高考英语二轮讲义-阅读理解（阅读C篇）（核心考点精讲精练）（全国通用）（教师版）

这是一份高考英语二轮讲义-阅读理解（阅读C篇）（核心考点精讲精练）（全国通用）（教师版），共117页。试卷主要包含了 高考真题考点分布， 命题规律及备考策略等内容，欢迎下载使用。
本资料注重培优，集中强化重点，突破难度，规避易混易错点，练习全部是26年新模拟题
1. 高考真题考点分布
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
高考普通说明文的考查主要出现在C篇有时还有B篇。通过观察C篇各个问题的信息句，命题老师的命题点通常位于：主题句（话题句、总结句）、承上启下句、转折（对比／因果／递进／解释／并列／条件）句中，此外比较常见的还有定语从句（状语、同位语、特殊句式）、举例项、引用、特殊标点后。
因此在阅读时，需要额外关注这些点位的句子，便于解题时快速、有效定位。
在解题时，充分利用语篇标志词，利用句子内部、句子之间的逻辑关系和语法关系。
说明文采用多种方式说明事物，如举例、分类法或类比、对比法，给事物下定义或分析事物产生的原因以及后果。
☞ 举例说明法，使用例子说明事物，阐明观点；
☞ 分解展开法，着重于事物的区别、差异；
☞ 分类展开法，强调事物的相像之处；
☞ 类比法，说明事物如何相似；
☞ 对比法，说明事物如何不同；
☞ 因果说明法，说明事物发生的原因及结果。
除了用文字说明以外，说明文中常使用数据，图片等资料。无论采用什么说明方法，作者都是为了说明事物的本质特征、清晰地展现所说明的事物。因此，阅读说明文的关键是：抓住事物特点，即抓住说明对象的本质特征。
【备考策略】
= 1 \* GB2 ⑴快速浏览主题
快速浏览加粗字体的标题、小标题或加下划线的语句等最重要的信息，以了解语篇提供的是哪方面的信息，并判定行文方式。
= 2 \* GB2 ⑵速读题干，跳读定位信息
接下来阅读每一道试题，根据题干定位信息点，并在文章中找出答案或相关信息。在定位和寻找信息点的时候，可以充分利用加粗字体的标题、小标题、加下划线的语句等重要信息提高阅读和解题速度，如果每则信息的项目及其位置具有一致性和对应性，就可利用其一致性和对应性快速查找答案，查找信息时不一定要读完全文。
①对立选项通常选其一，相同意思选项同时排除；
②若该题精确定位在第二段，则精确对应在其他段落的选项再精确也不对；
③非常符合常识及人们潜意识的选项若原文没有正面回应或谈及则不是答案；
= 3 \* GB2 ⑶题文对应
说明文答题有一个基本原则，答案往往就在原材料中。为此，必须根据题意，从原材料中找出与各个选项相对应的句段，并从这些句段中提取有效信息，找准已知条件，作为解题的依据。这是答题的关键。
④选项与文中某处信息极为对应但其谓语动词已被偷梁换柱则不是答案；
⑤文中不同句子内容的拼凑一定不是答案；
⑥极端选项通常不是答案，除非文中有明显的对应词；
⑦过于笼统的选项只是与文章相关通常不是答案，同理，文中的细节以点概面通常也非答案；
= 4 \* GB2 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑷细读解题信息
最后，即紧扣题干的要求，根据查找的相关信息，经过思考后选出正确答案。
⑧由文中某处信息推理得出的若干个可能情况的相关选项通常不是答案；
⑨定位处信息要尤为注意形容词、副词、语气词及动词；
⑩细节题的考察一定注意出题人问的角度：是问细节本身还是细节在文中的作用（例子数据名言等）。
= 5 \* GB2 ⑸逐项比较，得出最佳
做阅读理解题，切不可凭主观印象，想当然地确定答案。任何一道题目，均可以在原文中找到相关线索，这就如同破译密码一样。做题人的思维过程和编题人的思维过程恰好相反，编题人先找好线索，然后设计问题和选项，解题人根据问题，再去文中找相关线索。因此，我们做题时要逐项比较，排除错误选项，得出最佳答案。
【命题预测】
从近三年命题的发展趋势来看，预测2026年高考说明文阅读理解试题难度会保持相对稳定，主要考查题型仍然为细节理解题和推理判断题为主，主旨大意题和词义猜测题为辅。
【必备基础知识】
一、【语篇特点】
普通说明文阅读理解一般作为全国卷阅谈理解中的C篇，以介绍说明型为主。说明文是对事物的形状，性质，特征，成果或公用等进行介绍，解释或阐述的文章，把我所说明事物的特征和本质是理解说明文的关键，说明事物特征的方法很多，主要有定义法，解释法，比较法，比喻法，数字法，图标法，引用法和距离法等。说明文的特点是客观、简洁、准确、清晰，文章很少表达作者的情感倾向。阅读说明文的重点在于读懂它说明的事物或事理，了解事物的性质、结构、形成原因、功能；了解事物的意义和特征等。
二、【解题策略】
1. 首先要注意一定要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知，遵循“词不离句，句不离段，段不离篇”的原则。千万不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。
2. 要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。有的推断，考生完全可以根据文章中所阐述的细节，再结合自己所掌握的基础知识、有关背景知识或常识来帮助进行分析、推敲，从而得出符合文章原意的结论。
3. 要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表及里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合、判断等，进行深层处理，合乎逻辑地推理。不能就事论事，断章取义，以偏概全。
4. 要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构，同时还要体会文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展方向，悟出作者的言外之意。
5. 在解答推理性问题时，一定要注意确定推理依据的位置或范围。应清楚所要解答的问题需要针对某个细节进行推断，还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。针对细节的推断可运用scanning的方法，迅速在材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围，然后再进行推理判断。针对主题思想作推断时，则常常要纵览全篇文章。
考点一 普通说明文中的细节理解题
一、细节理解题方法
题型特点：考查对文章中具体信息的理解，如时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果等。问题通常以“wh”“what”“when”“where”“why”“hw”等疑问词引导。
解题技巧：
先看题干，明确题目要求，确定关键词。关键词可以是人名、地名、时间、数字、核心名词等。
根据关键词在文中快速定位相关信息，仔细阅读定位处的上下文，与选项进行逐一对比。注意选项与原文的表述可能存在同义替换、词性转换等情况。
对于一些较复杂的细节题，可能需要综合多个段落的信息来判断。
二、说明文中考查的细节理解题命题区域共同点：
1.在列举处命题。如用First（ly）、Secnd（ly）、Third（ly）、Finally、nt als、then、in additin 等表示顺承关系的词语列举出事实。试题要求考生从列举出的内容中选出符合题干要求的答案项。
2.在例证处命题。句中常用由as、such as、fr example、fr instance等引导的短语或句子作为例证，这些例句通过比喻就成为命题者设问的焦点。
3.在转折对比处命题。一般通过hwever、but、yet、in fact等词语来引导。对比用unlike、until、nt s 等词语引导，命题者常对用来对比的双方属性进行考查。
4.在比较处命题。无端的比较、相反的比较、偷换对象的比较，经常出现在干扰项中，考生要标记并且关注到原文中的比较，才能顺利地排除干扰。
5.在复杂句中命题。包括同位语、插入语、定语、从句、不定式等，命题者主要考查考生对句子之间的指代关系和语法关系的理解。
细节类问题一般都能在原文中找到出处，只要仔细就可以在文中找到答案。但正确的选择项不可能与阅读材料的原文完全相同，而是用不同的语句来表达相同的意思。
1.（2025全国二卷）
When Snja Detrinidad pened her nline shp selling huseplants, she didn’t have high hpes fr it. But the ppsite happened: She was flded, shipping ut 1,200 rders in June f 2020 alne. In the past year, Detrinidad sent ut mre than 70,000 plants. Her success is just ne example f increased time at hme leading t an explsin in the huseplant industry.
“Plants are in fashin right nw,” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher frm the University f Flrida. “Peple wh live in plant-rich envirnments reprt a higher life satisfactin rating, ” she says. “Adding mre nature t ur envirnment can change ur md and hw we think.” Plants can imprve ur state f mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing ur level f crtisl, the stress hrmne (激素) in ur bdy.
“Students wh are arund plants perfrm better academically than students wh are in a classrm withut plants,” says Knuth. “This prductivity als translates int the wrkplace fr adults. Our study shwed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave fr peple wh were in plant-rich wrkplaces.”
……
28. Hw was Detrinidad’s business when it started?
A. It faced tugh cmpetitin.B. It suffered a great lss.
C. It gt lts f financial supprt.D. It went surprisingly well.
【思维过程】
●题干关键词→Hw→ when it started
●文章定位：题干同义表达pened→started；she didn’t have high hpes fr it转折关键词But，
She was flded, shipping ut 1,200 rders in June f 2020 alne（没想到完全出乎意料：光是2020年6月，她就接到了1200个订单。）→didn’t have high hpes fr it反义表达It went surprisingly well→D
●解析思维过程→didn’t have high hpes fr it→D. It went surprisingly well（反义表达）
●故选D
29. What is ne f Knuth’s findings abut plants?
A. They appeal mre t students.B. They purify the envirnment.
C. They raise the crtisl level.D. They enhance prductivity.
【思维过程】
●题干关键词→What→ Knuth’s findings
●文章定位：“Students wh are arund plants perfrm better academically than students wh are in a classrm withut plants,” says Knuth. “This prductivity als translates int the wrkplace fr adults. Our study shwed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave fr peple wh were in plant-rich wrkplaces.”
●解析思维过程→选项同义表达prductivity→prductivity（原词复现）；enhance→perfrm better（同义表达） →D. They enhance prductivity→D
●故选D
【答案】28. D 29. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过Detrinidad的创业经历和专家研究，说明室内植物对人们心理健康和工作效率的积极影响，以及近年来居家趋势推动了室内植物产业的发展。
28.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When Snja Detrinidad pened her nline shp selling huseplants, she didn’t have high hpes fr it. But the ppsite happened: She was flded, shipping ut 1,200 rders in June f 2020 alne. (当Snja Detrinidad开设她的网店售卖室内植物时，她并没有抱太大的期望。但结果却恰恰相反：订单如潮水般涌来，仅在2020年6月就寄出了1200份订单)”可知，Snja Detrinidad刚开始开网店卖室内植物时，并没有抱太大希望，但实际情况是订单很多，生意出奇地好。故选D。
29.细节理解题。根据第三段中的““Students wh are arund plants perfrm better academically than students wh are in a classrm withut plants,” says Knuth. “This prductivity als translates int the wrkplace fr adults. Our study shwed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave fr peple wh were in plant-rich wrkplaces.”(Knuth表示：“身处植物周围的学生，其学业表现比在没有植物的教室里的学生更出色。这种效率提升同样适用于成年人的工作场合。我们的研究显示，在植物丰富的工作环境中，人们的病假率降低了 30%。”)”可知，Knuth的研究发现，接触植物的学生学业表现更好，成年人在植物丰富的工作环境中生产率提高，病假率降低，因此，“植物能提升生产率”是她的发现之一。故选D。
1.（2026·云南三校高三备考实用性8月联考卷（二））C篇 Tipping has lng been a widely accepted scial nrm in Nrth America. But nw mre and mre peple are feeling tip fatigue frm being “frced” t tip mre frequently.
Sme cnsumers are psting n scial media cmplaining abut tip requests at restaurants. Others say they’re tired f being asked t leave a tip fr a simple cup f cffee. What’s next, they wnder — are we ging t be tipping ur dctrs and dentists, t?
As mre businesses start t include digital frms f payment, custmers are autmatically being asked t leave a tip — many times as high as 30% — at places they nrmally wuldn’t. And sme say it has becme mre frustrating as the price f items has skyrcketed due t inflatin (通货膨胀).
The digital requests can prduce scial pressure and are mre difficult t avid. In the past, shppers culd easily ignre tip jars if they didn’t have any spare change. Nwadays, yur genersity — r lack f it — can be laid bare fr anyne clse enugh t glance at the screen — including the wrkers themselves.
Tipping was brn in the Middle Ages in Eurpe, a custm where servants wuld receive an extra tip frm their masters fr excellent perfrmance. Tips were left in Eurpean pubs t ensure quick and gd service. Wealthy Americans discvered the traditin fr themselves in the 1850s and 1860s and they brught it back t the states as a way t feel nble.
Traditinally, cnsumers have taken pride in being gd tippers at places like restaurants, which typically pay their wrkers lwer than the minimum wage. But many cnsumers are nw feeling annyed by autmatic tip requests at cffee shps and ther cunter service eateries where tipping has nt typically been expected.
The pandemic has als sped up the trend twards mre tipping. Michael Lynn, a cnsumer behavir prfessr, said cnsumers were mre generus with tips during the early days f the COVID-19 pandemic. They were shwing supprt fr wrkers wh held jbs that put them mre at risk f catching the virus.
Tips at full-service restaurants grew by 25.3% in the third quarter f 2022, while tips at quick r cunter service restaurants went up 16.7% cmpared t the same time perid in 2021, accrding t data. This data shws that this same perid has been experiencing cntinuus grwth since 2019.
8．Which f the fllwing is a reasn why many cnsumers are feeling tip fatigue?
A．Cnsumers ften have t pay tips fr sme simple services.
B．The inflatin culd prvide peple with mre chances t tip.
C．Cnsumers are wrried they have t tip dctrs in the future.
D．The digital frms f payment allw custmers t tip freely.
9．The digital frms f payment have ______.
A．made tipping less than a chice
B．decreased the frequency f tipping
C．reduced scial pressure related t tipping
D．remved the need fr tipping altgether
10．Why did wealthy Americans adpt the tipping traditin frm Eurpe?
A．T reward excellent perfrmance by peple.
B．T ensure quick and gd service in pubs.
C．T supprt wrkers during financial crises.
D．T shwcase that they are peple f high scial rank.
11．The last tw paragraphs mainly talk abut ______.
A．the histry and rigins f tipping in Eurpe and America
B．the influence f the COVID-19 epidemic n tipping trends
C．variatin in tipping habits in different types f restaurants
D．scial pressure and frustratin caused by digital tipping
【答案】8．A 9．A 10．D 11．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了欧美的小费日益增高，人们对此表现出小费厌倦。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“Others say they’re tired f being asked t leave a tip fr a simple cup f cffee. (其他人说，他们厌倦了被要求为简单的一杯咖啡留下小费。)”可知，消费者经常要为一些简单的服务付小费。故选A。
9．细节理解题。根据第四段“The digital requests can prduce scial pressure and are mre difficult t avid. In the past, shppers culd easily ignre tip jars if they didn’t have any spare change. Nwadays, yur genersity — r lack f it — can be laid bare fr anyne clse enugh t glance at the screen — including the wrkers themselves. (数字请求会产生社会压力，更难避免。过去，如果购物者没有多余的零钱，他们可以很容易地忽略小费。如今，你的慷慨——或缺乏慷慨——可以暴露给任何靠近屏幕的人，包括工人自己。)”可知，在电子支付盛行的今天，是否慷慨 (给的小费金额)，赤裸裸地展示在屏幕上，任何可以看到屏幕的人都知道，并无隐私而言，而是带有一定的强制性。故选A。
10．推理判断题。根据第五段“Wealthy Americans discvered the traditin fr themselves in the 1850s and 1860s and they brught it back t the states as a way t feel nble. (19世纪五六十年代，富有的美国人自己发现了这一传统，并将其带回美国，作为一种彰显高贵的方式。)”可知，富有的美国人采用欧洲的小费传统是为了彰显他们高贵的身份。故选D。
11．主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“The pandemic has als sped up the trend twards mre tipping. Michael Lynn, a cnsumer behavir prfessr, said cnsumers were mre generus with tips during the early days f the COVID-19 pandemic. (疫情也加速了更多小费的趋势。消费者行为教授迈克尔·林恩表示，在新冠疫情初期，消费者给的小费更多。)”以及最后一段“Tips at full-service restaurants grew by 25.3% in the third quarter f 2022, while tips at quick r cunter service restaurants went up 16.7% cmpared t the same time perid in 2021, accrding t data. This data shws that this same perid has been experiencing cntinuus grwth since 2019. (数据显示，2022年第三季度，全服务餐厅的小费增长了25.3%，而快速或柜台服务餐厅的小费与2021年同期相比增长了16.7%。这些数据表明，自2019年以来，这一时期一直在持续增长。)”可知，最后两段主要讲述了新冠疫情对小费趋势的影响。故选B。
2.（2026·安徽省蚌埠市高三上学期开学）C篇If yu’re the kind f persn wh gets a lt dne, yu’re grateful fr every ne f the 86,400 secnds that make up a day. On July 9, hwever, as well as n July 22, and August 5, yu wn’t get yur full cmplement f secnds. On these days the Earth will be measurably speeding up its rtatin (旋转), shaving frm 1.3 t 1.5 millisecnds ff f the usual 24 hurs the typical day gets.
The likeliest cause is the psitin f the mn. Lunar distance is an always-changing thing, with the mn tracing an elliptical(椭圆的) rbit arund the Earth. At its clsest apprach—r perigee—the mn is nly 224,000 miles distant. At its furthest—r apgee—that gap widens t 251,655 miles. On the three speedy days this summer, the mn will be at r near apgee—which is a puzzle, since lunar gravity is such that the Earth tends t slw dwn, nt speed up, when the mn is farther away.
The mn’s rbit is nt nly elliptical, hwever, but cckeyed(倾斜的) t, angled anywhere frm 18° t 28° relative t the Earth’s equatr. The sharper that angle is the faster the Earth rbits, with lunar gravity in this case speeding things up, ffsetting the slwing effect that lunar apgee usually applies. On the three days in questin this summer, the mn will be clse t its 28° peak.
Climate change—again and seemingly always—may play a rle t. Last year, tw NASA-funded studies fund that since 2000, melting glaciers have caused the axis(轴) f the planet t shift by abut 30 ft, changing the speed f rtatin. The catch is, in this case the change causes the planet t decelerate, nt speed up—by abut 1.33 millisecnds per century.
Anyway, we dn’t need t lse sleep ver the slightly shrter days. The Earth and the mn have been ding their dance fr the better part f 4.5 billin years, and it’s always been a stable ne. Here’s betting they’ve gt a few billin mre years yet in their run.
8．What will happen n July 9, July 22, and August 5 accrding t the text?
A．Lunar distance will decrease greatly, changing hw time is measured.
B．The mn’s gravity will weaken, reducing Earth’s rtatin speed.
C．Climate change will speed up ice melting, affecting day length.
D．The Earth will rtate faster, making the day less than 24 hurs.
9．What mainly causes the phenmenn n thse days?
A．The speed f the mn’s rtatin.
B．The angle f the mn’s cckeyed rbit.
C．The temperature n the mn’s surface.
D．The distance frm the mn t the Earth.
10．What is the authr’s attitude twards the change f the days?
A．Anxius and alarmed.B．Indifferent and uncaring.
C．Relaxed and unwrried.D．Cnfused and uncertain.
11．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Shrter Days: The Mn’s Hidden Rle
B．Climate Change: Speeding Up Earth’s Rtatin
C．Earth’s Rtatin: A 4. 5-Billin-Year-Old Puzzle
D．Lunar Orbit: Always Changing and Unpredictable
【答案】8．D 9．B 10．C 11．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章指出7月9 日、22 日及8月5 日地球自转加快以致白天略短，分析得出月球轨道倾斜角度是主因，作者认为无需担忧。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段中 “On July 9, hwever, as well as n July 22, and August 5, yu wn’t get yur full cmplement f secnds. On these days the Earth will be measurably speeding up its rtatin (旋转), shaving frm 1.3 t 1.5 millisecnds ff f the usual 24 hurs the typical day gets.( 然而，在7月9日，以及7月22日和8月5日，你不会得到你的全部秒数。在这些日子里，地球的自转速度将明显加快，从通常的24小时缩短1.3到1.5毫秒。)”可知，在7月9日、7月22日和8月5日，地球自转速度加快，一天的时间会比平常的24小时少1.3到1.5毫秒 。故选D项。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段“The mn’s rbit is nt nly elliptical, hwever, but cckeyed(倾斜的) t, angled anywhere frm 18° t 28° relative t the Earth’s equatr. The sharper that angle is the faster the Earth rbits, with lunar gravity in this case speeding things up, ffsetting the slwing effect that lunar apgee usually applies. On the three days in questin this summer, the mn will be clse t its 28° peak.( 然而，月球的轨道不仅是椭圆形的，而且也是倾斜的，相对于地球赤道的角度在18°到28°之间。这个角度越尖锐，地球绕轨道运行的速度就越快，在这种情况下，月球的引力会加速，抵消月球远地点通常会产生的减速效应。在这个夏天的三天里，月亮将接近其28°的峰值。)”可知，月球轨道不仅是椭圆形的，而且是倾斜的，这个倾斜角度越尖锐，地球公转速度越快，在这三天里月球接近28°的峰值，所以是月球倾斜轨道的角度主要导致了这种现象。故选B项。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Anyway, we dn’t need t lse sleep ver the slightly shrter days. The Earth and the mn have been ding their dance fr the better part f 4.5 billin years, and it’s always been a stable ne. Here’s betting they’ve gt a few billin mre years yet in their run.( 不管怎样，我们不需要因为白天变短而失眠。在45亿年的大部分时间里，地球和月球一直在跳舞，而且一直很稳定。我打赌它们还有几十亿年的生命。)”可知，作者认为我们不需要为稍微短一点的日子而担心，地球和月球已经稳定运行了 45 亿年，还会继续稳定运行数十亿年，所以作者对日子的变化持放松、不担心的态度。故选C项。
11．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“On July 9, hwever, as well as n July 22, and August 5, yu wn’t get yur full cmplement f secnds. On these days the Earth will be measurably speeding up its rtatin (旋转), shaving frm 1.3 t 1.5 millisecnds ff f the usual 24 hurs the typical day gets.( 然而，在7月9日，以及7月22日和8月5日，你不会得到你的全部秒数。在这些日子里，地球的自转速度将明显加快，从通常的24小时缩短1.3到1.5毫秒。)”可知，文章主要讲述了在 7 月 9 日、7 月 22 日和 8 月 5 日这几天地球自转加快，一天时间变短，分析了月球的位置（包括远地点以及轨道倾斜角度）对地球自转速度的影响，强调了月球在其中隐藏的作用。所以A 选项“更短的日子：月球隐藏的角色”最适合作为标题。故选A项。
考点二 说明文中的深层推断题
【题型解读】
推理判断题属于高层次阅读理解题。解答该类型题目时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容。在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息之间架起桥梁,透过字里行间,去体会作者的“弦外之音”和“言外之意”。在进行推断时,要据文推理、合情推理,不可脱离原文主观臆断。推理判断题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理,推测作者未明确提到的事实或某事件发展的趋势。
【设题趋势】
常以infer, imply, suggest, cnclude, learn, intend, mean, describe, purpse等词提问。
提问中含有表示推测的情态动词,如can, culd, might, wuld 等和其他表示可能性的副词,如prbably, pssibly等。
具体的设问方式如:
What can we infer frm the () paragraph?
Where des this passage prbably cme frm?
【推理判断题解题技巧】
正确选项推理判断题中的正确选项是依据文章的事实或证据推断出的符合逻辑的结论或观点,正确选项一般具有以下特征:
“立足原文,只推一步”,即根据原文内容,一步即可推得。
选项中一般不可以出现绝对概念。如nly, never, all, abslutely等。
正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊,会用一些相对能够留有一些余地的词汇,如ften, usually, smetimes, sme, may, might, can, culd, pssibly, prbably等。
【干扰选项】
1.（2025浙江1月卷）
……
Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudlf’s gardens ppularized this style, adding artistic flavrs t the planting mixes while playing with clr and frm, including fur-seasn interest and serving the needs f wildlife. Beautiful year-rund, they invite yu t enjy the smallest detail, frm the sund f grasses in the gentle wind t the sculpture f dd-lking seed heads.
……
30. Which f the fllwing best describes Piet Oudlf’s gardens?
A. Traditinal.B. Odd-lking.
C. Tasteful.D. Well-prtected.
【思维过程】
●题干关键词→describe→ Piet Oudlf’s gardens
●文章定位：Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudlf’s gardens ppularized this style, adding artistic flavrs t the planting mixes while playing with clr and frm, including fur-seasn interest and serving the needs f wildlife. Beautiful year-rund, they invite yu t enjy the smallest detail, frm the sund f grasses in the gentle wind t the sculpture f dd-lking seed heads.
●解析思维过程→artistic flavrs→playing with clr and frm→Beautiful year-rund →the sund f grasses in the gentle wind→the sculpture f dd-lking seed heads→Tasteful
●故选C
30. C。推理判断题。根据第三段中的adding artistic flavrs、playing with clr and frm、Beautiful、enjy the smallest detail、the sund f grasses、the sculpture f dd-lking seed heads 可知，Piet Oudlf 的花园融入了艺术特色，巧妙运用色彩和形态，四季皆美，细节丰富，具有观赏价值。Tasteful意为“雅致的；有品位的”，是对artistic、Beautiful、enjy的概括。
（2024新课标I卷）
……
BMF emplyees live ut sustainability in their everyday lives. Abut half f them walk r bike t wrk. Inside the ffice, they encurage recycling and waste reductin by limiting garbage cans and aviding single-use plastic. “We are passinate abut reducing waste, carbn and chemicals in ur envirnment,” said a BMF emplyee.
30. What can be cncluded abut BMF emplyees?
A. They have a great passin fr sprts.
B. They are devted t cmmunity service.
C. They are fnd f sharing daily experiences.
D .They have a strng envirnmental awareness.
【思维过程】
●题干关键词→What can be cncluded→ BMF emplyees
●文章定位：BMF emplyees live ut sustainability in their everyday lives. Abut half f them walk r bike t wrk. Inside the ffice, they encurage recycling and waste reductin by limiting garbage cans and aviding single-use plastic. “We are passinate abut reducing waste, carbn and chemicals in ur envirnment,” said a BMF emplyee.
●解析思维过程→Abut half f them walk r bike t wrk→they encurage recycling and waste reductin by limiting garbage cans and aviding single-use plastic →reducing waste, carbn and chemicals in ur envirnment→D .They have a strng envirnmental awareness.
●故选D
30.推理判断题。根据最后一段“BMF emplyees live ut sustainability in their everyday lives. Abut half f them walk r bike t wrk. Inside the ffice, they encurage recycling and waste reductin by limiting garbage cans and aviding single-use plastic. “We are passinate abut reducing waste, carbn and chemicals in ur envirnment,” said a BMF emplyee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，BMF员工具有强烈的环保意识。故选D。
（2026·安徽省高三上学期8月摸底大联考）Frankie Gaw, an Asian American fd creatr and authr f a ckbk, is knwn fr his unique apprach t cuisine. He mixes American classics with an Asian flavr, creating dishes like a Pp-Tart tpped with strawberry litchi frsting and a Happy Meal that includes Fried prk, cucumber salad and a Yakult. Gaw’s scial media page is filled with vides f these innvative creatins.
“I asked myself, If the wrld is much mre inclusive and embraces all f these diverse flavrs, what are the things that Asian Americans wuld want t see?” Gaw talked abut hw his hit scial media, cking series “Turning American Classics Asian”, came t be.
The idea appeared after a trip t his lcal supermarket. Walking thrugh aisles (过道), Gaw nticed that much f the fd stcked n the shelves was similar t what he saw as a kid 20 years ag. Meanwhile, ingredients like sy sauce and mis (味噌) were still strictly gruped in “Asian” aisles. Fr many immigrants and children f immigrants, fd is an imprtant part f life. Fr Gaw, standing between the “Asian” aisle and the rest f the grcery stre was als symblic f his upbringing in Cincinnati, Ohi. Grwing up, Gaw felt like he was living a duble life. In public, Gaw enjyed McDnald’s chicken and fries. At hme, he feasted n his grandmther’s beef ndle sup. It tk time fr him t embrace his dual taste.
Years later in his Seattle apartment, Gaw began experimenting with his childhd favrites. He changed Campbell’s cream f mushrm sup and turned it int prridge. He added mis t the cheese. Gaw shared his fd n scial media. It tk ff. His fd and his experiences at the grcery stre received strng feedback, especially frm ther Asian Americans.
“Turning American classics Asian is nt just abut my appreciatin fr Asian flavrs and ingredients, r respect t American dishes. Instead, it’s my way f shwing respect fr bth and, n a larger scale, fr the experiences f Asian Americans. Seeing this familiar fd at a fast-fd restaurant makes me feel like I have a seat at the table,” he said.
4．What can we learn frm the first tw paragraphs?
A．Frankie Gaw fcuses n preserving traditinal American fd.
B．Turning American Classics Asian is ne f the bestsellers in America.
C．Strawberry litchi frsting isn’t a cmmn part f the American table.
D．Asian Americans dislike the typical American dishes.
5．Why des Gaw mentin his memry abut “Asian” aisles in the supermarket?
A．T shw his disappintment with the limited fd ptins.
B．T express his lve with Asian fd.
C．T imply his embarrassment as a child f immigrants.
D．T tell us hw he was inspired t make his innvatins.
6．What des the underlined sentence “It tk ff” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Gaw’s innvatin with fd gt mixed reactins.
B．Gaw’s new cuisine gained ppularity quickly.
C．Gaw’s ideas n fd were strngly bjected.
D．Gaw’s creatins gt int a big truble.
7．What’s the Asian American fd like accrding t Gaw?
A．It’s a bridge fr cultural integratin.
B．It’s an imprvement n American fd.
C．It’s a reflectin f the Asian peple’s life.
D．It’s a prf f his preference fr Asia.
【答案】4．C 5．D 6．B 7．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了美籍亚裔食品创作者和食谱作者Frankie Gaw如何将美国经典美食与亚洲风味相结合，创造出独特的菜肴，并通过社交媒体分享他的创新作品，受到了广泛的欢迎和反馈。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段“He mixes American classics with an Asian flavr, creating dishes like a Pp-Tart tpped with strawberry litchi frsting and a Happy Meal that includes Fried prk, cucumber salad and a Yakult.(他将美国经典与亚洲风味相结合，创造出像草莓荔枝糖霜的Pp-Tart和包含炸猪肉、黄瓜沙拉和养乐多的开心乐园餐这样的菜肴。)”可知，草莓荔枝糖霜不是美国餐桌上常见的部分，而是Frankie Gaw的创新。故选C项。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段“The idea appeared after a trip t his lcal supermarket.(这个想法是在他去当地一家超市购物后萌生的。)”以及“Fr Gaw, standing between the “Asian” aisle and the rest f the grcery stre was als symblic f his upbringing in Cincinnati, Ohi. Grwing up, Gaw felt like he was living a duble life. (对Gaw而言，站在超市的“亚洲食品区”与其他区域之间，这一场景也象征着他在俄亥俄州辛辛那提市的成长经历。年少时，Gaw总觉得自己过着双重生活。)”可知，Gaw提到超市里“亚洲”过道的记忆，是因为这个经历让他产生了将美国经典美食亚洲化的想法，是在告诉我们他是如何受到启发进行创新的，故选D项。
6．词句猜测题。根据第四段“His fd and his experiences at the grcery stre received strng feedback, especially frm ther Asian Americans.(他创作的美食以及他在超市的那段经历获得了热烈的反响，尤其是来自其他亚裔美国人的反馈)”可知，他的食物和他在杂货店的经历收到了强烈的反馈，尤其是来自其他亚裔美国人的反馈。由此可推知，“It tk ff.”意思是Gaw的新美食很快受到了欢迎。故选B项。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Turning American classics Asian is nt just abut my appreciatin fr Asian flavrs and ingredients, r respect t American dishes. Instead, it’s my way f shwing respect fr bth and, n a larger scale, fr the experiences f Asian Americans. (将美国经典美食亚洲化，不仅仅是出于我对亚洲风味与食材的喜爱，也不只是对美国菜肴的尊重。相反，这是我向两者表达敬意的方式，并且从更广泛的层面来说，也是对亚裔美国人生活经历的尊重)”可知，将美国经典美食亚洲化不仅仅是Gaw对亚洲风味和食材的欣赏，或是对美国菜肴的尊重，更是他对两者表示尊重的方式，从更大层面来说，是对亚裔美国人经历的尊重。由此可推知，在Gaw看来，亚裔美国食物是文化融合的桥梁，故选A项。
考点三 推理判断题之预测文章走势
根据阅读文章全部内容推断文章的未来走势。预测文章走势的方法：1.利用文章最后一段的内容，预测作者未来要写的方向；2.根据文章的第一段内容，预测文章的前面可能写的内容；3.理清文章的写作思路，把握文章的重要内容及写作方法是预测文章走势的根本。
常见的设问方式：
1. What will be discussed further in the cming paragraph?
2．What may the researchers d next accrding t the last paragraph?
3．What wuld the authr mst prbably discuss next?
4．Where des the article g next?
5.What wuld the fllwing paragraph talk abut?
规律方法：如何解决预测推断题？
有些题目要求根据语篇，对事件可能的结局或下一段可能涉及的内容等进行猜测推理。做此类题目时，务必把握作者的写作思路，如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述，从而做出比较科学的、合情合理的预测判断。特别要注意文章最后一段的内容及最后几句话。
1.(2025全国一卷B篇片段)
…
Accrding t a new study frm market analysts, 1 in 5 Britns say that watching ckery prgrammes n TV has encuraged them t try different fd. Almst ne third say they nw use a wider variety f ingredients (配料) than they used t, and just under 1 in 4 say they nw buy better quality ingredients than befre. One in fur adults say that TV chefs have made them much mre cnfident abut expanding their ckery knwledge and skills, and yung peple are als getting mre interested in cking. The UK’s bsessin (痴迷) with fd is reflected thrugh televisin scheduling. Ckery shws and dcumentaries abut fd are bradcast mre ften than befre. With an increasing number f male chefs n TV, it’s n lnger “uncl” fr bys t like cking.
What might the authr cntinue talking abut?
A. The art f cking in ther cuntries.B. Male chefs n TV prgrammes.
C. Table manners in the UK.D. Studies f big eaters.
【答案】B
【解析】第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词the authr, cntinue talking abut。
第二步：根据题干定位到第三段(最后一段)的最后一句“With an increasing number f male chefs n TV, it’s n lnger “uncl” fr bys t like cking.”（随着电视上出现越来越多男性厨师，男孩子喜欢烹饪不再是一件“不酷”的事了。）可知，接下来，文章应该具体介绍电视上的男性厨师，从而与上文形成语义连贯。
第三步：比对选项得出答案B。
2. (2025全国二卷B篇片段)
Fr many centuries, peple used windmills t grind (磨碎) wheat int flur r pump water frm deep undergrund when electricity was discvered in the 1ate 1800s,peple living in remte areas began t use them t prduce electricity. This al1wed them t peple in almst all1 areas f the United States, windmills were rarely used. During the curse 1970s, peple started becming cncerned abut the pllutin that is created when cal and gas are burned t prduce electricity. Peple als realized that the supply f cal and gas wuld nt last frever. Then, wind was rediscvered, thugh it means higher casts. Tday, there is a glbal mvement t supply mre and mre f ur electricity thrugh the use f wind.
What wuld the authr prbably discuss in the paragraph that fllws?
A. The advantage f wind pwer.
B. The design f wind pwer plants.
C. The wrldwide mvement t save energy.
D. The glbal trend twards prducing pwer frm wind.
【答案】
【解析】第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词the authr, prbably discuss, in the paragraph that fllws。
第二步：根据题干定位到文章最后一段的“During the curse 1970s, peple started becming cncerned abut the pllutin that is created when cal and gas are burned t prduce electricity. Peple als realized that the supply f cal and gas wuld nt last frever. Then, wind was rediscvered, thugh it means higher casts. Tday, there is a glbal mvement t supply mre and mre f ur electricity thrugh the use f wind . ( 在20世纪70年代，人们开始担心煤炭和天然气燃烧发电造成的污染。人们还意识到，煤炭和天然气的供应不会永远持续下去。然后，风能被重新发现，尽管这意味着更高的成本。今天，全球正在进行一场运动，希望通过使用风能提供越来越多的电力。)”可知，最后一段讲述了二十世纪七十年代，人们更加注重环保，而且认识到煤和气的短缺；而尽管成本较高，但是风能的特点是洁净并丰富的。如今，全球范围内正在发起利用风能发电的运动。因此推断下一段将会讲述全球利用风能发电的情况。
第三步：比对选项得出答案D。
（2026·湖南省长沙市麓山国际实验学校高三上学期入学考试）Prper questining has becme a lst art. The curius fur-year-ld asks a lt f questins—incessant streams f “Why?” and “Why nt?” might sund familiar—but as we grw lder, ur questining decreases. In a recent survey f mre than 200 f ur clients, we fund that thse with children estimated that 70-80% f their kids’ dialgues with thers were cmprised f questins. But thse same clients said that nly 15-25% f their wn interactins cnsisted f questins. Why the drp ff?
Think back t yur time grwing up and in schl. Chances are that yu received the mst recgnitin r reward when yu gt the crrect answers. Later in life, that mtivatr cntinues. At wrk, we ften reward thse wh answer questins, nt thse wh ask them. Questining cnventinal wisdm can even lead t being distanced, r cnsidered a threat.
Because expectatins fr decisin-making have gne frm “get it dne sn” t “get it dne nw” t “it shuld have been dne yesterday”, we tend t jump t cnclusins instead f asking mre questins. And the unfrtunate side effect f nt asking enugh questins is pr decisin-making. That’s why it’s vital that we slw dwn and take the time t ask mre and better questins. At best, we’ll arrive at better cnclusins. At wrst, we’ll avid a lt f rewrk later n.
Aside frm nt speaking up enugh, many prfessinals dn’t think abut hw different types f questins can lead t different utcmes. We shuld lead a cnversatin by asking the right kinds f questins, based n the prblem we’re trying t slve. In sme cases, we’ll want t expand ur view f the prblem rather than keeping it narrwly fcused. In thers, we may want t challenge basic assumptins r cnfirm ur understanding in rder t feel mre cnfident in ur cnclusins. Therefre, asking the right kinds f questins is what cunts in achieving a gal.
8．What des the underlined wrd “incessant” in paragraph 1 mst prbably mean?
A．Simple.B．Randm.C．Cnstant.D．Annying.
9．What accunts fr the decline f questining in adulthd?
A．One pses a threat t the cmpany if they ask questins.
B．Adults dn’t get as many chances as they did in childhd.
C．Thse wh questin ppular beliefs are thught t be wise.
D．Thse asking questins dn’t always get psitive feedback.
10．What can we infer frm paragraph 3?
A．Reding is unavidable despite thughtful questins.
B．Decisins made in a hurry may turn ut t be wrng.
C．Better questins can surely bring desirable utcmes.
D．Mre attentin shuld be paid t making cnclusins.
11．What might the authr cntinue talking abut?
A．Prper questins that shuld be raised.B．Imprtant gals that we are t achieve.
C．Right kinds f answers t the questins.D．Ways t expand ur view f the prblem.
【答案】8．C 9．D 10．B 11．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了恰当的提问已经成为一门失传的艺术，分析了原因以及鼓励人们恰当的提问。
8．词句猜测题。根据第一段“The curius fur-year-ld(好奇的四岁孩子以及)”“以及as we grw lder, ur questining decreases(但随着年龄的增长，我们的提问会减少)”可知，这个好奇的四岁孩子问了很多问题——没完没了地问“为什么?”和“为什么不呢？所以划线词的意思是“持续不断的”。故选C。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段“Think back t yur time grwing up and in schl. Chances are yu received the mst recgnitin r reward when yu gt the crrect answers. Later in life, that mtivatr cntinues. At wrk, we ften reward thse wh answer questins, nt thse wh ask them.(回想一下你在学校的成长过程。当你得到正确答案时，你可能会得到最多的认可或奖励。在以后的生活中，这种动力会继续存在。在工作中，我们经常奖励那些回答问题的人，而不是那些提出问题的人)”可知，提问题的人不一定能得到积极的反馈是致了成年后提问的减少的原因。故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段“Because expectatins fr decisin-making have gne frm “get it dne sn” t “get it dne nw” t “it shuld have been dne yesterday”, we tend t jump t cnclusins instead f asking mre questins. And the unfrtunate side effect f nt asking enugh questins is pr decisin-making.(因为对决策的期望已经从“尽快完成”变成了“现在完成”，再变成了“昨天就应该完成”，我们倾向于直接下结论，而不是问更多的问题。没有问足够多的问题的副作用是糟糕的决策)”可知，匆忙做出的决定可能会被证明是错误的。故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Therefre, asking the right kinds f questins is what cunts in achieving a gal.(因此，问正确的问题是实现目标的关键)”可知，接下来要讨论应该提出适当的问题。故选A。
考点四 考查推理判断之写作方法
推理判断之写作手法考点是高考中的常考点。作者在写作文章的时候总是要用一些写作手法，了解写作手法是学生阅读理解要掌握的内容之一。做这类题时，我们可以借鉴中文的一些写作手法，在写作方法上它们是相通的。
规律方法：
常见的设问方式：
（1）Hw is the passage rganized?
（2）The authr develps the passage mainly by _________.
（3）The first paragraph serves as a（n） __________.
（4）The example f … is given t shw/illustrate that__________.
了解文章的修辞手法。从修辞手法上讲，在高考阅读中主要考查下定义、分类说明、列举例证和对比等写作手法。其中，“引用”和“例证”是议论文和说明文中最常用的写作手法之一。是历年高考阅读试题中必不可缺的命题方向。“引用”和“例证”的共同目的就是增强说服力，以更好的达到说理、说明的目的。“引用”和“例证”的共同功能就是服务于段落或篇章的主题。
说明文往往采取下定义、举例子、列数字、对比或比较等说明方式进行写作，而这些说明方式都是为了使文章要说明的内容或问题更加清晰明了、真实可信，或者更具说服力。
(2025全国一卷D篇片段)
Micrplastics have becme a cmmn surce f pllutin acrss the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and n the Himalayas, stuck inside vlcanic rcks, filled the stmachs f seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snw. They are even appearing inside humans.
…
32. Hw des the authr present the issue in the first paragraph?
A. By quting an expert.B. By defining a cncept.
C. By giving examples.D. By prviding statistics.
【答案】C
【解析】第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词Hw, present the issue, the first paragraph。
第二步：根据题干关键词定位到第一段内容“Micrplastics have becme a cmmn surce f pllutin acrss the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and n the Himalayas, stuck inside vlcanic rcks, filled the stmachs f seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snw. They are even appearing inside humans.(微塑料已经成为地球上常见的污染源——它们出现在在深海和喜马拉雅山上，被困在火山岩中，填满海鸟的胃，甚至落在南极的新雪中。它们甚至出现了在人类身体里。)”可推断，作者通过举例提出微塑料污染的问题。温馨提醒：关注破折号和冒号解释说明作用。
第三步：比对选项得出答案C。
（2026·安徽省高三上学期8月摸底大联考）Thrugh evlutin, animals have develped numerus ways t prtect themselves frm predatrs (捕食者). Turtles hide in their shells, and skunks (臭鼬) use smelly liquid. But these defenses dn’t wrk against cars. Envirnmental jurnalist Ben Gldfarb explains, “When facing a car, these defenses are useless — r even harmful. Staying still is the wrst chice. Radkill is a serius threat t wildlife.”
Rads als act as barriers, preventing animals frm mving freely. The cnstant traffic n highways creates what scientists call a “mving fence”— a wall f vehicles that animals avid crssing. While we ften see dead animals like deer r squirrels n rads, we dn’t see the nes that never try t crss. This islatin can harm animal ppulatins mre than radkill itself.
Chemicals frm rads als damage the envirnment. Every year, the U. S. uses 20 millin tns f rad salt t melt ice, which pllutes nearby sil and plants. Cars release metals like zinc and cpper, and tires leave behind micrplastics. These pllutants make radsides dangerus fr creatures like mnarch butterflies, even thugh these areas culd therwise be gd habitats.
Radsides smetimes attract animals with fd like flwers r berries, but this becmes an “eclgical trap”. Animals are drawn t these resurces, nly t face the danger f traffic.
Interestingly, when traffic decreases, animals quickly adapt. Researchers in the Bay Area fund that when cars disappeared fr mnths, white-crwned sparrws — small sngbirds — started singing mre cmplex and varied sngs. Withut traffic nise, they n lnger needed t “shut” and culd return t their natural behavirs. This shws hw much rads affect wildlife — but als hw adaptable animals can be.
Despite these challenges, Gldfarb says, certain species have made remarkable adaptatins. He ntes that Chicag’s urban fxes are said t lk bth ways befre crssing the street. “We think abut rads as these frces that are universally r exclusively harmful t animals, and certainly they’re incredibly destructive,” he says. “But wildlife is als impressively adaptive and clever and animals are finding ways t make a living in ur midst.”
8．Hw des the authr start the text in the first paragraph?
A．By stating a reasn.B．By prviding statistics.
C．By defining a cncept.D．By giving examples.
9．What harmful impact d rads have n wildlife?
A．Less fd supply.B．Restricted mvement.
C．Increased predatrs.D．Species extinctin.
10．What can we infer frm Gldfarb’s wrds in the last paragraph?
A．Rads are nt truly harmful t wildlife.
B．Urban fxes seldm get hit by vehicles.
C．Animals adapt cleverly t dangerus rads.
D．Wildlife prtectin deserves highest attentin.
11．What is the authr’s purpse in writing this passage?
A．T advcate reducing traffic.
B．T preserve wildlife diversity.
C．T analyze rads’ effects n wildlife.
D．T highlight radkill danger t animals.
【答案】8．D 9．B 10．C 11．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了道路对野生动物产生的多方面影响，包括道路致死、阻碍迁徙、造成污染以及形成生态陷阱等，同时也提到了动物在交通减少时的适应能力和某些物种的适应性变化。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段“Thrugh evlutin, animals have develped numerus ways t prtect themselves frm predatrs (捕食者). Turtles hide in their shells, and skunks (臭鼬) use smelly liquid. (通过进化，动物发展出了许多保护自己免受捕食者伤害的方法。乌龟躲在壳里，臭鼬使用有臭味的液体。)”可知，作者在第一段通过列举乌龟和臭鼬保护自己的例子开启全文。故选D项。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段“Rads als act as barriers, preventing animals frm mving freely. The cnstant traffic n highways creates what scientists call a “mving fence” — a wall f vehicles that animals avid crssing. (道路还起到了屏障的作用，阻碍动物自由活动。高速公路上川流不息的车辆形成了科学家们所说的“移动围栏”——一道由车辆组成的墙，动物们会避开穿越这道墙。)”可知，道路对野生动物的有害影响之一是限制了它们的活动。故选B项。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“He ntes that Chicag’s urban fxes are said t lk bth ways befre crssing the street. “We think abut rads as these frces that are universally r exclusively harmful t animals, and certainly they’re incredibly destructive,” he says. “But wildlife is als impressively adaptive and clever and animals are finding ways t make a living in ur midst.” (他指出，芝加哥的都市狐狸过马路时据说会左右张望。“我们总把道路看作对动物普遍或唯一有害的力量，它们确实极具破坏性，”他说，“但野生动物也展现出惊人的适应能力和智慧，许多动物正在我们身边找到生存之道。”)”可知，从Gldfarb的话中可以推断出动物能聪明地适应危险的道路环境。故选C项。
11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“But these defenses dn’t wrk against cars. Envirnmental jurnalist Ben Gldfarb explains, “When facing a car, these defenses are useless — r even harmful. Staying still is the wrst chice. Radkill is a serius threat t wildlife.” (但这些防御手段在汽车面前毫无用处，甚至还会带来危害。环境记者Ben Gldfarb解释道：“面对汽车时，这些防御方法不仅没用，甚至可能有害。一动不动是最糟糕的选择。道路致死是野生动物面临的一个严重威胁。”)”并结合全文内容可知，文章围绕道路对野生动物的影响展开，依次阐述了公路导致的路杀现象以及公路阻碍动物迁徙、带来化学污染、形成“生态陷阱”等负面影响，同时也提到了部分物种的适应性调整。整体是在分析公路对野生动物多方面的影响。故选C项。
考点五 考查推理判断之写作态度
推理判断之写作态度考点是高考中的常考点。作者发表文章总有自己的观点和主张，也会自然流露出对某事的态度。做这类题时，我们一定要站在作者的角度上看问题。
规律方法：
常见的设问方式：
1.What is the authr’s attitude t
2. Which wrd best describes the authr’s attitude
3. The authr’s attitude twards may best be described as .
做此类题目必须透过文章的字面意义去理解。作者的态度和观点无非也就是三种：支持、赞同、乐观；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观；中立、客观。作者的态度和观点常用一些形容词、副词和不定意义的动词来表达，如pssible, impssible, seem, strange等。这时需要注意的是：一定要理清作者所列举的事例与其观点、态度是一致的还是相反的。有些文章作者的观点态度隐含在文章的字里行间，需要通读全文，才能做出正确的判断。注意熟悉一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语。
褒义词有：supprtive(支持的)；psitive(积极的)；ptimistic(乐观的)；enthusiastic(热情的)等。
贬义词有：negative(否定的，消极的)；irnic(讽刺的)；critical(批评的)；disgusted(厌恶的)；disappinted(失望的)等。
中性词有：indifferent(漠不关心的)；uninterested(不感兴趣的)；bjective(客观的)；neutral(中立的)等。
1.（2024全国甲卷）
The Saint Lukas train desn’t accept passengers—it accepts nly the sick. The Saint Lukas is ne f five gvernment-spnsred medical trains that travel t remte twns in central and eastern Russia. Each stp lasts an average f tw days, and during that time the dctrs and nurses n bard prvide rural(乡村)ppulatins with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptins.
“Peple started queuing t make an appintment early in the mrning,” says Emile Ducke, a German phtgrapher wh traveled with the staff f the Saint Lukas fr a tw-week trip in Nvember thrugh the vast regins(区域)f Krasnyarsk and Khakassia.
Russia’s public health care service has been in serius need f mdernizatin. The gvernment has struggled t cme up with measures t address the prblem, particularly in the prer, rural areas east f the Vlga River, including arranging dctr’s appintments by vide chat and expanding financial aid prgrams t mtivate dctrs t practice medicine in remte parts f the cuntry like Krasnyarsk.
The annual arrival f the Saint Lukas is anther attempt t imprve the situatin. Fr 10 mnths every year, the train stps at abut eight statins ver tw weeks, befre returning t the reginal capital t refuel and restck(补给). Then it starts all ver again the next mnth. Mst statins wait abut a year between visits.
Dctrs see up t 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allws fr basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the dctrs and their assistants wrking and living in such little space but still staying fcused and very cncerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance fr many rural peple t get the treatment they want. ”
What is Ducke’s attitude tward the Saint Lukas’ services?
A. Appreciative.B. DubtfulC. Ambiguus.D. Cautius.
【答案】A
【解析】推断判断题。根据最后一段的““I was very impressed by the dctrs and their assistants wrking and living in such little space but still staying fcused and very cncerned, ” says Ducke. “They were the best chance fr many rural peple t get the treatment they want. ”(“医生和他们的助手在这么小的空间里工作和生活，但仍然保持专注和非常关注，这给我留下了深刻的印象，”Ducke说。这是许多农村人获得他们想要的治疗的最好机会。”)”可知，Ducke对Saint Lukas的服务持赞赏的态度，故选A。
2.（2021年新高考I卷之D篇）
Ppularizatin has in sme cases changed the riginal meaning f emtinal (情感的) intellingence. Many peple nw misunderstand emtinal intelligence as almst everything desirable in a persn's makeup that cannt be measured by an IQ test, such as character, mtivatin, cnfidence, mental stability, ptimism and “peple skills.” Research has shwn that emtinal skills may cntribute t sme f these qualities, but mst f them mve far beynd skill-based emtinal intelligence.
We prefer t describe emtinal intelligence as a specific set f skills that can be used fr either gd r bad purpses. The ability t accurately understand hw thers are feeling may be used by a dctr t find hw best t help her patients, while a cheater might use it t cntrl ptential victims. Being emtinally intelligent des nt necessarily make ne a mral persn.
Althugh ppular beliefs regarding emtinal intelligence run far ahead f what research can reasnably supprt, the verall effects f the publicity have been mre beneficial than harmful. The mst psitive aspect f this ppularizatin is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) n emtin by emplyers, educatrs and thers interested in prmting scial well-being. The ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence has helped bth the public and researchers re-evaluate the functinality f emtins and hw they serve peple adaptively in everyday life.
Althugh the cntinuing ppular appeal f emtinal intelligence is desirable, we hpe that such attentin will excite a greater interest in the scientific and schlarly study f emtin. It is ur hpe that in cming decades, advances in science will ffer new perspectives (视角) frm which t study hw peple manage their lives. Emtinal intelligence, with its fcus n bth head and heart, may serve t pint us in the right directin.
What is the authr’s attitude t the ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence?
A. Favrable.B. Intlerant.
C. Dubtful.D. Unclear.
【答案】A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了情商的定义以及对有关于情商未来研究的期望。
推理判断题。通过文章第三段“the verall effects f the publicity have been mre beneficial than harmful. …The ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence has helped bth the public and researchers (宣传的总体效果一直是利大于弊。这种普及最积极的方面是雇主、教育者和其他对促进社会福利感兴趣的人对情感进行了新的、迫切需要的强调。情商的普及帮助了公众和研究人员)”可推知，作者认为情商普及是对人们有利的。故选A项。
（2026·安徽省蚌埠市高三上学期开学）If yu’re the kind f persn wh gets a lt dne, yu’re grateful fr every ne f the 86,400 secnds that make up a day. On July 9, hwever, as well as n July 22, and August 5, yu wn’t get yur full cmplement f secnds. On these days the Earth will be measurably speeding up its rtatin (旋转), shaving frm 1.3 t 1.5 millisecnds ff f the usual 24 hurs the typical day gets.
The likeliest cause is the psitin f the mn. Lunar distance is an always-changing thing, with the mn tracing an elliptical(椭圆的) rbit arund the Earth. At its clsest apprach—r perigee—the mn is nly 224,000 miles distant. At its furthest—r apgee—that gap widens t 251,655 miles. On the three speedy days this summer, the mn will be at r near apgee—which is a puzzle, since lunar gravity is such that the Earth tends t slw dwn, nt speed up, when the mn is farther away.
The mn’s rbit is nt nly elliptical, hwever, but cckeyed(倾斜的) t, angled anywhere frm 18° t 28° relative t the Earth’s equatr. The sharper that angle is the faster the Earth rbits, with lunar gravity in this case speeding things up, ffsetting the slwing effect that lunar apgee usually applies. On the three days in questin this summer, the mn will be clse t its 28° peak.
Climate change—again and seemingly always—may play a rle t. Last year, tw NASA-funded studies fund that since 2000, melting glaciers have caused the axis(轴) f the planet t shift by abut 30 ft, changing the speed f rtatin. The catch is, in this case the change causes the planet t decelerate, nt speed up—by abut 1.33 millisecnds per century.
Anyway, we dn’t need t lse sleep ver the slightly shrter days. The Earth and the mn have been ding their dance fr the better part f 4.5 billin years, and it’s always been a stable ne. Here’s betting they’ve gt a few billin mre years yet in their run.
8．What will happen n July 9, July 22, and August 5 accrding t the text?
A．Lunar distance will decrease greatly, changing hw time is measured.
B．The mn’s gravity will weaken, reducing Earth’s rtatin speed.
C．Climate change will speed up ice melting, affecting day length.
D．The Earth will rtate faster, making the day less than 24 hurs.
9．What mainly causes the phenmenn n thse days?
A．The speed f the mn’s rtatin.
B．The angle f the mn’s cckeyed rbit.
C．The temperature n the mn’s surface.
D．The distance frm the mn t the Earth.
10．What is the authr’s attitude twards the change f the days?
A．Anxius and alarmed.B．Indifferent and uncaring.
C．Relaxed and unwrried.D．Cnfused and uncertain.
11．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Shrter Days: The Mn’s Hidden Rle
B．Climate Change: Speeding Up Earth’s Rtatin
C．Earth’s Rtatin: A 4. 5-Billin-Year-Old Puzzle
D．Lunar Orbit: Always Changing and Unpredictable
【答案】8．D 9．B 10．C 11．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章指出7月9 日、22 日及8月5 日地球自转加快以致白天略短，分析得出月球轨道倾斜角度是主因，作者认为无需担忧。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段中 “On July 9, hwever, as well as n July 22, and August 5, yu wn’t get yur full cmplement f secnds. On these days the Earth will be measurably speeding up its rtatin (旋转), shaving frm 1.3 t 1.5 millisecnds ff f the usual 24 hurs the typical day gets.( 然而，在7月9日，以及7月22日和8月5日，你不会得到你的全部秒数。在这些日子里，地球的自转速度将明显加快，从通常的24小时缩短1.3到1.5毫秒。)”可知，在7月9日、7月22日和8月5日，地球自转速度加快，一天的时间会比平常的24小时少1.3到1.5毫秒 。故选D项。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段“The mn’s rbit is nt nly elliptical, hwever, but cckeyed(倾斜的) t, angled anywhere frm 18° t 28° relative t the Earth’s equatr. The sharper that angle is the faster the Earth rbits, with lunar gravity in this case speeding things up, ffsetting the slwing effect that lunar apgee usually applies. On the three days in questin this summer, the mn will be clse t its 28° peak.( 然而，月球的轨道不仅是椭圆形的，而且也是倾斜的，相对于地球赤道的角度在18°到28°之间。这个角度越尖锐，地球绕轨道运行的速度就越快，在这种情况下，月球的引力会加速，抵消月球远地点通常会产生的减速效应。在这个夏天的三天里，月亮将接近其28°的峰值。)”可知，月球轨道不仅是椭圆形的，而且是倾斜的，这个倾斜角度越尖锐，地球公转速度越快，在这三天里月球接近28°的峰值，所以是月球倾斜轨道的角度主要导致了这种现象。故选B项。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Anyway, we dn’t need t lse sleep ver the slightly shrter days. The Earth and the mn have been ding their dance fr the better part f 4.5 billin years, and it’s always been a stable ne. Here’s betting they’ve gt a few billin mre years yet in their run.( 不管怎样，我们不需要因为白天变短而失眠。在45亿年的大部分时间里，地球和月球一直在跳舞，而且一直很稳定。我打赌它们还有几十亿年的生命。)”可知，作者认为我们不需要为稍微短一点的日子而担心，地球和月球已经稳定运行了 45 亿年，还会继续稳定运行数十亿年，所以作者对日子的变化持放松、不担心的态度。故选C项。
11．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“On July 9, hwever, as well as n July 22, and August 5, yu wn’t get yur full cmplement f secnds. On these days the Earth will be measurably speeding up its rtatin (旋转), shaving frm 1.3 t 1.5 millisecnds ff f the usual 24 hurs the typical day gets.( 然而，在7月9日，以及7月22日和8月5日，你不会得到你的全部秒数。在这些日子里，地球的自转速度将明显加快，从通常的24小时缩短1.3到1.5毫秒。)”可知，文章主要讲述了在 7 月 9 日、7 月 22 日和 8 月 5 日这几天地球自转加快，一天时间变短，分析了月球的位置（包括远地点以及轨道倾斜角度）对地球自转速度的影响，强调了月球在其中隐藏的作用。所以A 选项“更短的日子：月球隐藏的角色”最适合作为标题。故选A项。
考点六 考查说明文的主旨大意
题型特点：考查对文章整体内容的概括和归纳能力，包括文章的主旨、标题、段落大意等。常见的提问方式有“What is the main idea f the passage?”“The best title fr the passage might be...”“What des the first/secnd/... paragraph mainly talk abut?”等。
解题技巧：
关注文章的首段和尾段，这两个部分往往是文章主旨的集中体现。首段可能引出话题，提出中心论点；尾段可能总结全文，再次强调主旨。
分析文章的结构，如果是“总 - 分”结构，开头的总述部分就是主旨；如果是“总 - 分 - 总”结构，首尾的总结部分是关键；如果是递进式结构，要综合各段落内容，找出贯穿全文的核心线索。
对于标题类题目，标题要简洁明了，能够准确概括文章的主要内容，同时具有一定的吸引力。避免选择过于宽泛或过于具体的选项。
1. (2025全国二卷D篇片段)
…
It shuld be nted that nne f the items n wastED’s menu was technically made frm garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples f meat cuts and prduce that mst restaurants wuld never cnsider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish cllars, rejected sweet ptates, and cucumber butts were all re-apprpriated and, with the help f a number f gd chefs, turned int excellent cuisine.
…
34. What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A. Why the ingredients were used.B. Which dishes were best liked.
C. What the dishes were made f.D. Where the ingredients were bught.
【答案】C
【解析】第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词paragraph 5。
第二步：根据关键词定位到文章第五段“It shuld be nted that nne f the items n wastED’s menu was technically made frm garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples f meat cuts and prduce that mst restaurants wuld never cnsider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish cllars, rejected sweet ptates, and cucumber butts were all re-apprpriated and, with the help f a number f gd chefs, turned int excellent cuisine. (值得注意的是，从技术上讲，wastED的菜单上没有一项是由垃圾制成的。相反，所有使用的食材都是大多数餐馆永远不会考虑供应的肉类部位和农产品。羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等东西都被重新利用，在许多优秀厨师的助力下，变成了美味的菜肴)”可知，本段主要介绍了wastED菜单上的菜品所用的配料，如羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等，所以本段主要讲的是这些菜肴是由什么做成的。
第三步：比对选项得出答案C。
2.（2020·全国新课标II）
Sme parents will buy any high-tech ty if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.
Psychlgist Susan Levine, an expert n mathematics develpment in yung children the University f Chicag, fund children wh play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develp better spatial skills. Puzzle play was fund t be a significant predictr f cgnitin(认知) after cntrlling fr differences in parents’ incme, educatin and the amunt f parent talk, Levine said.
The researchers analyzed vide recrdings f 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at hme and fund children wh play with puzzles between 26 and 46 mnths f age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 mnths f age.
“The children wh played with puzzles perfrmed better than thse wh did nt, n tasks that assessed their ability t rtate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked t interact with their children as they nrmally wuld, and abut half f children in the study played with puzzles at ne time. Higher-incme parents tended t have children play with puzzles mre frequently, and bth bys and girls wh played with puzzles had better spatial skills. Hwever, bys tended t play with mre cmplex puzzles than girls, and the parents f bys prvided mre spatial language and were mre active during puzzle play than parents f girls.
The findings were published in the jurnal Develpmental Science.242
27．What is the text mainly abut?
A．A mathematical methd.B．A scientific study.
C．A wman psychlgistD．A teaching prgram.
【答案】27．B
【解析】本文是说明文。是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。
27．主旨大意题。本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。所以是关于科学研究的。B. A scientific study(一项科学研究)符合以上说法，故选B项。
3.（2023年1月·浙江卷）
Accrding t the Slar Energy Industry Assciatin, the number f slar panels installed(安装)has grwn rapidly in the past decade, and it has t grw even faster t meet climate gals. But all f that grwth will take up a lt f space, and thugh mre and mre peple accept the cncept f slar energy, few like large slar panels t be installed near them.
Slar develpers want t put up panels as quickly and cheaply as pssible, s they haven’t given much thught t what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stnes and using chemicals t cntrl weeds. The result is that many cmmunities, especially in farming regins, see slar farms as destryers f the sil.
“Slar prjects need t be gd neighbrs,” says Jrdan Macknick, the head f the Innvative Site Preparatin and Impact Reductins n the Envirnment(InSPIRE)prject. “They need t be prtectrs f the land and cntribute t the agricultural ecnmy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical appraches t “lw-impact” slar develpment, which fcuses n establishing and perating slar farms in a way that is kinder t the land. One f the easiest lw-impact slar strategies is prviding habitat fr pllinatrs(传粉昆虫).
Habitat lss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pllinatr ppulatins ver the past cuple f decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural ecnmy. Over 28 states have passed laws related t pllinatr habitat prtectin and pesticide use. Cnservatin rganizatins put ut pllinatr-friendliness guidelines fr hme gardens, businesses, schls, cities—and nw there are guidelines fr slar farms.
Over the past few years, many slar farm develpers have transfrmed the space under their slar panels int a shelter fr varius kinds f pllinatrs, resulting in sil imprvement and carbn reductin. “These pllinatr-friendly slar farms can have a valuable impact n everything that’s ging n in the landscape,” says Macknick.
Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Pllinatrs: T Leave r t StayB．Slar Energy: Hpe fr the Future
C．InSPIRE: A Leader in AgricultureD．Slar Farms: A New Develpment
【答案】 D
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是用一种更加友好的方式建立一种新型的太阳能农场，这种新型的农场更有利于保护各种传粉昆虫，从而促进农业的发展。
35．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“Over the past few years, many slar farm develpers have transfrmed the space under their slar panels int a shelter fr varius kinds f pllinatrs, resulting in sil imprvement and carbn reductin.(在过去的几年里，许多太阳能农场开发商将太阳能电池板下的空间改造成各种传粉媒介的庇护所，从而改善了土壤并减少了碳排放。)”可知，现在的太阳能农场在过去的几年里已经得到了很大的发展，更重要的是太阳能农场也变得更加的环保，这将是未来发展农业的新趋势，再结合全文对太阳农场的发展过程的介绍可以判断，本文主题是介绍太阳能农场。故选D项。
1.（2026·江苏省南京市六校联合体高三学情调研）A leading fssil expert has suggested that the climate crisis might make humans smaller ver time because smaller mammals ften handle rising temperatures better.
Steve Brusatte, a fssil expert frm the University f Edinburgh, thinks lking at hw animals dealt with past climate changes can help us guess what might happen t humans. Fr example, abut 55 millin years ag, when the wrld gt htter, early hrses became smaller. He wnders if humans culd fllw a similar pattern.
In his bk The Rise and Reign f the Mammals, Brusatte talks abut smething called Bergmann’s rule. It’s an idea that animals in warm places are usually smaller than thse in cld areas. “We’re nt sure exactly why,” he explains, “but smaller animals prbably have an advantage. Their bdies have mre surface area cmpared t their size, which helps them emit extra heat mre easily.”
Brusatte says getting smaller is “a cmmn way mammals survive when the climate changes fast.” He adds, “Nt every mammal wuld shrink, but it’s a trick many use when temperatures rise quickly. S culd humans get smaller if it gets ht fast? I think that’s pssible.”
But nt all experts agree. Adrian Lister, frm Lndn’s Natural Histry Museum, says the link between heat and shrinking in mammals isn’t strng, especially fr humans. “Natural selectin desn’t cntrl us like it used t,” he argues. “Fr humans t get smaller, bigger peple wuld have t die befre having kids because f the heat. But that’s nt happening. We have clthes, heaters, and air cnditiners t handle temperature changes. These things reduce the need fr ur bdies t evlve t cpe with heat.”
S while sme think humans might shrink due t climate change, thers dubt it. It’s an interesting debate—ne that shws hw nature and human technlgy might shape ur future.
28．Why des Steve Brusatte mentin early hrses that lived 55 millin years ag?
A．T cnfirm Bergmann’s rule applies universally.
B．T suggest humans are bund t becme smaller.
C．T demnstrate temperature’s effect n hrse evlutin.
D．T shw hw mammals adapted t histrical climate shifts.
29．What can be learned frm Bergmann’s rule as explained in the passage?
A．Surface area alne affects animals’ heat emissin.
B．Smaller animals are mre adaptable t warm envirnments.
C．Warm-regin mammals evlve faster than cld-regin nes.
D．Smaller animals will replace larger nes as the climate warms.
30．What des Adrian Lister imply abut human evlutin?
A．Humans tend t grw larger in ht climates.
B．Natural selectin still shapes human bdy size.
C．Climate change n lnger affects human evlutin.
D．Technlgy reduces the need fr climate adaptatin.
31．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．Climate crisis’s impact n human size evlutin.
B．Mdern technlgy’s impact n natural selectin.
C．Mammal evlutin in respnse t climate change.
D．The applicatin f Bergmann’s rule in mdern sciety.
【答案】28．D 29．B 30．D 31．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了气候变化是否会影响人类体型大小进化的问题。一些专家认为，随着气候变暖，小型哺乳动物通常能更好地应对高温，因此人类可能会逐渐变小。然而，还有一些专家认为，由于人类技术的发展，如衣服、暖气和空调等，已经减少了身体需要进化来应对温度变化的必要性，因此气候变化可能不再影响人类进化。
28．推理判断题。根据第二段“Steve Brusatte, a fssil expert frm the University f Edinburgh, thinks lking at hw animals dealt with past climate changes can help us guess what might happen t humans. Fr example, abut 55 millin years ag, when the wrld gt htter, early hrses became smaller. (来自爱丁堡大学的化石专家Steve Brusatte认为，观察动物如何应对过去的气候变化可以帮助我们猜测人类可能会发生什么。例如，大约5500万年前，当世界变得更热时，早期的马变得更小。)”可知，他通过这一例子来展示哺乳动物是如何适应气候变化的，因此D选项“T shw hw mammals adapted t histrical climate shifts.(为了展示哺乳动物是如何适应历史上的气候变化的。)”符合题意。故选D。
29．细节理解题。根据第三段中“It’s an idea that animals in warm places are usually smaller than thse in cld areas. “We’re nt sure exactly why,” he explains, “but smaller animals prbably have an advantage. Their bdies have mre surface area cmpared t their size, which helps them emit extra heat mre easily.”(这是一种观点，认为生活在温暖地方的动物通常比生活在寒冷地区的动物要小。“我们还不太确定具体的原因，”他解释道，“但是小型动物可能具有某种优势。与它们的体型相比，它们的身体拥有更大的表面积，这有助于它们更容易地散发多余的热量。”)”可知，此处解释了Bergmann法则即生活在温暖地方的动物通常比生活在寒冷地区的动物小，且小型动物在散热方面具有优势。因此，B选项“Smaller animals are mre adaptable t warm envirnments.(小型动物更适应温暖的环境)”符合题意。故选B。
30．推理判断题。Adrian Lister在第五段中提到“We have clthes, heaters, and air cnditiners t handle temperature changes. These things reduce the need fr ur bdies t evlve t cpe with heat.(我们有衣服、加热器和空调来处理温度变化。这些东西减少了我们的身体为了应对热量而进化的需要。)”可知，他认为技术减少了人类为适应气候而进化的需求。因此，D选项“Technlgy reduces the need fr climate adaptatin.(技术减少了适应气候的需求)”符合题意。故选D。
31．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“A leading fssil expert has suggested that the climate crisis might make humans smaller ver time because smaller mammals ften handle rising temperatures better.( 一位顶尖的化石专家提出，气候危机可能会使人类随着时间的推移而体型变小，因为体型较小的哺乳动物通常能更好地应对温度上升的情况。)”以及通读全文可知，文章开头就提出了化石专家Steve Brusatte的观点，即气候危机可能会使人类逐渐变小，因为小型哺乳动物通常能更好地应对高温。接下来的内容都是围绕这一观点展开的，包括其他专家对这一观点的看法和争议，由此讨论的是气候危机对人类体型进化的影响。因此，A选项“Climate crisis’s impact n human size evlutin.(气候危机对人类体型进化的影响。)”概括了文章的主旨大意。故选A。
2.（2026·江苏省盐城市七校联盟高三上学期9月月考）The best and mst-cmmnly used surces fr the pills we have are ily fish like salmn (鲑鱼), mackerel (鲭鱼) and sardine (沙丁鱼). Many envirnmentalists fear that sme species are being verfished fr this purpse. We may have an endless vracity fr fish il, but we dn’t have an endless supply f fish.
Menhaden (鲱鱼), which is described as “a big-headed, smelly, ft-lng fish”, is in great danger. Althugh prized fr dinner in the 18th century, the species has becme the unknwn victim f the fish il business, which presents us with ptential selfish. Menhaden feeds almst entirely n algae (海藻) and is especially gd at changing it int mega-3 fatty acids, which make it a gd target fr fish il cmpanies.
One particular cmpany, Prtein f Hustn, has been fishing 90 percent f the cuntry’s menhaden. It’s becme such a big prblem that 13 f the 15 Atlantic states have banned the cmpany’s bats frm their waters. Yet the cmpany is still allwed t fish in Nrth Carlina and Virginia, as well as federal waters; the cmpany’s effrts result in the remving f half a billin menhadens every year.
Aside frm a public natural resurce running ut fr a cmpany’s private prfit, the damage t the ecsystem is the cause fr alarm. The muddy brwn clur f the Lng Island Sund is the direct result f lacking water filtratin (过滤) — a jb that was nce dne by menhaden.
Menhaden keeps the cean waters f the Atlantic and Gulf casts clean. A menhaden filters fur t six gallns f water f algae in a minute, which prevents underwater dead znes.
Measures shuld be taken t avid the verfished situatin. Plant seeds such as flax seeds, chia seeds, hemp seeds, and sesame seeds — and particularly their ils — are gd vegetarian surces f mega-3 fatty acids, althugh the mix f specific acids is different frm which ne can get frm fish.
4．What des the underlined wrd “vracity” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Truble.B．Shrtage.
C．Resurce.D．Appetite.
5．Why des menhaden becme a gd fish fr cmpanies t make pills?
A．It is gd at frming mega-3 fatty acids.
B．It feeds mainly n the harmful algae.
C．It is well-knwn fr its rich prtein.
D．It is relatively easy fr cmpanies t catch.
6．What des the authr intend t suggest us in the last paragraph?
A．T grw mre plants fr their seeds t make il.
B．T use sme substitutes instead f mre fish il.
C．T call n the gvernment t make laws in fishing.
D．T take part in mre activities t prtect the envirnment.
7．What is the best title fr the text?
A．The Brken Natural EcsystemB．The Prcess f Making Fish Oil
C．Bad Effects f Fish Oil MakingD．Hw t use natural resurces.
【答案】4．D 5．A 6．B 7．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了因制作鱼油丸，鲱鱼被过度捕捞，生态系统遭破坏，作者呼吁寻找替代品。
4．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“We may have an endless vracity fr fish il, but we dn’t have an endless supply f fish.(我们可能对鱼油有着无尽的vracity，但我们的鱼类供应并不是无穷无尽的。)”可知，此处表示人类对鱼油的需求很大，vracity意思是“胃口，需求”。故选D。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Menhaden feeds almst entirely n algae (海藻) and is especially gd at changing it int mega-3 fatty acids, which make it a gd target fr fish il cmpanies.(鲱鱼几乎完全以海藻为食，尤其擅长将其转化为欧米伽-3脂肪酸，这使它成为鱼油公司的好目标。)”可知，鲱鱼擅长形成欧米伽-3脂肪酸，所以成为制作鱼油丸的好原料。故选A。
6．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Measures shuld be taken t avid the verfished situatin. Plant seeds such as flax seeds, chia seeds, hemp seeds, and sesame seeds — and particularly their ils — are gd vegetarian surces f mega-3 fatty acids, althugh the mix f specific acids is different frm which ne can get frm fish.(应该采取措施避免过度捕捞的情况。植物种子，如亚麻籽、奇亚籽、大麻籽和芝麻籽——尤其是它们的油——是欧米伽-3脂肪酸的良好素食来源，尽管特定酸的混合物与从鱼中获取的不同。)”可知，作者在最后一段建议使用一些替代品来代替更多的鱼油。故选B。
7．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是结合第二段中“Menhaden (鲱鱼), which is described as “a big-headed, smelly, ft-lng fish”, is in great danger.(鲱鱼被描述为“头大、有臭味、一英尺长的鱼”，它正处于极大的危险之中。)”以及第四段中“Aside frm a public natural resurce running ut fr a cmpany’s private prfit, the damage t the ecsystem is the cause fr alarm.(除了公共自然资源因公司私利而枯竭外，对生态系统的破坏也令人担忧。)”可知，文章主要讲述了因制作鱼油丸，鲱鱼被过度捕捞，生态系统遭破坏，作者呼吁寻找替代品。故C项“Bad Effects f Fish Oil Making(制作鱼油的负面影响)”最适合作为文章标题。故选C。
考点七 考查词义猜测题
通过阅读理解中的猜测词义，考查考生推测词义的能力、培养学生整体把握文章内容，不拘泥于细节，对于生词可以通过上下文理解其含义。猜测词义的考查类型：1.单个单词的意思；2.考查短语的意思；3.考查句子的意思；4.考查代词的意思；5.考查熟词生意；6.考查生词生意。
规律方法：
常见的设问方式：
1. What d the underlined wrds “” mean in paragraph 7?
2． What des “” underlined in paragraph 3 refer t?
3． The wrd "" in paragraph 2 means _________?
4．What d the underlined wrds “” prbably mean?
规律方法
此类题目有的可利用构词法来解答，首先要弄明白构词法的三种形式：派生法、转
化法和合成法，现在高考阅读理解题中的猜测词义题考查派生和合成词形式的较少，主要是需要利用上下文的已知部分进行推理；有的还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义；还有的可以根据定义、解释和举例猜测词义。
（2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷）C
The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism, including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks, and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu.
T d s, I divided the bk int tw parts. In part ne, I describe the philsphical fundatins f digital minimalism, starting with an examinatin f the frces that are making s many peple’s digital lives increasingly intlerable,befre mving n t a detailed discussin f the digital minimalism philsphy.
Part ne cncludes by intrducing my suggested methd fr adpting this philsphy: the digital declutter. This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value.
In the final chapter f part ne, I’ll guide yu thrugh carrying ut yur wn digital declutter. In ding s, I’ll draw n an experiment I ran in 2018 in which ver 1,600 peple agreed t perfrm a digital declutter. Yu’ll hear these participants’ stries and learn what strategies wrked well fr them, and what traps they encuntered that yu shuld avid.
The secnd part f this bk takes a clser lk at sme ideas that will help yu cultivate(培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the imprtance f slitude(独处) and the necessity f cultivating high-quality leisure t replace the time mst nw spend n mindless device use. Each chapter cncludes with a cllectin f practices, which are designed t help yu act n the big ideas f the chapter. Yu can view these practices as a tlbx meant t aid yur effrts t build a minimalist lifestyle that wrks fr yur particular circumstances.
( )29.What des the underlined wrd“declutter” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A.Clear-up.
B.Add-n.
C.Check-in.
D.Take-ver.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一本有关数字极简主义的书的具体内容。
29.A 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的下文“This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days.”可知,这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。由此推知,画线词所在句意为“第一部分通过介绍我建议的采用这一哲学的方法:数字清理进行了总结”,因此画线词的含义为“清理”。
（最新模拟试题演练）
1.（2026·安徽省江淮十校高三上学期8月第一次联考）In recent years, the cncept f “slw travel” has emerged as a reactin t the fast paced, mass turism that dminates the industry. Slw travel encurages travelers t engage prfundly with lcal cultures, stay lnger in destinatins, and frm meaningful cnnectins with lcal cmmunities.
One f the key principles f slw travel is t reduce envirnmental impact. By chsing t stay in lcally-wned accmmdatins, eating at family-run restaurants, and using public transprtatin r bicycles, travelers can significantly decrease their carbn ftprint. Fr instance, a study fund that turists wh engage in slw travel prduce up t 70% less greenhuse gas emissins cmpared t thse n traditinal package turs.
Slw travel als allws fr a deeper cultural understanding. Instead f rushing thrugh turist attractins, slw travelers take the time t participate in lcal traditins, learn abut histrical significance, and interact with residents. This nt nly enriches the travel experience but als prvides ecnmic benefits t lcal cmmunities. In sme rural areas, slw travel initiatives have helped preserve endangered crafts and revitalize (使恢复元气) dying traditins.
Hwever, slw travel is nt withut challenges. It requires mre planning and flexibility, as travelers need t research lcal custms, transprtatin ptins, and authentic experiences. Additinally, slw travel may nt be feasible fr everyne due t time r budget cnstraints (约束). Fr busy prfessinals r families with limited vacatin days, spending weeks in a single destinatin may seem unrealistic.
Despite these challenges, the slw travel mvement cntinues t grw. Travelers are becming mre cnscius f their envirnmental and cultural impact, and many are seeking mre authentic and sustainable ways t explre the wrld. As a result, travel cmpanies are starting t ffer mre slw-travel ptins. such as extended hmestays and cultural immersin prgrams.
8．What is the benefit f slw travel?
A．It can save mney n traveling.
B．It can be mre envirnmentally friendly.
C．It can allw travelers t visit mre places hurriedly.
D．It can increase the financial incme f travel cmpanies.
9．What can we learn abut slw travel frm the third paragraph?
A．It has little impact n lcal ecnmies.
B．It fcuses n superficial interactins with lcals.
C．It discurages travelers frm learning abut histry.
D．It may cntribute t the preservatin f traditinal crafts.
10．What des the underlined wrd “feasible” mean in this cntext?
A．practicalB．inevitableC．cntradictryD．desirable
11．What can be inferred abut the future f slw travel?
A．It will replace traditinal turism entirely.B．It may becme mre ppular in the future.
C．It will cst less as time passes.D．It will nly be accessible t wealthy travelers.
【答案】8．B 9．D 10．A 11．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了近年“慢旅行”兴起以应对快节奏大众旅游，其能减少环境影响、深化文化理解，但存在规划多等挑战，如今仍在发展，相关旅行选择增多。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“One f the key principles f slw travel is t reduce envirnmental impact. By chsing t stay in lcally-wned accmmdatins, eating at family-run restaurants, and using public transprtatin r bicycles, travelers can significantly decrease their carbn ftprint. Fr instance, a study fund that turists wh engage in slw travel prduce up t 70% less greenhuse gas emissins cmpared t thse n traditinal package turs.(慢旅行的关键原则之一是减少对环境的影响。通过选择入住当地经营的酒店、在家庭经营的餐馆用餐以及使用公共交通工具或自行车出行，旅行者能够大幅降低他们的碳足迹。例如，一项研究发现，参与慢旅行的游客所产生的温室气体排放量比参加传统包价旅游的游客少多达70%)”可知，慢旅行可能对环境更有益。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段“In sme rural areas, slw travel initiatives have helped preserve endangered crafts and revitalize (使恢复元气) dying traditins.(在一些农村地区，缓慢的旅游活动有助于保护濒危的技艺，并使濒临消亡的传统得以复兴)”可知，慢旅行可能有助于传统工艺的传承。故选D。
10．细节理解题。根据划线词所在句“slw travel may nt be feasible fr everyne due t time r budget cnstraints”(由于时间或预算的限制，慢速旅行可能并不feasible每个人)以及后文举例“spending weeks in a single destinatin may seem unrealistic(在同一个地方停留数周似乎不太现实)”可知，此处指慢旅行对某些人可能不“实际可行”。故选项A“可行的”符合语境。故选A。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Despite these challenges, the slw travel mvement cntinues t grw. Travelers are becming mre cnscius f their envirnmental and cultural impact, and many are seeking mre authentic and sustainable ways t explre the wrld. As a result, travel cmpanies are starting t ffer mre slw-travel ptins. such as extended hmestays and cultural immersin prgrams.(尽管面临诸多挑战，慢旅行运动仍在持续发展。旅行者们越来越意识到自身对环境和文化的潜在影响，许多人正在寻求更真实且可持续的方式来探索世界。因此，旅游公司也开始提供更多的慢旅行选择，比如延长的寄宿体验和文化沉浸式项目)”可知，慢旅行在未来可能会变得更加流行。故选B。
2.（2026·江苏省盐城市七校联盟高三上学期9月月考）Yu stayed up t late brwsing thrugh yur phne, answering emails r watching just ne mre episde. The next mrning, yu feel sleepy and impatient. That dessert r sandwich suddenly lks mre appealing than yur usual ygurt and berries. This isn’t just abut willpwer. Yur brain, shrt n rest, is pushing yu tward quick, high-calrie fixes.
Research shws that insufficient sleep disturbs hunger signals, weakens self-cntrl and increases yur risk f weight gain. Sleep inadequacy affects millins. Mre than ne-third f U.S. adults regularly get less than seven hurs f sleep per night. Nearly three-quarters f adlescents fall shrt f the recmmended 8-10 hurs sleep during the schl week. First respnders, including nurses, firefighters and emergency wrkers, are especially vulnerable due t night shifts and varying uncntrllable schedules. These patterns disturb the bdy’s internal clck and are linked t increased appetite, pr eating habits and elevated risks fr besity and metablic disease.
Studies shw that after just ne night f sleep deprivatin (匮乏), reward-related areas such as the amygdala, a part f the brain that drives mtivatin and reward-seeking, becme mre reactive t inviting fd. Yur brain becmes mre excited by junk fd and less capable f resisting it. Participants in sleep deprivatin studies nt nly rated high-calrie fds as mre desirable but were als mre likely t chse them, regardless f hw hungry they actually felt.
Sleep is as imprtant as diet and exercise in maintaining a healthy weight. Frtunately, even a few nights f cnsistent, high-quality sleep can help rebalance key systems and start t reverse sme f these effects. In a culture that glrifies hustle and late nights, sleep is ften treated as ptinal. S the next time yu find yurself reaching fr junk fd after a shrt night, recgnize that yur bilgy is reacting t stress. Sleep is yur mst pwerful tl fr appetite cntrl, energy regulatin and lng-term health.
8．What phenmenn des the authr pint ut in paragraph 1?
A．High-calrie fds are mre attractive.
B．Staying up late can make peple dizzy.
C．Sleep lss stimulates the brain fr appetite.
D．Peple are addicted t using mbile phnes.
9．Why are first respnders mre likely t suffer frm sleep deprivatin?
A．They have unhealthy lifestyles.
B．They bear expectatin f the sciety.
C．They have demanding and shifting schedules.
D．They have much pressure frm the wrklad.
10．Why is the brain mre likely t shift int the reward mde after sleep insufficiency?
A．The brain becmes mre excited and unrealistic.
B．Sleep lss changes hw the brain evaluates fd.
C．The brain reacts mre quickly t the envirnment.
D．Sleep lss changes hw the bdy absrbs nutrients.
11．What des the authr advcate in the last paragraph?
A．Getting enugh sleep.B．Putting dwn the electrnics.
C．Staying away frm junk fd.D．Cntrlling ur weight.
【答案】8．C 9．C 10．B 11．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是睡眠不足对食欲、体重及整体健康的影响。
8．细节理解题。从文章第一段最后一句“Yur brain, shrt n rest, is pushing yu tward quick, high-calrie fixes.(你的大脑因缺乏休息，正在把你推向快速、高热量食物的解决方案。)”可知，作者在第一段中指出的现象是睡眠不足会刺激大脑产生食欲。故选C。
9．推理判断题。从文章第二段“First respnders, including nurses, firefighters and emergency wrkers, are especially vulnerable due t night shifts and varying uncntrllable schedules.(由于夜班和各种不可控的时间表，包括护士、消防员和急救人员在内的急救人员尤其容易受到伤害。)”可知，急救人员更容易睡眠不足是因为他们的日程安排要求很高，而且多变。故选C。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段“Studies shw that after just ne night f sleep deprivatin (匮乏), reward-related areas such as the amygdala, a part f the brain that drives mtivatin and reward-seeking, becme mre reactive t inviting fd. Yur brain becmes mre excited by junk fd and less capable f resisting it. Participants in sleep deprivatin studies nt nly rated high-calrie fds as mre desirable but were als mre likely t chse them, regardless f hw hungry they actually felt.(研究表明，在仅仅一个晚上的睡眠不足之后，与奖励相关的区域，如杏仁核（大脑中驱动动机和寻求奖励的部分），对诱人的食物反应会变得更加强烈。你的大脑会因为垃圾食品而变得更加兴奋，并且无法抵抗它。睡眠剥夺研究的参与者不仅认为高热量食物更可取，而且更有可能选择它们，而不管他们实际上有多饿。)”可知，睡眠不足后大脑更容易进入奖励模式是因为睡眠不足会改变大脑对食物的评价。故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“S the next time yu find yurself reaching fr junk fd after a shrt night, recgnize that yur bilgy is reacting t stress. Sleep is yur mst pwerful tl fr appetite cntrl, energy regulatin and lng-term health.(所以，下次当你发现自己在短暂的一夜之后想吃垃圾食品时，要认识到你的生理机能正在对压力做出反应。睡眠是控制食欲、调节能量和长期健康的最有力工具。)”可知，作者在最后一段主张保证充足的睡眠。故选A。
Yung peple in the United States d nt have a strng understanding f the wrld and their place in it.
3.（2026·云南三校高三备考实用性8月联考卷（二））Tipping has lng been a widely accepted scial nrm in Nrth America. But nw mre and mre peple are feeling tip fatigue frm being “frced” t tip mre frequently.
Sme cnsumers are psting n scial media cmplaining abut tip requests at restaurants. Others say they’re tired f being asked t leave a tip fr a simple cup f cffee. What’s next, they wnder — are we ging t be tipping ur dctrs and dentists, t?
As mre businesses start t include digital frms f payment, custmers are autmatically being asked t leave a tip — many times as high as 30% — at places they nrmally wuldn’t. And sme say it has becme mre frustrating as the price f items has skyrcketed due t inflatin (通货膨胀).
The digital requests can prduce scial pressure and are mre difficult t avid. In the past, shppers culd easily ignre tip jars if they didn’t have any spare change. Nwadays, yur genersity — r lack f it — can be laid bare fr anyne clse enugh t glance at the screen — including the wrkers themselves.
Tipping was brn in the Middle Ages in Eurpe, a custm where servants wuld receive an extra tip frm their masters fr excellent perfrmance. Tips were left in Eurpean pubs t ensure quick and gd service. Wealthy Americans discvered the traditin fr themselves in the 1850s and 1860s and they brught it back t the states as a way t feel nble.
Traditinally, cnsumers have taken pride in being gd tippers at places like restaurants, which typically pay their wrkers lwer than the minimum wage. But many cnsumers are nw feeling annyed by autmatic tip requests at cffee shps and ther cunter service eateries where tipping has nt typically been expected.
The pandemic has als sped up the trend twards mre tipping. Michael Lynn, a cnsumer behavir prfessr, said cnsumers were mre generus with tips during the early days f the COVID-19 pandemic. They were shwing supprt fr wrkers wh held jbs that put them mre at risk f catching the virus.
Tips at full-service restaurants grew by 25.3% in the third quarter f 2022, while tips at quick r cunter service restaurants went up 16.7% cmpared t the same time perid in 2021, accrding t data. This data shws that this same perid has been experiencing cntinuus grwth since 2019.
8．Which f the fllwing is a reasn why many cnsumers are feeling tip fatigue?
A．Cnsumers ften have t pay tips fr sme simple services.
B．The inflatin culd prvide peple with mre chances t tip.
C．Cnsumers are wrried they have t tip dctrs in the future.
D．The digital frms f payment allw custmers t tip freely.
9．The digital frms f payment have ______.
A．made tipping less than a chice
B．decreased the frequency f tipping
C．reduced scial pressure related t tipping
D．remved the need fr tipping altgether
10．Why did wealthy Americans adpt the tipping traditin frm Eurpe?
A．T reward excellent perfrmance by peple.
B．T ensure quick and gd service in pubs.
C．T supprt wrkers during financial crises.
D．T shwcase that they are peple f high scial rank.
11．The last tw paragraphs mainly talk abut ______.
A．the histry and rigins f tipping in Eurpe and America
B．the influence f the COVID-19 epidemic n tipping trends
C．variatin in tipping habits in different types f restaurants
D．scial pressure and frustratin caused by digital tipping
【答案】8．A 9．A 10．D 11．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了欧美的小费日益增高，人们对此表现出小费厌倦。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“Others say they’re tired f being asked t leave a tip fr a simple cup f cffee. (其他人说，他们厌倦了被要求为简单的一杯咖啡留下小费。)”可知，消费者经常要为一些简单的服务付小费。故选A。
9．细节理解题。根据第四段“The digital requests can prduce scial pressure and are mre difficult t avid. In the past, shppers culd easily ignre tip jars if they didn’t have any spare change. Nwadays, yur genersity — r lack f it — can be laid bare fr anyne clse enugh t glance at the screen — including the wrkers themselves. (数字请求会产生社会压力，更难避免。过去，如果购物者没有多余的零钱，他们可以很容易地忽略小费。如今，你的慷慨——或缺乏慷慨——可以暴露给任何靠近屏幕的人，包括工人自己。)”可知，在电子支付盛行的今天，是否慷慨 (给的小费金额)，赤裸裸地展示在屏幕上，任何可以看到屏幕的人都知道，并无隐私而言，而是带有一定的强制性。故选A。
10．推理判断题。根据第五段“Wealthy Americans discvered the traditin fr themselves in the 1850s and 1860s and they brught it back t the states as a way t feel nble. (19世纪五六十年代，富有的美国人自己发现了这一传统，并将其带回美国，作为一种彰显高贵的方式。)”可知，富有的美国人采用欧洲的小费传统是为了彰显他们高贵的身份。故选D。
11．主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“The pandemic has als sped up the trend twards mre tipping. Michael Lynn, a cnsumer behavir prfessr, said cnsumers were mre generus with tips during the early days f the COVID-19 pandemic. (疫情也加速了更多小费的趋势。消费者行为教授迈克尔·林恩表示，在新冠疫情初期，消费者给的小费更多。)”以及最后一段“Tips at full-service restaurants grew by 25.3% in the third quarter f 2022, while tips at quick r cunter service restaurants went up 16.7% cmpared t the same time perid in 2021, accrding t data. This data shws that this same perid has been experiencing cntinuus grwth since 2019. (数据显示，2022年第三季度，全服务餐厅的小费增长了25.3%，而快速或柜台服务餐厅的小费与2021年同期相比增长了16.7%。这些数据表明，自2019年以来，这一时期一直在持续增长。)”可知，最后两段主要讲述了新冠疫情对小费趋势的影响。故选B。
4.（2026·黑龙江省龙东联盟高三上学期开学考试）Walk arund mst large cities in Eurpe and the United States, and yu’d be thinking that we’re living in a new wrld f affrdable and effrtless mbility fr all, with the smartphne in yur pcket an entrance t shared bikes and electric cars. But if yu’re disabled r elderly, living in a lw-incme area r withut a smartphne r credit card, using these shared mbility services becmes a lt mre difficult.
Shared mbility culd be a key part f a mre sustainable transprtatin system. But t be mst effective, it needs t include everyne. Right nw, varius initiatives and prjects are seeking creative slutins t reach underserved cmmunities.
The E-Bike Library mdel was brn in such cntext. E-bike libraries address a number f barriers: The bikes are free, and the libraries are hsted by places that are already an imprtant part f the cmmunity. In additin t maintaining the bikes, the prgrams als rganize training, grup rides and educatinal events t familiarize peple with cycling culture and safety.
Fr Mbitwin, a scial transprtatin service fr elderly peple and thse with reduced mbility, persnal interactins and affrdability are imprtant. Funded by the Belgian mbility nngvernmental rganizatin Mpact, Mbitwin lets elderly peple request a vehicle ride frm a vlunteer fr a minimal fee. The prgram, which has been running since the 1980s, currently serves arund 40,000 peple in Belgium.
Being able t get ut and abut is a crucial part f participating in sciety, and reduced mbility in ld age ges hand in hand with scial islatin and lneliness, accrding t Esen Köse, prject manager at Mpact. “We want t make sure that peple wh are ften nt in the scial cycle f ging t wrk r schl, wh are actually ften left ut, still have an ptin t get ut f the huse and d the simple daily things, like ging t the grcery stre r seeing families,” he says, “ur big gal is t engage as many peple as pssible in shared mbility, s supprting service is essential t facilitate this shift.”
28．What is the prblem with the current shared mbility accrding t the text?
A．Disturbance t traffic rder.B．Overdependence n smart devices.
C．Limited invlvement f certain grups.D．Heavy financial burden fr vehicle users.
29．Hw des the E-Bike Library help underserved grups?
A．By upgrading cycling facilities.B．By publishing cycling-related bks.
C．By building a cycling-supprt cmmunity.D．By prviding safety guarantees fr cycling.
30．Which f the fllwing wrds best describes Mbitwin?
A．Experimental.B．Cmmercial.C．Accessible.D．Digital.
31．What can yu infer frm Esen Köse’s wrds?
A．Scial mbility depends n financial aid.
B．Shared mbility prmtes green travel shift.
C．Public mbility is mainly based n device updates.
D．Mbility is a key t the elderly’s emtinal wellness.
【答案】28．C 29．C 30．C 31．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了两个项目，致力于解决共享移动服务人群覆盖不足的问题。
28．细节理解题。根据第一段“But if yu’re disabled r elderly, living in a lw-incme area r withut a smartphne r credit card, using these shared mbility services becmes a lt mre difficult.(但如果你身有残疾、年事已高、居住在低收入地区或者没有智能手机和信用卡，那么使用这些共享出行服务就会变得困难得多)”和第二段“But t be mst effective, it needs t include everyne.(但要发挥最大的效力，它就必须让所有人都参与进来)”可知，残疾人群和老年人群使用共享移动服务困难，共享移动服务需要将社会的每一个人包括进来。故选C。
29．细节理解题。根据第三段“The E-Bike Library mdel was brn in such cntext. E-bike libraries address a number f barriers: The bikes are free, and the libraries are hsted by places that are already an imprtant part f the cmmunity. In additin t maintaining the bikes, the prgrams als rganize training, grup rides and educatinal events t familiarize peple with cycling culture and safety.(“电动自行车图书馆”模式正是在这种背景下应运而生的。电动自行车图书馆解决了诸多难题：这些自行车是免费提供的，而且图书馆设立在已经深深融入社区的场所内。除了维护自行车外，这些项目还组织培训、团体骑行活动以及教育活动，以帮助人们熟悉骑行文化和安全知识)”可知，电动自行车图书馆通过建立一个支持骑行的社群帮助那些弱势群体。故选C。
30．推理判断题。根据第四段“Fr Mbitwin, a scial transprtatin service fr elderly peple and thse with reduced mbility, persnal interactins and affrdability are imprtant. Funded by the Belgian mbility nngvernmental rganizatin Mpact, Mbitwin lets elderly peple request a vehicle ride frm a vlunteer fr a minimal fee.(对于“摩比特温”这一专为老年人及行动不便者提供的社交出行服务而言，人际互动和价格合理性至关重要。该服务由比利时的非政府组织“姆帕克特”创立，它允许老年人向志愿者申请乘车服务，并只需支付少量费用)”可知，Mbitwin使老年人能以极低廉的价格获得志愿者搭载服务，特点是“可获得的”。故选C。
31．推理判断题。根据第五段“We want t make sure that peple wh are ften nt in the scial cycle f ging t wrk r schl, wh are actually ften left ut, still have an ptin t get ut f the huse and d the simple daily things, like ging t the grcery stre r seeing families(我们希望确保那些通常无法参与正常工作或上学的群体（他们往往会被排除在外），仍然能够有机会走出家门，去做一些简单的日常事情，比如去超市购物或者探望家人)”和“Being able t get ut and abut is a crucial part f participating in sciety, and reduced mbility in ld age ges hand in hand with scial islatin and lneliness, accrding t Esen Köse, prject manager at Mpact.(埃森·科斯是“Mpact”项目的负责人，他表示：“能够外出活动是参与社会生活的重要组成部分，而老年人行动能力的下降往往伴随着社交孤立和孤独感的产生。”)”可知，增强老年人的活动能力，使其有条件走出家门参与日常社会活动是减少其情感孤独的关键因素之一。故选D。
5.（2025·湖南省怀化市高三上学期开学）A recent study reveals that the ability t see things frm thers’ perspectives (观点) may augment creativity. Researchers frm the University f Vienna cnducted experiments with yung Chinese adults t examine hw different types f empathy (同理心) relate t creative thinking and achievement.
The study measured tw kinds f empathy: cgnitive empathy (understanding thers’ pints f view) and emtinal empathy (sharing thers’ feelings). Participants cmpleted questinnaires abut their empathic tendencies and reprted their creative activities ver the past year, such as writing, inventing, r artistic pursuits. Researchers als analyzed lng-term data frm China’s Gene-Brain-Behavir Prject t track creative develpment.
Results shwed that peple with strnger cgnitive empathy engaged in mre creative activities and achieved greater success in fields like visual arts, science, and writing. Interestingly, emtinal empathy didn’t shw the same cnnectin t creativity. The benefits f perspective-taking appeared strngest in areas requiring innvative thinking rather than technical skills like music perfrmance.
Further analysis suggested that understanding different viewpints might stimulate creativity by expsing individuals t diverse ways f thinking. Hwever, the emtinal aspect f empathy didn’t cntribute similarly, pssibly because it requires mental energy that culd therwise be used fr creative wrk. The findings highlight hw develping ur ability t see thrugh thers’ eyes might be an effective way t bst creative ptential, especially in fields that value nvel appraches and slutins.
Whatever the case, the findings suggest that increasing yur ability t take smene’s perspectives might be a gd thing fr yur creativity. Frtunately, empathy can be cultivated thrugh deliberate effrt. One effective methd is t engage with bks r watch TV r films and mentally place yurself in the characters’ shes, thereby building yur perspective-taking muscles. Yu can als build empathy by interacting with peple wh are different frm yu in sme way, while being curius abut their inner life and deeply listening t their perspectives.
28．What des the underlined wrd “augment” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Put ff.B．Call fr.C．Hld back.D．Add t.
29．Why is cgnitive empathy linked t greater creative achievement?
A．It shares thers’ emtinal experiences.B．It intrduces different thught prcesses.
C．It ffers mental energy amng innvatrs.D．It helps individuals master technical skills.
30．Hw can peple develp empathy?
A．By rle-imagining.B．By expsing inner wrld.
C．By wrking ut.D．By cmparing backgrunds.
31．Which can be the best title fr the text?
A．The Science f Creativity: Hw It Unlcks Empathy
B．The Mental Prcess f Seeing Thrugh Others’ Eyes
C．Understanding Others: the Key t Yur Next Big Idea
D．Seeing Differently Rarely Meaning Thinking Differently
【答案】28．D 29．B 30．A 31．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了一项研究揭示的从他人视角看问题的能力可能会增强创造力，还介绍了研究中涉及的两种同理心、研究结果以及培养同理心的方法等。
28．词句猜测题。根据下文研究结果“Results shwed that peple with strnger cgnitive empathy engaged in mre creative activities and achieved greater success in fields like visual arts, science, and writing. (结果表明，具有较强认知同理心的人参与更多的创造性活动，并在视觉艺术、科学和写作等领域取得更大的成功)”可知，有更强认知同理心的人创造力更强，这说明从他人视角看问题的能力可能会“增强”创造力，由此可推测，“augment”的意思是“增加、增强”，与“Add t”意思相近。故选D项。
29．细节理解题。根据第四段“Further analysis suggested that understanding different viewpints might stimulate creativity by expsing individuals t diverse ways f thinking. (进一步的分析表明，理解不同的观点可能会通过让个人接触到不同的思维方式来激发创造力)”可知，认知同理心与更强的创造性成就相关，是因为它能让人们接触到不同的思维过程。故选B项。
30．细节理解题。根据最后一段“One effective methd is t engage with bks r watch TV r films and mentally place yurself in the characters’ shes, thereby building yur perspective-taking muscles. (一种有效的方法是阅读书籍或观看电视、电影，在心理上设身处地为角色着想，从而锻炼自己的换位思考能力)”可知，通过角色想象，在心理上置身于角色的处境可以培养同理心。故选A项。
31．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A recent study reveals that the ability t see things frm thers’ perspectives (观点) may augment creativity. (最近一项研究表明，从他人视角看待事物的能力可能会增强创造力)”并结合全文内容可知，文章开篇指出研究表明从他人视角看问题的能力可能会增强创造力，接着介绍了研究中对两种同理心的测量、研究结果（认知同理心与创造力相关），还说明了培养同理心的方法，全文围绕“理解他人（从他人视角看问题）有助于创造力”这一核心展开，C选项“理解他人：你下一个伟大想法的关键”能够概括文章主旨，可以作为最佳标题。故选C项。
6.（2027·福建省（全国名校联盟）高三上学期开学摸底联考）A new study shws chsing exercise yu enjy is vital fr lasting benefits like strength gains and stress relief. “Peple try t becme mre active but struggle t sustain the changes,” said Dr. Rnca frm UCLA．“We examined hw persnality affects this t develp better health interventins.”
In this study, researchers assessed 132 participants’ fitness level and persnalities, and then divided them int tw grups: half tk part in an eight-week prgram cmbining cycling and strength training, while the ther half were a nn-exercise cntrl grup. During the exercise prgram, participants were asked t rate their enjyment f each exercise sessin, befre having their fitness level tested again nce the prgram had been cmpleted.
Clear links appeared between persnality and preference. Extrverts (外向者)particularly enjyed high-intensity exercise sessins. Participants wh scred high n anxiety engaged well with the prgram but preferred shrt bursts f intensity ver lnger effrts. They als preferred nt being mnitred, suggesting these individuals might appreciate being given space fr independence and privacy. Highly hardwrking and reliable individuals demnstrated strng self-discipline and verall fitness gains, likely mtivated by health benefits rather than enjyment itself.
At the beginning f the study, the stress levels f the interventin grup and the cntrl grup were similar. Hwever, the nly participants t experience a significant reductin in stress levels after exercising were thse with high tendency t wrry, suggesting tailred exercise ffers them particular stress relief benefits.
When chsing a sprt, the public shuld cnsider persnal interests rather than blindly fllwing trends. The mst imprtant thing peple can d t imprve their activity levels is t find smething that they enjy, making exercise a truly sustainable habit. “We fund sme clear links between persnality and exercise preferences, which culd ptentially be used t persnalize physical activity recmmendatins and help peple t becme and remain mre active,” said Dr. Rnca.
8．Hw were participants’ respnses measured?
A．By recrding their heart rate.B．By assessing their sense f pleasure.
C．By attending interview sessins.D．By tracking exercise preferences.
9．Wh is mst likely t stick t a 4-hur bxing grup class?
A．Mr. Yu, an extrvert wh avids tiring wrkut.
B．Kevin, a shy by wh lves watching bxing games.
C．Mnica, a trendy blgger wh values persnal space.
D．Ms. Li, a disciplined teacher wh seeks weight lss.
10．What can we learn abut participants with high anxiety?
A．Their stress gt relieved after exercises.B．They preferred intense exercises.
C．Their fitness imprved mre with cmpany.D．They made health benefits a pririty.
11．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Why High-Intensity Wrkuts Suit Extrverts
B．Hw Fitness Testing Imprves Exercise Enjyment
C．Persnality Preferences: Key t Sustainable Exercise
D．Exercise Enjyment: Benefits f Mnitring Exercise
【答案】8．B 9．D 10．A 11．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍研究发现选择自己喜欢的锻炼方式，更容易坚持下去。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段中“During the exercise prgram, participants were asked t rate their enjyment f each exercise sessin, befre having their fitness level tested again nce the prgram had been cmpleted.(在锻炼项目中，参与者被要求评价他们对每次锻炼的享受程度，然后在项目完成后再次测试他们的健康水平)”可知，参与者的反应是通过评价他们的享受程度来测量的。故选B。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Extrverts (外向者)particularly enjyed high-intensity exercise sessins. Participants wh scred high n anxiety engaged well with the prgram but preferred shrt bursts f intensity ver lnger effrts.(外向的人特别喜欢高强度的锻炼。焦虑得分高的参与者对这个项目的反应很好，但他们更喜欢短时间的高强度锻炼，而不是长时间的锻炼)”和“Highly hardwrking and reliable individuals demnstrated strng self-discipline and verall fitness gains, likely mtivated by health benefits rather than enjyment itself.(高度努力和可靠的个人表现出强烈的自律和整体健康收益，可能是出于健康益处而不是享受本身)”可知，外向的人喜欢高强度的锻炼，焦虑的人喜欢短时间的锻炼，高度努力和可靠的人表现出强烈的自律和整体健康收益。由此推知，严于律己且正在减肥的李老师最有可能坚持4小时的拳击课。故选D。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Hwever, the nly participants t experience a significant reductin in stress levels after exercising were thse with high tendency t wrry, suggesting tailred exercise ffers them particular stress relief benefits.(然而，唯一在锻炼后压力水平显著降低的参与者是那些容易焦虑的人，这表明量身定制的锻炼对他们的压力释放有特别的好处)”可知，高度焦虑的参与者在锻炼后压力得到了释放。故选A。
11．主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第一段中“A new study shws chsing exercise yu enjy is vital fr lasting benefits like strength gains and stress relief.(一项新的研究表明，选择你喜欢的运动对增强力量和缓解压力等持久的好处至关重要)”和最后一段中“When chsing a sprt, the public shuld cnsider persnal interests rather than blindly fllwing trends. The mst imprtant thing peple can d t imprve their activity levels is t find smething that they enjy, making exercise a truly sustainable habit.(在选择一项运动时，公众应该考虑个人兴趣，而不是盲目跟风。为了提高运动水平，人们能做的最重要的事情就是找到自己喜欢的事情，让锻炼成为一个真正可持续的习惯)”可知，文章主要介绍研究发现选择自己喜欢的锻炼方式，更容易坚持下去，即个性是坚持锻炼的关键。C项“个性偏好：持续锻炼的关键”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选C。
1.（2026·福建省厦门双十中学高三上学期开学）When discussins are getting heated, divisins n pinins ptentially lead t sme awkward mments. This causes many f us t struggle with hw t cnvince peple t change their minds and hw t argue ur side effectively. Unfrtunately, we’ve already becme quite divided.
One study shwed that when peple receive infrmatin against their beliefs, their brains aren’t as active as when they receive infrmatin that cnfirms their beliefs. Humans have a well- dcumented bias (偏见) called the “cnfirmatin bias”, which is a tendency t seek ut infrmatin that cnfirms ur existing views and t avid infrmatin that discnfirms them.
Thrwing data at peple isn’t at all effective in changing minds and especially hearts. Instead, peple just find it super annying. Luckily, research has prvided sme guidance abut best practices, and, nt surprisingly, they all suggest what ur parents have been telling us fr decades: Yu catch mre flies with hney than with vinegar. In fact, it turns ut that instead f citing why yu are right and smene else is wrng in a heated cnversatin, ne f the mst effective strategies yu can use fr changing smene’s mind is t find areas where yu agree.
Anther thing we can d is t be pen t ther perspectives (观点) . We can start by acknwledging ur wn cnfirmatin bias and making a cnscius effrt t verride it. We can als try t take ther peple’s perspectives. And better yet — ask them fr it. Ask them why they feel the way they d and what wuld change their mind. Be pen t admitting that yu culd be wrng and make it easy fr thers t admit their wn mistakes.
Finally, make new friends — friends that are different frm yu. Make yur bias a discnfirmatin bias;in ther wrds, when yu have an pinin n smething, dn’t just read infrmatin that cnfirms it. Instead, make an effrt t find infrmatin that culd ptentially prve yu wrng. If yu were right all alng, this exercise will nly make yur arguments strnger. If yu were wrng, yur mind will have been pened up t new ideas. Either way, this kind f pen-mindedness will give yu a brand-new perspective n life, and yu might even make sme unlikely new friends in the prcess.
8．Which can illustrate “cnfirmatin bias”?
A．We tend t welcme different ideas.
B．We accept messages frm the thers.
C．We argue against pints f disagreement.
D．We prefer infrmatin in line with ur views
9．What des the underlined wrd “hney”in paragraph 3 refer t?
A．Fllwing advice.B．Sharing cmmn grund.
C．Admitting mistakes.D．Blcking different ideas.
10．Hw can we benefit frm ur bias accrding t the last paragraph?
A．By letting g f ur wn pinin.
B．By making arguments mre reliable.
C．By pening up minds t new friends.
D．By securing infrmatin ppsite t urs.
11．What is the best title f the text?
A．Hw t negtiate with thers
B．Why it’s s hard t change hearts and minds
C．Hw t shift minds in plarized cmmunicatin
D．Why pen-mindedness is effective in cnversatins
【答案】8．D 9．B 10．D 11．C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文，主要介绍了人们在面对与自己观点相反的信息时，往往会产生“确认偏见”，即倾向于寻找能证实自己观点的信息，而避免与之相反的信息。文章建议我们在争论中寻找共同点，开放自己的观点，接纳不同的信息，这样可以使我们的观点更有说服力，也能开阔我们的视野。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“Humans have a well- dcumented bias (偏见) called the“cnfirmatin bias”, which is a tendency t seek ut infrmatin that cnfirms ur existing views and t avid infrmatin that discnfirms them. ”（人类有一种有据可查的偏见，称为“确认偏见”，这是一种倾向，即寻找证实我们现有观点的信息，避免不符合这些观点的信息。）可知，D选项“我们更喜欢符合我们观点的信息”符合确认偏见”。故选D。
9．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“In fact, it turns ut that instead f citing why yu are right and smene else is wrng in a heated cnversatin, ne f the mst effective strategies yu can usefr changing smene’s mind is t find areas where yu agree.”（事实证明，在激烈的争论中，改变他人观点最有效的策略之一就是找到你们共同认同的地方，而不是列举你为什么是对的，别人为什么是错的。）可推知，“hney”指的是找到共同的立场。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Make yur bias a discnfirmatin bias;in ther wrds, when yu have an pinin n smething, dn’t just read infrmatin that cnfirms it. Instead, make an effrt t find infrmatin that culd ptentially prve yu wrng. If yu were right all alng, this exercise will nly make yur arguments strnger. If yu were wrng, yur mind will have been pened up t new ideas.”（让你的偏见成为一种不确认的偏见；换句话说，当你对某事有看法时，不要只阅读证实它的信息。相反，要努力寻找可能证明你错了的信息。如果你一直都是对的，这个练习只会让你的论点更有力。如果你错了，你的思想就会向新思想开放。）可知，获取与我们相反的信息能让我们受益。故选D。
11．主旨大意题。主要讲述了人们在面对与自己观点相反的信息时，往往会产生“确认偏见”，即倾向于寻找能证实自己观点的信息，而避免与之相反的信息。文章建议我们在争论中寻找共同点，开放自己的观点，接纳不同的信息，这样可以使我们的观点更有说服力，也能开阔我们的视野。所以短文的最佳标题为“如何在两极分化的交流中改变思想”。故选C。
2.（2026·湖北省孝感高级中学高三上学期8月测试）Plar bears have a hidden-in-plain-sight superpwer that has lng been knwn t Indigenus peples f the Arctic, but nly nw has been nticed and studied by scientists.
Bdil Hlst at the University f Bergen in Nrway is a physicist wh studies the prperties f surfaces. Her interest in plar bear fur began when, while watching a TV quiz prgramme, she saw that the bears hardly shw upn infrared (红外线的) cameras because they are s well insulated (被隔热的). That means the temperature f their uter fur is belw freezing, Hlst realised, but she had never seen a plar bear in wildlife films that was cated with ice, even after swimming in sub-zer waters. “And then I thught, well, hw cme freezing is nt a prblem?” she says.
This is, after all, a prblem fr many ther land mammals in cld envirnments. Hlst asked researchers at the Nrwegian Plar Institute if they knew why plar bear fur desn’t ice up. Nne did, but they decided t investigate tgether. Hlst and her clleagues btained samples f plar bear fur frm the wild and cmpared them with human hair. They fund that the frce required t remve ice frm plar bear hair was a quarter f what was needed fr human hair.
Washing plar bear fur remved its ice resistance, suggesting that the ily cating n the hairs, knwn as sebum (皮脂), is the key t its prperties. This substance lacks squalene (角鲨烯) but cntains sme unusual fatty acids which culd be unique t plar bears, but we need further studies t lk at the cmpsitin f animal sebum, says Hlst.
Arctic peples have traditinally used the fur in ways that make use f its ice-resistant prperties. Fr instance, Inuit hunters in Greenland have placed small pieces f plar bear fur under the legs f the benches t stp them sticking t ice. They als strapped plar bear fur t the sles f bts while tracking animals, t avid the nise made by ice-cated surfaces.
Hlst’s team is nw explring ptential applicatins, such as creating envirnmentally friendly ski waxes that cntain n lng-lasting flurcarbn (碳氟化合物) currently used t prevent icing. A hair wax based n plar bear sebum culd als help peple wh wrk in cld envirnments. “I had nt thught abut that applicatin, but abslutely, that shuld wrk,” says Hlst.
8．What made Hlst curius abut plar bear fur?
A．Plar bear’s lw inner bdy temperature.
B．Plar bear’s invisibility n infrared cameras.
C．Plar bear’s resistance t sub-zer envirnments.
D．Plar bear’s appearance in a TV quiz prgramme.
9．Hw did Hlst and her clleagues carry ut their research?
A．By keeping track f plar bears in the Arctic.
B．By cntrasting plar bear fur with human hair.
C．By remving plar bear fur’s warming functin.
D．By bserving Arctic peples using plar bear fur.
10．What cntributes t the ice resistance f plar bear fur?
A．Its physical prperties.B．Its similarity t human hair.
C．Its ily cating called sebum.D．Its unique squalene cmpsitin.
11．Which f the fllwing is the ptential applicatin f plar bear fur?
A．Designing nn-stick bts.B．Making nise-reducing cats.
C．Creating heat-resistant benches.D．Develping ice-free hair prducts.
【答案】8．B 9．B 10．C 11．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北极熊毛发的抗冰特性及其潜在应用。
8．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的句子“Bdil Hlst at the University f Bergen in Nrway is a physicist wh studies the prperties f surfaces. Her interest in plar bear fur began when, while watching a TV quiz prgramme, she saw that the bears hardly shw upn infrared (红外线的) cameras because they are s well insulated (被隔热的). (挪威卑尔根大学的Bdil Hlst是一位研究表面特性的物理学家。她对北极熊皮毛的兴趣始于一次电视智力竞赛节目，当时她看到北极熊在红外摄像机上几乎看不到，因为它们的绝缘性很好。)”可知，Hlst对北极熊感兴趣的是北极熊在红外摄像机上的隐身性。故选B项。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的句子“Hlst and her clleagues btained samples f plar bear fur frm the wild and cmpared them with human hair. They fund that the frce required t remve ice frm plar bear hair was a quarter f what was needed fr human hair. (Hlst和她的同事们从野外获得了北极熊的皮毛样本，并将它们与人类的头发进行了比较。他们发现，除去北极熊毛发上的冰所需的力是人类毛发所需力的四分之一。)”可知，Hlst和她的同事们通过对比北极熊毛发和人类头发来开展研究。故选B项。
10．细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的句子“Washing plar bear fur remved its ice resistance, suggesting that the ily cating n the hairs, knwn as sebum (皮脂), is the key t its prperties. (清洗北极熊的皮毛可以去除其抗冰性，这表明毛发上的油性涂层，即皮脂，是其特性的关键。)”可知，北极熊毛发的抗冰性主要归功于其表面的油脂层——皮脂。故选C项。
11．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的句子“Hlst’s team is nw explring ptential applicatins, such as creating envirnmentally friendly ski waxes that cntain n lng-lasting flurcarbn (碳氟化合物) currently used t prevent icing. A hair wax based n plar bear sebum culd als help peple wh wrk in cld envirnments. (Hlst的团队目前正在探索潜在的应用，比如制造不含长效氟碳的环保型滑雪蜡，这种蜡目前用于防止结冰。一种基于北极熊皮脂的发蜡也可以帮助那些在寒冷环境中工作的人。)”可知，基于北极熊皮脂的发蜡可以帮助在寒冷环境中工作的人，所以，北极熊皮毛的潜在应用是研发防冰护发产品。故选D项。
3.（2026·湖南省长沙市麓山国际实验学校高三上学期入学考试）Prper questining has becme a lst art. The curius fur-year-ld asks a lt f questins—incessant streams f “Why?” and “Why nt?” might sund familiar—but as we grw lder, ur questining decreases. In a recent survey f mre than 200 f ur clients, we fund that thse with children estimated that 70-80% f their kids’ dialgues with thers were cmprised f questins. But thse same clients said that nly 15-25% f their wn interactins cnsisted f questins. Why the drp ff?
Think back t yur time grwing up and in schl. Chances are that yu received the mst recgnitin r reward when yu gt the crrect answers. Later in life, that mtivatr cntinues. At wrk, we ften reward thse wh answer questins, nt thse wh ask them. Questining cnventinal wisdm can even lead t being distanced, r cnsidered a threat.
Because expectatins fr decisin-making have gne frm “get it dne sn” t “get it dne nw” t “it shuld have been dne yesterday”, we tend t jump t cnclusins instead f asking mre questins. And the unfrtunate side effect f nt asking enugh questins is pr decisin-making. That’s why it’s vital that we slw dwn and take the time t ask mre and better questins. At best, we’ll arrive at better cnclusins. At wrst, we’ll avid a lt f rewrk later n.
Aside frm nt speaking up enugh, many prfessinals dn’t think abut hw different types f questins can lead t different utcmes. We shuld lead a cnversatin by asking the right kinds f questins, based n the prblem we’re trying t slve. In sme cases, we’ll want t expand ur view f the prblem rather than keeping it narrwly fcused. In thers, we may want t challenge basic assumptins r cnfirm ur understanding in rder t feel mre cnfident in ur cnclusins. Therefre, asking the right kinds f questins is what cunts in achieving a gal.
8．What des the underlined wrd “incessant” in paragraph 1 mst prbably mean?
A．Simple.B．Randm.C．Cnstant.D．Annying.
9．What accunts fr the decline f questining in adulthd?
A．One pses a threat t the cmpany if they ask questins.
B．Adults dn’t get as many chances as they did in childhd.
C．Thse wh questin ppular beliefs are thught t be wise.
D．Thse asking questins dn’t always get psitive feedback.
10．What can we infer frm paragraph 3?
A．Reding is unavidable despite thughtful questins.
B．Decisins made in a hurry may turn ut t be wrng.
C．Better questins can surely bring desirable utcmes.
D．Mre attentin shuld be paid t making cnclusins.
11．What might the authr cntinue talking abut?
A．Prper questins that shuld be raised.B．Imprtant gals that we are t achieve.
C．Right kinds f answers t the questins.D．Ways t expand ur view f the prblem.
【答案】8．C 9．D 10．B 11．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了恰当的提问已经成为一门失传的艺术，分析了原因以及鼓励人们恰当的提问。
8．词句猜测题。根据第一段“The curius fur-year-ld(好奇的四岁孩子以及)”“以及as we grw lder, ur questining decreases(但随着年龄的增长，我们的提问会减少)”可知，这个好奇的四岁孩子问了很多问题——没完没了地问“为什么?”和“为什么不呢？所以划线词的意思是“持续不断的”。故选C。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段“Think back t yur time grwing up and in schl. Chances are yu received the mst recgnitin r reward when yu gt the crrect answers. Later in life, that mtivatr cntinues. At wrk, we ften reward thse wh answer questins, nt thse wh ask them.(回想一下你在学校的成长过程。当你得到正确答案时，你可能会得到最多的认可或奖励。在以后的生活中，这种动力会继续存在。在工作中，我们经常奖励那些回答问题的人，而不是那些提出问题的人)”可知，提问题的人不一定能得到积极的反馈是致了成年后提问的减少的原因。故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段“Because expectatins fr decisin-making have gne frm “get it dne sn” t “get it dne nw” t “it shuld have been dne yesterday”, we tend t jump t cnclusins instead f asking mre questins. And the unfrtunate side effect f nt asking enugh questins is pr decisin-making.(因为对决策的期望已经从“尽快完成”变成了“现在完成”，再变成了“昨天就应该完成”，我们倾向于直接下结论，而不是问更多的问题。没有问足够多的问题的副作用是糟糕的决策)”可知，匆忙做出的决定可能会被证明是错误的。故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Therefre, asking the right kinds f questins is what cunts in achieving a gal.(因此，问正确的问题是实现目标的关键)”可知，接下来要讨论应该提出适当的问题。故选A。
4.（2026·湖南省长沙市湖南师范大学附属中学高三上学期8月月考）Yu stayed up t late brwsing thrugh yur phne, answering emails r watching just ne mre episde. The next mrning, yu feel sleepy and impatient. That dessert r sandwich suddenly lks mre appealing than yur usual ygurt and berries. This isn’t just abut willpwer. Yur brain, shrt n rest, is pushing yu tward quick, high-calrie fixes.
Research shws that insufficient sleep disturbs hunger signals, weakens self-cntrl and increases yur risk f weight gain. Sleep inadequacy affects millins. Mre than ne-third f U.S. adults regularly get less than seven hurs f sleep per night. Nearly three-quarters f adlescents fall shrt f the recmmended 8-10 hurs sleep during the schl week. First respnders, including nurses, firefighters and emergency wrkers, are especially vulnerable due t night shifts and varying uncntrllable schedules. These patterns disturb the bdy’s internal clck and are linked t increased appetite, pr eating habits and elevated risks fr besity and metablic disease.
Studies shw that after just ne night f sleep deprivatin (匮乏), reward-related areas such as the amygdala, a part f the brain that drives mtivatin and reward-seeking, becme mre reactive t inviting fd. Yur brain becmes mre excited by junk fd and less capable f resisting it. Participants in sleep deprivatin studies nt nly rated high-calrie fds as mre desirable but were als mre likely t chse them, regardless f hw hungry they actually felt.
Sleep is as imprtant as diet and exercise in maintaining a healthy weight. Frtunately, even a few nights f cnsistent, high-quality sleep can help rebalance key systems and start t reverse sme f these effects. In a culture that glrifies hustle and late nights, sleep is ften treated as ptinal. S the next time yu find yurself reaching fr junk fd after a shrt night, recgnize that yur bilgy is reacting t stress. Sleep is yur mst pwerful tl fr appetite cntrl, energy regulatin and lng-term health.
8．What phenmenn des the authr pint ut in paragraph 1?
A．High-calrie fds are mre attractive.
B．Staying up late can make peple dizzy.
C．Sleep lss stimulates the brain fr appetite.
D．Peple are addicted t using mbile phnes.
9．Why are first respnders mre likely t suffer frm sleep deprivatin?
A．They have unhealthy lifestyles.
B．They bear expectatin f the sciety.
C．They have demanding and shifting schedules.
D．They have much pressure frm the wrklad.
10．Why is the brain mre likely t shift int the reward mde after sleep insufficiency?
A．The brain becmes mre excited and unrealistic.
B．Sleep lss changes hw the brain evaluates fd.
C．The brain reacts mre quickly t the envirnment.
D．Sleep lss changes hw the bdy absrbs nutrients.
11．What des the authr advcate in the last paragraph?
A．Getting enugh sleep.B．Putting dwn the electrnics.
C．Staying away frm junk fd.D．Cntrlling ur weight.
【答案】8．C 9．C 10．B 11．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是睡眠不足对食欲、体重及整体健康的影响。
8．细节理解题。从文章第一段最后一句“Yur brain, shrt n rest, is pushing yu tward quick, high-calrie fixes.(你的大脑因缺乏休息，正在把你推向快速、高热量食物的解决方案。)”可知，作者在第一段中指出的现象是睡眠不足会刺激大脑产生食欲。故选C。
9．推理判断题。从文章第二段“First respnders, including nurses, firefighters and emergency wrkers, are especially vulnerable due t night shifts and varying uncntrllable schedules.(由于夜班和各种不可控的时间表，包括护士、消防员和急救人员在内的急救人员尤其容易受到伤害。)”可知，急救人员更容易睡眠不足是因为他们的日程安排要求很高，而且多变。故选C。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段“Studies shw that after just ne night f sleep deprivatin (匮乏), reward-related areas such as the amygdala, a part f the brain that drives mtivatin and reward-seeking, becme mre reactive t inviting fd. Yur brain becmes mre excited by junk fd and less capable f resisting it. Participants in sleep deprivatin studies nt nly rated high-calrie fds as mre desirable but were als mre likely t chse them, regardless f hw hungry they actually felt.(研究表明，在仅仅一个晚上的睡眠不足之后，与奖励相关的区域，如杏仁核（大脑中驱动动机和寻求奖励的部分），对诱人的食物反应会变得更加强烈。你的大脑会因为垃圾食品而变得更加兴奋，并且无法抵抗它。睡眠剥夺研究的参与者不仅认为高热量食物更可取，而且更有可能选择它们，而不管他们实际上有多饿。)”可知，睡眠不足后大脑更容易进入奖励模式是因为睡眠不足会改变大脑对食物的评价。故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“S the next time yu find yurself reaching fr junk fd after a shrt night, recgnize that yur bilgy is reacting t stress. Sleep is yur mst pwerful tl fr appetite cntrl, energy regulatin and lng-term health.(所以，下次当你发现自己在短暂的一夜之后想吃垃圾食品时，要认识到你的生理机能正在对压力做出反应。睡眠是控制食欲、调节能量和长期健康的最有力工具。)”可知，作者在最后一段主张保证充足的睡眠。故选A。
5.（2026·湘豫名校高三上学期入学摸底）Electric vehicles (EVs) are cars with engines pwered by electricity rather than the internal cmbustin engines (内燃机) fund in gasline-pwered cars.
Acrss the wrld, traditinal prducers are adding EVs t their prduct lineups, as well as imprving battery technlgy and vehicle range. In many markets, EVs are nw cheaper t perate than traditinal gasline-pwered vehicles, thugh upfrnt csts are higher. And EVs are nly expected t get cheaper. But d they have any advantages in saving ur envirnment?
In shrt, yes. A cmmn sense abut EVs is that harvesting the elements needed t prduce their batteries is mre harmful fr the envirnment than building an ICEV (内燃机汽车) is. Despite the higher greenhuse gas emissins (排放) assciated with building EVs, their ttal emissins ver the life f the car can be 40% t 60% lwer than the emissins f ICEVs, because EVs d nt prduce any carbn dixide when driven.
Althugh the harvesting f rare earth minerals and ther elements needed fr EV batteries is envirnmentally harmful, EV batteries can be recycled at the end f their lifetime. Fr instance, battery recycling cmpany Umicre says it can reclaim 95% f metallic substances such as nickel, cpper and cbalt in EV batteries fr reuse.
Because EVs tend t be heavier than ICEVs and prduce higher trque (扭矩), sme have argued that EVs wear thrugh tyres mre quickly and prduce mre particulate matter — a harmful material than gas-pwered cars d. A study by researchers at the University f Prtsmuth in the U.K. fund that tyre breakdwn accunted fr 28% f the wrld’s micrplastics.
But tyre frictin in bth ICEVs and EVs prduces particulate pllutin, and driving style and rad quality have bigger impacts n hw much pllutin is prduced, German tyre prducer Cntinental tld The Guardian.
Finally, if pwer plants and car prducing plants increasingly use renewable surces f energy, the initial emissins assciated with making EVs will apprach zer. ICEVs, in cmparisn, will always release CO2.
8．What is a difference in cst between EVs and ICEVs?
A．ICEVs need cheaper repairs.B．ICEVs save mre n fuel.
C．EVs have lwer upfrnt csts.D．EVs have less driving expense.
9．What des the example f Umicre shw abut EV battery recycling?
A．It recvers mre renewable items.
B．It is nt yet widely adpted in EVs.
C．It causes new envirnmental prblems.
D．It fcuses n nn-metallic elements.
10．Why might future EVs be even better fr the envirnment?
A．They will use fewer rare Earth minerals.
B．Mre industries may use renewable energy.
C．They will becme lighter than traditinal cars.
D．Tyre technlgy will stp prducing micrplastics.
11．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Hw Are EV Batteries Recycled?
B．EVs vs ICEVs: Cst Cmparisn?
C．The Future f Renewable Energy in Cars?
D．Mre Envirnmentally Friendly, ICEVs r EVs?
【答案】8．D 9．A 10．B 11．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要探讨了电动汽车是否比传统内燃机汽车更环保，指出尽管电动汽车在制造过程中排放更高且电池所需矿物开采有害环境，但其全生命周期排放更低，电池可回收，且未来随着可再生能源的使用，其环保性将进一步提升。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“In many markets, EVs are nw cheaper t perate than traditinal gasline-pwered vehicles, thugh upfrnt csts are higher. (在许多市场，尽管电动汽车的前期成本更高，但目前其使用成本比传统汽油动力汽车更低。)”可知，电动汽车与内燃机汽车在成本上的差异是电动汽车的行驶（使用）成本更低。故选D项。
9．推理判断题。根据第四段“Fr instance, battery recycling cmpany Umicre says it can reclaim 95% f metallic substances such as nickel, cpper and cbalt in EV batteries fr reuse. (例如，电池回收公司Umicre表示，它可以回收电动汽车电池中 95% 的金属物质，如镍、铜和钴，以便重新利用。)”可知，Umicre的例子表明电动汽车电池回收能回收大量可重复利用的金属物质，即回收更多可再利用物品。故选A项。
10．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Finally, if pwer plants and car prducing plants increasingly use renewable surces f energy, the initial emissins assciated with making EVs will apprach zer. (最后，如果发电厂和汽车制造厂越来越多地使用可再生能源，那么与制造电动汽车相关的初始排放量将接近零。)”可知，未来电动汽车对环境更友好的原因可能是更多行业（如发电厂、汽车制造厂）会使用可再生能源。故选B项。
11．主旨大意题。通读全文特别是第二段“Acrss the wrld, traditinal prducers are adding EVs t their prduct lineups, as well as imprving battery technlgy and vehicle range. In many markets, EVs are nw cheaper t perate than traditinal gasline-pwered vehicles, thugh upfrnt csts are higher. And EVs are nly expected t get cheaper. But d they have any advantages in saving ur envirnment? (在世界各地，传统生产商正在将电动汽车添加到他们的产品线中，并改进电池技术和续航里程。在许多市场，电动汽车现在比传统的汽油动力汽车更便宜，尽管前期成本更高。预计电动汽车只会变得更便宜。但是，它们在拯救我们的环境方面有什么优势吗？)”可知，文章开篇引出电动汽车，随后围绕“电动汽车是否比内燃机汽车更环保”展开，对比两者在碳排放、电池回收、轮胎污染等方面的差异，最后指出若更多行业使用可再生能源，电动汽车环保优势将更明显。因此D项 “Mre Envirnmentally Friendly, ICEVs r EVs? (内燃机汽车和电动汽车，哪个更环保？)”最适合作为文章标题。故选D项。
6.（2026·湖北省武汉市九师联盟高三上学期8月开学）As dust frm the Sahara blws thusands f kilmeters acrss the Atlantic Ocean, it becmes prgressively mre nutritius fr marine micrbes (海洋微生物), a new study suggests.
“Dust cluds settling n the Atlantic can generate phytplanktn (浮游植物) blms that supprt marine ecsystems,” said Timthy Lyns, a scientist at the University f Califrnia, Riverside. “Irn in the dust is incredibly imprtant fr life,” he said. Phytplanktn require it t change carbn dixide int sugars.
Over 240 millin metric tns f Saharan dust blws ver the Atlantic Ocean each year. T knw whether the types f dust settling n the Atlantic had changed ver the past 120,000 years, Lyns and the marine gelgist Jeremy Owens, analyzed dust-derived (灰尘衍生的) minerals in fur cres cllected frm the muddy seaflr — tw in the eastern Atlantic near Africa, and tw frm farther west near Nrth America.
In dust wrldwide, apprximately 40% f irn is rdinarily present within “reactive” minerals like pyrite. This kind f irn can break dwn with weak acids and ptentially be used by life. In the cre samples frm the bttm f the Atlantic, nly abut 9% f irn in the dust minerals sampled frm farther west cnsisted f reactive irn minerals, cmpared with abut 18% in dust minerals taken frm clser t Africa.
“There’re phtchemical transfrmatins that tend t make the irn mre sluble (可溶解的) in water,” said Lyns. He and Owens cncluded that during the dust’ s several-day transatlantic flight, mre and mre f its reactive irn was changed — attacked by acids and radiatin. As that imprved irn later settled int the cean, it was eaten directly by phytplanktn. The nly reactive irn that made it t the seaflr was the stuff that wasn’t changed during air transprt, and wasn’t taken in later.
“The new results are plausible because previus studies have shwn that irn minerals react in the atmsphere,” said Natalie Mahwald, an atmspheric scientist wh studies dust at Crnell University. “Their cnclusin ges alng with what I thught was happening,” she said.
28．Why is irn imprtant fr marine ecsystems?
A．It makes carbn dixide mre.B．It leads t the absrptin f sugars.
C．It prtects phytplanktn frm attack.D．It prvides nutritin fr phytplanktn.
29．What can be cncluded frm the findings f the research?
A．Weak acids seldm change reactive irn minerals.
B．The dust minerals frm farther west are rich in irn.
C．The fewer minerals there are, the mre sensitive weak acids are.
D．The farther the desert dust flies, the less the reactive irn is left.
30．What can be learned frm paragraph 5?
A．Hw phytplanktn makes it t the seaflr.
B．Hw reactive irn cperates with radiatin.
C．Hw irn in dust becmes easier t absrb.
D．Hw atmspheric chemical reactins fail.
31．What des the underlined wrd “plausible” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Reliable.B．Uncertain.C．Abstract.D．Cntradictry.
【答案】28．D 29．D 30．C 31．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究发现，即撒哈拉沙漠的沙尘在穿越大西洋数千公里的过程中，其携带的铁元素逐渐变得更易被海洋微生物吸收，对海洋生态系统产生了积极影响。
28．细节理解题。根据第二段中““Irn in the dust is incredibly imprtant fr life,” he said. Phytplanktn require it t change carbn dixide int sugars. (他说：“灰尘中的铁对生命至关重要。浮游植物需要它来将二氧化碳转化为糖类)”可知，铁元素对浮游植物至关重要，它能帮助浮游植物将二氧化碳转化为糖类，为浮游植物提供营养。故选D。
29．推理判断题。根据第五段中“He and Owens cncluded that during the dust’s several-day transatlantic flight, mre and mre f its reactive irn was changed — attacked by acids and radiatin. (他和欧文斯得出结论，在沙尘穿越大西洋的几天飞行中，越来越多的活性铁发生了变化——受到酸和辐射的攻击)”可知，沙尘中的活性铁在穿越大西洋的过程中，逐渐被酸和辐射改变，即沙漠尘埃飞得越远，剩下的活性铁就越少。故选D。
30．推理判断题。根据第五段中““There’re phtchemical transfrmatins that tend t make the irn mre sluble (可溶解的) in water,” said Lyns. He and Owens cncluded that during the dust’s several-day transatlantic flight, mre and mre f its reactive irn was changed — attacked by acids and radiatin. As that imprved irn later settled int the cean, it was eaten directly by phytplanktn. (Lyns说：“有一些光化学反应会使铁更容易溶解在水中。”他和欧文斯得出结论，在沙尘穿越大西洋的几天飞行中，越来越多的活性铁发生了变化——受到酸和辐射的攻击。当这些改良后的铁后来沉积到海洋中时，它们被浮游植物直接吸收了)”可知，第五段主要讲述了沙尘中的铁是如何在大气中发生化学反应，变得更容易被浮游植物吸收的。故选C。
31．词句猜测题。根据最后一段““The new results are plausible because previus studies have shwn that irn minerals react in the atmsphere,” said Natalie Mahwald, an atmspheric scientist wh studies dust at Crnell University. “Their cnclusin ges alng with what I thught was happening,” she said. (“新的结果是plausible，因为之前的研究表明，铁矿物在大气中会发生反应，”康奈尔大学 (Crnell University) 研究尘埃的大气科学家娜塔莉·马霍瓦尔德 (Natalie Mahwald)说。“他们的结论与我当时的想法一致，”她说。)”可知，Natalie Mahwald认为新的研究结果是可靠的。A. Reliable可靠的；B. Uncertain不确定的；C. Abstract抽象的；D. Cntradictry矛盾的。故选A。
7.（2026·湖北省高中名校联盟高三上学期第一次联合测评）Huge piles f research n diet are published annually. The mst shcking f these get reprted in the media. All claim t be based n the latest research and each claims t prve the last study wrng. D scientists really nt knw what’s gd fr us, r is the news reprt t blame fr the cnfusin?
Misleading media cverage plays a rle, but publicatin bias (偏见) is ne majr surce: studies that shw surprising results are mre likely t get published. “What yu see published in the nightly news is the end result f a system where everyne is encuraged t cme up with a psitive result,” says Vinay at Oregn Science University.
One way t get arund this prblem is t cnduct large, randmized cntrlled trials, which invlve randmly assigning participants t different grups t cntrl variables. But these kinds f studies are difficult t d fr fds, as few wuld risk eating habits n chance; fewer still sustain changes lng enugh t benefit. Instead, nutritin scientists usually bserve what peple eat by asking them t fill ut fd diaries, and then track the health f participants ver a given perid f time.
In these “bservatinal” studies, peple track their diets while ging abut their lives. Differences between subjects in what they d utside f mealtimes can make all the difference. Peple wh eat what is seen as an unhealthy diet — with mre fast fd, fr instance — might have unhealthy lifestyles in ther ways, such as smking. Cnsequently, dietary effects are hard t set apart.
Because f these difficulties, even tday’s mst recmmended dietary advice lacks gd quality evidence. This desn’t mean we can eat as much cake as we like. But it des suggest that within limits f cmmn sense, ne way f eating is abut as gd as anther. While admittedly simple advice, it remves the pressure t cnstantly run after the latest amazing diet r fear seemingly harmful fds. Within reasn, trusting yur stmach is mstly fine.
28．What phenmenn is presented in paragraph 1?
A．Scientists fail t figure ut truth.B．News spreads cnfusin n purpse.
C．Research n diet astnishes peple.D．Media reprts cnflicting diet studies.
29．Which f the fllwing news items suggests publicatin bias?
A．Chclate unexpectedly aids weight lss.B．Calrie restrictin helps t slw aging.
C．Effects f zer fat diet require further tests.D．Whle grain diet imprves heart health.
30．What d paragraphs 3 and 4 mainly discuss?
A．The reliability f self-reprted diet data.B．Hw lng-term diet tracking imprves health.
C．The main prblems in studying dietary effects.D．Hw lifestyle factrs affect diet research results.
31．What is the authr’s suggestin fr fd chice?
A．Avid ptentially unhealthy fds.B．Cnsume varieties f fds.
C．Cunt n the latest dietary advice.D．Fllw bdy signals sensibly.
【答案】28．D 29．A 30．C 31．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要探讨了饮食研究因研究方法局限和媒体报道偏见，而经常呈现矛盾结论，因此无需过度追求完美饮食。
28．细节理解题。根据第一段“All claim t be based n the latest research and each claims t prve the last study wrng.(所有这些说法都声称是基于最新的研究成果，而每一种说法又都声称要证明前一种研究存在错误)”可知，媒体频繁报道最新的饮食研究，而新的研究总是与过往的研究相矛盾。故选D。
29．推理判断题。根据第二段“Misleading media cverage plays a rle, but publicatin bias (偏见) is ne majr surce: studies that shw surprising results are mre likely t get published. “What yu see published in the nightly news is the end result f a system where everyne is encuraged t cme up with a psitive result,” says Vinay at Oregn Science University.(误导性的媒体报道起到了一定作用，但发表偏倚则是主要因素之一：那些得出惊人结果的研究更有可能被发表出来。俄勒冈科技大学的维纳说道：“在晚间新闻中所呈现的内容是这样一个系统所产生的最终结果，该系统鼓励每个人都得出积极的结果。”)”可知，巧克力竟然有助于减肥存在发表偏见。故选A。
30．主旨大意题。根据第三段“One way t get arund this prblem is t cnduct large, randmized cntrlled trials, which invlve randmly assigning participants t different grups t cntrl variables. But these kinds f studies are difficult t d fr fds, as few wuld risk eating habits n chance; fewer still sustain changes lng enugh t benefit. Instead, nutritin scientists usually bserve what peple eat by asking them t fill ut fd diaries, and then track the health f participants ver a given perid f time.(解决这一问题的一种方法是开展大规模的随机对照试验，这种试验会将参与者随机分配到不同的组别，以控制变量。但对于食物而言，这类研究很难进行，因为很少有人会为了偶然的机会而改变饮食习惯；更少有人能长期保持改变后的饮食习惯从而获得益处。因此，营养学家通常会通过让参与者填写饮食日记来观察他们的饮食情况，然后在一段时间内跟踪参与者的健康状况)”以及第四段“In these “bservatinal” studies, peple track their diets while ging abut their lives. Differences between subjects in what they d utside f mealtimes can make all the difference. Peple wh eat what is seen as an unhealthy diet — with mre fast fd, fr instance — might have unhealthy lifestyles in ther ways, such as smking. Cnsequently, dietary effects are hard t set apart.(在这些“观察性”研究中，研究对象在日常生活中会记录自己的饮食情况。在用餐时间之外的行为差异可能会导致结果大相径庭。那些饮食习惯被认为不健康（比如摄入较多的快餐）的人，可能在其他方面也有不良的生活习惯，比如吸烟。因此，饮食对健康的影响很难单独区分出来)”可知，第3段和第4段主要讨论了研究饮食影响所面临的主要问题。故选C。
31．细节理解题。根据最后一段“But it des suggest that within limits f cmmn sense, ne way f eating is abut as gd as anther.(但这确实表明，在常识的合理范围内，不同的饮食方式在总体上是相当相似的，没有哪一种方式明显优于其他方式)”和“Within reasn, trusting yur stmach is mstly fine.(在合理范围内，相信自己的直觉通常是没问题的)”可知，作者建议理智地倾听身体的信号。故选D。
8.（2026·浙江省Z20名校联盟高三上学期第一次联考）Britain’s husing crisis has created a distinct generatinal divide. While lder generatins ften wn prperty, millins f yung adults face increasing rents and unachievable hmewnership. A recent fficial reprt warns that 630, 000 peple under 35 may face hmelessness in ld age due t chrnic shrtages f affrdable hmes.
This crisis riginates frm decades f plicy failure. Since the mid-1990s, huse prices have skyrcketed dramatically, widening the gap between prperty wners and thers. Gvernment prjects like “Help-t-Buy” intended t assist first-time buyers instead inflated prices further, making husing less accessible. University graduates carry heavy debts frm tuitin fees exceeding £9, 000 annually since 2010, weakening their savings ptential.
The rental market ffers little relief. Private renters have jumped frm 2. 8 millin t 4. 5 millin husehlds since 2007, with thse aged 25-34 cnsisting f ver a third. Yet renters face instability and explitatin. “N-fault drivings” allw landlrds (房东) t end rentings withut cause, while rents exceed wage grwth. Even scial husing renters experience widening inequality cmpared t hmewners.
Plicy respnses are emerging but cntrversial. Lndn Mayr Sadiq Khan prpsed a landlrd registry and rent cntrl cmmissin t regulate the private sectr. Sctland has established “rent pressure znes” t stp increases. The Labur Party advcates ablishing n-fault drivings, arguing that secure right f habitatin are essential fr dignity.
Ultimately, this is abut intergeneratinal fairness. A functinal sciety cannt thrive when yunger citizens bear unreasnable burdens. As ne analyst ntes: “We depend n the yung t sustain ur future — denying them husing security damages everyne.”
28．What des the fficial reprt predict abut yung adults?
A．Universal elderly pverty.B．Persistent renting difficulties.
C．Lng-term husing insecurity.D．Unachievable huge prperty.
29．What brings abut the husing crisis?
A．Stable rental market.B．Students’ reduced debt burden.
C．Decades-lng plicy failure.D．Cnsistent plicy respnses.
30．What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A．Yung adults’ husing security shuld be guaranteed.
B．Effrts shuld be made t create a sustainable sciety.
C．The prperty f lder generatins shuld be passed n.
D．The yung shuld be respnsible fr intergeneratinal fairness.
31．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Husing: Pricing ut the Yung?
B．Plicy: Regulating the Private Owners?
C．Landlrds: Frced t Accept Rent Hikes?
D．Rental Cntrl: Slving the Renter-landlrd Cnflicts?
【答案】28．C 29．C 30．A 31．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了英国住房危机造成代际分化，政策失败是根源，需保障年轻人住房安全。
28．细节理解题。根据第一段中“A recent fficial reprt warns that 630, 000 peple under 35 may face hmelessness in ld age due t chrnic shrtages f affrdable hmes.(一份最新的官方报告警告称，由于长期缺乏经济适用房，63万35岁以下的人可能在老年时面临无家可归的风险)”可知，官方报告预测年轻人将长期面临住房无保障的问题。故选C。
29．细节理解题。根据第二段中“This crisis riginates frm decades f plicy failure.(这场危机源于几十年的政策失败)”可知，几十年的政策失败导致了住房危机。故选C。
30．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“We depend n the yung t sustain ur future — denying them husing security damages everyne.(我们依靠年轻人来维持我们的未来——剥夺他们的住房安全会损害到每个人)”可知，年轻人的住房安全应该得到保障。故选A。
31．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Britain’s husing crisis has created a distinct generatinal divide.(英国的住房危机造成了明显的代际分化)”可知，本文主要讲述了英国的住房危机造成了明显的代际分化，年轻人面临着租房难和买不起房的问题，因此选项A“住房：让年轻人望而却步？”适合作为文章标题。故选A。
1 (2025浙江1月卷)
A nvel design apprach t gardening has been gaining in ppularity wrldwide. Referred t as matrix planting, this apprach aims fr nature t d a lt mre f the heavy lifting in the garden, and even sme f the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and pwer tls, it’s based n an elegantly simple principle: t garden mre like nature des.
The cncept was brn when German city planners sught t plant large areas f parkland after Wrld War II in a reprducible way that wuld need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that culd be used mdularly (模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are gruped s that they will grw tgether abve and belw grund, frming a cperative ecsystem that cnserves water and discurages weeds.
Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudlf’s gardens ppularized this style, adding artistic flavrs t the planting mixes while playing with clr and frm, including fur-seasn interest and serving the needs f wildlife. Beautiful year-rund, they invite yu t enjy the smallest detail, frm the sund f grasses in the gentle wind t the sculpture f dd-lking seed heads.
It takes a lt f thught t lk this natural. While matrix gardens appear wild, they are carefully planned, with cultural needs the first cnsideratin. Led by the cncept f “right plant, right place,” they match plants that enjy the same sil, sun and weather cnditins, and arrange them accrding t their patterns f grwth.
The benefits are substantial fr bth gardener and planet. With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s eclgy can develp well. Established matrix gardens shuld nt need the life supprt we give mst gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular watering. Cmpared t traditinal garden plts, they increase carbn absrptin, reduce strm water runff and bst habitat and bidiversity significantly.
28. What des the underlined wrd “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean?
A. Running ut f.B. Keeping away frm.
C. Putting up with.D. Taking advantage f.
29. Why was the idea f matrix planting intrduced?
A. T cntrl weeds in large gardens.B. T bring in freign species f plants.
C. T cnserve sil and water resurces.D. T develp lw-maintenance parkland.
30. Which f the fllwing best describes Piet Oudlf’s gardens?
A. Traditinal.B. Odd-lking.C. Tasteful.D. Well-prtected.
31. Which f the fllwing can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. The future f gardening is WILDB. Nature treats all lives as EQUALS
C. Matrix gardens need mre CARED. Old garden plts wrk WONDERS
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了矩阵式种植方法的理念、起源、发展、原则及其带来的益处。这种种植方法通过精心规划植物组合，减少人工干预，发挥自然的最大作用，从而创建一个自给自足的生态系统，不仅美观，还能显著提升环境效益。
28. B。词义猜测题。根据首段第二句“Referred t as matrix planting, this apprach aims fr nature t d a lt mre f the heavy lifting in the garden, and even sme f the designing.”以及最后一句中的t garden mre like nature des可知，矩阵式种植方法旨在减少人工干预，发挥自然在花园的生长和设计中的更大作用。故Eschewing 应该指减少、摒弃化肥以及园艺电动工具的使用，故选B。
29. D。事实细节题。根据第二段首句“The cncept was brn when German city planners sught t plant large areas f parkland after Wrld War II in a reprducible way that wuld need minimal maintenance.”可知，矩阵式种植的目的是开发维护度极低的公园用地。develp lw-maintenance parkland 是plant large areas f parkland minimal maintenance 的同义表达，故选D。
30. C。推理判断题。根据第三段中的adding artistic flavrs、playing with clr and frm、Beautiful、enjy the smallest detail、the sund f grasses、the sculpture f dd-lking seed heads 可知，Piet Oudlf 的花园融入了艺术特色，巧妙运用色彩和形态，四季皆美，细节丰富，具有观赏价值。Tasteful意为“雅致的；有品位的”，是对artistic、Beautiful、enjy的概括。
31. A。主旨大意题。文章首段开门见山，介绍矩阵式种植方法的理念：减少人工干预，发挥自然的作用。第二、三段介绍这种设计方法的起源和发展，第四段聚焦矩阵式种植的原则“适地适树”，末段分析这种设计方法带来的益处。据此可知，文章旨在介绍一种新型园艺设计方法“矩阵式种植”，A项中WILD 意为“自然生长的”，契合矩阵式种植的理念，故选A。
2. (2023全国乙卷)
What cmes int yur mind when yu think f British fd? Prbably fish and chips, r a Sunday dinner f meat and tw vegetables. But is British fd really s uninteresting? Even thugh Britain has a reputatin fr less-than-impressive cuisine, it is prducing mre tp class chefs wh appear frequently n ur televisin screens and whse recipe bks frequently tp the best seller lists.
It’s thanks t these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britns are turning away frm meat-and-tw-veg and ready-made meals and becming mre adventurus in their cking habits. It is recently reprted that the number f thse sticking t a traditinal diet is slwly declining and arund half f Britain’s cnsumers wuld like t change r imprve their cking in sme way. There has been a rise in the number f students applying fr fd curses at UK universities and clleges. It seems that TV prgrammes have helped change what peple think abut cking.
Accrding t a new study frm market analysts, 1 in 5 Britns say that watching ckery prgrammes n TV has encuraged them t try different fd. Almst ne third say they nw use a wider variety f ingredients (配料) than they used t, and just under 1 in 4 say they nw buy better quality ingredients than befre. One in fur adults say that TV chefs have made them much mre cnfident abut expanding their ckery knwledge and skills, and yung peple are als getting mre interested in cking. The UK’s bsessin (痴迷) with fd is reflected thrugh televisin scheduling. Ckery shws and dcumentaries abut fd are bradcast mre ften than befre. With an increasing number f male chefs n TV, it’s n lnger “uncl” fr bys t like cking.
28. What d peple usually think f British fd?
A. It is simple and plain.B. It is rich in nutritin.
C. It lacks authentic tastes.D. It deserves a high reputatin.
29. Which best describes ckery prgramme n British TV?
A. Authritative.B. Creative.C. Prfitable.D. Influential.
30. Which is the percentage f the peple using mre diverse ingredients nw?
A. 20%.B. 24%.C. 25%.D. 33%.
31. What might the authr cntinue talking abut?
A. The art f cking in ther cuntries.B. Male chefs n TV prgrammes.
C. Table manners in the UK.D. Studies f big eaters.
【答案】28. A 29. D 30. D 31. B
【解析】本篇是一篇说明文，介绍英国人在英国烹饪节目的影响下改变对烹饪的看法，并尝试新的烹饪习惯。
28.细节理解题。根据第一段的“What cmes int yur mind when yu think f British fd? Prbably fish and chips, r a Sunday dinner f meat and tw vegetables. But is British fd really s uninteresting?”（当你想到英国食物时，你会想到什么？你可能想到的是炸鱼薯条，或是一肉两菜的周日晚餐。但是，英国食物真的如此无趣吗？）可知，提及英国食物，大家往往只是想到炸鱼薯条和周日烤肉，所以人们通常会觉得英国食物平平无奇。故选A项。
29.推理判断题。根据第二段的“It’s thanks t these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britns are turning away frm meat-and-tw-veg and ready-made meals and becming mre adventurus in their cking habits.”（正是由于电视上的这些大厨，而不是凭借广告宣传活动，英国人正在远离“一肉两菜”和速食餐，而变得更加愿意探索新的烹饪习惯。）和“It seems that TV prgrammes have helped change what peple think abut cking.”（似乎电视节目帮助改变了人们对烹饪的看法。）可知，英国的烹饪节目能够改变英国人对烹饪的看法，尝试从传统的英式饮食走出来，尝试新的烹饪习惯，由此推知英国的烹饪节目具有很大的影响力。故选D项。
30.细节理解题。根据第三段的“Almst ne third say they nw use a wider variety f ingredients (配料) than they used t, and just under 1 in 4 say they nw buy better quality ingredients than befre.”（几乎三分之一的人表示他们现在使用的配料比以前更多，将近四分之一的人表示他们现在购买的配料质量比以前更好。）可知，三分之一左右的人，也就是33%左右的人，使用的配料比以前更多。故选D项。
31.推理判断题。根据第三段的最后一句“With an increasing number f male chefs n TV, it’s n lnger “uncl” fr bys t like cking.”（随着电视上出现越来越多男性厨师，男孩子喜欢烹饪不再是一件“不酷”的事了。）可知，接下来，文章应该具体介绍电视上的男性厨师，从而与上文形成语义连贯。故选B项。
3.(2020全国I卷)
Sme parents will buy any high-tech ty if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.
Psychlgist Susan Levine, an expert n mathematics develpment in yung children the University f Chicag, fund children wh play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develp better spatial skills. Puzzle play was fund t be a significant predictr f cgnitin(认知) after cntrlling fr differences in parents’ incme, educatin and the amunt f parent talk, Levine said.
The researchers analyzed vide recrdings f 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at hme and fund children wh play with puzzles between 26 and 46 mnths f age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 mnths f age.
“The children wh played with puzzles perfrmed better than thse wh did nt, n tasks that assessed their ability t rtate(旋转) and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked t interact with their children as they nrmally wuld, and abut half f children in the study played with puzzles at ne time. Higher-incme parents tended t have children play with puzzles mre frequently, and bth bys and girls wh played with puzzles had better spatial skills. Hwever, bys tended t play with mre cmplex puzzles than girls, and the parents f bys prvided mre spatial language and were mre active during puzzle play than parents f girls.
The findings were published in the jurnal Develpmental Science.
24. In which aspect d children benefit frm puzzle play?
A. Building cnfidence. B. Develping spatial skills.
C. Learning self-cntrl. D. Gaining high-tech knwledge.
25. What did Levine take int cnsideratin when designing her experiment?
A. Parents’ age. B. Children’s imaginatin.
C. Parents’ educatin. D. Child-parent relatinship.
26. Hw d by differ frm girls in puzzle play?
A. They play with puzzles mre ften. B. They tend t talk less during the game.
C. They prefer t use mre spatial language.D. They are likely t play with tugher puzzles.
27. What is the text mainly abut?
A. A mathematical methd. B. A scientific study.
C. A wman psychlgist.D. A teaching prgram.
【答案】24-27 BCDB
【解析】本文是说明文。是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。
24. B。细节理解题。根据第二段中…fund children wh play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 develp better spatial skill(在2岁到4岁之间玩智力游戏的儿童在空间能力方面更好)可知，孩子们可以从智力游戏中发展更好的空间技能。
25. C。细节理解题。根据第二段( Levine说，在控制了不同父母的收入、教育和父母谈话次数后，拼图游戏被发现是一个重要的认知预测)可知Levine在设计这个试验时考虑了父母的收入、教育程度和父母谈话的次数。
26. D。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中Hwever, bys tended t play with mre cmplex puzzles than girls,可知男孩比女孩更喜欢玩复杂的谜题，即他们可能会玩难度更大的谜题。
27. B。主旨大意题。本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。所以是关于科学研究的。
4.【2020全国I卷】
Returning t a bk yu’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an ld friend. There’s a welcme familiarity — but als smetimes a slight suspicin that time has changed yu bth, and thus the relatinship. But bks dn’t change, peple d. And that’s what makes the act f rereading s rich and transfrmative.
The beauty f rereading lies in the idea that ur bnd with the wrk is based n ur present mental register. It’s true, the lder I get, the mre I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all abut the present. It’s abut the nw and what ne cntributes t the nw, because reading is a give and take between authr and reader. Each has t pull their wn weight.
There are three bks I reread annually. The first, which I take t reading every spring is Ernest Hemingway’s A Mveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memir f 1920s Paris. The language is almst intxicating (令人陶醉的), an aging writer lking back n an ambitius yet simpler time. Anther is Annie Dillard’s Hly the Firm, her petic 1975 ramble (随笔) abut everything and nthing. The third bk is Juli Crtazar’s Save Twilight: Selected Pems, because petry. And because Crtazar.
While I tend t buy a lt f bks, these three were given t me as gifs, which might add t the meaning I attach t them. But I imagine that, while mney is indeed wnderful and necessary, rereading an authr’s wrk is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best bks are the nes that pen further as time passes. But remember, it’s yu that has t grw and read and reread in rder t better understand yur friends.
24. Why des the authr like rereading?
A. It evaluates the writer-reader relatinship.
B. It’s a windw t a whle new wrld.
C. It’s a substitute fr drinking with a friend.
D. It extends the understanding f neself.
25. What d we knw abut the bk A Mveable Feast?
A. It’s a brief accunt f a trip.
B. It’s abut Hemingway’s life as a yung man.
C. It’s a recrd f a histric event.
D. It’s abut Hemingway’s friends in Paris.
26. What des the underlined wrd “currency” in paragraph 4 refer t?
A. Debt.B. Reward.C. Allwance.D. Face value.
27. What can we infer abut the authr frm the text?
A. He lves petry. . He’s an editr.C. He’s very ambitius. D. He teaches reading.
【答案】24-27 DBBA
【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了重新阅读的意义和益处并向读者介绍了作者每年重读的三本书。作者鼓励读者去重新阅读书籍。
24. D。推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“But bks dn’t change, peple d. And that’s what makes the act f rereading s rich and transfrmative.”和第二段“The beauty f rereading lies in that ur bnd with the wrk is based n ur present register. It is true, the lder I get, the mre I feel time has wings.”可推知，作者喜欢重新阅读是因为重新阅读可以扩展对自己的理解。故选D项。
25. B。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Published in 1964, it’s his classic memir f 1920s Paris.”及“an aging writer lking back n an ambitius yet simpler time”可知，这本书出版于1964年，这是他关于20世纪20年代在巴黎的经典回忆录，是他老年时对那些野心勃勃却更简单的日子的回顾。由此可判断出A Mvable Feast是关于海明威年轻时的生活。故选B项。
26. B。词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“while mney is indeed wnderful and necessary,(虽然金钱确实是美妙而必要的)”可知，前后句为转折关系，根据上下文的语境可推知，“rereading an authr’s wrk is the highest currency a reader can pay them.”意为“但是但重新阅读作品是读者能支付给他们的最高回报”，由此判断出划线词的意思是“回报”。
27. A。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The third bk is Juli Crtázar’s Save Twilight: selected pems, because petry.(第三本书是胡里奥•科塔扎的《拯救暮光之城: 诗歌精选》，因为诗歌)”可知，作者是由于喜欢诗歌而喜欢这本书。
5.【2020全国I卷】
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shws, while mst likely cntributing t fewer injuries. It des, hwever, have its wn prblem.
Race walkers are cnditined athletes. The lngest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilmeter race walk, which is abut five miles lnger than the marathn. But the sprt’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight thrugh mst f the leg swing and ne ft remain in cntact (接触) with the grund at all times. It’s this strange frm that makes race walking such an attractive activity, hwever, says Jaclyn Nrberg, an assistant prfessr f exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, Accrding t mst calculatins, race walkers mving at a pace f six miles per hur wuld burn abut 800 calries (卡路里) per hur, which is apprximately twice as many as they wuld burn walking, althugh fewer than running, which wuld prbably burn abut 1,000 r mre calries per hur.
Hwever, race walking des nt pund the bdy as much as running des, Dr. Nrberg says. Accrding t her research, runners hit the grund with as much as fur times their bdy weight per step, while race walkers, wh d nt leave the grund, create nly abut 1.4 times their bdy weight with each step.
As a result, she says, sme f the injuries assciated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncmmn amng race walkers. But the sprt’s strange frm des place cnsiderable stress n the ankles and hips, s peple with a histry f such injuries might want t be cautius in adpting the sprt. In fact, anyne wishing t try race walking shuld prbably first cnsult a cach r experienced racer t learn prper technique, she says. It takes sme practice.
28. Why are race walkers cnditined athletes?
A. They must run lng distances.B. They are qualified fr the marathn.
C. They have t fllw special rules.D. They are gd at swinging their legs.
29. What advantage des race walking have ver running?
A. It’s mre ppular at the Olympics.B. It’s less challenging physically.
C. It’s mre effective in bdy building.D. It’s less likely t cause knee injuries.
30. What is Dr. Nrberg’s suggestin fr smene trying race walking?
A. Getting experts’ pinins.B. Having a medical checkup.
C. Hiring an experienced cach.D. Ding regular exercises.
31. Which wrd best describes the authr’s attitude t race walking?
A. Skeptical.B. Objective. C. Tlerant.D. Cnservative.
【答案】28-31 CDAB
【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了竞走相比跑步有诸多的优势，但是之前受过伤的人，要想从事这样运动要谨慎，最好咨询专家的建议。
28. C。细节理解题。根据第二段“But the sprt’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight thrugh mst f the leg swing and ne ft remain in cntact with the grund at all times.”可知，但这项运动的规则要求竞走者的膝盖在摆动腿的大部分时间保持伸直，一只脚始终与地面接触。由此可知，竞走运动员是需要具备某些条件的运动员是因为运动员需要遵守特殊的规则。
29. D。细节理解题。根据最后一段“As a result, she says, sme f the injuries assciated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncmmn amng race walkers.”可知，一些与跑步有关的损伤，比如跑步者的膝盖，在竞走者中并不常见。由此可知，竞走与跑步相比的优势是不太可能导致膝盖受伤。
30. A。细节理解题。根据最后一段Dr. Nrberg说的话“In fact, anyne wishing t try race walking shuld prbably first cnsult a cach r experienced racer t learn prper technique(事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人都应该首先咨询教练或有经验的竞走运动员，学习适当的技巧。)”可知，Dr. Nrberg建议想尝试竞走的人征询专家的建议。
31. B。推理判断题。根据第一段“Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shws, while mst likely cntributing t fewer injuries. It des, hwever, have its wn prblem.”可知，研究表明，竞走和跑步一样有很多健身益处，而且它还很少导致受伤。不过，它也有自己的问题。由此判断出作者对于竞走的态度是客观的。
6.【2024全国甲卷】
The Saint Lukas train desn’t accept passengers—it accepts nly the sick. The Saint Lukas is ne f five gvernment-spnsred medical trains that travel t remte twns in central and eastern Russia. Each stp lasts an average f tw days, and during that time the dctrs and nurses n bard prvide rural(乡村)ppulatins with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptins.
“Peple started queuing t make an appintment early in the mrning,” says Emile Ducke, a German phtgrapher wh traveled with the staff f the Saint Lukas fr a tw-week trip in Nvember thrugh the vast regins(区域)f Krasnyarsk and Khakassia.
Russia’s public health care service has been in serius need f mdernizatin. The gvernment has struggled t cme up with measures t address the prblem, particularly in the prer, rural areas east f the Vlga River, including arranging dctr’s appintments by vide chat and expanding financial aid prgrams t mtivate dctrs t practice medicine in remte parts f the cuntry like Krasnyarsk.
The annual arrival f the Saint Lukas is anther attempt t imprve the situatin. Fr 10 mnths every year, the train stps at abut eight statins ver tw weeks, befre returning t the reginal capital t refuel and restck(补给). Then it starts all ver again the next mnth. Mst statins wait abut a year between visits.
Dctrs see up t 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allws fr basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the dctrs and their assistants wrking and living in such little space but still staying fcused and very cncerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance fr many rural peple t get the treatment they want. ”
28. Hw is the Saint Lukas different frm ther trains?
A. It runs acrss cuntries.B. It reserves seats fr the senirs.
C. It functins as a hspital.D. It travels alng a river.
29. What can we infer frm paragraph 3 abut Krasnyarsk?
A. It is heavily ppulated.B. It ffers training fr dctrs.
C. It is a mdern city.D. It needs medical aid.
30. Hw lng can the Saint Lukas wrk with ne supply?
A. Abut a year.B. Abut ten mnths.
C. Abut tw mnths.D. Abut tw weeks.
31. What is Ducke’s attitude tward the Saint Lukas’ services?
A. Appreciative.B. DubtfulC. Ambiguus.D. Cautius.
【答案】28. C 29. D 30. D 31. A
【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述政府赞助了五辆名为圣卢卡斯的医疗列车为俄罗斯中部和东部偏远地区每年提供为期10个月的巡回医疗服务，为乡村居民提供基本医疗检查和治疗，改善当地医疗条件。
28.细节理解题，根据文章第一段“The Saint Lukas is ne f five gvernment-spnsred medical trains that travel t remte twns in central and eastern Russia. Each stp lasts an average f tw days, and during that time the dctrs and nurses n bard prvide rural(乡村)ppulatins with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptins. (圣卢卡斯号是五列政府资助的医疗列车之一，前往俄罗斯中部和东部的偏远城镇。每一站平均停留两天，在此期间，船上的医生和护士为农村人口提供基本医疗服务、X光扫描和处方。)”可知，圣卢卡斯号与其他火车的不同之处在于它是政府资助的医疗火车，充当医院。因此选C。
29.推理判断题，第三段提到“Russia’s public health care service has been in serius need f mdernizatin. The gvernment has struggled t cme up with measures t address the prblem, particularly in the prer, rural areas east f the Vlga River, including arranging dctr's appintments by vide chat and expanding financial aid prgrams t mtivate dctrs t practice medicine in remte parts f the cuntry like Krasnyarsk. (俄罗斯的公共卫生保健服务迫切需要现代化。政府一直在努力提出解决这一问题的措施，特别是在伏尔加河以东较贫穷的农村地区，包括通过视频聊天安排医生预约，扩大财政援助计划，激励医生到克拉斯诺亚尔斯克等偏远地区行医。) ”可以推断，Krasnyarsk需要医疗援助，故选D。
30.细节理解题，根据第四段“Fr 10 mnths every year, the train stps at abut eight statins ver tw weeks, befre returning t the reginal capital t refuel and restck (补给). ”(每年有10个月，火车在两周内停靠大约八个车站，然后返回地区首府进行补给和重新装货。) ”可知，圣卢卡斯号一份补给可以工作大约两周，故选D。
31.推断判断题。根据最后一段的““I was very impressed by the dctrs and their assistants wrking and living in such little space but still staying fcused and very cncerned, ” says Ducke. “They were the best chance fr many rural peple t get the treatment they want. ”(“医生和他们的助手在这么小的空间里工作和生活，但仍然保持专注和非常关注，这给我留下了深刻的印象，”Ducke说。这是许多农村人获得他们想要的治疗的最好机会。”)”可知，Ducke对Saint Lukas的服务持赞赏的态度，故选A。
7.【2023新课标I卷】
The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism, including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks, and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu.
T d s, I divided the bk int tw parts. In part ne, I describe the philsphical fundatins f digital minimalism, starting with an examinatin f the frces that are making s many peple’s digital lives increasingly intlerable, befre mving n t a detailed discussin f the digital minimalism philsphy.
Part ne cncludes by intrducing my suggested methd fr adpting this philsphy: the digital declutter. This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value.
In the final chapter f part ne, I’ll guide yu thrugh carrying ut yur wn digital declutter. In ding s, I’ll draw n an experiment I ran in 2018 in which ver 1,600 peple agreed t perfrm a digital declutter. Yu’ll hear these participants’ stries and learn what strategies wrked well fr them, and what traps they encuntered that yu shuld avid.
The secnd part f this bk takes a clser lk at sme ideas that will help yu cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the imprtance f slitude (独处) and the necessity f cultivating high-quality leisure t replace the time mst nw spend n mindless device use. Each chapter cncludes with a cllectin f practices, which are designed t help yu act n the big ideas f the chapter. Yu can view these practices as a tlbx meant t aid yur effrts t build a minimalist lifestyle that wrds fr yur particular circumstances.
8. What is the bk aimed at?
A. Teaching critical thinking skills.B. Advcating a simple digital lifestyle.
C. Slving philsphical prblems.D. Prmting the use f a digital device.
9. What des the underlined wrd “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Clear-up.B. Add-n.C. Check-in.D. Take-ver.
10. What is presented in the final chapter f part ne?
A. Theretical mdels.B. Statistical methds.
C. Practical examples.D. Histrical analyses.
11. What des the authr suggest readers d with the practices ffered in part tw?
A. Use them as needed.B. Recmmend them t friends.
C. Evaluate their effects.D. Identify the ideas behind them.
【答案】8. B9. A10. C11. A
【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。
8.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism, including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks, and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu. (这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效，然后如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种哲学)”可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。故选B。
9.词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value. (这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动)”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。
10.推理判断题。通过文章第四段“In the final chapter f part ne, I’ll guide yu thrugh carrying ut yur wn digital declutter. In ding s, I’ll draw n an experiment I ran in 2018 in which ver 1,600 peple agreed t perfrm a digital declutter. (在第一部分的最后一章中，我将指导您进行自己的数字清理。在这样做的过程中，我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，1600多人同意进行数字清理)”可推知，第一部分的最后一章介绍了实验与数字清理的实际例子。故选C。
11.推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Yu can view these practices as a tlbx meant t aid yur effrts t build a minimalist lifestyle that wrds fr yur particular circumstances. (你可以将这些实践视为一个工具箱，旨在帮助你建立一种适合自己特定情况的极简主义生活方式)”可推知，作者建议读者根据需要与实际情况使用第二部分中提及的实践。故选A。
8.【2023新课标II卷】
Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject — the bk, represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld. The image f the reader appears thrughut histry, in art made lng befre bks as we nw knw them came int being. In artists’ representatins f bks and reading, we see mments f shared humanity that g beynd culture and time.
In this “bk f bks,” artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl, with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins. Adults are prtrayed (描绘) alne in many settings and pses —absrbed in a vlume, deep in thught r lst in a mment f leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds f years ag, but they recrd mments we can all relate t.
Bks themselves may be used symblically in paintings t demnstrate the intellect (才智), wealth r faith f the subject. Befre the wide use f the printing press, bks were treasured bjects and culd be wrks f art in their wn right. Mre recently, as bks have becme inexpensive r even thrwaway, artists have used them as the raw material fr artwrks — transfrming cvers, pages r even cmplete vlumes int paintings and sculptures.
Cntinued develpments in cmmunicatin technlgies were nce believed t make the printed page utdated. Frm a 21st-century pint f view, the printed bk is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-pwered e-reader. T serve its functin, a bk must be activated by a user: the cver pened, the pages parted, the cntents reviewed, perhaps ntes written dwn r wrds underlined. And in cntrast t ur increasingly netwrked lives where the infrmatin we cnsume is mnitred and tracked, a printed bk still ffers the chance f a whlly private, “ff-line” activity.
8. Where is the text mst prbably taken frm?
A. An intrductin t a bk.B. An essay n the art f writing.
C. A guidebk t a museum.D. A review f mdern paintings.
9. What are the selected artwrks abut?
A. Wealth and intellect.B. Hme and schl.
C. Bks and reading.D. Wrk and leisure.
10. What d the underlined wrds “relate t” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Understand.B. Paint.
C. Seize.D. Transfrm.
11. What des the authr want t say by mentining the e-reader?
A. The printed bk is nt ttally ut f date.
B. Technlgy has changed the way we read.
C. Our lives in the 21st century are netwrked.
D. Peple nw rarely have the patience t read.
【答案】8. B9. C10. A11. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了印刷书籍和阅读对人类的重要意义。
8.推理判断题。通读全文，再根据文章第一段“Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject — the bk, represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld. (Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers这一活动是为书籍这一日常物品办的典礼，这里有来自世界各地博物馆的近三百件艺术品)”以及倒数第二段“Befre the wide use f the printing press, bks were treasured bjects and culd be wrks f art in their wn right. (在印刷机广泛使用之前，书籍是珍贵的物品，它们本身就可以成为艺术品)”可推知，本文最有可能出自一篇关于著作艺术的文章。故选B。
9.细节理解题。通过文章第二段“artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl, with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”可知，选定的艺术品是关于书籍和阅读的。故选C。
10.词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl, with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”以及“These scenes may have been painted hundreds f years ag, but they recrd mments (这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了一些时刻)”可推知，此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解的纽带，故与画线短语“relate t”意思最相近的为A项“理解、认识到”。故选A。
11.推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“it remains as interactive as any battery-pwered e-reader (它仍然像任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有互动性)”以及“printed bk still ffers the chance f a whlly private, “ff-line” activity (印刷书籍仍然提供了完全私人的“离线”活动的机会)”可推知，本文作者提到电子阅读器想表达的是印刷书籍并没有完全过时。故选A。
9.【2023全国甲卷】
I was abut 13 when an uncle gave me a cpy f Jstein Gaarder’s Sphie’s Wrld. It was full f ideas that were new t me, s I spent the summer with my head in and ut f that bk. It spke t me and brught me int a wrld f philsphy (哲学).
That lve fr philsphy lasted until I gt t cllege. Nthing kills the lve fr philsphy faster than peple wh think they understand Fucault, Baudrillard, r Cnfucius better than yu — and then try t explain them.
Eric weiner’s The Scrates Express: In Search f Life Lessns frm Dead Philsphers reawakened my lve fr philsphy. It is nt an explanatin, but an invitatin t think and experience philsphy.
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene n a train ride between cities and then frames each philspher’s wrk in the cntext (背景) f ne thing they can help us d better. The end result is a read in which we learn t wnder like Scrates, see like Threau, listen like Schpenhauer, and have n regrets like Nietzsche. This, mre than a bk abut undestanding philsphy, is a bk abut learning t use philsphy t imprve a life.
He makes philsphical thught an appealing exercise that imprves the quality f ur experiences, and he des s with plenty f humr. Weiner enters int cnversatin with sme f the mst imprtant philsphers in histry, and he becmes part f that crwd in the prcess by decding (解读) their messages and adding his wn interpretatin.
The Scrates Express is a fun, sharp bk that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thughts n desire, lneliness, and aging. The invitatin is clear: Weiner wants yu t pick up a cffee r tea and sit dwn with this bk. I encurage yu t take his ffer. It’s wrth yur time, even if time is smething we dn’t have a lt f.
28. Wh pened the dr t philsphy fr the authr?
A. Fucault.B. Eric Weiner.
C. Jstein Gaarder.D. A cllege teacher.
29. Why des the authr list great philsphers in paragraph 4?
A. T cmpare Weiner with them.
B. T give examples f great wrks.
C. T praise their writing skills.
D. T help readers understand Weiners bk.
30. What des the authr like abut The Scrates Express?
A. Its views n histry are well-presented.
B. Its ideas can be applied t daily life.
C. It includes cmments frm readers.
D. It leaves an pen ending.
31. What des the authr think f Weiners bk?
A. Objective and plain.
B. Daring and ambitius.
C. Serius and hard t fllw.
D. Humrus and straightfrward.
【答案】28. C 29. D 30. B 31. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。作者在13岁时开始喜欢哲学，随后Weiner的书The Scrates Express唤起了作者对哲学的热爱。文章通过介绍了The Scrates Express这本书，倡导读者花时间去读这本书。
28.细节理解题。根据第一段“I was abut 13 when an uncle gave me a cpy f Jstein Gaarder’s Sphie’s Wrld. It was full f ideas that were new t me, s I spent the summer with my head in and ut f that bk. It spke t me and brught me int a wrld f philsphy(哲学).(我13岁的时候，一个叔叔给了我一本Jstein Gaarder的《 Sphie的世界》。书里面的观点对我来说都很新奇，所以我整个夏天都在钻研那本书。它对我说话，把我带入一个哲学的世界。)”可知，Jstein Gaarder为作者打开了通往哲学的大门。故选C。
29.推理判断题。根据第四段中“Weiner starts each chapter with a scene n a train ride between cities and then frames each philspher’s wrk in the cntext (背景) f ne thing they can help us d better. The end result is a read in which we learn t wnder like Scrates, see like Threau, listen like Schpenhauer, and have n regrets like Nietzsche. (Weiner在每一章的开头都描述了一个城市之间火车旅行的场景，然后将每一位哲学家的著作框定在一个他们能够帮助我们做得更好的事情上。最终的结果是，我们学会了像苏格拉底一样思考，像梭罗一样看，像叔本华一样听，像尼采一样没有遗憾。)”可知，作者在第四段开头描写了Weiner书的内容，接着作者通过列举了几位伟大的哲学家来描写读完这本书后我们能从中学到的东西，由此可推知，作者列举了几位伟大的哲学家是为了帮助读者理解Weiners的书。故选D。
30.细节理解题。根据第四段中“This, mre than a bk abut undestanding philsphy, is a bk abur learning t use philsphy t imprve a life.(这不仅仅是一本关于理解哲学的书，更是一本关于学习运用哲学来改善生活的书。)”可知，作者喜欢The Scrates Express这本书，是因为它的思想可以应用到日常生活中。故选B。
31.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“He makes philspical thught an appealing exercise that imprves the quality f ur experiences, and he des s with plenty f humr.(他使哲学思想成为一种有吸引力的练习，可以提高我们经验的质量，而且他在做这件事的时候充满了幽默感。)”可知，Weiners的书很幽默，根据最后一段中“The Scrates Express is a fun, sharp bk that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thughts n desire, lneliness, and aging. (The Scrates Express是一本有趣而尖锐的书，它以其表面上的简单吸引着读者，并逐渐将他们拉进对欲望、孤独和衰老的深层思考中。)”可知，Weiners的书简单易懂，由此可知，Weiners的书既幽默又简单易懂。故选D。
10.【2022新课标I卷】
The elderly residents (居民) in care hmes in Lndn are being given hens t lk after t stp them feeling lnely.
The prject was dreamed up by a lcal charity (慈善组织) t reduce lneliness and imprve elderly peple’s wellbeing, It is als being used t help patients suffering dementia, a serius illness f the mind. Staff in care hmes have reprted a reductin in the use f medicine where hens are in use.
Amng thse taking part in the prject is 80-year-ld Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used t keep hens when I was yunger and had t prepare their breakfast each mrning befre I went t schl. ”
“I like the prject a lt. I am dwn there in my wheelchair in the mrning letting the hens ut and dwn there again at night t see they’ve gne t bed.”
“It’s gd t have a different fcus. Peple have been bringing their children in t see the hens and residents cme and sit utside t watch them. I’m enjying the creative activities, and it feels great t have dne smething useful.”
There are nw 700 elderly peple lking after hens in 20 care hmes in the Nrth East, and the charity has been given financial supprt t rll it ut cuntrywide.
Wendy Wilsn, extra care manager at 60 Penfld Street, ne f the first t embark n the prject, said: “Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here.”
Lynn Lewis, directr f Ntting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy t be taking part in the prject. It will really help cnnect ur residents thrugh a shared interest and creative activities.”
28. What is the purpse f the prject?
A. T ensure harmny in care hmes.
B. T prvide part-time jbs fr the aged.
C. T raise mney fr medical research.
D. T prmte the elderly peple’s welfare.
29. Hw has the prject affected Ruth Xavier?
A. She has learned new life skills.
B. She has gained a sense f achievement.
C. She has recvered her memry.
D. She has develped a strng persnality.
30. What d the underlined wrds “embark n” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Imprve.B. Oppse.
C. Begin.D. Evaluate.
31. What can we learn abut the prject frm the last tw paragraphs?
A. It is well received.B. It needs t be mre creative.
C. It is highly prfitable.D. It takes ages t see the results.
【答案】28 D29. B30. C31. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况的项目。
28. D。推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The prject was dreamed up by a lcal charity (慈善组织) t reduce lneliness and imprve elderly peple’s wellbeing (该项目由当地一家慈善机构构想，旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况)”可知，这个项目的目的是为了提高老年人的幸福。故选D。
29. B。推理判断题。根据文章第五段““It’s gd t have a different fcus. Peple have been bringing their children in t see the hens and residents cme and sit utside t watch them. I’m enjying the creative activities, and it feels great t have dne smething useful.” (有不同的关注点很好。人们把自己的孩子带进来看母鸡，居民们也来外面坐着看它们。我喜欢创造性的活动，做一些有用的事情的感觉很好)”可推知，Ruth Xavier通过该项目获得了一种成就感。故选B。
30. C。词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及划线处前的“ne f the first (第一批人之一)”可知Wendy Wilsn是着手这项工程的人之一，划线处的含义与C项：“Begin (开始)”含义相近。故选C。
31. A。推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及最后一段“Lynn Lewis, directr f Ntting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy t be taking part in the prject. It will really help cnnect ur residents thrugh a shared interest and creative activities.” (“诺丁山路径”的负责人林恩•刘易斯说:我们很高兴能参与这个项目。它将通过共同的兴趣和创造性活动真正帮助我们的居民联系起来)”可知，该项目的反响很好。故选A。
11.【2022新课标II卷】
Over the last seven years, mst states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range f methds t persuade peple t put dwn their phnes when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the prblem, by just abut any measure, appears t be getting wrse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using scial netwrks and taking phts. Rad accidents, which had fallen fr years, are nw rising sharply.
That is partly because peple are driving mre, but Mark Rsekind, the chief f the Natinal Highway Traffic Safety Administratin, said distracted（分心）driving was "nly increasing, unfrtunately."
"Big change requires big ideas." he said in a speech last mnth, referring bradly t the need t imprve rad safety. S t try t change a distinctly mdern behavir, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back t an ld apprach: They want t treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea frm lawmakers in New Yrk is t give plice fficers a new device called the Textalyzer. It wuld wrk like this: An fficer arriving at the scene f a crash culd ask fr the phnes f the drivers and use the Textalyzer t check in the perating system fr recent activity. The technlgy culd determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed r dne anything else that is nt allwed under New Yrk's hands-free driving laws.
"We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir,” said Félix W. Ortiz, wh pushed fr the state's 2001 ban n hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne."
28. Which f the fllwing best describes the ban n drivers' texting in the US?
A. Ineffective.B. Unnecessary.
C. Incnsistent.D. Unfair.
29. What can the Textalyzer help a plice fficer find ut?
A. Where a driver came frm.B. Whether a driver used their phne.
C. Hw fast a driver was ging.D. When a driver arrived at the scene.
30. What des the underlined wrd "smething" in the last paragraph refer t?
A. Advice.B. Data.C. Tests.D. Laws.
31. What is a suitable title fr the text?
A. T Drive r Nt t Drive? Think Befre Yu Start
B. Texting and Driving? Watch Out fr the Textalyzer
C. New Yrk Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers.
D. The Next Generatin Cell Phne: The Textalyzer.
【答案】28. A 29. B 30. D 31. B
【解析】本文一篇说明文。为解决司机在开车时使用手机造成“分神”，引发交通事故的问题，纽约的一名立法者提出使用Textalyzer（短信监控器）的技术来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。
28. A。推理判断题。根据第一段中“Over the last seven years, mst states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range f methds t persuade peple t put dwn their phnes when they are behind the wheel.”（在过去的七年里，大多数州都禁止司机发短信，公共服务活动也尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。）以及第二段中“Yet the prblem, by just abut any measure, appears t be getting wrse.”（然而，无论以何种标准衡量，这个问题似乎都在恶化。）可知，大多数州使用了各种各样的方法说服司机们在开车的时候放下手机，可是情况却越来越糟糕。所以各种方法是无效的。A选项ineffective意为“无效的”，与此相符。故选A。
29. B。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The technlgy culd determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed r dne anything else that is nt allwed under New Yrk's hands-free driving laws.”（这项技术可以确定司机是否发了短信、发了邮件，或者做了纽约免提驾驶法不允许的其他事情。）可知，Textalyzer能够确定的是司机是否使用了手机发短信、邮件以及其他驾驶法不允许的行为。B 选项意为“是否司机使用了手机。”与此相符，故选B。
30. D。词义猜测题。根据句中的“We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir.”（我们需要一些能改变人们行为的东西，）可知，smething是能够改变人们的行为的事情。根据下文的“If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne.”（他说，如果Textalyzer法案成为法律，“人们会更害怕拿起手机。）可知，人们的行为会改变的条件是当Textalyzer法案成为法律。收到法律的约束和惩罚，司机们才不会在开车的时候使用手机。故smething指代的是法律。故选D。
31. B。主旨大意题。纵观全文，第一段和第二段阐述的是“虽然大多数州已经尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。可是问题却越来越严重”。第三段中“That is partly because peple are driving mre.”（部分原因是开车的人越来越多）可知，解释了该行为产生的部分原因。第四段至第五段讲述的是为了解决该问题是纽约立法者提出了一个新的想法即利用Textalyzer技术，来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。最后一段讲述的是：相关人士呼吁该项技术能够成为真正的法案由此才能真正的改变人们的行为。故B选项Texting and Driving? Watch Out fr the Textalyzer（发短信还是在开车？防范短信监控器。）适合文章的标题。故选B。
12.【2024新课标I卷】
We all knw fresh is best when it cmes t fd. Hwever, mst prduce at the stre went thrugh weeks f travel and cvered hundreds f miles befre reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a slid chice t reduce the jurney, Babyln Micr-Farm (BMF) shrtens it even mre.
BMF is an indr garden system. It can be set up fr a family. Additinally, it culd serve a larger audience such as a hspital, restaurant r schl. The innvative design requires little effrt t achieve a reliable weekly supply f fresh greens.
Specifically, it’s a farm that relies n new technlgy. By cnnecting thrugh the Clud, BMF is remtely mnitred. Als, there is a cnvenient app that prvides grwing data in real time. Because the system is autmated, it significantly reduces the amunt f water needed t grw plants. Rather than watering rws f sil, the system prvides just the right amunt t each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pd (容器) t get the next grwth cycle started.
Mrever, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zer emissins (排放) frm transprting plants frm sil t salad. In additin, there’s n need fr pesticides and ther chemicals that pllute traditinal farms and the surrunding envirnment.
BMF emplyees live ut sustainability in their everyday lives. Abut half f them walk r bike t wrk. Inside the ffice, they encurage recycling and waste reductin by limiting garbage cans and aviding single-use plastic. “We are passinate abut reducing waste, carbn and chemicals in ur envirnment,” said a BMF emplyee.
28. What can be learned abut BMF frm paragraph 1?
A. It guarantees the variety f fd.B. It requires day-t-day care.
C. It cuts the farm-t-table distance.D. It relies n farmer’s markets.
29. What infrmatin des the cnvenient app ffer?
A. Real-time weather changes.B. Current cnditin f the plants.
C. Chemical pllutants in the sil.D. Availability f pre-seeded pds.
30. What can be cncluded abut BMF emplyees?
A. They have a great passin fr sprts.
B. They are devted t cmmunity service.
C. They are fnd f sharing daily experiences.
D They have a strng envirnmental awareness.
31. What des the text mainly talk abut?
A. BMF’s majr strengths.B. BMF’s general management.
C. BMF’s glbal influence.D. BMF’s technical standards.
【答案】28. C 29. B 30. D 31. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。
28.细节理解题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a slid chice t reduce the jurney, Babyln Micr-Farm (BMF) shrtens it even mre. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”可知，巴比伦微型农场（BMF）进一步缩短了从农场到餐桌的距离。故选C。
29.细节理解题。根据第三段“Als, there is a cnvenient app that prvides grwing data in real time. (此外，还有一个便捷的应用程序，可以实时提供增长数据)”可知，这个便捷的应用程序提供了植物生长的实时数据。故选B。
30.推理判断题。根据最后一段“BMF emplyees live ut sustainability in their everyday lives. Abut half f them walk r bike t wrk. Inside the ffice, they encurage recycling and waste reductin by limiting garbage cans and aviding single-use plastic. “We are passinate abut reducing waste, carbn and chemicals in ur envirnment,” said a BMF emplyee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，BMF员工具有强烈的环保意识。故选D。
31.主旨大意题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a slid chice t reduce the jurney, Babyln Micr-Farm (BMF) shrtens it even mre. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”、第三段“By cnnecting thrugh the Clud, BMF is remtely mnitred. Als, there is a cnvenient app that prvides grwing data in real time. Because the system is autmated, it significantly reduces the amunt f water needed t grw plants. Rather than watering rws f sil, the system prvides just the right amunt t each plant. (通过云连接，对BMF进行远程监控。此外，还有一个方便的应用程序可以实时提供不断增长的数据。由于该系统是自动化的，因此大大减少了种植植物所需的水量。该系统不是给一排排土壤浇水，而是为每株植物提供合适的水量)”以及最后一段“BMF emplyees live ut sustainability in their everyday lives. Abut half f them walk r bike t wrk. Inside the ffice, they encurage recycling and waste reductin by limiting garbage cans and aviding single-use plastic. “We are passinate abut reducing waste, carbn and chemicals in ur envirnment,” said a BMF emplyee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。故选A。
13.【2024全国甲卷】
Animals can express their needs using a lt f ways. Fr instance, almst all animals have distinct vcals (声音)that they rely n t either ask fr help, scare away any dangerus animals r lk fr shelter. But cats are special creatures wh pssess amazing vcalizatin skills. They are able t have entire cnversatins with humans using mews and yu're able t interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep mewing t attract attentin and find fd. Hwever, when a cat is lking fr affectin, they tend t prduce stretched and sft mews. Mewing starts as sn as a baby cat is brught t life and uses it t get the mther's attentin and be fed.
Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense f smell is quite impressive. They use their nses t assess their envirnment and lk ut fr any signs f danger. They will sniff ut specific areas befre they chse a place t relax. Hwever, anther way the cats are able t distinguish between situatins is by lking fr familiar smells. Yur cat will likely smell yur face and stre the smell in its memry and use it t recgnize yu in the future. That's why mst pet cats are able t tell immediately if their wners were arund any ther cats, which they dn't usually like.
Dgs are knwn fr their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavir up a ntch. Many cats will find randm bjects utside and bring them t their wners. This is a very ld habit that's been present in all kinds f predatrs (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts fr their wners t shw they lve yu. These adrable little hunters are just ding smething that it's been in their nature since the beginning f time. S just g alng with it!
24. What can be learned abut cats' mewing frm the first paragraph?
A. It's a survival skill.B. It's taught by mther cats.
C. It's hard t interpret.D. It's getting luder with age.
25. Hw des a pet cat assess different situatins?
A. By listening fr sunds.B. By tuching familiar bjects.
C. By checking n smells.D. By cmmunicating with ther cats.
26. Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up ntch" in paragraph 3?
A. Perfrm apprpriately.B. Mve faster.
C. Act strangely.D. D better.
27. What is a suitable title fr the text?
A. Tips n Finding a Smart CatB. Understanding Yur Cat's Behavir
C. Have Fun with Yur CatD. Hw t Keep Yur Cat Healthy
【答案】24. A 25. C 26. D 27. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了猫通过叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物来表达需求、评估环境和展示爱意。
24.细节理解题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lt f ways. Fr instance, almst all animals have distinct vcals (声音) that they rely n t either ask fr help, scare away any dangerus animals r lk fr shelter. (动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。例如，几乎所有的动物都有独特的声音，它们依靠这些声音来寻求帮助，吓跑危险的动物或寻找庇护。)”和“Mewing starts as sn as a baby cat is brught t life and uses it t get the mther’s attentin and be fed. (猫宝宝一出生就开始喵喵叫，喵喵叫是为了引起妈妈的注意和被喂食。)”可知，猫叫声是一种生存技能。故选A。
25.细节理解题。根据第二段“Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense f smell is quite impressive. They use their nses t assess their envirnment and lk ut fr any signs f danger. (猫有许多敏锐的感官，但它们的嗅觉令人印象深刻。它们用鼻子来评估周围的环境，寻找任何危险的迹象。)”可知，宠物猫通过检查气味来评估不同情况。故选C。
26.词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词前半句“Dgs are knwn fr their impressive fetching habit, (狗以其令人印象深刻的抓取习惯而闻名)”和后句“Many cats will find randm bjects utside and bring them t their wners. (许多猫会在外面随意找到一些东西，并把它们带给主人。)”可知，狗以取回东西而闻名，但猫可以从外边找到东西带回来，因此在这一行为上更上一层楼。短语take ... up a ntch是用来形容猫在带回东西这一行为上做得更好或更出色。故选D。
27.主旨大意题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lt f ways.( 动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。)”及全文可知，文章都在介绍和解释猫的各种行为方式，包括叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物的习惯，以及这些行为背后的原因和意义。所以“Understanding Yur Cat’s Behavir(了解你的猫的行为)”作文文章标题最为合适。故选B。
14.【2024浙江1月卷】
On September 7, 1991, the cstliest hailstrm (花暴) in Canadian histry hit Calgary’s suthern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a grup f insurance cmpanies have spent abut $2millin per year n the Alberta Hail Suppressin Prject. Airplanes seed threatening strm cells with a chemical t make small ice crystals fall as rain befre they can grw int dangerus hailstnes. But farmers in east-central Alberta — dwnwind f the hail prject flights — wrry that precius misture (水分) is being stlen frm their thirsty land by the clud seeding.
Nrman Stienwand, wh farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings n this issue fr years “Basically, the prvincial gvernment is letting the insurance cmpanies prtect the Calgary-Edmntn urban area frm hail,” Mr. Stienwan d says, “but they’re increasing drught risk as far east as Saskatchewan.”
The Alberta hail prject is managed by Terry Krauss, a clud physicist wh wrks fr Weather Mdificatin Inc. f Farg, Nrth Dakta. “We affect nly a very small percentage f the ttal misture in the air, s we cannt be cusing drught.” Dr. Krauss says. “In fact, we may be helping increase the misture dwnwind by creating wetter grund.”
One dubter abut the safety f clud seeding is Chuck Dswell, a research scientist wh just retired frm the University f Oklahma. “In 1999, I persnally saw significant trnades (龙卷风) frm frm a seeded strm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Dswell says. “Des clud seeding create killer strms r reduce misture dwnwind? N ne really knws, f curse, but the seeding ges n.”
Given the degree f dubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it wuld be wise t stp clud seeding.” In practice, dubt has had the ppsite effect. Due t the lack f scientific prf cncerning their impacts, n ne has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against clud-seeding cmpanies. Hence, private climate engineering can prceed in relative legal safety.
28. What des the prject aim t d?
A. Cnserve misture in the sil.
B. Prevent the frmatin f hailstnes.
C. Frecast disastrus hailstrms.
D. Investigate chemical use in farming.
29. Wh are ppsed t the prject?
A. Farmers in east-central Alberta.
B. Managers f insurance cmpanies.
C. Prvincial gvernment fficials.
D. Residents f Calgary and Edmntn
30. Why des Dr. Dswell mentin the trnades he saw in 1999?
A. T cmpare different kinds f seeding methds.
B. T illustrate the develpment f big hailstrms.
C. T indicate a pssible danger f clud seeding.
D. T shw the link between strms and misture.
31. What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A. Scientific studies have prved Stienwand right.
B. Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada.
C. The dubt abut clud seeding has disappeared.
D. Clud-seeding cmpanies will cntinue t exist.
【答案】28. B29. A30. C31. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了1991年9月7日，加拿大历史上损失最大的冰雹袭击了卡尔加里的南郊。因此，自1996年以来，一组保险公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目上花费约200万美元。飞机在有威胁的风暴中心中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下。但是，在艾伯塔省中东部的农民们担心，“冰雹计划”飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷走。
28.细节理解题。根据第一段中“As a result, since 1996 a grup f insurance cmpanies have spent abut $2millin per year n the Alberta Hail Suppressin Prject. Airplanes seed threatening strm cells with a chemical t make small ice crystals fall as rain befre they can grw int dangerus hailstnes.(因此，自1996年以来，一组保险公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目上花费约200万美元。飞机在有威胁的风暴中心中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下)”可知，这个项目的目标是防止冰雹的形成。故选B项。
29.细节理解题。根据第一段中“But farmers in east-central Alberta — dwnwind f the hail prject flights — wrry that precius misture (水分) is being stlen frm their thirsty land by the clud seeding.(但是，在艾伯塔省中东部的农民们担心，“冰雹计划”飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷走)”可知，艾伯塔省中东部的农民反对这个项目。故选A项。
30.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“One dubter abut the safety f clud seeding is Chuck Dswell, a research scientist wh just retired frm the University f Oklahma. “In 1999, I persnally saw significant trnades (龙卷风) frm frm a seeded strm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Dswell says. “Des clud seeding create killer strms r reduce misture dwnwind? N ne really knws, f curse, but the seeding ges n.”(查克·多斯韦尔是一位刚刚从俄克拉何马大学退休的研究科学家，他对人工降雨的安全性持怀疑态度。“1999年，我在堪萨斯州亲眼目睹了由种子风暴细胞形成的重大龙卷风，”多斯韦尔博士说。“人工降雨会制造致命风暴还是减少顺风处的水分？当然，没有人真正知道，但是播种还在继续。”)”可推知，多斯韦尔博士提到他在1999年看到的龙卷风是为了提示人工降雨可能带来的危险。故选C项。
31.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Given the degree f dubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it wuld be wise t stp clud seeding.” In practice, dubt has had the ppsite effect. Due t the lack f scientific prf cncerning their impacts, n ne has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against clud-seeding cmpanies. Hence, private climate engineering can prceed in relative legal safety.(考虑到质疑的程度，斯廷旺德建议，“停止人工降雨是明智的。”在实践中，怀疑产生了相反的效果。由于缺乏有关其影响的科学证据，没有人成功地赢得了对人工降雨公司的诉讼。因此，私人气候工程可以在相对合法的安全条件下进行)”可推知，从最后一段我们能推断出人工降雨公司将继续存在。故选D项。
15.【2022全国甲卷】
Gffin’s cckats, a kind f small parrt native t Australasia, have been shwn t have similar shape-recgnitin abilities t a human tw-year-ld. Thugh nt knwn t use tls in the wild, the birds have prved skilful at tl use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cckats were presented with a bx with a nut inside it. The clear frnt f the bx had a “keyhle” in a gemetric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” t chse frm. Inserting the crrect “key” wuld let ut the nut.
In humans, babies can put a rund shape in a rund hle frm arund ne year f age, but it will be anther year befre they are able t d the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability t recgnize that a shape will need t be turned in a specific directin befre it will fit is called an “allcentric frame f reference”. In the experiment, Gffin’s cckats were able t select the right tl fr the jb, in mst cases, by visual recgnitin alne. Where trial-and-errr was used, the cckats did better than mnkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Gffin’s cckats d indeed pssess an allcentric frame f reference when mving bjects in space, similar t tw-year-ld babies.
The next step, accrding t the researchers, is t try and wrk ut whether the cckats rely entirely n visual clues (线索), r als use a sense f tuch in making their shape selectins.
24. Hw did the cckats get the nut frm the bx in the experiment?
A. By fllwing instructins.B. By using a tl.
C. By turning the bx arund.D. By remving the lid.
25. Which task can human ne-year-lds mst likely cmplete accrding t the text?
A. Using a key t unlck a dr.B. Telling parrts frm ther birds.
C. Putting a ball int a rund hle.D. Gruping tys f different shapes.
26. What des the fllw-up test aim t find ut abut the cckats?
A. Hw far they are able t see.B. Hw they track mving bjects.
C. Whether they are smarter than mnkeys.D. Whether they use a sense f tuch in the test.
27. Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Cckats: Quick Errr CheckersB. Cckats: Independent Learners
C. Cckats: Clever Signal-ReadersD. Cckats: Skilful Shape-Srters
【答案】24-27 BCDD
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。
24. B。事实细节题 根据第一段中的第二句 Thugh nt knwn t use tls in the wild, the birds have prved skilful at tl use while kept in the cage. 以及该段最后两句 ... the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” t chse frm. Inserting the crrect “key” wuld let ut the nut. 可知，凤头鹦鹉在笼子里使用工具很熟练，给它们形状不同的“钥匙”以供选择，插入正确的“钥匙”就能把盒子里的坚果取出来。
25. C。细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In humans, babies can put a rund shape in a rund hle frm arund ne year f age (在人类身上，婴儿从一岁左右就可以把一个圆形的物品放进一个圆形的洞里)”结合选项，可知，一岁儿童最有可能完成“将一个球放进一个圆形的洞里”的任务。故选C。
26. D。推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“The next step, accrding t the researchers, is t try and wrk ut whether the cckats rely entirely n visual clues, r als use a sense f tuch in making their shape selectins. (根据研究人员的说法，下一步是尝试弄清楚凤头鹦鹉是完全依靠视觉线索，还是也使用触觉来选择它们的形状)”可推知，后续测试的目的是了解凤头鹦鹉在测试中是否使用触觉。故选D。
27. D。主旨大意题。通读全文，再结合文章第一段“Cffin’s cckats, a kind f small parrt native t Australasia, have been shwn t have similar shape-recgnitin abilities t a human tw-year-ld. (科芬的凤头鹦鹉是一种原产于大洋洲的小鹦鹉，它的形状识别能力与两岁的人类相似)”可推知，本文主要介绍了会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。D项“Cckats: Skilful Shape-Srters (凤头鹦鹉：识别形状的熟练工)”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选D。
16.【2020全国II卷】
When yu were trying t figure ut what t buy fr the envirnmentalist n yur hliday list, fur prbably didn’t crss yur mind. But sme eclgists and fashin (时装) enthusiasts are trying t bring back the market fr fur made frm nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashin shws in New Orleans and Brklyn have shwcased nutria fur made int clthes in different styles. “It sunds crazy t talk abut guilt-free fur unless yu understand that the nutria are destrying vast wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, prject directr f Righteus Fur.
Scientists in Luisiana were s cncerned that they decided t pay hunters $5 a tail. Sme f the fur ends up in the fashin shws like the ne in Brklyn last mnth.
Nutria were brught there frm Argentina by fur farmers and let g int the wild. “The ecsystem dwn there can’t handle this nn-native species(物种). It’s destrying the envirnment. It’s them r us." says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria check fr decades，but when the market fr nutria cllapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Bilgist Edmnd Mutn runs the nutria cntrl prgram fr Luisiana. He says it’s nt easy t cnvince peple that nutria fur is green, but he has n dubt abut it. Hunters bring in mre than 300,000 nutria tails a year, s part f Mutn’s jb these days is trying t prmte fur.
Then there’s Righteus Fur and its unusual fashin. Mrgan says，“T give peple a guilt-free ptin that they can wear withut smene thrwing paint n them—I think that’s ging t be a massive thing, at least here in New Yrk.” Designer Jennifer Andersn admits it tk her a while t cme arund t the pinin that using nutria fur fr her creatins is mrally acceptable. She is trying t cme up with a label t attach t nutria fashins t shw it is ec-friendly.
28. What is the purpse f the fashin shws in New Orleans and Brklyn?
A. T prmte guilt-free fur.B. T expand the fashin market.
C. T intrduce a new brand.D. T celebrate a winter hliday.
29. Why are scientists cncerned abut nutria?
A. Nutria damage the ecsystem seriusly.B. Nutria are an endangered species.
C. Nutria hurt lcal cat-sized animals.D. Nutria are illegally hunted.
30. What des the underlined wrd “cllapsed” in paragraph 5 prbably mean?
A. Bmed. B. Became mature.
C. Remained stable. D. Crashed.
31. What can we infer abut wearing fur in New Yrk accrding t Mrgan?
A. It’s frmal.B. It’s risky.
C. It’s harmful.D. It’s traditinal.
【答案】28-31 AADB
【解析】本文是说明文。介绍美国新奥良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀。展出海狸鼠制成的皮衣。海狸鼠们每年都在破坏大片的湿地，因此设计师称这是一种环保的举措，科学家们也对海狸鼠损坏生态平衡表示担忧。
28. A。推理判断题。根据第二段得知，美国新奥尔良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀，时装秀上展出海狸鼠皮制成的不同风格的衣服，项目总监Cree McCree说：“除非了解海狸鼠正每年破坏大片湿地，否则谈论无罪感皮衣是很疯狂的事情”，可以判断出由于海狸鼠对生态造成了巨大的破坏，这场海狸鼠皮衣时装秀销售的是无罪恶感皮衣。
29. A。推理判断题。根据第三段Scientists in Luisiana were s cncerned that they decided t pay hunters $5 a tail.得知，科学家们如此担心以至于他们决定按照一条海狸鼠尾巴付给猎人们5美元，可以推断出科学家们担忧海狸鼠们严重破坏生态平衡。
30. D。词义猜测题。根据第五段The fur trade kept nutria in check fr decades, but when the market fr nutria cllapsed in the late 1980s,the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy. 得知，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠受到了几十年的控制，但是当海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代末崩溃时，这种猫大小的动物数量疯长，根据but判断，这是转折关系，以前由于皮毛交易，海狸鼠处于控制，现在这种海狸鼠之所以能够数量激增，是由于市场不再销售海狸鼠皮毛导致的，可以推断出划线词cllapsed 是和crashed倒闭的意思最相近。
31. B。推理判断题。根据第二段得知，为了给人们一种无罪的选择，人们可以穿皮衣而不被人们泼油漆，我认为在纽约将是一件巨大的事情，根据模特摩根所说得知，在纽约穿皮质衣服是有风险的。
年份
卷次
主题语境
字数
题型分类
细节理解
推理判断
主旨大意
词义猜测
2025年
2025全国一卷
D减少自来水中微塑料
330+135
2
2
0
0
2025全国二卷
D餐厅创意改造被丢弃食材
334+135
1
2
1
0
C室内植物利于身心
264+126
2
1
1
0
2025浙江1月卷
C矩阵式种植方法
299+121
1
1
1
1
2024年
2024·新高考I卷
C篇：人与社会：纸质阅读与数字阅读在学习效果上的差异
323+160
1
2
0
1
D篇：人与自然：现代生物采样数据的科学性
366+122
1
3
0
0
2024·新高考II卷
B篇：人与社会：：旧金山湾区快速交通引入短篇故事自助服务亭
276+126
2
2
0
0
C篇：人与社会：巴比伦微农场
272+125
2
1
1
0
D篇：人与社会：图书《人工智能设计:与人工智能共生的计划》
321+160
0
3
0
1
2024·全国甲卷
B篇：人与自然：了解猫的行为
312+124
1
1
1
1
C篇：人与社会：提供医疗服务的圣卢卡斯列车
282+111
1
3
0
0
D篇：人与社会：谈论文学作品的最佳结局
351+146
1
3
0
0
2024·浙江卷1月卷
人与自我：儿童棉花糖实验引发思考
340+149
1
1
1
0
2023年
2023·新高考I卷
C篇：人与社会：数字极简主义生活方式
322+ 107
1
2
0
1
D篇：人与社会：“群体智慧”效
339+112
1
2
1
0
2023·新高考 = 2 \* ROMAN II卷
人与自然：保护城市中的野生自然
320+156
1
3
0
0
2023·全国甲卷
人与自然：美国灰熊从濒危物种恢复到2000多头
321+149
2
2
0
0
2023·全国乙卷
人与社会：英国烹饪节目的影响
295+103
2
2
0
0
2023·浙江卷
人与社会：新型的太阳能农场
317+149
2
1
1
0
张冠李戴
即把文章中作者的观点与其他人的观点混淆在一起。题干问的是作者的观点,选项中出现的却是其他人的观点;题干问的是其他人的观点,选项中却出现了作者的观点
无中生有
这种类型的干扰项往往是基本的生活常识或普遍认可的观点,但在文章中并无相关的信息支撑点。其次,这种干扰项也有可能与设置的问题毫不相干
曲解文意
即推测意义与文章表层意义有区别。推理判断题中有些选项来自文章中的某一句或某几句话,命题者可能会利用里面的词设计出干扰项,看似表达文章的意思,其实是借题发挥,是对原文意思的曲解
鱼目混珠
鱼目混珠类型的干扰项常出现在词句理解类试题的选项中,即利用某个词或句子的字面含义代替其在文章特定语境中的具体含义
扩缩范围
为了准确、严密地表达文章内容,命题者特别注意对文意范围的限定,有时通过加上almst, all, nearly, mre than, nrmally, usually等词语对文意范围加以限定。“扩缩范围”干扰法就是在选项中通过改变或去掉限制性词语,将信息的范围、程度、感情色彩等改变,从而给考生解题造成干扰的命题方法
偷梁换柱
干扰项用了与文章中某一句话相似的句型结构和单词,却在考生易忽视的地方换了几个单词,造成句意的改变