．What are scientists fcusing n?
A．Cnducting the applicatin f wider panels.B．Develping smarter designs and practices.
C．Prving the existence f eclgical balance.D．Aviding cnstructins n waterbird habitats.
【答案】32．C 33．A 34．B 35．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种将太阳能面板和水库结合的新兴技术——浮动光伏。但科学家也提醒应关注其对生态系统的潜在影响，以确保可再生能源的发展不会以破坏生物多样性为代价。
32．推理判断题。根据第一段“The newest, httest pwer cuple desn’t live in Hllywd. It’s actually the marriage f slar panels and reservirs (水库): Knwn as flatvltaics, these devices n simple flats (浮体) generate pwer while shading the water belw.(当下最炙手可热的“明星夫妻档”并非生活在好莱坞。实际上，它们是太阳能电池板与水库的结合体：这种被称为“浮式光伏”的装置安装在简单的浮体上，既能发电又能为下方的水域遮阳)”可知，作者通过将浮式光伏系统与一对已婚夫妇的情况进行关联介绍浮式光伏系统。故选C。
33．细节理解题。根据第三段“As flatvltaic systems expand, with the market expected t grw 23% annually frm 2025 t 2030, scientists are studying their impact n ecsystems. “We shuldn’t be expanding clean energy at the cst f bidiversity lss,” warns Elisa Stephens, a researcher at the University f Califrnia, Davis. “This is a great pprtunity t increase ur research and develp smart designs and better siting practices t have this happy marriage between a healthy, bidiverse ecsystem and renewable energy expansin.”(随着浮式光伏系统的不断推广，预计从 2025 年到 2030 年，该市场的年增长率将达到 23%。科学家们正在研究其对生态系统的潜在影响。加州大学戴维斯分校的研究员伊莉莎·斯蒂芬斯警告说：“我们不应以牺牲生物多样性为代价来扩大清洁能源的规模。”“这是一个绝佳的机会，让我们加大研究力度，开发智能设计和更合理的布局方式，以实现健康、多样化的生态系统与可再生能源扩张之间的和谐共生。”)”可知，生态平衡和生物多样性是主要关注点。故选A。
34．推理判断题。根据第五段“Thugh artificial, reservirs hst lts f water life that flatvltaics can interact with. Wuld this bring risks r benefits? “Our custmers have seen migrating (迁徙的) birds feeding and resting n the flats,” reprts Chris Bachman f a leading flatvltaics cmpany.(尽管人工建造，但水库中仍生活着大量水生生物，而浮式光伏系统能够与这些生物产生互动。这会带来风险还是带来好处呢？“我们的客户曾看到迁徙的鸟类在浮体上觅食和休息，”一家知名浮式光伏公司的克里斯·巴赫曼说道)”可知，作者在第五段中引用克里斯·巴赫曼的话是为了展示浮式光伏技术的潜在优势。故选B。
35．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Experiments shw that shading frm panels can slw the grwth f algae that fish eat and als reduce harmful algae, affecting the fd chain. Flats can hide fish frm birds that hunt them but may als serve as safe habitats fr these birds. “We need t mnitr fr lng perids t understand the big picture,” says freshwater eclgist Simpsn Cards.(实验表明，遮阳板提供的遮荫能减缓鱼类所食用的藻类的生长速度，还能减少有害藻类的滋生，从而影响食物链。浮标可以保护鱼类免受捕食鸟类的攻击，但同时也可能成为这些鸟类的安全栖息地。淡水生态学家辛普森·卡多索表示：“我们需要进行长期监测，以了解整体情况。”)”以及最后一段“Scientists and cmpanies are discussing wider spacing between panels and aviding cnstructin during waterbirds’ sensitive perids, such as migratin and nesting. “There can definitely be that kind f eclgical balance,” says Stephens.(科学家和相关企业正在探讨将太阳能板之间的间距加大，并避免在水鸟的敏感时期（如迁徙和筑巢期）进行施工。斯蒂芬斯表示：“肯定能够实现这种生态平衡。”)”可知，科学家们正在关注开发更智能的设计与方法。故选B。
3.（2026·湖北省武汉市九师联盟高三上学期8月开学）Jade Benjamin-Chung, an assistant prfessr at the Stanfrd Schl f Medicine, wrked with her cwrkers t analyze the impact f hygiene (卫生) interventins n health utcmes in middle — and lw-incme Bangladeshi husehlds. They fund many cmmn strategies used t prtect children frm disease weren’t as effective as expected. Feeling curius, Benjamin-Chung and her cwrkers identified a ptential reasn.
Arund 70% f rural hmes in Bangladesh have sil-packed flrs. As yung kids eat and play n the flr, they ften absrb tiny sil-based parasites (寄生虫) that spread disease. S they thught abut the cncrete flrs, which culd create a space easier t clean and reduce pathgen (病原体) spread.
Benjamin-Chung mentined their idea t Sarah Billingtn, an expert n cncrete and building materials frm the Stanfrd Derr Schl f Sustainability. When Billingtn heard the team’s idea f bradly replacing sil-packed flrs with cncrete, she wrried the apprach culd have unintended cnsequences fr the climate due t heavy carbn emissins (排放) frm cncrete prductin.
S Billingtn invited ther Stanfrd experts int the fld t understand why cncrete was effective in reducing pathgen spread and design lw-emissin cncrete alternatives that kept thse helpful prperties. They wanted t develp a mix using materials that’ re easily fund in cuntries like Bangladesh. Finally, ne pssible material was recycled fly ash, a byprduct f burning cal. The cncrete mix was affrdable, durable and prduced fewer emissins. Then they did an experiment where they hardened cncrete test tiles (砖) made with alternative “green” cncrete and then sme pathgens were put int the tiles t measure hw well they survived n the surface.
The team’s findings suggest the pathgens have similar rates f survival n traditinal cncrete mix tiles and “green” alternative fly ash tiles. “This prject culd be a mdel fr hw t imprve public health with sustainability baked in at the beginning,” said Benjamin-Chung.
32．What did Benjamin-Chung and her cwrkers fcus n initially?
A．The bad influences f cncrete.B．Disease spread in the neighbrhd.
C．Hygiene practices in specific families.D．Recycling methds f fly ash.
33．What made Billingtn invite ther experts in?
A．Her lack f knwledge f pllutin.B．Her wrries abut health utcmes.
C．Her struggle with pathgen resistance.D．Her cncern abut climate impacts.
34．What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A．The alternative is effective at reducing disease spread.
B．Traditinal cncrete des mre harm t peple’s health.
C．The study helps reduce the cst f healthcare in Bangladesh.
D．The study ffers gd educatinal resurces t medical schls.
35．What culd be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Strategies fr Bangladeshi Public HealthB．Sustainable Cncrete fr Healthier Hmes
C．Hygiene Interventins in Lw-incme HmesD．Pathgens Spread thrugh Building Materials
【答案】32．C 33．D 34．A 35．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新型的环保建筑材料——低碳混合水泥板块。
32．细节理解题。根据第一段“Jade Benjamin-Chung, an assistant prfessr at the Stanfrd Schl f Medicine, wrked with her cwrkers t analyze the impact f hygiene (卫生) interventins n health utcmes in middle — and lw-incme Bangladeshi husehlds.(斯坦福大学医学院助理教授Jade Benjamin-Chung与她的同事一起分析了卫生干预措施对孟加拉国中低收入家庭健康状况的影响)”可知，Benjamin-Chung和她同事最初的研究重心是孟加拉国中低收入家庭的卫生习惯。故选C。
33．细节理解题。根据第三段“When Billingtn heard the team’s idea f bradly replacing sil-packed flrs with cncrete, she wrried the apprach culd have unintended cnsequences fr the climate due t heavy carbn emissins (排放) frm cncrete prductin.(当Billingtn听到该团队的想法是用混凝土广泛取代土壤填充的地板时，她担心这种方法可能会对气候产生意想不到的后果，因为混凝土生产会产生大量的碳排放)”和第四段“S Billingtn invited ther Stanfrd experts int the fld t understand why cncrete was effective in reducing pathgen spread and design lw-emissin cncrete alternatives that kept thse helpful prperties.(因此，Billingtn邀请了斯坦福大学的其他专家来了解为什么混凝土能有效地减少病原体的传播，并设计出低排放的混凝土替代品，以保持这些有益的特性)”可知，Billingtn担心使用混凝土会对气候带来影响，故邀请了其他专家参与进来。故选D。
34．推理判断题。根据第五段“The team’s findings suggest the pathgens have similar rates f survival n traditinal cncrete mix tiles and “green” alternative fly ash tiles.(研究小组的发现表明，在传统的混凝土混合瓦和“绿色”替代粉煤灰瓦上，病原体的存活率相似)”可推断，新型的水泥混合板在减少疾病传播方面一样有效。故选A。
35．主旨大意题。根据第二段“S they thught abut the cncrete flrs, which culd create a space easier t clean and reduce pathgen (病原体) spread.(所以他们想到了混凝土地板，这样可以创造一个更容易清洁的空间，减少病原体的传播)”以及本文主要介绍的是与世界上一些农村地区常见的泥土地面不同，混凝土地面可减少携带疾病的病原体——但它们的成本很高，且对环境有害。一种低碳混合板块可以提供解决这一问题。故B项“可持续混凝土打造更健康的家园”适合作本文标题。故选B。
4.（2026·湘豫名校高三上学期入学摸底）The gravitatinal pull f Mars may be strng enugh t stir (搅动) up Earth’s cean, shifting its sediment (沉淀物) as part f a 2.4-millin-year climate cycle, researchers claim.
It has lng been accepted that shifts in Earth’s rbit arund the sun influence the planet's climate, with these Milankvitch cycles perating n perids measured in thusands f years. Nw, Adriana Dutkiewicz at the University f Sydney and her teammates say they have fund a 2.4-millin-year “Grand Cycle”, which they believe is driven by Mars and has had dramatic impacts n currents in Earth’s ceans fr at least 40 millin years.
The evidence fr this cycle cmes frm almst 300 deep-sea drill cres that reveal unexpected variatin in the cean sediment. During perids f stable cean currents, ceangraphers expect sediment t settle in steady layers, but unusual currents can see it stred elsewhere.
Accrding t the team, absences r interruptins in the sediment recrd line up with times when Mars’s gravity puts maximum frce n Earth, impacting ur planet’s rbital stability. This changes slar radiatin levels and climate, resulting in strnger currents in the ceans.
Team member Dietmar Müller, als at the University f Sydney, acknwledges that the distance between Earth and Mars is s vast that it is hard t imagine any significant gravitatinal frce being prduced. “But there are s many feedbacks that can reflect changes,” he says. “Mars’s impact n Earth’s climate is similar t a butterfly effect.”
Benjamin Mills at the University f Leeds, UK, says the drill cres prvide mre evidence fr the existence f glbal envirnmental change.
“Many f us have seen these multi-millin-year cycles in varius different gelgical, gechemical and bilgical recrds — including during the famus explsin f animal life in the Cambrian Perid,” he says. “This paper helps cnfirm these ideas as key parts f envirnmental change.”
12．What evidence supprts the 2.4-millin-year cycle?
A．Changes in Earth’s rbit.
B．Variatin in cean sediment.
C．Recrds f slar radiatin.
D．Impact n Earth’s gravity.
13．What can we infer abut Mars’s gravity?
A．It directly cntrls Earth’s climate.
B．It has n influence n Earth’s rbit.
C．It slightly weakens Earth’s cean currents.
D．Its effect n Earth is indirect but significant.
14．What is Dietmar Müller’s attitude twards the research?
A．Dubtful.B．Supprtive.C．Negative.D．Uncaring.
15．Why des Benjamin Mills mentin the Cambrian Perid?
A．T questin the new finding.
B．T intrduce a new thery.
C．T shw the cycle’s lng histry.
D．T explain the butterfly effect.
【答案】12．B 13．D 14．B 15．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了悉尼大学的研究人员发现火星引力可能对地球海洋环流和气候产生影响的240万年周期，并讨论了相关证据和科学界的看法。
12．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The evidence fr this cycle cmes frm almst 300 deep-sea drill cres that reveal unexpected variatin in the cean sediment.(这一周期的证据来自近300个深海钻探岩心，这些岩心揭示了海洋沉积物中意想不到的变化)”可知，这一周期的证据来自近300个深海钻探岩心揭示的海洋沉积物变化。故选B项。
13．推理判断题。根据第五段“Team member Dietmar Müller, als at the University f Sydney, acknwledges that the distance between Earth and Mars is s vast that it is hard t imagine any significant gravitatinal frce being prduced. “But there are s many feedbacks that can reflect changes,” he says. “Mars’s impact n Earth’s climate is similar t a butterfly effect.”(同样来自悉尼大学的团队成员Dietmar Müller承认，地球和火星之间的距离非常遥远，很难想象会产生任何重大的引力。“但是有太多的反馈可以反映变化，”他说。“火星对地球气候的影响类似于蝴蝶效应。”)”可知，火星和地球之间的距离非常遥远，其引力对地球的直接影响微乎其微，但这种影响通过复杂的反馈机制间接地显著改变了地球的气候。故选D项。
14．推理判断题。根据第五段中Dietmar Müller的话“But there are s many feedbacks that can reflect changes(但是有太多的反馈可以反映变化)”以及“Mars’s impact n Earth’s climate is similar t a butterfly effect.(火星对地球气候的影响类似于蝴蝶效应)”可知，Dietmar Müller认为火星引力对地球气候的影响虽然微小，但通过复杂的反馈机制可能会产生显著效果，说明他对这项研究持支持态度。故选B项。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Many f us have seen these multi-millin-year cycles in varius different gelgical, gechemical and bilgical recrds — including during the famus explsin f animal life in the Cambrian Perid(我们许多人在各种不同的地质、地球化学和生物记录中都看到了这些数百万年的周期——包括寒武纪动物生命大爆发的著名时期)”可知，Benjamin Mills提到寒武纪是为了说明这种周期在地球历史中长期存在，从而支持该周期的古老性和普遍性。故选C项。
5.（2026·辽宁名校联盟高三上学期8月联考）Chinese scientists have made a significant breakthrugh in prducing hydrgen frm water using light. They added scandium (钪) t titanium dixide (二氧化钛, TiO₂) t create a new TiO₂ structure. This innvatin increases hydrgen prductin efficiency 15 times under sunlight cmpared t previus TiO₂ materials.
The new perfrmance f phtcatalys, which is a chemical reactin that is accelerated by the absrptin f light by a catalyst (催化剂) is due t 5% scandium dping. This creates TiO₂ particles with tw crystal facets (面): {101} and {110}. The {101} facet cllects electrns, while the {110} facet receives hles. This arrangement prduces a strng electric field within the TiO₂ particles, enhancing charge transprt efficiency. As a result, the phtinduced (光诱导的) charge separatin efficiency has imprved ver 200 times, and the quantum efficiency fr ultravilet light at 360 nm has exceeded 30%.
Cmpared t traditinal slar hydrgen prductin methds like phtvltaic-pwered electrlysis, this new apprach is simpler and mre cst-effective. Traditinal methds require cmplex and expensive equipment, while TiO₂-based phtcatalysts ffer a mre straightfrward alternative. Hwever, TiO₂ has a prblem: phtexcited electrns and hles reunite quickly, reducing efficiency. The scandium-dped TiO₂ slves this prblem in tw ways:
1. Eliminating Charge Traps: Sc³⁺ ins fit well int the TiO₂ structure withut causing distrtin. Their stable +3 charge neutralizes the imbalance caused by xygen vacancies, reducing electrn-hle recmbinatin.
2. Recnstructing the Crystal Surface: Scandium atms rearrange the crystal surface t frm specific facets, giving electrns and hles mre time and space t participate in reactins.
If made int a 100 m² phtcatalytic panel, this material culd generate enugh hydrgen in ne day t pwer a hydrgen fuel cell vehicle t travel abut 68 kilmeters. China has the wrld’s largest TiO₂ prductin capacity and significant scandium reserves, s this discvery culd facilitate the large-scale industrial applicatin f phtcatalytic water splitting technlgy. It ffers a prmising way fr mre efficient and ecnmical hydrgen prductin, which is crucial fr transitining t sustainable and carbn-neutral energy systems.
This advancement highlights the ptential f rare-earth elements in imprving phtcatalytic materials. As the wrld seeks ways t reduce carbn emissins and cmbat climate change, this scandium-dped TiO₂ phtcatalyst prvides hpe. It culd accelerate the adptin f hydrgen as a clean energy carrier and supprt the develpment f hydrgen-pwered technlgies acrss varius industries.
In summary, this new scandium-dped TiO₂ phtcatalyst is a majr step frward in renewable energy. Its impressive perfrmance and ptential fr widespread applicatin bring us clser t a future where clean, sustainable hydrgen energy is bth abundant and ecnmically feasible. This breakthrugh is expected t inspire further research and innvatin in the design f advanced phtcatalytic materials, driving the wrld clser t a carbn-neutral and sustainable energy future.
12．What fundamental innvatin enables the dramatic imprvement in hydrgen prductin efficiency?
A．Substituting rare-earth elements fr traditinal catalysts.
B．Optimizing catalyst structure thrugh elemental integratin.
C．Develping ultra-thin semicnductr membrane layers.
D．Implementing multi-stage phtvltaic cnversin systems.
13．Which dual mechanism addresses the rapid recmbinatin f electrns and hles?
A．Neutralizing inic imbalances and restructuring reactive pathways.
B．Enhancing phtn absrptin and extending wavelength ranges.
C．Intrducing magnetic fields and cling thermal byprducts.
D．Islating xygen mlecules and pressurizing reactin chambers.
14．Cnsidering China’s industrial cntext, which factr wuld mst critically determine the scalability f this technlgy?
A．Glbal market demand fr hydrgen vehicles.
B．Availability f specialized manufacturing equipment.
C．Dmestic mineral resurce distributin patterns.
D．Internatinal carbn emissin regulatins.
15．A renewable energy startup plans t pilt this technlgy. Which implementatin challenge aligns with the statement “phtexcited electrns and hles reunite quickly” (para. 3)?
A．Maintaining stable light intensity acrss large surface areas.
B．Preventing premature energy lss during charge migratin.
C．Scaling up ultravilet light filtratin systems.
D．Balancing prductin csts with catalyst durability.
【答案】12．B 13．A 14．C 15．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国科学家用掺钪的二氧化钛光催化剂从水中制氢的突破，该方法高效且成本低，有望推动氢能产业发展。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段中“They added scandium (钪) t titanium dixide (二氧化钛, TiO₂) t create a new TiO₂ structure. This innvatin increases hydrgen prductin efficiency 15 times under sunlight cmpared t previus TiO₂ materials.(他们在二氧化钛 (TiO₂)中加入钪，创造了一种新的二氧化钛结构。与之前的二氧化钛材料相比，这一创新使阳光下的制氢效率提高了15倍)”可知，通过元素融合优化催化剂结构，使得制氢效率大幅提高。故选B项。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段中“1. Eliminating Charge Traps: Sc³⁺ ins fit well int the TiO₂ structure withut causing distrtin. Their stable +3 charge neutralizes the imbalance caused by xygen vacancies, reducing electrn hle recmbinatin.(1. 消除电荷陷阱：Sc³⁺离子能很好地融入二氧化钛结构而不造成扭曲。它们稳定的 +3 价电荷中和了氧空位造成的不平衡，减少了电子-空穴复合)”和“2. Recnstructing the Crystal Surface: Scandium atms rearrange the crystal surface t frm specific facets, giving electrns and hles mre time and space t participate in reactins.(2. 重构晶体表面：钪原子重新排列晶体表面形成特定的晶面，给电子-空穴更多的时间和空间参与反应)”可知，解决电子-空穴快速复合的双机制是中和离子不平衡和重构反应途径。故选A项。
14．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“China has the wrld’s largest TiO₂ prductin capacity and significant scandium reserves, s this discvery culd facilitate the large scale industrial applicatin f phtcatalytic water splitting technlgy.(中国拥有世界上最大的二氧化钛生产能力和大量的钪储量，因此这一发现有助于光催化水分解技术的大规模工业应用)”可知，国内矿产资源的分布模式会对该技术的可扩展性起关键作用。故选C项。
15．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Hwever, TiO₂ has a prblem: phtexcited electrns and hles reunite quickly, reducing efficiency.(然而，二氧化钛有一个问题：光激发的电子-空穴很快重新结合，降低了效率)”和“1. Eliminating Charge Traps: Sc³⁺ ins fit well int the TiO₂ structure withut causing distrtin. Their stable +3 charge neutralizes the imbalance caused by xygen vacancies, reducing electrn hle recmbinatin.(1. 消除电荷陷阱：Sc³⁺离子能很好地融入二氧化钛结构而不造成扭曲。它们稳定的 +3 价电荷中和了氧空位造成的不平衡，减少了电子-空穴复合)”可知电子-空穴快速复合导致能量损失，可再生能源初创公司在试点这项技术时，“防止电荷迁移过程中的过早能量损失”这一挑战与“光激发的电子-空穴很快重新结合”相契合。故选B项。
6.（2026·湖南省长沙市湖南师范大学附属中学高三上学期8月月考）Writing and editing wrking messages with tls like ChatGPT r Gemini has becme a cmmnplace practice. While generative AI tls are seen t make writing easier, are they effective fr cmmunicating between managers and emplyees?
“We see a tensin between perceptins f message quality and perceptins f the sender,” said Anthny Cman, a researcher at the University f Flrida. “Despite psitive impressins f prfessinalism in AI-assisted writing, managers wh use AI fr rutine cmmunicatin tasks put their trustwrthiness at risk when using medium-t -high-levels f AI assistance.” In this study, Cman and his c-authr, Peter Cardn, surveyed prfessinals abut hw they viewed emails that they were tld were written with lw, medium and high AI assistance. Survey participants were asked t evaluate different AI-written versins f a cngratulatry message n bth their perceptin f the message cntent and their perceptin f the sender.
While AI-assisted writing was generally seen as efficient, effective, and prfessinal, the impact n trust was substantial: Only 40% t 52% f emplyees viewed supervisrs as sincere when they used high levels f AI, cmpared t 83% fr lw-assistance messages. Similarly, while 95% fund lw-AI supervisr messages prfessinal, this drpped t 69%-73% when supervisrs relied heavily n AI tls.
The findings reveal emplyees can ften detect AI-generated cntent and interpret its use as lack f caring. When supervisrs rely heavily n AI fr messages like team cngratulatins, emplyees perceive them as less sincere and questin their leadership abilities. “In sme cases, AI-assisted writing can undermine perceptins f traits linked t a supervisr’s trustwrthiness,” Cman nted.
The study suggests managers shuld carefully cnsider message types, level f AI assistance and relatinal cntext befre using AI in their writing. While AI may be apprpriately received fr infrmatinal r rutine cmmunicatins, like meeting reminders, relatinship-riented messages requiring empathy, praise r persnal feedback are better handled with minimal technlgical interventin.
12．What is the fcus f Cman’s research?
A．The technical cmplexity f generative AI tls.
B．The AI-written message quality and credibility cnflict.
C．The cntrversy ver AI’s rle in emplyee mtivatin.
D．The rapid decline f human writing skills in wrkplaces.
13．Why d emplyees distrust the high-AI messages?
A．The messages tend t be less infrmative.
B．Emplyees feel AI lacks emtinal intelligence.
C．There are uncntrllable technical errrs in the messages.
D．Emplyees spt supervisrs’ inattentin frm the messages.
14．What practical guideline des the research suggest?
A．Prhibit AI in all wrking cmmunicatins.
B．Match AI usage t message types and cntext.
C．Priritize AI fr relatinship-riented messages.
D．Train emplyees t accept AI-generated cntent.
15．What is the authr’s attitude tward AI-assisted writing in the wrkplace?
A．Cautius.B．Suspicius.C．Oppsed.D．Apprving.
【答案】12．B 13．D 14．B 15．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是管理者在工作沟通中使用生成式人工智能工具（如ChatGPT或Gemini）撰写和编辑信息时，对员工信任度及领导力感知的影响。
12．推理判断题。根据第二段“Despite psitive impressins f prfessinalism in AI-assisted writing, managers wh use AI fr rutine cmmunicatin tasks put their trustwrthiness at risk when using medium-t high-levels f AI assistance.(尽管人们对人工智能辅助写作的专业性印象良好，但当管理者在常规沟通任务中使用中高程度的人工智能辅助时，他们的可信度就会面临风险。)”和第三段“While AI-assisted writing was generally seen as efficient, effective, and prfessinal, the impact n trust was substantial(尽管人工智能辅助写作总体上被视为高效、有效且专业，但它对信任度的影响却很大)”可知，Cman的研究重点是人工智能撰写的信息质量与可信度冲突。故选B。
13．细节理解题。根据第四段“The findings reveal emplyees can ften detect AI-generated cntent and interpret its use as lack f caring.(研究结果显示，员工往往能察觉出人工智能生成的内容，并将其解读为上级缺乏关怀。)”可知，员工不信任高度依赖人工智能的信息是因为员工从信息中察觉到上级的不重视。故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The study suggests managers shuld carefully cnsider message types, level f AI assistance and relatinal cntext befre using AI in their writing. While AI may be apprpriately received fr infrmatinal r rutine cmmunicatins, like meeting reminders, relatinship-riented messages requiring empathy, praise r persnal feedback are better handled with minimal technlgical interventin.(该研究表明，管理者在使用人工智能撰写信息前，应仔细考虑信息类型、人工智能辅助程度以及关系背景。虽然人工智能在信息性或常规沟通（如会议提醒）中可能更容易被接受，但需要同理心、表扬或个人反馈的关系导向型信息，最好尽量减少技术干预。)”可知，该研究提出了的实用建议是根据信息类型和场景匹配人工智能使用。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The study suggests managers shuld carefully cnsider message types, level f AI assistance and relatinal cntext befre using AI in their writing. While AI may be apprpriately received fr infrmatinal r rutine cmmunicatins, like meeting reminders, relatinship-riented messages requiring empathy, praise r persnal feedback are better handled with minimal technlgical interventin.(该研究表明，管理者在使用人工智能撰写信息前，应仔细考虑信息类型、人工智能辅助程度以及关系背景。虽然人工智能在信息性或常规沟通（如会议提醒）中可能更容易被接受，但需要同理心、表扬或个人反馈的关系导向型信息，最好尽量减少技术干预。)”可知，作者对人工智能辅助写作在工作场所的态度是谨慎的，故选A。
7.（2026·湖南省长沙市麓山国际实验学校高三上学期入学考试）The ability t detect a nearby presence withut seeing r tuching it may sund fantastical — but it’s a real ability that sme creatures have. A family f African fish knwn as Mrmyrids are weakly electric, and have special rgans that can lcate a nearby target, even when it’s hiding in the mud. Scientists have nw develped an artificial sensr system mdelled n the ability f these fish.
“We develped a new strategy fr 3D mtin psitining by electrnic skin, bi-inspired by ‘electric fish’,” says Dr. Xinge Yu, an assciate prfessr in the Department f Bimedical Engineering at the City University f Hng Kng. The team described their e-skin sensr in a paper published n Nvember 14 in Nature.
The artificial sensr is multi-layered. One layer acts as a transmitter (发射器), which will generate an electric field nce activated, and anther layer acts as a receiver t detect bth the directin and the distance t an bject. A separate cntrller creates the driving signal t activate the transmitter. When an bject cmes within range, the electric field arund the sensr is disrupted (扰乱), which in turn can be detected by the receiver. This data is then prcessed by a micrcntrller unit, which cmputes the psitin f the target bject and sends that infrmatin t a smartphne r ther devices.
A special bigel (生物凝胶) is used in the sensr, which has the ability t transmit and receive electric signals frm a pattern f micrchannels n the surface. The end result is a sensr that is thin, sft and flexible, making it csy t adapt t irregular surfaces, such as the human bdy. In cntrast t the traditinal sensr system that needs a large number f sensrs t achieve spatial psitining, the new system can lcate an bject precisely in 3D space using just a few sensrs. This significantly reduces the pwer cnsumptin f data cllectin, transmissin, and prcessing.
The researchers hpe that this sensr culd ne day pen up a new range f wearable technlgies, including sensrs fr human-machine interactin and thin, flexible e-skin.
12．The first paragraph aims t shw __________.
A．the special ability f African fish
B．the inspiratin fr a new inventin
C．the big challenge f lcating bjects
D．the reasn fr develping a sensr
13．What is the crrect rder f the system’s wrking prcedures?
a. The transmitter creates an electric field.
b. A unit cmputes the psitin f the target.
c. The cntrller sends the activating signal.
d. The receiver detects the change f electric signals.
e. The electric field is disrupted by an appraching bject.
A．c-a-e-d-b.B．c-a-d-e-b.
C．a-c-e-d-b.D．a-e-c-d-b.
14．What is an advantage f the new sensr system?
A．Its sensitivity t different stimulatins.
B．Its adaptatin t envirnmental changes.
C．Its efficiency in achieving 3D psitining.
D．Its speed in data cllectin and prcessing.
15．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Machine Detective “Wears” Flexible E-skin
B．Bi-inspired Sensr “Feels” Withut Tuching
C．E-Skin Sensr: The Future f Machine Learning
D．Electric Fields: The Frntier f Object Detectin
【答案】12．B 13．A 14．C 15．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了一种仿生传感器，灵感来自一种鱼类，无需触摸即可感知物体的位置。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段中“A family f African fish knwn as Mrmyrids are weakly electric, and have special rgans that can lcate a nearby target, even when it’s hiding in the mud. Scientists have nw develped an artificial sensr system mdelled n the ability f these fish. (一种被称为电鱼的非洲鱼类是弱电性的，有特殊的器官可以定位附近的目标，即使它躲在泥里。科学家们现在已经开发出一种以这些鱼的能力为模型的人工传感器系统)”可知，第一段主要介绍了一种鱼类，有特殊的器官可以定位附近的目标，受此启发，科学家们开发出一种以这些鱼的能力为模型的人工传感器系统，由此可知，第一段旨在介绍一个新发明的灵感。故选B项。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段内容“The artificial sensr is multi-layered. One layer acts as a transmitter (发射器), which will generate an electric field nce activated, and anther layer acts as a receiver t detect bth the directin and the distance t an bject. A separate cntrller creates the driving signal t activate the transmitter. When an bject cmes within range, the electric field arund the sensr is disrupted (扰乱), which in turn can be detected by the receiver. This data is then prcessed by a micrcntrller unit, which cmputes the psitin f the target bject and sends that infrmatin t a smartphne r ther devices. (人工传感器是多层的。一层充当发射器，一旦激活就会产生电场，另一层充当接收器，检测物体的方向和距离。一个单独的控制器产生驱动信号来激活发射器。当物体进入范围内时，传感器周围的电场会被扰乱，这反过来又可以被接收器检测到。然后，微控制器单元处理这些数据，计算目标物体的位置，并将该信息发送到智能手机或其他设备)”可知，工作过程是控制器发送激活信号，发射器产生电场，电场被接近的物体扰乱，接收器检测电信号的变化，一个微控制器单元计算目标的位置，结合选项可知，系统工作程序的正确顺序是“c-a-e-d-b”。故选A项。
14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“In cntrast t the traditinal sensr system that needs a large number f sensrs t achieve spatial psitining, the new system can lcate an bject precisely in 3D space using just a few sensrs. This significantly reduces the pwer cnsumptin f data cllectin, transmissin, and prcessing. (与需要大量传感器来实现空间定位的传统传感器系统相比，新系统可以使用几个传感器在3D空间中精确定位物体。这大大降低了数据收集、传输和处理的功耗)”可知，新传感器系统在实现3D定位方面的效率更高，大大降低了数据收集、传输和处理的功耗，由此可知，新传感器系统的优点是它在实现3D定位方面的效率更高。故选C项。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“A family f African fish knwn as Mrmyrids are weakly electric, and have special rgans that can lcate a nearby target, even when it’s hiding in the mud. Scientists have nw develped an artificial sensr system mdelled n the ability f these fish. (一种被称为电鱼的非洲鱼类是弱电性的，有特殊的器官可以定位附近的目标，即使它躲在泥里。科学家们现在已经开发出一种以这些鱼的能力为模型的人工传感器系统)”可知，文章主要介绍了受生物启发开发的一种新型传感器，该传感器能够通过电场感知物体而无需接触，具备灵活、高效的特点。B选项“Bi-inspired Sensr “Feels” Withut Tuching(受生物启发的传感器“无需接触即可感知”)”准确概括了文章的核心内容。故选B项。
1.（2026·湖北省孝感高级中学高三上学期8月测试）Peple have been using OpenAI’s GPT-4 t generate Ghibli-style illustratins, landscapes, prtraits and even events frm histry and current affairs. While it may seem entertaining, it culd be a key test fr (版权) 。
Unlike with sme previus AI cntrversies, the cmpany is nt prmising t add new cntrls t stp its generatr frm ripping ff (窃取) an artistic style r t stp peple frm using cntrversial subjects. OpenAI CEO Sam Altman’s nly cncern seems t be the stress it’s putting n the cmpany’s GPUs as the number f weekly active users rse by 11%. “It’s super fun seeing peple lve images in ChatGPT... But ur GPUs are melting,” he wrte.
Like sme ther cmpanies, OpenAI applied restrictins in previus versins f its AI image generatrs t prevent imitatins f the styles f living artists r the prtraits f real peple. but GPT-4’s ability t clearly imitate the Ghibli style wuld appear t suggest OpenAI has cast such measures aside.
In a technical paper, OpenAI claims that it’s still taking a “cnservative apprach” t image rights by including a refusal that activates “when a user attempts t generate an image in the style f a living artist”. But it seems it’s nw nly applying that t individual artists, nt studis. S while GPT-4 shuld, in thery, refuse t generate an image if the prmpt (提示词) asks fr the style f Hiya Mayazaki, it will accept a prmpt that asks fr the style f Studi Ghibli.
The change is curius given that cmpanies can als wn , and they’re mre likely t have the resurces t be able t take legal actin. It may be that OpenAI believes that it wuld be mre difficult fr a studi t prve wnership ver a style. Legal experts argue that a “style” cannt be cpyrighted, s the questin is whether GPT-4 images use elements f existing wrks f art.
OpenAI nw has license arrangements with sme cmpanies t allw it t use their cntent t train its AI mdels. There has been n statement frm either OpenAI r Studi Ghibli abut whether this is the case.
12．What is Sam Altman’s wrry abut GPT-4?
A．Its impact n issues.B．Its GPU pressure frm user grwth.
C．Its inability t cntrl the art imitatin.D．Its failure t blck cntrversial tpics.
13．What restrictin des GPT-4 apply t images?
A．It frbids cpying studi styles.B．It bans imitating specific living artists.
C．It limits the number f images per day.D．It prevents the artwrks f real peple.
14．Why is GPT-4’s generatin f Ghibli-style images allwed?
A．Studi Ghibli can hardly prve its .
B．OpenAI has agreements with Studi Ghibli.
C．Ghibli-style images bst user engagement.
D．Studi Ghibli desn’t take any legal actin.
15．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．GPT-4 raises art issues.
B．OpenAI faces tech challenges with GPT-4.
C．OpenAI remves all restrictins n AI imagery.
D．AI-generated art is dminating the artistic wrld.
【答案】12．B 13．B 14．A 15．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人们用OpenAI的GPT-4生成吉卜力风格的插图等，这引发了版权问题，还介绍了OpenAI相关限制及GPT-4能生成吉卜力风格图像的原因。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段中“OpenAI CEO Sam Altman’s nly cncern seems t be the stress it’s putting n the cmpany’s GPUs as the number f weekly active users rse by 11%. ‘It’s super fun seeing peple lve images in ChatGPT... But ur GPUs are melting,’ he wrte.(OpenAI首席执行官Sam Altman唯一担心的似乎是随着每周活跃用户数量增长了11%，它给公司的GPU带来的压力。他写道：“看到人们喜欢ChatGPT里的图片真是太有趣了……但我们的GPU要不堪重负了。”)”可知，Sam Altman担心的是GPT-4因用户增长带来的GPU压力。故选B项。
13．细节理解题。根据第四段中“In a technical paper, OpenAI claims that it’s still taking a ‘cnservative apprach’ t image rights by including a refusal that activates ‘when a user attempts t generate an image in the style f a living artist’.(在一篇技术论文中，OpenAI声称，它仍然对图像版权采取“保守的方法”，即当用户试图生成一位在世艺术家风格的图像时，系统会拒绝)”可知，GPT-4对图像的限制是禁止模仿特定在世艺术家。故选B项。
14．细节理解题。根据第五段中“It may be that OpenAI believes that it wuld be mre difficult fr a studi t prve wnership ver a style.(可能是OpenAI认为工作室更难证明对一种风格拥有所有权)”可知，GPT-4被允许生成吉卜力风格的图像是因为吉卜力工作室很难证明其版权。故选A项。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Peple have been using OpenAI’s GPT-4 t generate Ghibli-style illustratins, landscapes, prtraits and even events frm histry and current affairs. While it may seem entertaining, it culd be a key test fr (版权).(人们一直在使用OpenAI的GPT-4来生成吉卜力风格的插图、风景、肖像，甚至历史和时事事件。虽然这看起来可能很有趣，但它可能是对版权的一个关键考验)”可知，本文主要围绕GPT-4引发艺术版权问题展开。故A项“GPT-4引发艺术版权问题”能概括文章内容，是文章的主旨。故选A项。
2.（2026·福建省厦门双十中学高三上学期开学）The cncept f dynamic pricing is simple—and easy fr businesses t implement. Whether it’ s a Friday-evening fight, a htel during the hlidays, r a taxi ride in a dwnpur, we have all been burned by higher-than-nrmal prices due t excess demand. Raising csts when businesses are busiest is the nrm acrss the travel industry. Perhaps the mst well-knwn example f this is within ride-share cmpanies, which have used surge pricing fr years t charge riders when demand fr cars rckets relative t the number f drivers available.
Outside travel, nline stres are increasingly using this dynamic pricing, t, says Vmberg. “On Amazn. cm alne, millins f price changes ccur within a day, crrespnding t a price change f abut every ten minutes fr each prduct. ”While cnsumers might nt always pick up n these variatins in price, Vmberg says time-based dynamic pricing will likely becme a cmpetitive standard at least in nline markets. “AI-enabled tls can suggest the best prices via machine learning algrithms(算法). They can als track and learn cmpetitr and custmer respnses t price changes,” he says.
Nw, surge pricing is happening in stres including bars and supermarkets as well. “Physical businesses are adpting electrnic shelf labels that enable real time price adjustment depending n the time f day, stck levels and whether items are appraching their sell-by date,” says Sarwar Khawaja, chairman f the Oxfrd Educatin Grup. He says this technlgy is likely t cause prices in bars that use these signs t increase during the rushes f dinner,weekends r hlidays,r fr supermarkets t adjust prices thrughut the day r week,depending n vlume f shppers.
The current ecnmic climate is als driving the need fr these pricing technlgies. While creating cmpetitive prices is always key t healthy prfit margins, Khawaia says dynamic pricing enables businesses t ptimise their pricing depending n the financial situatins f their custmer base. “Businesses can ffer discunts during dwnturns while increasing prices in better ff areas,” he says.
The changes, hwever, may nt sit well with cnsumers. “Dynamic and surge pricing will likely expand t mre industries and mre cmpanies in the lng term, but just because a prduct may be ppular des nt mean that custmers are willing t turn a blind eye t being charged mre,” says Khawaja. He adds surge pricing can cause custmers t lse faith in a cmpany if they believe they are being vercharged. “Perhaps dynamic pricing f a drink in yur favurite pub might be a step t far fr lyal custmers.”
12．Which f the fllwing best explains “dynamic pricing” in paragraph 1?
A．A system f deciding what the prices shuld be.
B．A means fr cmpanies t find target custmers.
C．A methd that helps prmte sharing ecnmy
D．A strategy f ffering discunts t attract clients.
13．It can be inferred frm Arnd Vmberg’s cmments that nline stres ________.
A．ffer the mst cmpetitive prices
B．make prfits by changing prices in real time
C．cnfuse custmers by changing prices
D．rely t much n machine learning algrithms
14．Accrding t the passage, why d physical businesses adpt dynamic pricing?
A．T match supply and demand during peak hurs.
B．T lift custmer experience and encurage lyalty.
C．T maintain cnsistent pricing acrss all prducts.
D．T cmpete with nline stres and businesses.
15．Which f the fllwing best predicts hw custmers may react t the expansin f dynamic pricing?
A．Turn t whatever ffers the lwest prices.
B．Prtest against it fr being t annying.
C．Refuse t give in and are likely t resist.
D．Take it fr granted and accept it altgether.
【答案】12．A 13．B 14．A 15．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了什么是“动态定价”，并分析了动态定价产生的原因及其影响。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段“The cncept f dynamic pricing is simple—and easy fr businesses t implement. Whether it’ s a Friday-evening fight, a htel during the hlidays, r a taxi ride in a dwnpur, we have all been burned by higher-than-nrmal prices due t excess demand. (动态定价的概念很简单，企业也很容易实现。无论是周五晚上的打架，假期里的酒店，还是倾盆大雨中的出租车，由于需求过剩，我们都被高于正常水平的价格所折磨。)”可知，“动态定价”的核心是决定价格。A项“A system f deciding what the prices shuld be. (决定价格的体系。)”最能解释“动态定价”。故选A。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段““On Amazn. cm alne, millins f price changes ccur within a day, crrespnding t a price change f abut every ten minutes fr each prduct. ” (“仅在亚马逊网站上，一天内就会发生数百万次价格变化，相当于每种产品大约每十分钟就会发生一次价格变化。”)”可知，网店通过实时改变价格获利。故选B。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段““Physical businesses are adpting electrnic shelf labels that enable real time price adjustment depending n the time f day, stck levels and whether items are appraching their sell-by date,” says Sarwar Khawaja, chairman f the Oxfrd Educatin Grup. (牛津教育集团主席Sarwar Khawaja表示：“实体企业正在采用电子货架标签，可以根据一天中的时间、库存水平以及商品是否接近保质期进行实时价格调整。”)”可知，实体企业采用动态定价是为了满足高峰时段的供应和需求。故选A。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The changes, hwever, may nt sit well with cnsumers. “Dynamic and surge pricing will likely expand t mre industries and mre cmpanies in the lng term, but just because a prduct may be ppular des nt mean that custmers are willing t turn a blind eye t being charged mre,” says Khawaja. (然而，这些变化可能不会让消费者满意。Khawaja说：“从长远来看，动态和激增的定价可能会扩展到更多的行业和公司，但仅仅因为一种产品可能很受欢迎并不意味着客户愿意对收取更多费用视而不见。”)”可知，顾客可能会不满意动态定价，很可能会反抗。故选C。
3.（2027·福建省（全国名校联盟）高三上学期开学摸底联考）A research team frm AMOLF in Amsterdam has created a sft rbt that walks, jumps, and swims — all withut a brain, electrnics, r AI. As described in the study published in Science, it has n cmputer, n sftware, and n sensrs. And still, it mves with surprising autnmy and speed, simply because f its bdy and hw it interacts with the wrld.
S, what’s really driving it? Underneath the mvement is a principle yu’ve prbably seen, thugh yu might have verlked. Think f thse shaky, air-filled tube dancers swinging freely arund in frnt f gas statins. The same physics that makes them mve culd hld the key t the next generatin f autnmus rbts.
Pwered by a cntinuus stream f air alne, each f the rbt’s sft, tubular legs begins t swing. On its wn, each leg waves arund randmly. But when many are cupled tgether, their mtins quickly synchrnize. “Suddenly, rder emerges frm chas,” says the first authr Albert Cmrett. “N cntrllers, n prgramming. Cmplex cllective mtins arise just frm simple interactins.” Even mre surprising, the synchrnizatin adapts. If the rbt runs int an bstacle, it adjusts itself. When it mves frm land t water, it quickly shifts t freestyle swimming. All the mvement emerges frm the tight cupling between bdy and envirnment.
The research challenges the cnventinal idea that rbts need cmplicated cntrl systems t realize lifelike behavir. “Simple bjects, like tubes, can give rise t cmplex and functinal behavir, prvided we understand hw t take advantage f the underlying physics,” says principal investigatr Bas Overvelde. “There is n brain, n cmputer. Essentially, it’s a machine. But when prperly designed, it can utperfrm many rbtic systems and behave like an artificial creature.”
Pssible future applicatins range frm smart pills t space technlgy: safe micrrbts that can be swallwed and release drugs after autnmusly reaching the target tissue, rbtic wearable suits matching the walking steps withut prcessrs, reducing pwer cnsumptin while enhancing human strength. Mre bradly, these examples illustrate hw this research pens drs t mechanical systems that behave as if they had a cmputer, withut actually needing ne.
12．Why des the authr mentin tube dancers in paragraph 2?
A．T stress the wide use f rbts.B．T intrduce a daily applicatin.
C．T shw the need fr bservatin.D．T explain the wrking principle.
13．What des the underlined wrd “synchrnize” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Slw dwn.B．Match up.
C．Change directin.D．Cnsume energy.
14．What enables the sft rbt t adjust itself?
A．Its ability t get ver bstacles.B．Its cnnectin with a cmputer.
C．Its interactin with the envirnment.D．Its reliable perfrmance underwater.
15．What shuld rbts be like accrding t Bas Overvelde?
A．Physics-based.B．Cst-effective.
C．Functin-fcused.D．Envirnmentally-friendly.
【答案】12．D 13．B 14．C 15．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是阿姆斯特丹AMOLF研究所的一个研究团队开发出的一款无需大脑、电子设备或人工智能，仅凭自身机体与环境的交互就能实现行走、跳跃和游泳等复杂动作的软体机器人。
12．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Think f thse shaky, air-filled tube dancers swinging freely arund in frnt f gas statins. The same physics that makes them mve culd hld the key t the next generatin f autnmus rbts.(想想加油站前那些摇摆不定、充气的管状舞者自由摆动的场景吧。让它们动起来的物理原理，或许正是开启下一代自主机器人大门的关键所在。)”可知，作者在第二段提到充气的管状舞者的目的是解释工作原理。故选D。
13．词句猜测题。根据第三段中划线词上文“On its wn, each leg waves arund randmly.(单独的时候，每条腿都是随机摆动的。)”、“But when many are cupled tgether(但当多条腿连接在一起时)”中表转折的but以及划线词下文““Suddenly, rder emerges frm chas,” says the first authr Albert Cmrett.(“突然间，混乱中出现了秩序，”第一作者阿尔贝托·科莫雷托（Albert Cmrett）说。)”可知，单独的时候每条腿都是随机摆动，但当多条腿连接在一起时多个腿部动作很快协调一致、有序；划线词所在句子表示“但当多条腿连接在一起时，它们的动作很快就会同步”，synchrnize的意思是“同步，与……一致”，和Match up“相同，相似”意思相近。故选B。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段“If the rbt runs int an bstacle, it adjusts itself. When it mves frm land t water, it quickly shifts t freestyle swimming. All the mvement emerges frm the tight cupling between bdy and envirnment.(如果机器人遇到障碍物，它会自行调整。当它从陆地进入水中时，能迅速切换到自由泳模式。所有这些动作都源于机器人机体与环境的紧密耦合。)”可知，使软体机器人能够自我调整的是它与环境的相互作用。故选C。
15．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段““Simple bjects, like tubes, can give rise t cmplex and functinal behavir, prvided we understand hw t take advantage f the underlying physics,” says principal investigatr Bas Overvelde.(“像管子这样的简单物体，只要我们懂得如何利用其背后的物理原理，就能产生复杂且具有功能性的行为，”首席研究员Bas Overvelde表示。)”可知，Bas Overvelde认为机器人应该是基于物理的。故选A。
4.（2026·安徽省高三上学期8月摸底大联考）New era requires a new vcabulary. Will we still talk abut the “mbile” phne when all phnes are mbile, r when they are implanted (植入) within us?
Technlgy is everywhere nwadays, especially at wrk. Sme peple are really gd at using all the cl new tls that keep ppping up. They have smething called TQ, r technlgy qutient. It’s like a superpwer fr understanding the latest tech stuff that ur great-grandparents wuld have fund really impssible. Having a high TQ means yu’re awesme at using all the cl new things that nt everyne knws abut yet.
The examples are cmmn and becming mre and mre frequent. Fr the parent it might be a hme-schl vide class. Fr the brand manager it might be search engine bsting. And fr the clinician, it might be the rle f artificial intelligence in supprting the analysis f a CT scan. TQ attempts t quantify ur ability t make sensible use f current technlgies and t quickly adapt, embrace and capitalize n future creatins. This adptin is critical frm a variety f perspectives, frm scial t business. One trip int the wrld f ChatGPT and we can see hw the dynamics f AI and search are changing fr just abut everyne.
Any Mm r Dad can understand the value f IQ and EQ in prjecting the ptential fr a child’s success. But what abut technlgy? The ability fr the child and the teacher t understand, embrace and adpt technlgy will be a defining aspect f their lives as we speed int the future. We are increasingly defined by technlgy and ur active participatin in everything frm smart phnes t Facebk. It might just be time fr the basic human needs f fd, water and shelter t incrprate (吸收) technlgy t. And when that happens, it just might be a gd idea t measure it.
While this shift brings challenges, it’s unstppable. As TQ rises, it will cmbine with IQ and EQ, reshaping hw we live, wrk, and learn—turning adaptability with tech int a measurable edge.
12．What is TQ accrding t the text?
A．Speed f learning new languages.B．Skill f fixing high-tech prducts.
C．Talent t fllw mdern changes.D．Ability t apply new technlgies.
13．Which f the fllwing peple has a high TQ?
A．A manager wh ften uses mdern search engines.
B．A dctr wh analyzes CT scans with AI assistance.
C．A grandparent wh finds new tech devices awkward.
D．A mm wh watches vides f her child’s schl life.
14．What’s the writer’s attitude twards TQ?
A．Psitive.B．Negative.C．Dubtful.D．Cntradictry.
15．What might be the best title fr the passage?
A．Why Are IQ and EQ Imprtant fr TQ?
B．Hw Has TQ Changed in the Mdern Era?
C．What Makes TQ the New Intelligence?
D．Where t Start Adapting t TQ Changes?
【答案】12．D 13．B 14．A 15．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了TQ（科技商数）的概念，阐述了在科技无处不在的当今时代，理解和运用技术的能力（TQ）正变得与IQ和EQ一样重要，并将成为定义个人成功的关键因素。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段“It’s like a superpwer fr understanding the latest tech stuff that ur great-grandparents wuld have fund really impssible. Having a high TQ means yu’re awesme at using all the cl new things that nt everyne knws abut yet. (它就像一种超能力，能让人理解最新的科技事物——这些事物对我们的曾祖父母来说，无疑是难以想象的。拥有高技术商数（TQ），意味着你擅长运用那些眼下还未被所有人熟知的酷炫新事物)”以及第三段“TQ attempts t quantify ur ability t make sensible use f current technlgies and t quickly adapt, embrace and capitalize n future creatins. (TQ试图量化我们合理利用现有技术、并快速适应、接纳和利用未来创造的能力)”可知，TQ指的是应用新技术的能力。故选D项。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段“Having a high TQ means yu’re awesme at using all the cl new things that nt everyne knws abut yet. (拥有高TQ意味着你非常擅长使用那些还不是人人都知道的新奇事物)”和第三段所举例子“Fr the clinician, it might be the rle f artificial intelligence in supprting the analysis f a CT scan. (对临床医生来说，它可能是人工智能在辅助分析CT扫描中的作用)”可知，能够利用AI辅助分析CT扫描的医生，正是擅长运用前沿新技术的典型例子，因此他拥有高TQ。故选B项。
14．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“As TQ rises, it will cmbine with IQ and EQ, reshaping hw we live, wrk, and learn—turning adaptability with tech int a measurable edge. (随着TQ的提升，它将与IQ和EQ结合，重塑我们的生活、工作和学习方式——将对技术的适应能力转变为一种可衡量的优势)”可知，作者认为TQ的提升能带来竞争优势，并将其与IQ、EQ并列，视为未来成功的关键。因此作者对TQ持积极的态度。故选A项。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“New era requires a new vcabulary. Will we still talk abut the “mbile” phne when all phnes are mbile, r when they are implanted (植入) within us? (新时代需要新的词汇。当所有手机都具备移动功能，或是当手机被植入我们体内时，我们还会称呼它为“移动”电话吗？)”并结合全文内容可知，文章开篇以新时代需要新词汇引出话题，接着第二段定义了TQ的概念，第三段举例说明TQ的应用并强调其重要性，第四段将其与IQ、EQ类比，指出其将成为定义未来成功的关键方面，末段总结TQ将结合IQ、EQ重塑我们的生活。全文核心围绕“是什么使TQ成为一种新的智力商数”展开。故选C项。
5.（2025·湖南省怀化市高三上学期开学）Flamings (火烈鸟) lk graceful, but when it’s time t eat, they lk very silly. The birds feed n shrimp and algae (虾和藻) in wetlands. T grab a bite, they stick their heads underwater and pen and clse their muth rapidly. Then they step hard with their feet and mve arund in the mud, shaking their heads up and dwn as they walk. Why d they take this absurd apprach t getting a meal?
Flamings are filter feeders (滤食性动物) and they filter water thrugh their L-shaped beaks (鸟喙), trapping shrimp, algae and ther fd. But with their heads bending dwn between their legs, their beaks appear t be upside dwn, which seems like the wrng way t catch the shrimp and algae in frnt f them.
Of curse, flamings knw perfectly well what they’re ding, and s d Saad Bhamla, a biphysicist frm Gergia Institute f Technlgy, and his grup. The team reveals that the bird is creating vrtices (漩涡) in the water with almst every mve. Fr example, as it pulls ut f the water, its beak creates vrtices, stirring up shrimp and algae and traps them lng enugh fr the bird t eat. Then as fr the strange stepping hard with their feet, the study finds that flamings’ feet create a pair f vrtices that push fd tward their beaks. That’s why it makes sense t have the head facing the feet instead f whatever is in frnt f them.
“What they’re basically ding is playing with fluid dynamics — using the beak, using their legs, using their heads and necks,” said Bhamla.
Bhamla believes flamings may have sme have sme mre t teach humans. He wrks with chemists t learn hw t better filter water. Thse filters frequently get blcked by substances similar in size t what the flamings filter fr their fd. S it seems pssible that sme f the vrtex-generating techniques f flamings culd be adapted t help keep the filters clear.
32．What des flamings’ feeding behavir appear t be like?
A．Awkward.B．Flexible.C．Uncntrllable.D．Unchanged.
33．Hw d flamings’ L-shaped beaks help them feed?
A．By allwing them t drink mre water.
B．By catching fd as water flws thrugh.
C．By making it easier t catch fast-mving fd.
D．By stpping water frm entering their muths.
34．Why d flamings mve their heads up and dwn while feeding?
A．T clean their beaks frm mud and debris.
B．T signal t ther flamings abut danger.
C．T create water currents that help trap fd.
D．T dig deeper int the mud fr hidden fd.
35．What will Bhamla cntinue t study abut flamings’ feeding habits?
A．The species cnservatin.B．Its pssible limitatin.
C．The new research methd.D．Its ptential applicatin.
【答案】32．A 33．B 34．C 35．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了火烈鸟看似笨拙的进食方式背后的科学原理及其潜在应用价值。
32．推理判断题。根据第一段“Flamings lk graceful, but when it’s time t eat, they lk very silly.(火烈鸟看起来很优雅，但到了吃饭的时候，它们看起来很傻)”以及下文对火烈鸟进食时摇头晃脑、踩踏泥浆等动作的描述可知，火烈鸟的进食行为看起来很笨拙。故选A。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段“Flamings are filter feeders and they filter water thrugh their L-shaped beaks, trapping shrimp, algae and ther fd.(火烈鸟是滤食性动物，它们通过L形的鸟喙过滤水，捕捉虾、藻类和其他食物)”可知，火烈鸟的L形鸟喙通过允许水流过时捕捉食物来帮助它们进食。故选B。
34．细节理解题。根据第三段“Fr example, as it pulls ut f the water, its beak creates vrtices, stirring up shrimp and algae and traps them lng enugh fr the bird t eat.(例如，当它从水中拉出时，它的喙会产生漩涡，搅动虾和藻类，并将它们困住足够长的时间让它吃掉)”以及“Then as fr the strange stepping hard with their feet, the study finds that flamings’ feet create a pair f vrtices that push fd tward their beaks.(至于它们用脚奇怪地用力踩踏，研究发现火烈鸟的脚会产生一对漩涡，将食物推向它们的喙)”可知，火烈鸟进食时上下移动头部是为了制造水流，帮助捕捉食物。故选C。
35．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Bhamla believes flamings may have sme mre t teach humans. He wrks with chemists t learn hw t better filter water. Thse filters frequently get blcked by substances similar in size t what the flamings filter fr their fd. S it seems pssible that sme f the vrtex-generating techniques f flamings culd be adapted t help keep the filters clear.(Bhamla认为火烈鸟可能还能教给人类更多东西。他与化学家合作，学习如何更好地过滤水。这些过滤器经常被与火烈鸟过滤食物的大小相似的物质堵塞。因此，火烈鸟的一些产生漩涡的技术似乎有可能被用来帮助保持过滤器的清洁)”可知，Bhamla将继续研究火烈鸟进食习惯的潜在应用。故选D。
6.（2026·云南三校高三备考实用性8月联考卷（二））In the presence f chubby (胖嘟嘟) babies, furry puppies r ther adrable little things, it isn’t uncmmn t be driven by a desire t squeeze, pinch (捏) r even bite them. While yu may have the desire t d ne r mre f these things, yu certainly dn’t wish t hurt these cute creatures. But why d sme f us react in this strange way? Scientists have revealed what happens in the brain t fuel this respnse, which they refer t as “cute aggressin.”
The researchers gathered tgether 54 participants between the ages f 18 and 40 and fitted them with electrde caps (电极头罩) t measure their brain activity. The participants were asked t lk at 32 phtgraphs that were divided int fur separate blcks: ne cnsisted f images f adult animals (which the study’s authrs classified as “less cute”), ne f baby animals (classified as “cuter”), and tw f human babies. The first blck f human baby images had been altered t enhance thse features we humans typically perceive as being cuter while the ther was altered t reduce cuteness.
After they had viewed the images, the participants were asked t fill ut questinnaires that measured their respnses t the phts. Images f baby animals gt the strngest respnse. Accrding t the study’s authrs, the participants expressed mre significant feelings f cute aggressin — such as feelings f verwhelmingness, care-taking desires, and s frth — tward the baby animals than t the adult animals. They didn’t bserve the same distinctin between participants’ reactins t cuter and less-cute images f babies. Researchers said that this may be because bth sets f babies were “bjectively pretty cute.”
By using the electrde caps, researchers were als able t gain insight int the neural (神经的) activity f participants wh experienced cute aggressin. This respnse was assciated with greater activity, nt nly in the brain’s emtinal systems, but als in its reward systems. The latter regulate mtivatin, pleasure and feelings f “wanting”.
Scientists suspect that cute aggressin is the brain’s way f cping with the verwhelming respnse that ccurs when these tw pwerful brain systems start t wrk tgether. In ther wrds, the brain tsses in a dash f aggressin t temper the attack f these psitive feelings.
12．Which f the fllwing statements best describes the participants’ reactins t the images?
A．They shwed similar respnses twards images f cute animals and babies.
B．They expressed the mst significant reactins twards images f baby animals.
C．They exhibited strnger emtins twards images f cuter babies cmpared t less cute nes.
D．They displayed the same reactins t the images f baby animals and adult animals.
13．What happened when participants experienced cute aggressin?
A．There was strnger activity nly in the brain’s reward systems.
B．There was larger activity nly in the brain’s emtinal systems.
C．There was n significant neural activity related t cute aggressin.
D．There was greater activity in the brain’s emtinal and reward systems.
14．What is cute aggressin accrding t the passage?
A．A sign f mental health issues causing aggressin.
B．A result f negative feelings twards cute creatures.
C．A frm f cntrl ver things perceived as less pwerful.
D．A way fr the brain t handle verwhelming psitive feelings.
15．What is the main purpse f the passage?
A．T investigate why peple are driven t destry cute things.
B．T explre the standards peple use t determine what is cute.
C．T intrduce what happens in the brain t cause cute aggressin.
D．T examine peple’s emtinal respnses t seeing smething cute.
【答案】12．B 13．D 14．D 15．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文围绕 “可爱侵犯” 这一现象展开，主要介绍了研究人员通过实验解释了“可爱侵犯”背后的神经机制。
12．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Images f baby animals gt the strngest respnse.(动物幼崽图片得到了最强烈的反应。)”可知，参与者对动物幼崽图像的反应最为强烈、显著。故选B项。
13．细节理解题。根据文章第四段内容“This respnse was assciated with greater activity, nt nly in the brain’s emtinal systems, but als in its reward systems.(这种反应不仅与大脑的情感系统活动增强有关，还与大脑的奖赏系统活动增强有关。)”可知，体验到“可爱侵犯”的参与者的大脑神经活动情况与大脑的情绪系统和奖励系统都有着联系，当参与者体验到“可爱侵犯”时，其大脑的情绪系统和奖赏系统表现出更强的活跃度。故选D项。
14．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Scientists suspect that cute aggressin is the brain’s way f cping with the verwhelming respnse that ccurs when these tw pwerful brain systems start t wrk tgether. In ther wrds, the brain tsses in a dash f aggressin t temper the attack f these psitive feelings.(科学家们推测，这种“可爱侵犯”是大脑的一种应对方式，用于处理当这两个强大的大脑系统开始协同运作时所产生的强烈反应。换句话说，大脑会加入一点“攻击性”元素，以抑制这些积极情绪的爆发。)”可知，两个强大的大脑系统同时活动的时候，大脑对难以承受的强烈积极反应作出了“中和”回应，即“可爱侵犯”，以抑制这些积极情绪的爆发。由此可知，“可爱侵犯”是大脑应对过度强烈积极感受的一种方式。故选D项。
15．推理判断题。作者在第一段最后一句“Scientists have revealed what happens in the brain t fuel this respnse, which they refer t as “cute aggressin.”(科学家们已经揭示了大脑中究竟发生了什么，才催生了这种反应——他们将其称为“可爱侵犯”。)”提出了文章的主题，下文详细介绍了研究者为揭示“可爱侵犯”产生原因而开展的实验、实验过程以及研究发现；因此可知，全文围绕“大脑中发生了什么才导致可爱侵犯”展开，通过实验解释“可爱侵犯”的神经机制。由此推知，本文的目的是介绍大脑中发生什么才导致可爱侵犯。故选C项。
7.（2026·江苏省盐城市七校联盟高三上学期9月月考）Tw U. S.— based grups, the Cuncil n Freign Relatins and the Natinal Gegraphic, Sciety cmmissined an nline survey earlier this year. They wanted t knw what yung peple educated in American clleges knew abut gegraphy, U. S. freign plicy, recent internatinal events, and ecnmics.
The survey was given t ver 1,200 Americans between the ages f 18 and 26 years. All f them presently attending, r having previusly graduated frm, a 2- r 4-year cllege r university.
The average test scre, ut f 75 ttal pssible answers, was 55 percent. The study identifies a few imprtant prblems. Fr example, nly 30 percent knew that the nly part f the U. S. gvernment that can declare war is Cngress. Only 60% f thse taking the survey culd identify Brazil n a wrld map.
Part f the prblem, argue the rganizers f the survey, is the internet. They say it is becming harder t find high-quality infrmatin abut wrld events amngst all the fake news and trivia which swamp the web. Frty-three percent f thse questined said they read abut the news n Facebk.
Anther prblem is that mst cllege curses d nt require students t learn abut internatinal issues. If such infrmatin is nt required, Richard Haass frm the Cuncil n Freign Relatins said, then the United States culd have leaders like Gary Jhnsn. He was a recent presidential candidate wh did nt knw abut the Syrian city f Alepp when a reprter asked him abut it.
The survey results were nt all bad. The yung peple als demnstrated a gd understanding f climate change and renewable energy. And the majrity f them said that internatinal issues were becming mre imprtant t them.
Haass says these findings suggest the need t find was t get gd infrmatin t students, bth in schl and nline. T help, the Cuncil n Freign Relatins is creating a new prgram called CFR Campus, designed t help build knwledge abut glbal issues.
12．What can we learn abut the survey?
A．All the participants were recent university graduates.
B．It was an nline survey cnducted by tw US universities.
C．Its aim is t figure ut what the yung peple knw abut America.
D．It was given t ver 1,200 American peple aged frm 18 t 26.
13．What’s ne reasn survey rganizers give fr yung peple’s lack f knwledge?
A．Yung peple are unwilling t travel abrad.
B．The surces frm which they get their infrmatin.
C．The US university system is f pr quality.
D．Their lack f interest in knwing mre abut the wrld.
14．Accrding t the survey, what tpic did the yung Americans understand best?
A．Envirnmental matters.B．Gegraphic infrmatin.
C．Freign relatins.D．Gvernment rganizatins.
15．In which clumn f a newspaper culd we find this article?
A．Ecnmics.B．Entertainment.
C．Plitics.D．Educatin.
【答案】12．D 13．B 14．A 15．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了美国的两个组织想要了解美国大学的年轻人对美国的地理、外交政策、最近的国际事件和经济的认识程度，所以进行了一次调查。
12．细节理解题。根据第三段中的The survey was given t ver 1,200 Americans between the ages f 18 and 26 years.可知，这项调查的对象是1200多名年龄在18岁到26岁之间的美国人。故选D。
13．细节理解题。根据第五段中的Part f the prblem, argue the rganizers f the survey, is the internet. They say it is becming harder t find high-quality infrmatin abut wrld events amngst all the fake news and trivia which swamp the web. Frty-three percent f thse questined said they read abut the news n Facebk.可知，调查的组织者认为，部分问题出在互联网上。他们说，在网络上铺天盖地的假新闻和琐事中寻找高质量的世界事件信息变得越来越困难。43%的受访者表示他们在Facebk上看到了这条新闻。由此可知，调查组织者认为年轻人缺乏知识，其中一个原因是因为他们获得信息的来源。故选B。
14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的The yung peple als demnstrated a gd understanding f climate change and renewable energy.可知，这些年轻人对气候变化和可再生能源也表现出了良好的理解。由此可知，调查显示年轻人对环境问题理解得较好。故选A。
15．推理判断题。根据第二段中的They wanted t knw what yung peple educated in American clleges knew abut gegraphy, U. S. freign plicy, recent internatinal events, and ecnmics.可知，他们想知道在美国大学接受教育的年轻人对地理、美国外交政策、最近的国际事件和经济了解多少，所以进行了一次调查。这篇文章最可能出现在报纸上的教育版块。故选D。
8.（2026·安徽省江淮十校高三上学期8月第一次联考）French scientists frm France’s Atmic Energy Cmmissin (CEA) have annunced their experiment — carried ut n February 12 — has set a new recrd f 1,337 secnds fr keeping r maintaining hydrgen atms in a state called plasma (等离子体), 25 percent lnger than the previus ne, which was set in China last mnth.
The team said their wrk marks an imprtant step in the search fr nuclear fusin (核聚变) methds that culd prduce clean, safe and almst limitless energy. The aim f fusin research is t create the same kind f nuclear reactin as happens in the center f the sun. In a fusin reactin, the centers f tw atms fuse, r jin tgether, t frm a new atm with a heavier nucleus, r center, releasing large amunts f energy.
Hwever, because fusin happens at very high temperatures, it is difficult t cntrl. The scientists in France used a machine — a circular ring with strng walls t resist intense heat — called a tkamak t d their research. Inside the ring, hydrgen atms are heated t temperatures up t abut 50 millin degrees Celsius, creating plasma that is held tgether by pwerful magnets.
Anne-Isabelle Etienvre, CEA’s head f fundamental research, tld the French news agency AFP the new recrd fr making plasma shws “that we cntrl its prductin, but als its maintenance.” Hwever, Etienvre nted that there are still many “technlgical barriers” t vercme befre fusin can “prduce mre energy than it cnsumes”.
Scientists say that fr nuclear fusin t succeed, hydrgen atms will need t be heated up t mre than 100 millin degrees Celsius. But at this extreme temperature, plasma can becme unstable and difficult t cntrl, which can lead t energy lss and limit hw well a pssible future nuclear fusin reactr culd wrk.
In the cming mnths, the research team will lk t increase the time they can keep the atms in a plasma state, hping t bring the ttal time “up t several hurs cmbined”. The CEA nted that in future experiments, scientists will als aim t heat the plasma t higher temperatures and examine the effects the ht plasma has n their testing machine.
Teams frm multiple cuntries are wrking tgether in suthern France t build the wrld’s largest tkamak and fusin research center, called ITER, hping the current research n maintaining plasma will be useful fr future prjects at ITER. Hwever, AFP reprts that repeated delays and increasing csts have pstpned peratins at ITER until at least 2033.
12．What is the main achievement reprted by French scientists?
A．They created a new type f tkamak machine.
B．They achieved nuclear fusin at 100 millin degrees Celsius.
C．They brke China’s recrd fr plasma maintenance time by 25%.
D．They sustained plasma fr 1,337 secnds, setting a new wrld recrd.
13．Accrding t the text, what remains a majr challenge fr nuclear fusin?
A．Building larger tkamak machines.
B．Reducing experiment csts.
C．Maintaining plasma stability at ver 100 millin degrees Celsius.
D．Finding alternative energy surces.
14．What will the scientists mainly try t d in the next step?
A．T heat the plasma t 100 millin degrees Celsius.
B．T keep hydrgen atms in a plasma state lnger.
C．T test hw the ht plasma affects the testing machine.
D．T research hw nuclear fusin happens.
15．Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Plasma — a state f hydrgen atms
B．Nuclear fusin — a technlgy t imprve human life
C．A great breakthrugh — scientists made in nuclear fusin
D．Hydrgen atms — the fuel f nuclear fusin
【答案】12．D 13．C 14．B 15．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了法国科学家宣布他们在保持氢原子等离子体状态方面取得了新纪录，并介绍了核聚变研究的现状、挑战及未来计划。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段“French scientists frm France’s Atmic Energy Cmmissin (CEA) have annunced their experiment — carried ut n February 12 — has set a new recrd f 1,337 secnds fr keeping r maintaining hydrgen atms in a state called plasma (等离子体), 25 percent lnger than the previus ne, which was set in China last mnth.(法国原子能委员会（CEA）的科学家宣布，他们在2月12日进行的实验创造了将氢原子保持在等离子体状态1337秒的新纪录，比上个月在中国创造的纪录长25%。)”可知，法国科学家的主要成就是将等离子体维持了1337秒，创造了新的世界纪录。故选D。
13．细节理解题。根据第五段“Scientists say that fr nuclear fusin t succeed, hydrgen atms will need t be heated up t mre than 100 millin degrees Celsius. But at this extreme temperature, plasma can becme unstable and difficult t cntrl, which can lead t energy lss and limit hw well a pssible future nuclear fusin reactr culd wrk.(科学家表示，要使核聚变成功，氢原子需要被加热到1亿摄氏度以上。但在这种极端温度下，等离子体可能变得不稳定且难以控制，这可能导致能量损失，并限制未来可能的核聚变反应堆的工作效果。)”可知，核聚变面临的主要挑战是在超过1亿摄氏度下维持等离子体的稳定性。故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据第六段中“In the cming mnths, the research team will lk t increase the time they can keep the atms in a plasma state, hping t bring the ttal time “up t several hurs cmbined”.(在接下来的几个月里，研究团队将寻求延长将原子保持在等离子体状态的时间，希望总时间“达到数小时”。)”可知，科学家下一步的主要目标是延长氢原子在等离子体状态下的时间。故选B。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“French scientists frm France’s Atmic Energy Cmmissin (CEA) have annunced their experiment — carried ut n February 12 — has set a new recrd f 1,337 secnds fr keeping r maintaining hydrgen atms in a state called plasma (等离子体), 25 percent lnger than the previus ne, which was set in China last mnth.(法国原子能委员会（CEA）的科学家宣布，他们在2月12日进行的实验创造了将氢原子保持在等离子体状态1337秒的新纪录，比上个月在中国创造的纪录长25%。)”可知，本文主要介绍了法国科学家在核聚变研究方面取得的突破，包括创造了新的等离子体维持时间的新纪录，并讨论了核聚变的挑战和未来计划。因此，C选项“A great breakthrugh — scientists made in nuclear fusin(科学家在核聚变方面取得的重大突破)”符合题意。故选C。
9.（2026·广东省湛江市湛江市八校联考高三上学期8月月考）Scientists think that micrplastics frm ultra-prcessed (超加工的) fds may be building up in ur brains. What they have fund was shwed in fur papers in Brain Medicine recently, suggesting a pssible cnnectin t the rise in mental health prblems like depressin.
The cver f Brain Medicine shws a human brain filled with clrful micrplastic particles (微粒), next t a plastic spn. This image highlights a key finding: Human brains may cntain abut “a spnful” f micrplastic material. Ultra-prcessed fds, which nw make up ver 50% f energy intake in the US, cntain far mre micrplastics than whle fds. These tiny plastic particles, less than 5 millimeters in size, can get int human brains and increase significantly in large amunts.
Studies have shwn a link between eating ultra-prcessed fds and negative mental health. Peple wh eat such fds have a 22% higher risk f depressin, a 48% higher risk f anxiety, and a 41% higher risk f pr sleep. The new assumptin is that micrplastics culd be the missing link in this cnnectin. Fr example, a type f prcessed chicken has 30 times mre micrplastics per gram than fresh chicken breasts. Recent findings in Nature Medicine als revealed high levels f micrplastics in the human brain, and these levels were three t five times higher in peple with serius mental decline. Ultra-prcessed fds and micrplastics seem t damage human brains thrugh similar bilgical prcesses, like causing deleterius reactins and stress inside human bdies.
T study this further, researchers suggest creating a Dietary Micrplastic Index (DMI) with the aim f measuring micrplastic expsure frm fd. Anther paper shws that a mdern technique might be able t remve micrplastic particles frm the bld, but mre research is needed. In cnclusin, while mre studies are required, it is clear that reducing ultra-prcessed fd cnsumptin and finding ways t remve micrplastics frm ur bdies are imprtant. After all, as the saying ges, “Yu are what yu eat.”
12．Hw des the authr intrduce the tpic f the text?
A．By giving examples.B．By defining a cncept.
C．By prviding statistics.D．By presenting a discvery.
13．What can we learn abut micrplastics frm the cver f Brain Medicine?
A．They lk like spns.B．They can be t tiny t be fund.
C．They may build up in the human brain.D．They are primarily fund in whle fds.
14．What des the underlined wrd “deleterius” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Vague.B．Harmful.C．Psitive.D．Necessary.
15．What is DMI used t d accrding t the text?
A．Assess the intake f micrplastics thrugh fd.
B．Measure the amunt f micrplastics in the bld.
C．Prmte the cnsumptin f ultra-prcessed fds.
D．Facilitate the remval f micrplastics frm the bdy.
【答案】12．D 13．C 14．B 15．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述科学家已发现超加工食品中含有的微塑料，可能会在人脑内累积；研究还显示，这类微塑料的累积或与抑郁症等心理健康问题存在关联。文中进一步介绍了微塑料对人体的危害，以及相关研究提出的建议，同时强调，当前需采取两方面措施：一是减少超加工食品的摄入量，二是探索清除人体内微塑料的方法。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Scientists think that micrplastics frm ultra-prcessed (超加工的) fds may be building up in ur brains. What they have fund was shwed in fur papers in Brain Medicine recently, suggesting a pssible cnnectin t the rise in mental health prblems like depressin.(科学家们认为，来自超加工食品的微塑料可能正在我们的大脑中积聚。他们所发现的情况在最近发表的四篇《脑医学》论文中有所体现，这些研究结果表明，这可能与抑郁症等心理健康问题的增多存在关联)”以及下文内容可知，作者通过公布一项科学发现引入这篇文章的主题。故选D。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段的“The cver f Brain Medicine shws a human brain filled with clrful micrplastic particles (微粒), next t a plastic spn. This image highlights a key finding: Human brains may cntain abut “a spnful” f micrplastic material.(《脑医学》杂志的封面展示了一个布满彩色微塑料颗粒的人脑，旁边还有一把塑料勺子。这一画面突显了一个重要发现：人类大脑中可能含有大约“一勺子”的微塑料物质)”可知，从这个封面中，我们可知微塑料可能会在人的大脑中积聚起来。故选C。
14．词句猜测题。根据第三段提到的“Ultra-prcessed fds and micrplastics seem t damage human brains thrugh similar bilgical prcesses(超加工食品和微塑料似乎通过类似的生物过程损害人类大脑)”，以及“like causing deleterius reactins and stress inside human bdies(比如引发对人体deleterius反应以及造成人体内部的压力)”是对“损害大脑的生物过程”的举例，故 “deleterius reactins”应与“stress（压力）”并列，指“有害的反应”。故划线词意思是“有害的”。故选B。
15．细节理解题。根据最后一段“T study this further, researchers suggest creating a Dietary Micrplastic Index (DMI) with the aim f measuring micrplastic expsure frm fd.(为了进一步研究这一问题，研究人员建议创建一个“饮食微塑料指数”（DMI），旨在衡量食物中的微塑料暴露量)”可知，DMI的作用是评估通过食物摄入的微塑料量。故选A。
10.（2026·江苏省南京市六校联合体高三学情调研）Critical thinking influences ur daily lives mre extensively than we typically acknwledge. Even cmmn decisins, such as selecting a breakfast, invlve subcnscius (下意识的) applicatin f critical thinking as we weigh factrs like nutritin, taste preferences, and dietary needs t determine the best ptin fr that particular mrning.​
This ability functins much like a muscle — it strengthens prgressively with deliberate practice. As a crnerstne f prfessinal success, critical thinking equips individuals with the capacity t navigate wrkplace challenges, systematically test hyptheses (假说) thrugh cntinuus trials, and put frward effective slutins t cmplex prblems. Its significance in career advancement cannt be verstated.​
Fundamentally, critical thinking refers t the capacity t cmprehend, assess, and analyze factual infrmatin t frm reasned judgments r evaluate the validity f claims. Beynd mere curisity abut the wrld, critical thinkers excel at establishing lgical cnnectins between ideas t grasp brader cntexts. Develping this skill enables individuals t cnvey their thughts lgically, present arguments systematically, and make infrmed decisins helpful t cntinuus imprvement.​
While scientific prfessins clearly demand critical thinking, its applicatin extends acrss diverse careers including law, medicine, jurnalism, engineering, accunting, and analysis. The Wrld Ecnmic Frum cnsistently identifies it as an imprtant wrkfrce skill due t its rle in enhancing infrmatin analysis, imprving creativity, enabling innvative prblem-slving, and advancing strategic planning. In everyday life, critical thinking perates incnspicuusly yet pwerfully, empwering independent thught and judgment. ​
Cntrary t cmmn miscnceptins, critical thinking strengthens interpersnal relatinships by bsting empathy fr thers’ perspectives and maintaining an pen mindset. Critical thinkers maintain intellectual curisity, pse inquiring questins, and refuse t accept infrmatin at face value. Critical thinking isn’t just a nice-t-have; it’s hw we grw, imprve, and make sense f an increasingly cmplex wrld. It helps us ask better questins, listen mre deeply, and apprach prblems with clarity instead f chas.
32．Which methd best helps develp critical thinking skills accrding t the passage?
A．Learning thrugh repeated errrs.B．Develping strnger emtinal awareness.
C．Engaging in fcused, intentinal practice.D．Making decisins based n subcnsciusness.
33．Which example best shws critical thinking?
A．Cnsumers buy phnes just based n ads.B．Dctrs analyze tests befre treatment.
C．Viewers believe news withut cnfirmatin.D．Managers veremphasize certificates in hiring.
34．What des the underlined wrd “incnspicuusly” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Obviusly.B．Precisely.C．Unnticeably.D．Abstractly.
35．What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A．Critical thinking helps drive the wrld frward.
B．Critical thinking harms interpersnal relatinships.
C．Critical thinkers refuse t accept basic infrmatin.
D．Critical thinkers can put themselves in thers’ shes.
【答案】32．C 33．B 34．C 35．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要阐述了批判性思维在日常生活和职业发展中的重要性。文章还强调了批判性思维在增强人际关系、促进个人成长和理解复杂世界方面的积极作用。
32．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“This ability functins much like a muscle—it strengthens prgressively with deliberate practice. (这种能力就像肌肉一样，通过有意识的练习逐渐增强。)”可知，专注于有意识的练习最能培养批判性思维技能。故选C。
33．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Fundamentally, critical thinking refers t the capacity t cmprehend, assess, and analyze factual infrmatin t frm reasned judgments r evaluate the validity f claims. (从根本上讲，批判性思维是指理解、评估和分析事实信息以形成合理判断或评估主张有效性的能力。)”可知，批判性思维需要对事实信息进行理解、评估和分析。B选项“Dctrs analyze tests befre treatment.(医生在进行治疗前会先对各项检查结果进行分析。)”符合批判性思维的特点。故选B。
34．词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“yet pwerfully, empwering independent thught and judgment. (然而却很有力量，赋予人们独立思考和判断的能力。)”可知，后文内容与前文构成转折关系即批判性思维在日常生活中虽然“不明显”，但却很有力量，赋予人们独立思考和判断的能力。故画线词与C选项“Unnticeably.(不易察觉地)”为同义词。故选C。
35．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Cntrary t cmmn miscnceptins, critical thinking strengthens interpersnal relatinships by bsting empathy fr thers’ perspectives and maintaining an pen mindset. (与普遍的误解相反，批判性思维通过增强对他人观点的同理心并保持开放的心态来加强人际关系。)”可知，批判性思维可以增强对他人的同理心，即批判性思维者能够设身处地为他人着想。故选D。
1.【2022新课标II卷】
As we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in prcessing xygen as it used t be. In mst peple the first signs shw up in their 50s r early 60s. And amng peple wh dn’t exercise, the changes can start even sner.
“Think f a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer fr 20 years and it will becme dry and easily brken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University f Texas. That’s what happens t the heart. Frtunately fr thse in midlife, Levine is finding that even if yu haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape nw may help imprve yur aging heart.
Levine and his research team selected vlunteers aged between 45 and 64 wh did nt exercise much but were therwise healthy. Participants were randmly divided int tw grups. The first grup participated in a prgram f nnaerbic (无氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The secnd grup did high-intensity aerbic exercise under the guidance f a trainer fr fur r mre days a week. After tw years, the secnd grup saw remarkable imprvements in heart health.
“We tk these 50-year-ld hearts and turned the clck back t 30-r 35-year-ld hearts,” says Levine. “And the reasn they gt s much strnger and fitter was that their hearts culd nw fill a lt better and pump (泵送) a lt mre bld during exercise.” But the hearts f thse wh participated in less intense exercise didn’t change, he says.
“The sweet spt in life t start exercising, if yu haven’t already, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility,” Levine says. “We put healthy 70-year-lds thrugh a yearlng exercise training prgram, and nthing happened t them at all.”
Dr. Nieca Gldberg, a spkeswman fr the American Heart Assciatin, says Levine’s findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs t be repeated with far larger grups f peple t determine exactly which aspects f an exercise rutine make the biggest difference.
32. What des Levine want t explain by mentining the rubber band?
A. The right way f exercising.B. The causes f a heart attack.
C. The difficulty f keeping fit.D. The aging prcess f the heart.
33. In which aspect were the tw grups different in terms f research design?
A. Diet plan.B. Prfessinal backgrund.
C. Exercise type.D. Previus physical cnditin.
34. What des Levine’s research find?
A. Middle-aged hearts get yunger with aerbic exercise.
B. High-intensity exercise is mre suitable fr the yung.
C. It is never t late fr peple t start taking exercise.
D. The mre exercise we d, the strnger ur hearts get.
35. What des Dr. Nieca Gldberg suggest?
A. Making use f the findings.B. Interviewing the study participants.
C. Cnducting further research.D. Clarifying the purpse f the study.
【答案】32. D 33. C 34. A 35. C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是锻炼对于心脏的好处。
32. D。推理判断题。根据第二段的““Think f a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer fr 20 years and it will becme dry and easily brken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University f Texas. That’s what happens t the heart.(“想想橡皮筋。一开始，它是灵活的，但把它放在抽屉里20年，它就会变得干燥，很容易破碎，”德克萨斯大学的心脏专家本·莱文博士说。这就是心脏的变化。)”可知，莱文想通过提到橡皮筋来解释心脏的老化过程，故选D。
33. C。推理判断题。根据第三段的“The first grup participated in a prgram f nnaerbic exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The secnd grup did high-intensity aerbic exercise under the guidance f a trainer fr fur r mre days a week.(第一组每周参加三次非有氧运动——平衡训练和重量训练。第二组在教练的指导下每周进行4天或更多的高强度有氧运动。)”可知，两组在研究设计上的不同在于运动类型的不同，故选C。
34. A。细节理解题。根据第三段的“The secnd grup did high-intensity aerbic exercise under the guidance f a trainer fr fur r mre days a week. After tw years, the secnd grup saw remarkable imprvements in heart health.(第二组在教练的指导下每周进行4天或更多的高强度有氧运动。两年后，第二组的心脏健康状况有了显著改善。)”和第四段的““We tk these 50-year-ld hearts and turned the clck back t 30-r 35-year-ld hearts,” says Levine.(莱文说:“我们把这些50岁的心脏的时钟拨回30或35岁的心脏。”)”可知，莱文的研究发现了通过有氧运动，中年人的心脏会变得更年轻，故选A。
35. C。推理判断题。根据最后一段的“But the study was small and needs t be repeated with far larger grups f peple t determine exactly which aspects f an exercise rutine make the biggest difference.(但这项研究的规模很小，需要在更大的人群中重复进行，以确定日常锻炼的哪些方面会产生最大的影响。)”可知，妮卡·戈德堡博士建议进行进一步的研究。故选C。
2.【2024新课标II卷】
Given the astnishing ptential f AI t transfrm ur lives, we all need t take actin t deal with ur AI-pwered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence cmes in. This absrbing new bk by Catrina Campbell is a practical radmap addressing the challenges psed by the frthcming AI revlutin (变革).
In the wrng hands, such a bk culd prve as cmplicated t prcess as the cmputer cde (代码) that pwers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has mre than tw decades’ prfessinal experience translating the heady int the understandable. She writes frm the practical angle f a business persn rather than as an academic, making fr a guide which is highly accessible and infrmative and which, by the clse, will make yu feel almst as smart as AI.
As we sn cme t learn frm AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will becme mre capable, mving frm the current generatin f “narrw-AI” t Artificial General Intelligence. Frm there, Campbell says, will cme Artificial Dminant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set ut t raise awareness f AI and its future nw-several decades befre these develpments are expected t take place. She says it is essential that we keep cntrl f artificial intelligence, r risk being sidelined and perhaps even wrse.
Campbell’s pint is t wake up thse respnsible fr AI-the technlgy cmpanies and wrld leaders-s they are n the same page as all the experts currently develping it. She explains we are at a “tipping pint” in histry and must act nw t prevent an extinctin-level event fr humanity. We need t cnsider hw we want ur future with Al t pan ut. Such structured thinking, fllwed by glbal regulatin, will enable us t achieve greatness rather than ur dwnfall.
AI will affect us all, and if yu nly read ne bk n the subject, this is it.
32. What des the phrase “In the wrng hands” in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. If read by smene prly educated.B. If reviewed by smene ill-intentined.
C. If written by smene less cmpetent.D. If translated by smene unacademic.
33. What is a feature f AI by Design accrding t the text?
A. It is packed with cmplex cdes.B. It adpts a dwn-t-earth writing style.
C. It prvides step-by-step instructins.D. It is intended fr AI prfessinals.
34. What des Campbell urge peple t d regarding AI develpment?
A. Observe existing regulatins n it.
B. Recnsider expert pinins abut it.
C. Make jint effrts t keep it under cntrl.
D. Learn frm prir experience t slw it dwn.
35. What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A. T recmmend a bk n AI.B. T give a brief accunt f AI histry.
C. T clarify the definitin f AI.D. T hnr an utstanding AI expert.
【答案】32. C 33. B 34. C 35. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Catrina Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence一书。该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机。
32.词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“such a bk culd prve as cmplicated t prcess as the cmputer cde (代码) that pwers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has mre than tw decades' prfessinal experience translating the heady int the understandable. She writes frm the practical angle f a business persn rather than as an academic, making fr a guide which is highly accessible and infrmative and which, by the clse, will make yu feel almst as smart as AI. (这样一本书可能会像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂，但值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔撰写的这本书是通俗易懂的，如果别人写这本书的话可能就不是这样了，推测划线短语表示 “如果是由能力较差的人写的”。故选C项。
33. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“thankfully, Campbell has mre than tw decades’ prfessinal experience translating the heady int the understandable. She writes frm the practical angle f a business persn rather than as an academic, making fr a guide which is highly accessible and infrmative and which, by the clse, will make yu feel almst as smart as AI.(值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔在书中将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容，这本书的特点是通俗易懂，推测它采用了接地气的写作风格。故选B项。
34.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“She says it is essential that we keep cntrl f artificial intelligence, r risk being sidelined and perhaps even wrse. (她说，我们必须保持对人工智能的控制，否则就有被边缘化甚至更糟的风险)”和文章最后一段“We need t cnsider hw we want ur future with AI t pan ut. Such structured thinking, fllwed by glbal regulatin, will enable us t achieve greatness rather than ur dwnfall. (我们需要考虑我们希望人工智能的未来如何发展。这种结构化的思维，加上全球监管，将使我们走向伟大，而不是走向衰败)”可知，坎贝尔敦促人们保持对人工智能的控制，考虑人工智能的未来应如何发展，所以关于人工智能的发展，坎贝尔敦促人们共同努力将其控制住。故选C项。
35. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Given the astnishing ptential f AI t transfrm ur lives, we all need t take actin t deal with ur AI-pwered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence cmes in. This absrbing new bk by Catrina Campbell is a practical radmap addressing the challenges psed by the frthcming AI revlutin (变革). (考虑到人工智能改变我们生活的惊人潜力，我们都需要采取行动来应对人工智能驱动的未来，这正是AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence的用武之地。卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔撰写的这本引人入胜的新书是一本实用的路线图，旨在应对即将到来的人工智能革命带来的挑战)”和文章最后一段“AI will affect us all, and if yu nly read ne bk n the subject, this is it. (人工智能将影响我们所有人，如果你只读一本关于这个主题的书，那就是这本书)”可知，本文主要介绍了Catrina Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence一书，该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐一本关于人工智能的书。故选A项。
3.【2024浙江1月卷】
The Stanfrd marshmallw (棉花糖) test was riginally cnducted by psychlgist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged fur t six at a nursery schl were placed in a rm. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed n a table. Each child was tld if they waited fr 15 minutes befre eating the treat, they wuld be given a secnd treat. Then they were left alne in the rm. Fllw-up studies with the children later in life shwed a cnnect in between an ability t wait lng enugh t btain a secnd treat and varius frms f success.
As adults we face a versin f the marshmallw test every day. We’ re nt tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by ur cmputers, phnes, and tablets — all the devices that cnnect us t the glbal delivery system fr varius types f infrmatin that d t us what marshmallws d t preschlers.
We are tempted by sugary treats because ur ancestrs lived in a calrie-pr wrld, and ur brains develped a respnse mechanism t these treats that reflected their value — a feeling f reward and satisfactin. But as we’ve reshaped the wrld arund us, dramatically reducing the cst and effrt invlved in btaining calries, we still have the same brains we had thusands f years ag, and this mismatch is at the heart f why s many f us struggle t resist tempting fds that we knw we shuldn’t eat.
A similar prcess is at wrk in ur respnse t infrmatin. Our frmative envirnment as a species was infrmatin-pr, s ur brains develped a mechanism that prized new infrmatin. But glbal cnnectivity has greatly changed ur infrmatin envirnment. We are nw ceaselessly bmbarded (轰炸) with new infrmatin. Therefre, just as we need t be mre thughtful abut ur calric cnsumptin, we als need t be mre thughtful abut ur infrmatin cnsumptin, resisting the temptatin f the mental “junk fd” in rder t manage ur time mst effectively.
32. What did the children need t d t get a secnd treat in Mischel’s test?
A. Take an examinatin alne.
B. Shw respect fr the researchers.
C. Share their treats with thers.
D. Delay eating fr fifteen minutes.
33. Accrding t paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between ___________.
A. the calrie-pr wrld and ur gd appetites
B. the shrtage f sugar and ur nutritinal needs
C. the rich fd supply and ur unchanged brains
D. the tempting fds and ur effrts t keep fit
34. What des the authr suggest readers d?
A. Absrb new infrmatin readily.
B. Be selective infrmatin cnsumers.
C. Use diverse infrmatin surces.
D. Prtect the infrmatin envirnment.
35. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Eat Less, Read Mre
B. The Bitter Truth abut Early Humans
C. The Later, the Better
D. The Marshmallw Test fr Grwnups
【答案】32. D33. C34. B35. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。在信息化时代我们作为成年人每天都在面对棉花糖测试，信息轰炸让我们摄入了太多精神“垃圾食品”，文章对此进行了介绍。
32.细节理解题。根据第一段第四句“Each child was tld if they waited fr 15 minutes befre eating the treat, they wuld be given a secnd treat.(每个孩子都被告知，如果他们在吃之前等待15分钟，他们将得到第二次奖励。)”可知，在米歇尔的测试中，孩子们需要在吃之前等待15分钟才能得到第二次奖励。故选D。
33.细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“But as we’ve reshaped the wrld arund us, dramatically reducing the cst and effrt invlved in btaining calries, we still have the same brains we had thusands f years ag, and this mismatch is at the heart f why s many f us struggle t resist tempting fds that we knw we shuldn’t eat.(但是，当我们重塑了我们周围的世界，大大减少了获取卡路里的成本和努力时，我们的大脑仍然和几千年前一样，这种不匹配是我们这么多人努力抵抗我们知道不应该吃的诱人食物的核心原因。)”可知，根据第三段可知，丰富的食物供应和我们不曾改变的大脑之间存在不匹配。故选C。
34.细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Therefre, just as we need t be mre thughtful abut ur calric cnsumptin, we als need t be mre thughtful abut ur infrmatin cnsumptin, resisting the temptatin f the mental “junk fd” in rder t manage ur time mst effectively.(因此，就像我们需要更仔细地考虑我们的热量消耗一样，我们也需要更仔细地考虑我们的信息消耗，抵制精神“垃圾食品”的诱惑，以便最有效地管理我们的时间。)”可知，作者建议读者做有选择性的信息消费者。故选B。
35.主旨大意题。根据第二段“As adults we face a versin f the marshmallw test every day. We’ re nt tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by ur cmputers, phnes, and tablets — all the devices that cnnect us t the glbal delivery system fr varius types f infrmatin that d t us what marshmallws d t preschlers.(作为成年人，我们每天都要面对棉花糖测试。诱惑我们的不是甜食，而是我们的电脑、手机和平板电脑——所有这些将我们与全球信息传递系统连接起来的设备，它们对我们的作用就像棉花糖对学龄前儿童的作用一样。)”可知，文章主要是讲在信息化时代我们作为成年人每天都在面对棉花糖测试，信息轰炸让我们摄入了太多精神“垃圾食品”。故选D。
4.【2023新课标I卷】
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galtn published a paper which illustrated what has cme t be knwn as the “wisdm f crwds” effect. The experiment f estimatin he cnducted shwed that in sme cases, the average f a large number f independent estimates culd be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren’t always the same. Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and sme t underestimate. When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate. If peple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrs wn’t cancel each ther ut. In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. If fr whatever reasns, peple’s errrs becme crrelated r dependent, the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn.
But a new study led by Jaquin Navajas ffered an interesting twist (转折) n this classic phenmenn. The key finding f the study was that when crwds were further divided int smaller grups that were allwed t have a discussin, the averages frm these grups were mre accurate than thse frm an equal number f independent individuals. Fr instance, the average btained frm the estimates f fur discussin grups f five was significantly mre accurate than the average btained frm 20 independent individuals.
In a fllw-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried t get a better sense f what the grup members actually did in their discussin. Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abut their estimates? Did they fllw thse least willing t change their minds? This happened sme f the time, but it wasn’t the dminant respnse. Mst frequently, the grups reprted that they “shared arguments and reasned tgether.” Smehw, these arguments and reasning resulted in a glbal reductin in errr. Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus.
12. What is paragraph 2 f the text mainly abut?
A. The methds f estimatin.B. The underlying lgic f the effect.
C. The causes f peple’s errrs.D. The design f Galtn’s experiment.
13. Navajas’ study fund that the average accuracy culd increase even if ________.
A. the crwds were relatively smallB. there were ccasinal underestimates
C. individuals did nt cmmunicateD. estimates were nt fully independent
14. What did the fllw-up study fcus n?
A. The size f the grups.B. The dminant members.
C. The discussin prcess.D. The individual estimates.
15. What is the authr’s attitude tward Navajas’ studies?
A. Unclear.B. Dismissive.C. Dubtful.D. Apprving.
【答案】12. B13. D14. C15. D
【解析】本文是说明文。没有人是一座孤岛，文章陈述了“群体智慧”效应。实验表明，在某些情况下大量独立估计的平均值可能是相当准确的。
12.主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren’t always the same. Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and cme t underestimate. When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate. If peple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrs wn’t cancel each ther ut. In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. If fr whatever reasns, peple s errrs becme crrelated r dependent, the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn.(这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，或者低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生更准确的估计。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，估计的准确性就会下降。)”可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计，讨论了独立估计的平均如何由于误差的消除而导致更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。
13.细节理解题。根据第二段的“In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent.(从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。)”和第三段的“The key finding f the study was that when crwds were further divided int smaller grups that were allwed t have a discussin, the averages frm these grups were mre accurate than thse frm an equal number f independent individuals. Fr instance, the average btained frm the estimates f fur discussin grups f five was significantly mre accurate than the average btained frm 20 independent individuals.(这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。例如，从四个五人讨论组的估计中获得的平均值明显比从20个独立个体获得的平均值更准确。)”可知，人们在没有独立的情况下，分成更小群体，平均值是更准确的，说明即使在估计数字并非完全独立的情况下，准确率提高也是可以做到的。故选D。
14.推理判断题。根据第四段的“In a fllw-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried t get a better sense f what the grup members actually did in their discussin. Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abut their estimates? Did they fllw thse least willing t change their minds? (在一项针对100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为。他们是否倾向于选择那些对自己的估计最有信心的人？他们追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人吗？)”可知，在后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。结合两个问题，因此可知后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选C。
15.推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain, the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus.(尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。)”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选D。
5.【2022新课标I卷】
Human speech cntains mre than 2,000 different sunds, frm the cmmn “m” and “a” t the rare clicks f sme suthern African languages. But why are certain sunds mre cmmn than thers? A grund-breaking, five-year study shws that diet-related changes in human bite led t new speech sunds that are nw fund in half the wrld’s languages.
Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals, such as “f” and “v”, were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds. Nw a team f researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland, has fund hw and why this trend arse.
They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard t prduce labidentals, which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth. Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure (结构), making it easier t prduce such sunds.
The team shwed that this change in bite was cnnected with the develpment f agriculture in the Nelithic perid. Fd became easier t chew at this pint. The jawbne didn’t have t d as much wrk and s didn’t grw t be s large.
Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.
This research verturns the ppular view that all human speech sunds were present when human beings evlved arund 300,000 years ag. ”The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,” said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.
32. Which aspect f the human speech sund des Damián Blasi’s research fcus n?
A. Its variety.B. Its distributin.C. Its quantity.D. Its develpment.
33. Why was it difficult fr ancient human adults t prduce labidentals?
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lwer teeth.
B. They culd nt pen and clse their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were nt cnveniently structured.
D. Their lwer frnt teeth were nt large enugh.
34. What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A. Supprting evidence fr the research results.
B. Ptential applicatin f the research findings.
C. A further explanatin f the research methds.
D. A reasnable dubt abut the research prcess.
35. What des Steven Mran say abut the set f human speech sunds?
A. It is key t effective cmmunicatin.
B. It cntributes much t cultural diversity.
C. It is a cmplex and dynamic system.
D. It drives the evlutin f human beings.
【答案】32. D33. C34. A35. C
【解析】本篇是一篇说明文。主要介绍因为饮食的改变导致了现在在世界上一半的语言中发现了新的语音。
32. D。细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals, such as “f” and "v", were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds. Nw a team f researchers led by Damian Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland, has fund hw and why this trend arse.（30多年前，学者Charles Hckett注意到，被称为唇齿音的语音，如“f”和“v”，在吃软食物的社会的语言中更常见。现在，瑞士苏黎世大学的Damian Blasi领导的一组研究人员发现了这一趋势产生的方式和原因。）”可知Damian Blasi的研究重点是在语言的演变上。故选D。
33. C。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned，making it hard t prduce labidentals，which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth. Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure , making it easier t prduce such sunds.（他们发现，古人类的上门牙和下门牙是对齐的，因此很难产生唇齿音，唇齿音是通过下唇接触上牙齿而形成的。后来，我们的下颚变成了覆盖咬合结构，更容易发出这样的声音）”可知，因为古代成年人的下颚结构使他们很难发出唇齿音。故选C。
34. A。主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the s Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v”increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.（对语言数据库的分析也证实，在新石器时代之后，世界语言的发音发生了全球性的变化，在过去几千年里，“f”和“v”的使用显著增加。这些声音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然没有发现）”可知，第五段主要是通过列明数据分析结果来进一步证明研究结果。故选A。
35. C。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,” said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.（研究小组成员Steven Mran说:“自从人类出现以来，我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定，我们今天发现的各种语音都是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。”）”可知，Steven Mran认为语音是一个复杂的动态系统。故选C。
6.【2025全国一卷】
Micrplastics have becme a cmmn surce f pllutin acrss the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and n the Himalayas, stuck inside vlcanic rcks, filled the stmachs f seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snw. They are even appearing inside humans.
Nw, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level f micrplastics in water frm yur tap (水龙头): biling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Envirnmental Science & Technlgy Letters, researchers frm China fund that biling tap water fr just five minutes — then filtering it after it cls — culd remve at least 80 percent f its micrplastics.
Crucially, this prcess relies n the water cntaining enugh calcium carbnate (碳酸钙) t trap the plastics. In the study, biling hard water cntaining 300 milligrams f calcium carbnate led t an almst 90 percent drp in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams f calcium carbnate, biling reduced the level f plastics by just 25 percent. Additinally, the research didn’t include all types f plastics. The team fcused nly n three cmmn types — plystyrene, plyethylene and plyprpylene — and they didn’t study ther chemicals previusly fund in water such as vinyl chlride.
Still, the findings shw a ptential path frward fr reducing micrplastic expsure — a task that’s becming increasingly difficult. Even bttled water, scientists fund earlier this year, cntains 10 t 1,000 times mre micrplastics than riginally thught.
Scientists are still trying t determine hw harmful micrplastics are — but what they d knw has raised cncerns. The new study suggests biling tap water culd be a tl t limit intake. “The way they demnstrated hw micrplastics were trapped thrugh the biling prcess was nice,” Carline Gauchtte-Lindsay, an envirnmental engineer f the University f Glasgw in Sctland wh was nt invlved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We shuld be lking int upgrading drinking water treatment plants s they remve micrplastics.”
32. Hw des the authr present the issue in the first paragraph?
A. By quting an expert.B. By defining a cncept.
C. By giving examples.D. By prviding statistics.
33. What determines the effectiveness f trapping micrplastics in water?
A. The hardness f water.B. The length f cling time.
C The frequency f filtering.D. The type f plastic in water.
34. What des the authr try t illustrate by mentining bttled water in paragraph 4?
A. The imprtance f plastic recycling.B. The severity f the micrplastic prblem.
C. The danger in verusing pure water.D. The difficulty in treating plluted water.
35. What is Gauchtte-Lindsay’s suggestin abut?
A. Chice f new research methds.B. Pssible directin fr further study.
C. Need t invlve mre researchers.D. Ptential applicatin f the findings.
【答案】32. C 33. A 34. B 35. D
【解析】本文是说明文。介绍了一项关于减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究。微塑料污染已遍及全球，甚至进入人体。中国研究人员发现，将自来水煮沸五分钟并冷却后过滤。研究虽未涵盖所有塑料类型和化学物质，但揭示了一种潜在解决方案。苏格兰环境工程师指出，该研究展示了煮沸法的有效性，并建议升级饮用水处理厂以推广应用。
32.推理判断题。根据第一段内容“Micrplastics have becme a cmmn surce f pllutin acrss the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and n the Himalayas, stuck inside vlcanic rcks, filled the stmachs f seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snw. They are even appearing inside humans.(微塑料已经成为地球上常见的污染源——它们出现在在深海和喜马拉雅山上，被困在火山岩中，填满海鸟的胃，甚至落在南极的新雪中。它们甚至出现了在人类身体里。)”可推断，作者通过举例提出微塑料污染的问题。故选C。
33.细节理解题。根据第二段的“Crucially, this prcess relies n the water cntaining enugh calcium carbnate (碳酸钙) t trap the plastics. In the study, biling hard water cntaining 300 milligrams f calcium carbnate led t an almst 90 percent drp in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams f calcium carbnate, biling reduced the level f plastics by just 25 percent.( 至关重要的是，这一过程依赖于含有足够碳酸钙的水来捕获塑料。在这项研究中，将含有300毫克碳酸钙的硬水煮沸后，塑料含量下降了近90%。但在碳酸钙含量低于60毫克的样品中，煮沸只降低了25%的塑料含量。)”可知，决定在水中捕获微塑料的有效性的事水的硬度。故选A。
34.推理判断题。根据第四段的“Still, the findings shw a ptential path frward fr reducing micrplastic expsure — a task that’s becming increasingly diffcult. Even bttled water, scientists fund earlier this year, cntains 10 t 1,000 times mre micrplastics than riginally thught.( 尽管如此，研究结果显示了减少微塑料接触的潜在途径——这一任务正变得越来越困难。今年早些时候，科学家们发现，即使是瓶装水，其微塑料含量也比原先想象的高出10到1000倍。)”可推断，作者提到瓶装水是为了说明微塑料污染的严重性。故选B。
35.细节理解题。根据最后一段的““The way they demnstrated hw micrplastics were trapped thrugh the biling prcess was nice,” Carline Gauchtte-Lindsay, an envirnmental engineer f the University f Glasgw in Sctland wh was nt invlved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We shuld be lking int upgrading drinking water treatment plants s they remve micrplastics.”( 格兰格拉斯哥大学的环境工程师卡罗琳•高肖特-林赛（Carline Gauchtte-Lindsay）没有参与这项研究，她告诉《新科学家》杂志：“他们展示的微塑料是如何通过煮沸过程被捕获的方式很好。”“我们应该考虑升级饮用水处理厂，这样它们就能去除微塑料。”)”可知，Gauchtte-Lindsay提出了这项发现的潜在应用，升级饮用水处理厂。故选D。
7.【2024新课标I卷】
In the race t dcument the species n Earth befre they g extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have cllected billins f recrds. Tday, mst recrds f bidiversity are ften in the frm f phts, vides, and ther digital recrds. Thugh they are useful fr detecting shifts in the number and variety f species in an area, a new Stanfrd study has fund that this type f recrd is nt perfect.
“With the rise f technlgy it is easy fr peple t make bservatins f different species with the aid f a mbile applicatin,” said Barnabas Daru, wh is lead authr f the study and assistant prfessr f bilgy in the Stanfrd Schl f Humanities and Sciences. “These bservatins nw utnumber the primary data that cmes frm physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using bservatinal data t investigate hw species are respnding t glbal change, I wanted t knw: Are they usable?”
Using a glbal dataset f 1.9 billin recrds f plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested hw well these data represent actual glbal bidiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in explring the aspects f sampling that tend t bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihd f a citizen scientist t take a picture f a flwering plant instead f the grass right next t it,” said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number f bservatin-nly recrds did nt lead t better glbal cverage. Mrever, these data are biased and favr certain regins, time perids, and species. This makes sense because the peple wh get bservatinal bidiversity data n mbile devices are ften citizen scientists recrding their encunters with species in areas nearby. These data are als biased tward certain species with attractive r eye-catching features.
What can we d with the imperfect datasets f bidiversity?
“Quite a lt,” Daru explained. “Bidiversity apps can use ur study results t infrm users f versampled areas and lead them t places – and even species – that are nt well-sampled. T imprve the quality f bservatinal data, bidiversity apps can als encurage users t have an expert cnfirm the identificatin f their upladed image.”
32. What d we knw abut the recrds f species cllected nw?
A. They are becming utdated.B. They are mstly in electrnic frm.
C. They are limited in number.D. They are used fr public exhibitin.
33. What des Daru’s study fcus n?
A. Threatened species.B. Physical specimens.
C. Observatinal data.D. Mbile applicatins.
34. What has led t the biases accrding t the study?
A. Mistakes in data analysis.B. Pr quality f upladed pictures.
C. Imprper way f sampling.D. Unreliable data cllectin devices.
35. What is Daru’s suggestin fr bidiversity apps?
A. Review data frm certain areas. B. Hire experts t check the recrds.
C. Cnfirm the identity f the users.D. Give guidance t citizen scientists.
【答案】32. B 33. C 34. C 35. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，数字生物多样性记录存在偏见，建议应用程序引导公民科学家获取更好的数据。
32.细节理解题。根据第一段“Tday, mst recrds f bidiversity are ften in the frm f phts, vides, and ther digital recrds. (今天，大多数生物多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式出现。)”可知，现在收集的物种记录大多是以电子形式存在的。故选B。
33.细节理解题。根据第二段“These bservatins nw utnumber the primary data that cmes frm physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using bservatinal data t investigate hw species are respnding t glbal change, I wanted t knw: Are they usable? (这些观察结果现在超过了来自物理标本的原始数据，而且由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：它们有用吗?)”和第四段““We were particularly interested in explring the aspects f sampling that tend t bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihd f a citizen scientist t take a picture f a flwering plant instead f the grass right next t it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”可知，Daru的研究聚焦于观察数据，即人们通过移动应用记录的物种观察数据。故选C。
34.细节理解题。根据第四段““We were particularly interested in explring the aspects f sampling that tend t bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihd f a citizen scientist t take a picture f a flwering plant instead f the grass right next t it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”以及第五段“This makes sense because the peple wh get bservatinal bidiversity data n mbile devices are ften citizen scientists recrding their encunters with species in areas nearby.( 这是有道理的，因为在移动设备上获得观察生物多样性数据的人通常是公民科学家，他们记录了他们在附近地区与物种的接触。)”可知，导致数据偏差的原因是采样方式的不当。故选C。
35.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Bidiversity apps can use ur study results t infrm users f versampled areas and lead them t places — and even species — that are nt well-sampled. T imprve the quality f bservatinal data, bidiversity apps can als encurage users t have an expert cnfirm the identificatin f their upladed image. (生物多样性应用程序可以使用我们的研究结果来告知用户样本过多的地区，并将他们引导到样本不足的地方，甚至是物种。为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图像的身份。)”可知，Daru 建议生物多样性应用应该给公民科学家提供指导。故选D。
8.【2023新课标II卷】
As cities balln with grwth, access t nature fr peple living in urban areas is becming harder t find. If yu’re lucky, there might be a pcket park near where yu live, but it’s unusual t find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has fund health and wellness benefits f nature fr humans, but a new study shws that wildness in urban areas is extremely imprtant fr human well-being.
The research team fcused n a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-gers, asking them t submit a written summary nline f a meaningful interactin they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissins, cding (编码) experiences int different categries. Fr example, ne participant’s experience f “We sat and listened t the waves at the beach fr a while” was assigned the categries “sitting at beach” and “listening t waves.”
Acrss the 320 submissins, a pattern f categries the researchers call a “nature language” began t emerge. After the cding f all submissins, half a dzen categries were nted mst ften as imprtant t visitrs. These include encuntering wildlife, walking alng the edge f water, and fllwing an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps peple recgnize and take part in the activities that are mst satisfying and meaningful t them. Fr example, the experience f walking alng the edge f water might be satisfying fr a yung prfessinal n a weekend hike in the park. Back dwntwn during a wrkday, they can enjy a mre dmestic frm f this interactin by walking alng a funtain n their lunch break.
“We’re trying t generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactins back int ur daily lives. And fr that t happen, we als need t prtect nature s that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senir authr f the study.
12. What phenmenn des the authr describe at the beginning f the text?
A. Pcket parks are nw ppular.
B. Wild nature is hard t find in cities.
C. Many cities are verppulated.
D. Peple enjy living clse t nature.
13. Why did the researchers cde participant submissins int categries?
A. T cmpare different types f park-gers.
B. T explain why the park attracts turists.
C. T analyze the main features f the park.
D. T find patterns in the visitrs’ summaries.
14. What can we learn frm the example given in paragraph 5?
A. Walking is the best way t gain access t nature.
B. Yung peple are t busy t interact with nature.
C. The same nature experience takes different frms.
D. The nature language enhances wrk perfrmance.
15. What shuld be dne befre we can interact with nature accrding t Kahn?
A. Language study.
B. Envirnmental cnservatin.
C. Public educatin.
D. Intercultural cmmunicatin.
【答案】12. B13. D14. C15. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。城市化让人们越来越难以接触到自然，但一项新研究发现城市中的野生自然对人类健康和幸福感具有重要影响。研究团队对一座大型城市公园的游客进行调查，发现与野生自然的互动可以创造出一种可用的语言，帮助人们认识和参与最令人满意和有意义的活动。该研究呼吁保护城市中的野生自然。
12.细节理解题。根据第一段内容“As cities balln with grwth, access t nature fr peple living in urban areas is becming harder t find. If yu’re lucky, there might be a pcket park near where yu live, but it’s unusual t find places in a city that are relatively wild.(随着城市的飞速发展，生活在城市地区的人们越来越难以接近大自然。如果你幸运的话，你住的地方附近可能会有一个袖珍公园，但在城市里找到相对天然的地方是罕见的)”可知，文章开头作者讲述了一种现象，在城市里，人们很难找到野生的自然。故选B。
13.推理判断题。根据第三段的“They surveyed several hundred park-gers, asking them t submit a written summary nline f a meaningful interactin they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissins, cding (编码) experiences int different categries. (他们调查了数百名公园游客，要求他们在网上提交一份书面总结，描述他们在公园里与大自然有意义的互动。然后，研究人员检查了这些提交的信息，将体验分为不同的类别)”可知，研究人员按照公园游客提交的在公园里与大自然互动的活动把游客分类，再根据第四段“Acrss the 320 submissins, a pattern f categries the researchers call a “nature language” began t emerge. After the cding f all submissins, half a dzen categries were nted mst ften as imprtant t visitrs. (在这320份提交的作品中，一种被研究人员称为“自然语言”的分类模式开始出现。在对所有提交的内容进行编码后，有六个类别被认为对游客最重要)”可知，研究人员对参与者提交的内容进行了分类，以便在游客的总结中找到模式，并确定对游客最重要的自然体验。通过这样做，他们能够创造一种“自然语言”，帮助人们认识并参与对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动。选项D准确地反映了这一目的。故选D。
14.推理判断题。根据第五段内容“Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps peple recgnize and take part in the activities that are mst satisfying and meaningful t them. Fr example, the experience f walking alng the edge f water might be satisfying fr a yung prfessinal n a weekend hike in the park. Back dwntwn during a wrkday, they can enjy a mre dmestic frm f this interactin by walking alng a funtain n their lunch break. (命名每一种自然体验创造了一种可用的语言，这有助于人们认识并参与到对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动中。例如，沿着水边散步的经历可能会让一个年轻的专业人士在周末去公园徒步旅行时感到满意。在工作日回到市中心，他们可以在午休时沿着喷泉散步，享受一种更居家的互动方式)”可知，本段讲述了自然体验创造一种可用的语言，有助于人们识别并参与对自己来说最满意最有意义的活动，接下来以一个年轻的专业人士参与自然的方式举例说明，去公园时沿着水边散步让他感到满意，回到市中心工作时他可以通过沿着喷泉散步获得满足。因此推知，从第五段的例子中我们可以知道一样的自然体验可以呈现不同的形式。故选C。
15.推理判断题。根据最后一段““We’re trying t generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactins back int ur daily lives. And fr that t happen, we als need t prtect nature s that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senir authr f the study. (“我们正试图创造一种语言，帮助将人类与自然的互动带回我们的日常生活中。要做到这一点，我们还需要保护自然，这样我们才能与它互动，”该研究的资深作者彼得·卡恩说。)”可推断，彼得·卡恩认为在我们与大自然互动之前我们应该先要保护自然。故选B。
9.【2023全国甲卷】
Grizzly bears, which may grw t abut 2.5 m lng and weigh ver 400 kg, ccupy a cnflicted crner f the American psyche-we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the turists frm arund the wrld that fld int Yellwstne Natinal Park what they mst hpe t see, and their answer is ften the same: a grizzly bear.
“Grizzly bears are re-ccupying large areas f their frmer range,” says bear bilgist Chris Servheen. As grizzly bears expand their range int places where they haven’t been seen in a century r mre, they’re increasingly being sighted by humans.
The western half f the U.S. was full f grizzlies when Eurpeans came, with a rugh number f 50,000 r mre living alngside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after centuries f cruel and cntinuus hunting by settlers, 600 t 800 grizzlies remained n a mere 2 percent f their frmer range in the Nrthern Rckies. In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.
Tday, there are abut 2,000 r mre grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recvery has been s successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted t delist grizzlies, which wuld lsen legal prtectins and allw them t be hunted. Bth effrts were verturned due t lawsuits frm cnservatin grups. Fr nw, grizzlies remain listed.
Obviusly, if precautins (预防) aren’t taken, grizzlies can becme trublesme, smetimes killing farm animals r walking thrugh yards in search f fd. If peple remve fd and attractants frm their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by withut truble. Putting electric fencing arund chicken huses and ther farm animal quarters is als highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hpe is t have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass thrugh withut learning bad habits,“ says James Jnkel, lngtime bilgist wh manages bears in and arund Missula.
32. Hw d Americans lk at grizzlies?
A. They cause mixed feelings in peple.
B. They shuld be kept in natinal parks.
C. They are f high scientific value.
D. They are a symbl f American culture.
33. What has helped the increase f the grizzly ppulatin?
A. The Eurpean settlers’ behavir.
B. The expansin f bears’ range.
C. The prtectin by law since 1975.
D. The supprt f Native Americans.
34. What has stpped the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service frm delisting grizzlies?
A. The ppsitin f cnservatin grups.
B. The successful cmeback f grizzlies.
C. The vice f the bilgists.
D. The lcal farmers’ advcates.
35. What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A. Fd shuld be prvided fr grizzlies.
B. Peple can live in harmny with grizzlies.
C. A special path shuld be built fr grizzlies.
D. Technlgy can be intrduced t prtect grizzlies.
【答案】32. A 33. C 34. A 35. B
【解析】本文是说明文，讲述了美国灰熊从濒危物种恢复到2000多头，但也带来了一些问题。
32.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Grizzly bears, which may grw t abut 2.5 m lng and weigh ver 400 kg, ccupy a cnflicted crner f the American psyche-we revere them even as they give us frightening dreams. (灰熊可以长到2.5米长，体重超过400公斤，在美国人的心理中占据着一个矛盾的角落——即使它们给我们带来可怕的梦，我们也敬畏它们)”可知，美国人对灰熊既有害怕，又有敬畏，他们的情感是混合的。故选A项。
33.推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act. (1975年，灰熊被列入《濒危物种法》)”以及第四段“Tday, there are abut 2, 000 r mre grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recvery has been s successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted t delist grizzlies, which wuld lsen legal prtectins and allw them t be hunted. (如今，美国大约有2,000只或更多的灰熊。它们的恢复非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊从名单上除名，这将放松对灰熊的法律保护，允许它们被猎杀)”可推知，由于1975年起受法律保护，灰熊的数量有了增长。故选C项。
34.细节理解题。根据第四段中“Tday, there are abut 2,000 r mre grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recvery has been s successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted t delist grizzlies, which wuld lsen legal prtectins and allw them t be hunted. Bth effrts were verturned due t lawsuits frm cnservatin grups. Fr nw, grizzlies remain listed. (如今，美国大约有2,000只或更多的灰熊。它们的恢复非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊从名单上除名，这将放松对灰熊的法律保护，允许它们被猎杀。由于环保组织的诉讼，这两项努力都被推翻了。目前，灰熊仍在名单上)”可知，是环保组织的的反对阻止了美国鱼类和野生动物管理局将灰熊从濒危物种名单上除名。故选A项。
35.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Obviusly, if precautins aren’t taken, grizzlies can becme trublesme, smetimes killing farm animals r walking thrugh yards in search f fd. If peple remve fd and attractants frm their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by withut truble. Putting electric fencing arund chicken huses and ther farm animal quarters is als highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hpe is t have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass thrugh withut learning bad habits,“ says James Jnkel, lngtime bilgist wh manages bears in and arund Missula. (显然，如果不采取预防措施，灰熊会变得很麻烦，有时会杀死农场动物，或者在院子里寻找食物。如果人们把食物和引诱剂从他们的院子和露营地移走，灰熊通常会安然通过。在鸡舍和其他农场动物生活区周围设置电动围栏也能有效地赶走灰熊。“我们希望有一个干净，没有诱饵的地方，熊可以通过，而不会养成坏习惯，”詹姆斯·琼克尔说，他是一位长期管理米苏拉及其周围熊的生物学家)”可推知，灰熊数量增长，虽然会带来一些麻烦，但是如果采取一些预防措施，人和灰熊可以和谐相处。故选B项。
10.【2023浙江1月卷】
Accrding t the Slar Energy Industry Assciatin, the number f slar panels installed(安装)has grwn rapidly in the past decade, and it has t grw even faster t meet climate gals. But all f that grwth will take up a lt f space, and thugh mre and mre peple accept the cncept f slar energy, few like large slar panels t be installed near them.
Slar develpers want t put up panels as quickly and cheaply as pssible, s they haven’t given much thught t what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stnes and using chemicals t cntrl weeds. The result is that many cmmunities, especially in farming regins, see slar farms as destryers f the sil.
“Slar prjects need t be gd neighbrs,” says Jrdan Macknick, the head f the Innvative Site Preparatin and Impact Reductins n the Envirnment(InSPIRE)prject. “They need t be prtectrs f the land and cntribute t the agricultural ecnmy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical appraches t “lw-impact” slar develpment, which fcuses n establishing and perating slar farms in a way that is kinder t the land. One f the easiest lw-impact slar strategies is prviding habitat fr pllinatrs(传粉昆虫).
Habitat lss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pllinatr ppulatins ver the past cuple f decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural ecnmy. Over 28 states have passed laws related t pllinatr habitat prtectin and pesticide use. Cnservatin rganizatins put ut pllinatr-friendliness guidelines fr hme gardens, businesses, schls, cities—and nw there are guidelines fr slar farms.
Over the past few years, many slar farm develpers have transfrmed the space under their slar panels int a shelter fr varius kinds f pllinatrs, resulting in sil imprvement and carbn reductin. “These pllinatr-friendly slar farms can have a valuable impact n everything that’s ging n in the landscape,” says Macknick.
32. What d slar develpers ften ignre?
A. The decline in the demand fr slar energy.
B. The negative impact f installing slar panels.
C. The rising labr cst f building slar farms.
D. The mst recent advances in slar technlgy.
33. What des InSPIRE aim t d?
A. Imprve the prductivity f lcal farms.
B. Invent new methds fr cntrlling weeds.
C. Make slar prjects envirnmentally friendly.
D. Prmte the use f slar energy in rural areas.
34. What is the purpse f the laws mentined in paragraph 4?
A. T cnserve pllinatrs.B. T restrict slar develpment.
C. T diversify the ecnmy.D. T ensure the supply f energy.
35. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Pllinatrs: T Leave r t StayB. Slar Energy: Hpe fr the Future
C. InSPIRE: A Leader in AgricultureD. Slar Farms: A New Develpment
【答案】32. B33. C34. A35. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是用一种更加友好的方式建立一种新型的太阳能农场，这种新型的农场更有利于保护各种传粉昆虫，从而促进农业的发展。
32.推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stnes and using chemicals t cntrl weeds. The result is that many cmmunities, especially in farming regins, see slar farms as destryers f the sil.(通常，他们最终会用小石头填满该地区，并使用化学物质来控制杂草。结果是，许多社区，特别是在农业地区，将太阳能农场视为土壤的破坏者。)”可知，太阳能开发者采用不环保的方式处理太阳能板安装后产生的问题，导致人们把太阳能农场看作是土壤的破坏者，由此可以推断，开发者在安装太阳能板后忽略了其带来的负面影响。故选B项。
33.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“InSPIRE is investigating practical appraches t “lw-impact” slar develpment, which fcuses n establishing and perating slar farms in a way that is kinder t the land.(InSPIRE正在研究“低影响”太阳能开发的实用方法，其重点是以对土地更友好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场。)”可知，InSPIRE采用有好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场，也就是使得太阳能农场更加环保。故选C项。
34.细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Over 28 states have passed laws related t pllinatr habitat prtectin and pesticide use.(超过28个州通过了与传粉媒介栖息地保护和农药使用有关的法律。)”可知，这些法律都是与保护传粉者栖息地和农药使用相关，所以这些法律的目的是保护授粉者。故选A项。
35.主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“Over the past few years, many slar farm develpers have transfrmed the space under their slar panels int a shelter fr varius kinds f pllinatrs, resulting in sil imprvement and carbn reductin.(在过去的几年里，许多太阳能农场开发商将太阳能电池板下的空间改造成各种传粉媒介的庇护所，从而改善了土壤并减少了碳排放。)”可知，现在的太阳能农场在过去的几年里已经得到了很大的发展，更重要的是太阳能农场也变得更加的环保，这将是未来发展农业的新趋势，再结合全文对太阳农场的发展过程的介绍可以判断，本文主题是介绍太阳能农场。故选D项。
11.【2020全国I卷】
The cnnectin between peple and plants has lng been the subject f scientific research. Recent studies have fund psitive effects. A study cnducted in Yungstwn, Ohi, fr example, discvered that greener areas f the city experienced less crime. In anther，emplyees were shwn t be 15% mre prductive when their wrkplaces were decrated with huseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy (MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual cmpsitin f plants in rder t get them t perfrm diverse, even unusual functins. These include plants that have sensrs printed nt their leaves t shw when they’re shrt f water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in grundwater. “We’re thinking abut hw we can engineer plants t replace functins f the things that we use every day,”explained Michael Stran, a prfessr f chemical engineering at MIT.
One f his latest prjects has been t make plants grw(发光) in experiments using sme cmmn vegetables. Stran’s team fund that they culd create a faint light fr three-and-a-half hurs. The light，abut ne-thusandth f the amunt needed t read by, is just a start. The technlgy, Stran said, culd ne day be used t light the rms r even t turn tree int self-pwered street lamps.
In the future, the team hpes t develp a versin f the technlgy that can be sprayed nt plant leaves in a ne-ff treatment that wuld last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are als trying t develp an n and ff＂switch＂where the glw wuld fade when expsed t daylight.
Lighting accunts fr abut 7% f the ttal electricity cnsumed in the US. Since lighting is ften far remved frm the pwer surce(电源) —such as the distance frm a pwer plant t street lamps n a remte highway-a lt f energy is lst during transmissin(传输).
Glwing plants culd reduce this distance and therefre help save energy.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. A new study f different plants.
B. A big fall in crime rates.
C. Emplyees frm varius wrkplaces.
D. Benefits frm green plants.
33. What is the functin f the sensrs printed n plant leaves by MIT engineer?
A. T detect plants’ lack f water.
B. T change cmpsitins f plants.
C. T make the life f plants lnger.
D. T test chemicals in plants.
34. What can we expect f the glwing plants in the future?
A. They will speed up energy prductin.
B. They may transmit electricity t the hme.
C. They might help reduce energy cnsumptin.
D. They culd take the place f pwer plants.
35. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. Can we grw mre glwing plants?
B. Hw d we live with glwing plants?
C. Culd glwing plants replace lamps?
D. Hw are glwing plants made pllutin-free?
【答案】32-35 DACC
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物。文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。
32. D。主旨大意题。根据第一段中A study cnducted in Yungstwn, Ohi, fr example ,discvered that greener areas f the city experienced less crime. In anther, emplyees were shwn t be 15% mre prductive when their wrkplaces were decrated with huseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效率会提高15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是关于绿色植物的益处。
33. A。细节理解题。根据第二段中These include plants that have sensrs printed n their leaves t shw when they're shrt f water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in grundwater.可知这就包括叶子上印有传感器来显示植物缺水的情况的植物，还有一种植物可以检测到地下水中的有害化学物质。由此可知，麻省理工学院工程师植物叶片上印上传感器的作用是检测植物缺水的情况。
34. C。细节理解题。根据最后一段中Glwing plants culd reduce this distance and therefre help save energy.可知发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。由此可知，这种发光的植物在未来可能有助于减少能源消耗。
35. C。主旨大意题。根据最后一段中Lighting accunts fr abut 7%f the ttal electricity cnsumed in the US. Since lighting is ften far remved frm the pwer surce-such as the distance frm a pwer plant t street lamps n a remte highway-a lt f energy is lst during transmissin. Glwing plants culd reduce this distance and therefre help save energy.可知照明约占美国总耗电量的7%。由于照明通常远离电源，例如从发电厂到偏僻公路上路灯的距离，在传输过程中会损失大量能源。发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。结合文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物，文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。由此可知，C选项“发光的植物能取代路灯吗？”最符合文章标题。
年份
卷次
主题语境
字数
题型分类
细节理解
推理判断
主旨大意
词义猜测
2025年
2025全国一卷
D减少自来水中微塑料
330+135
2
2
0
0
2025全国二卷
D餐厅创意改造被丢弃食材
334+135
1
2
1
0
C室内植物利于身心
264+126
2
1
1
0
2025浙江1月卷
C矩阵式种植方法
299+121
1
1
1
1
2024年
2024·新高考I卷
C篇：人与社会：纸质阅读与数字阅读在学习效果上的差异
323+160
1
2
0
1
D篇：人与自然：现代生物采样数据的科学性
366+122
1
3
0
0
2024·新高考II卷
B篇：人与社会：：旧金山湾区快速交通引入短篇故事自助服务亭
276+126
2
2
0
0
C篇：人与社会：巴比伦微农场
272+125
2
1
1
0
D篇：人与社会：图书《人工智能设计:与人工智能共生的计划》
321+160
0
3
0
1
2024·全国甲卷
B篇：人与自然：了解猫的行为
312+124
1
1
1
1
C篇：人与社会：提供医疗服务的圣卢卡斯列车
282+111
1
3
0
0
D篇：人与社会：谈论文学作品的最佳结局
351+146
1
3
0
0
2024·浙江卷1月卷
人与自我：儿童棉花糖实验引发思考
340+149
1
1
1
0
2023年
2023·新高考I卷
C篇：人与社会：数字极简主义生活方式
322+ 107
1
2
0
1
D篇：人与社会：“群体智慧”效
339+112
1
2
1
0
2023·新高考 = 2 \* ROMAN II卷
人与自然：保护城市中的野生自然
320+156
1
3
0
0
2023·全国甲卷
人与自然：美国灰熊从濒危物种恢复到2000多头
321+149
2
2
0
0
2023·全国乙卷
人与社会：英国烹饪节目的影响
295+103
2
2
0
0
2023·浙江卷
人与社会：新型的太阳能农场
317+149
2
1
1
0
Para1研究背景（问题）
mst recrds f bidiversity are ften in the frm f digital recrds；nt perfect大多数生物多样性记录通常以数字记录的形式存在，但并非完美
Para2研究原因
Observatinal data，Are they usable?Daru想知道这种观测数据是否有用。
Para3过程与方法
Using a glbal dataset Daru和他的团队使用了一个全球数据集进行测试
Para4-5结论与解释
the large number f bservatin-nly recrds are biased and favr certain regins, time perids, and species.大量的仅观察记录有失偏颇，倾向于于某些地区、时间段和物种。
Para6-8研究前景
Bidiversity apps；infrm users利用生物多样性应用程序引导用户
Para 1——Prblem
As new technlgies take n increasingly humanlike qualities, there’s been a push t make them genderless. 随着新技术越来越像人类，人们一直在推动它们变得无性别。
Para2——finding（研究发现）1
gender increased users’ feelings f attachment t these devices and their interest in purchasing them.性别增加了用户对这些设备的依恋感和购买兴趣。
Para 3——Analysis
While gendering a prduct may be gd marketing, it may als strengthen utdated r harmful ideas abut pwer and identity.虽然给产品性别化可能是好的营销，但它也可能强化过时或有害的权力和身份观念。
Para 4——finding（研究发现）2
creating a genderless bject was difficult 创建无性别的对象很困难
Para 5——slutin
anthrpmrphism (拟人化) “prvides an pprtunity t change steretypes.“拟人化”提供了一个改变刻板印象的机会。
Para 1——feeling（感受）
yur sul die a little every time yu thrw away unused fd（浪费食物的感受）
Para2——slutin（方法）1
ne ppular New Yrk City restaurant tried a different way: It changed its menu t exclusively (专门) ffer fd that wuld therwise be thrwn away.纽约一家很受欢迎的餐厅尝试了一种不同的方式：它改变了菜单，只提供本来会被扔掉的食物。
Para 3-5 ——slutin（方法）2
wastED slved the prblem successfully wastED成功解决了这个问题
Para 6——evaluatin
creating a genderless bject was difficult 创建无性别的对象很困难