高考英语二轮-阅读理解——研究报告类说明文（专项训练）（全国通用）（学生版）

这是一份高考英语二轮-阅读理解——研究报告类说明文（专项训练）（全国通用）（学生版），共35页。
TOC \ "1-2" \h \u \l "_Tc17943" 01 课标达标练
考向01考查研究报告prblem--slutin--result类
\l "_Tc2717" 考向02 考查研究报告Findings/discveries--evidence(experiment, result)--cnclusin(applicatin/evaluatin)类
\l "_Tc30632" 考向03 考查研究报告Phenmenn--analysis--cnclusin类
\l "_Tc20184" 02 核心突破练
研究报告说明文创新练
\l "_Tc5699" 03 真题溯源练
考向01考查研究报告prblem--slutin--result类
1.（2025·宁夏回族自治区银川一中月考）
Sme studies estimate that by 2025, abut 35.7 millin Americans r 22% f the wrkfrce will be remte wrkers. Nw mre peple are chsing t welcme a lcatin-independent, technlgy-enabled lifestyle that allws them t travel and wrk remtely. They are called digital nmads (数字游民), and the trend is becming mre and mre widespread.
The grwing ppularity f this lcatin-independent lifestyle has stimulated an interest in digital nmad visas. As a result, cuntries are intrducing visa ptins t lure freigners fr extended stays. Fr example, Indnesia annunced that the cuntry is develping a new visa that wuld be effective fr five years — lnger than any ther digital nmad visa currently available. The emergence f digital nmad visas signifies a prgressive respnse t the rising demand fr this new lifestyle.
Meanwhile, the cnventinal image f digital nmads is underging a transfrmatin. Digital nmads used t be thught f as twenty-smethings backpacking frm hstel t hstel, lking fr anywhere they culd plug in their laptp. But flexible wrk and hmeschling have helped intrduce a new type f digital nmad that wants t see the wrld and create lasting memries with their families. It’s called the “anywhere wrker”. Mst anywhere wrkers can be fund in high-tech jbs, with 61% wrking full-time. Almst half f peple in this categry are married, and, unlike the typical digital nmad, 70% are parents wh take their families with them.
Cnsistent with the changing image f digital nmads, there is als a shift frm valuing pssessins t fcusing n experiences. Millennils in particular, are fueling this trend. Rather than spending mney n expensive watches r luxury cars, yunger generatins prefer t invest in experiences like cncerts, rck climbing and traveling. Accrding t ne study, mre than three in fur Millennials wuld rather spend their hard-earned mney n a thrilling experience r event ver buying a prduct.
As remte wrk pprtunities increase, the trend f living a digital nmadic lifestyle is expected t cntinue grwing, allwing mre individuals t pursue their dream lifestyles. Nevertheless, whether r nt it will stand the test f time remains t be seen.
1．What makes remte wrk pssible?
A．The rise f digital nmads.
B．The technlgy advancement.
C．The availability f digital nmad visas.
D．The increased demand fr wrk-life balance.
2．What des the underlined wrd “lure” mean in Paragraph 2?
A．Request.B．Entertain.C．Fascinate.D．Guide.
3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A．The shpping habits f Millennials.
B．The analysis f Millennials’ image.
C．The changing values f digital nmads.
D．The benefits f a digital nmadic lifestyle.
4．What is the authr’s attitude twards digital nmads?
A．Psitive.B．Negative.C．Neutral.D．Ambiguus.
2.（2025·陕西省西安高新唐南中学第七次模拟）
The Evlutin f Aerspace: Trends and Prspects
The aerspace industry is n the limit f a revlutinary era, driven by technlgical advancements, sustainability gals, and evlving geplitical dynamics. As we apprach 2025, several key trends are set t redefine this dynamic sectr.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and autnmus systems are becming deeply embedded in aerspace and defense. AI is enhancing air traffic cntrl and flight management, ptimizing (优先) light paths, and imprving fuel efficiency. Autnmus aircraft, including drnes and eVTOLs (electric Vertical Takeff and Landing vehicles), are rapidly advancing. These innvatins prmise t revlutinize urban air mbility and military peratins.
The industry is als fcusing an reducing its envirnmental impact. Electric and hybrid-electric aircraft are being develped by cmpanies like Airbus and Being. Sustainable Aviatin Fuels (SAFs) and advanced materials like carbn fiber cmpsites (复合材料) are als gaining tractin (拉力). These effrts aim t make air travel mre ec-friendly.
Space remains a critical dmain (领域) fr bth cmmercial and defense interests. Private cmpanies like SpaceX and Blue Origin are driving the cmmercializatin f space. By 2025, we can expect significant advancements in space turism, satellite launches, and lunar explratin. Gvernments are als increasing their fcus n space defense, develping anti-satellite weapns and missile defense systems.
Despite these advancements, the aerspace industry faces several challenges. Supply chain issues, wrkfrce shrtages, and geplitical tensins are majr cncerns. Hwever, the industry is adapting thrugh AI-driven slutins, strategic partnerships and increased investment in cybersecurity.
By 2025, the aerspace industry will be shaped by the integratin f AI, the cmmercializatin f space, and a grwing emphasis n sustainability. These trends will create new pprtunities and challenges, requiring innvatin and adaptability. As the industry navigates these changes, it will cntinue t play a crucial rle in glbal security, ecnmic develpment, and technlgical prgress.
1．Hw is AI being used in the aerspace industry?
A．T reduce the number f flights.
B．T ptimize flight paths and imprve fuel efficiency.
C．T replace human pilts cmpletely.
D．T increase the cst f air travel.
2．Why is space defense becming a tp pririty?
A．Decreasing interest in satellite cmmunicatin.
B．Reductin in cmmercial space activities.
C．Declining investment in space explratin.
D．Grwing reliance n space-based facilities and rising threats.
3．What challenges des the aerspace industry face?
A．Supply chain issues and wrkfrce shrtages.
B．Decreasing demand fr air travel.
C．Lack f technlgical innvatin.
D．Reduced investment in cybersecurity.
4．What is the authr’s attitude twards the future f the aerspace industry?
A．Skeptical.B．Pessimistic.C．Optimistic.D．Indifferent.
3.（2025·浙江省杭州市高三二模）
Mst peple see innvatin as a flash f brilliance and Eureka, a new wrld is brn. When Alexander Fleming returned t his lab in 1928, he fund a bacteria culture he had grwn was infected by fungus (霉菌), killing any clnies it tuched. Rather than simply starting ver, Fleming switched his fcus t the fungus. He identified the bacteria-killing substance, which he called “penicillin”, and seemingly in a single strke, created the new field f antibitics. The truth, hwever, is messier. It wasn’t until 1943 that penicillin came int widespread use.
T put Fleming’s discvery in cntext, cnsider Ignaz Semmelweis, wh pineered hand washing in maternity wards (产房), significantly reducing childbed fever but receiving scrn instead f fame. That was because in the 1850s, his ideas cnflicted with the ppular miasma thery, which attributed disease t “bad airs”. After his death in 1865, germ thery was accepted, paving the way fr Fleming’s later wrk.
Fleming was a gifted bilgist but a pr cmmunicatr. When he published his results in 1929, few tk ntice. In 1935, Hward Flrey and Ernst Chain discvered Fleming’s paper, understd its imprtance, and develped methds t prduce penicillin in quantity. By 1943, with Wrld War II raging, the War Prductin Bard enlisted 21 cmpanies t mass-prduce penicillin, saving cuntless lives and ushering in the new age f antibitics. Fleming, Flrey and Chain received the Nbel Prize fr Medicine in 1945.
Penicillin wes much f its success t gvernment supprt. Fr many ther grundbreaking innvatins like the Internet and GPS, their innvatrs, while carving their wn path, are ften uncertain f where the pprtunity lies until they team up with ther visinaries and crpratins, wh might have the resurces t fast-track their ideas. S, lk at any significant innvatin and the myth f the lne genius and the “eureka mment” breaks dwn.
1．What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A．An accunt f a lab stry.B．Redefinitin f a traditinal view.
C．Crrectin f a ppular miscnceptin.D．An analysis f a scientific phenmenn.
2．What is the message cnveyed abut Fleming’s stry?
A．Great minds think alike.
B．The early bird catches the wrm.
C．Luck’s gt yur back when it cmes t success.
D．Early wrk is a steppingstne t later breakthrughs.
3．What des the underlined part “ushering in” mean in paragraph 3?
A．Delaying.B．Intrducing.C．Predicting.D．Transfrming.
4．Which f the fllwing can be the best title?
A．Great Innvatins: Individuals Are True Heres.
B．Frm Failure t Success: The Stry f Penicillin.
C．The Lne Genius: Fleming’s Discvery f Penicillin.
D．The Lng Rad t Penicillin: Hw Innvatin Happens.
\l "_Tc2717" 考向02 考查研究报告Findings/discveries--evidence(experiment, result)--cnclusin(applicatin/evaluatin)类
1.（2025届辽宁省沈阳市东北育才学校高三下学期适应性考试）
The future f space fd culd be simple and strange. Fr decades, astrnauts have relied mstly n prepackaged fd r the ccasinal grwn vegetables during their visits t uter space. With missins beynd Earth’s rbit in sight, a NASA led cmpetitin is hping t change all that and start a new era f sustainable space fd.
T slve the prblem f feeding astrnauts n lng duratin missins, the US space agency started the Deep Space Fd Challenge in January 2022, asking cmpanies t prpse nvel ways t develp sustainable fds fr future missins. Abut 200 cmpanies entered, which were narrwed dwn t 11 teams in January 2023 as part f phase 2. On Nvember 19, NASA annunced the teams that will prgress int the final phase f the cmpetitin, with sme winners t be annunced in March, 2025.
All teams had t shw systems that culd perate fr three years and feed a crew f fur n a future space missin. The prpsals did nt need t supply a crew’s entire diet, but they did need t create a variety f nutritius fds t the astrnauts.
One cmpany tk an incredibly unusual apprach t the task. Air Cmpany, based in New Yrk, designed a system that culd use the carbn dixide breathed ut by astrnauts in space t prduce alchl, which can then be fed t yeast (酵母) and prduce “smething that’s suitable fr eating”. “It’s making fd ut f the air.” says Staffrd Sheehan, c-funder and chief technlgy fficer f Air Cmpany, “It sunds like magic, but when yu see it actually perating, it’s much mre simple.”
Interstellar Lab in Flrida had a different apprach. Its system, called NUCLEUS, is a set f small capsules. Each is self-cntained, with its wn temperature, watering system, etc. That wuld allw different vegetables t be planted s that astrnauts can easily grw their wn fd in space.
While the winning ideas frm the Deep Space Fd Challenge wn’t immediately be used by astrnauts, they shw what might be pssible n future missins. “Yu’ve gt t start years in advance t make sure yu have the capability in place when yu need it,” says Ralph Fritsche, senir prject manager fr space crp prductin at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Flrida.
1．Why was the Deep Space Fd Challenge launched?
A．T find tasty fds fr astrnauts.
B．T fund a space fd supply center.
C．T develp a new surce f space fd.
D．T attract astrnauts t fd explratin.
2．Which might be the requirement t becme the winning cmpany?
A．Future space missins lasting three years.
B．Entire diets fr lng-lasting space research.
C．Cncrete prpsals invlving a crew f fur.
D．Sustainable supply f nutritius space fds.
3．What d paragraphs 4 and 5 fcus n?
A．Describing future space fd.
B．Shwing slutins frm cmpeting cmpanies.
C．Intrducing the current status f space fd.
D．Explaining the nutritinal needs f space fd.
4．What is the mst suitable title fr the text?
A．Astrnauts prduce mre space fd.
B．Space explrers face a lack f nutritin.
C．New types f space fds are n the way.
D．Future space missins last even lnger.
2.（2025·安徽省合肥市第七中学高三第四次质检）
A glbal study cmparing 2,062 birds finds that, in highly variable envirnments, birds tend t have either larger r smaller brains relative t their bdy size. Birds with smaller brains tend t use eclgical strategies that are nt available t big-brained nes. “The fact is that there are a great many species that d quite well with small brains,” said Trevr Friste, first authr f the study frm Washingtn University.
Previus studies had fund general trends tward larger relative brain sizes at higher latitudes (纬度), where cnditins are mre variable. This new study is different because it lks at the full distributin f brain sizes acrss envirnments, allwing the researchers t test whether different sizes are ver-r under-represented. They fund that at higher latitudes, bird brains are significantly mre likely t be either relatively large r relatively small cmpared t bdy size.
What was ging n here? Friste, brn in Alaska, had a few ideas. He suggests that the Alaska state bird, the ptarmigan (雷鸟), might be a typical example f the small-brained species. Lvable thugh it is, it’s nt exactly knwn fr its smarts. The ptarmigan can, hwever, feed n branches and willw leaves.
“We find that small-brained species in these envirnments emply strategies that are unachievable with a large brain. These species are able t live n readily available but difficult t digest resurces such as needles f cnifers (针叶树), r even branches. These fds can be fund even during extreme winter cnditins, but they are fibrus and require a large gut (肠道) t digest,” Friste said. “Gut tissue, like brain tissue, is energetically demanding, and limited budgets mean that it is challenging t maintain a lt f bth.”
“Brains are nt evlving separately — they are part f a brader suite f adaptatins that help creatures succeed in their lives,” said Carls Bter, assistant prfessr f bilgy and c-authr f the study. “Bilgists, urselves included, have histrically believed that envirnmental variability drives the expansin f brain size. But when we take a brader view, we realize that ther strategies als wrk — and remarkably, the alternative here invlves making a brain actually smaller!”
1．Hw des Friste’ s research differ frm previus studies?
A．It arrives at a cnflicting cnclusin.B．It fcuses n birds with smaller brains.
C．It cvers a wider range f brain sizes.D．It reveals birds’ evlving prcesses.
2．What d we knw abut the ptarmigan?
A．It is cnsidered fairly intelligent.B．It has a pwerful digesting system.
C．It has a relatively large bdy size.D．It has a selective feeding habit.
3．What can be inferred abut smaller brains frm Bter’s wrds?
A．They are typical f independent evlutin.B．They are a result f limited budgets.
C．They are nt fr variable envirnments.D．They are an effective survival strategy.
4．what can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．The Smaller the Brain, the SmarterB．Big Brains: Adapt t Higher Latitudes
C．Big Brains r Big Guts: Chse OneD．Evlutins f Brain Size in Birds
3.（2025·河北省石家庄市普通高中毕业年级教学质量检测（三））
Scientists have been lking at DNA t stre all types f data, nt just bilgical, but als digital. Yet while DNA is a great strage material, it’s als quite delicate. Water r heat can damage it easily unless it’s given an amber-like (似琥珀) cating. That new idea was brrwed frm the 1993mvie Jurassic Park, in which scientists clned dinsaurs frm DNA trapped in amber.
DNA is the wrld’s ldest data strage device. The mst amazing thing abut DNA is that it can ptentially be used t stre any type f data. Putting infrmatin int DNA uses a prcess called encding. “Yur cmputer stres infrmatin in a binary frmat (二进制), zeres and nes,” ntes Karishma Matange, a cmputatinal bilgist. “Encding wrks t change these zeres and nes int A, C, G and T, the DNA bases that can stre infrmatin.” The rder f the bases in DNA is called sequence (序列), which spells ut the infrmatin it hlds. T pull infrmatin back ut frm the DNA, yu rewind the prcess.
Scientists can stre DNA fr lng perids. But it requires freezing temperatures, special equipment and dangerus chemicals, which makes the prcess cstly. James Banal, a scientist in San Carls, Califrnia, and his team came up with a new methd T-REX. His team uses this methd t trap DNA in a material similar t plastic. “Plastics are durable.” Banal pints ut. Besides, T-REX is a cheap alternative t enclse DNA．
T test it, the team encded the Jurassic Park theme music and a persn’s genme int DNA．Then they put the DNA in the glassy plastic. Damp and heat are DNA’s biggest threats. But the T-REX material keeps damp ut. The researchers heated it up t 75° Celsius. Later, they gt the DNA by breaking the cating dwn. The best part, Banal says, is that the brken-dwn material can be reused t stre DNA again.
Banal and his clleagues want t use the T-REX methd t preserve genetic data r even safely stre bilgical samples that will be launched int space. And we might ne day use it t stre the massive amunts f data peple generate every day.
1．Hw is digital infrmatin stred int DNA?
A．By turning binary cde int DNA bases.
B．By freezing the DNA at lw temperatures.
C．By cating the DNA with amber material.
D．By sequencing DNA frm ancient samples.
2．What is the main advantage f the T-REX methd fr DNA strage?
A．Breaking DNA dwn with chemicals.
B．Offering cst-effective strage f DNA．
C．Helping DNA survive extreme wetness.
D．Withdrawing whle DNA frm dinsaurs.
3．What will the DNA strage technlgy be used fr in the future?
A．Clning extinct dinsaurs.B．Reducing glbal plastic pllutin.
C．Preserving diverse samples.D．Speeding future space explratin.
4．What’s the main idea f the text?
A．A breakthrugh in DNA data strage technlgy.
B．Hw digital technlgy advances DNA analysis.
C．The bilgical applicatins f DNA repairing system.
D．Hw Jurassic Park inspired DNA preservatin research.
4.（2025·广东省深圳市罗湖外语学校期中）
Research led by the University f Leeds has fund that children d better at primary schl if their fathers regularly spend time with them n interactive engagement (互动式参与) activities like reading, playing, telling stries, drawing and singing.
Analyzing primary schl test scres fr five-and seven-year-lds, the researchers used a representative sample f nearly 5,000 mther-father husehlds in England. Accrding t the research, dads wh regularly drew, played and read with their three-year-lds helped their children d better at schl by age five. Dads being invlved at age five als helped imprve scres in seven-year-lds’ Key Stage Assessments.
Dr Helen Nrman, wh led the research, said, “Mthers still tend t assume the primary carer rle and therefre tend t d the mst childcare, but if fathers actively engage in childcare t, it significantly increases the likelihd f children getting better grades in primary schl. This is why encuraging and supprting fathers in sharing childcare with the mther, frm an early stage in the child's life, is critical. ”
Dads’ invlvement impacted psitively n their children’s schl achievement regardless f the child's gender, ethnicity, age in the schl year and husehld incme, accrding t the research. There were different effects when mms and dads tk part in the same activities - the data shwed that mms had mre f an impact n yung children's emtinal and scial behavirs than educatinal achievement.
The researchers recmmend that dads spare as much time as they can t engage in interactive activities with their children each week. Fr busy, wrking dads, even just ten minutes a day culd ptentially have educatinal benefits. They als recmmend that schls and early years educatin prviders rutinely take bth parents' cntact details and develp strategies t engage fathers and keep a recrd f father-engagement.
Dr Jeremy Davies, wh c-authred the reprt, said, “Our analysis has shwn that fathers have an imprtant, direct impact n their children’s learning. We shuld be recgnizing this and actively finding ways t supprt dads in playing their part, rather than engaging nly with mthers, r taking a gender-neutral apprach. ”
1．Hw did the researchers cnduct the study?
A．By assessing parent-child relatinships.B．By bserving educatinal parent-child activities.
C．By classifying children's individual interests.D．By examining children’s academic perfrmance.
2．What des Helen Nrman try t tell us in Paragraph 3?
A．Shared childcare is highly beneficial.B．Educatin starts frm the family.
C．Children need a sense f belnging.D．Father excels in educating children.
3．Which f the fllwing d the researchers recmmend?
A．Fathers reduce wrking hurs.B．Schls invlve fathers in children’s learning.
C．Mthers keep track f children's studies.D．Educatrs find ways t supprt mthers.
4．What is a suitable title fr the text?
A．The Shift in Parents’ Rles in Childcare.B．The Impact f Fathers n Children’s Educatin.
C．Mm vs. Dad: Wh Influences Kids Mre?D．Interactive Activities: Hw D They Affect Kids’ Grades?
5.（2025·江西省南昌市青山湖区江西师范大学附属中月考）
Teenagers wh have clse, secure relatinships with their families are mre likely t extend empathy (同理心) t their peers, accrding t a new study.
The study, cnducted at the University f Virginia’s Adlescent Research Grup, fllwed 174 adlescents frm the ages f 14 t 18 t track their prgress annually. At age 14, researchers interviewed the teens regarding their family relatinships using a mdified versin f the Adult Attachment Interview, which is cnsidered the “gld standard” f assessing ne’s attachment state f mind. Jessica Stern, lead authr f the study, said this mtivated the teens t share descriptins and stries abut their families. Researchers paid attentin t nt nly what the teens said but als hw they expressed it.
After these initial interviews, researchers went back t the participants at ages 16, 17 and 18 and bserved their interactins with a clse friend. The researchers nted hw the participants respnded when their friend presented a prblem and revealed it t them, assessing the participants’ extensin f empathy. Teens wh had mre secure family relatinships shwed higher empathy tward their friends at ages 16 and 17 than less secure teens. It’s nt all bad news, thugh, because the less secure teens “caught up” in their empathic behavir by age 18. This is cause fr hpe, Stern said, because it may indicate that thse empathic skills can develp ver time fr adlescents wh dn’t have great relatinships at hme. Having strng friendships r a trusted teacher might make an impact n insecure teens’ empathy.
Mre research is being cnducted n this particular grup f participants, wh are nw in their mid-30s. The researchers are interested in seeing hw the empathic abilities they examined in the teens nw shape their rmantic relatinships and parenting behavir as adults. Being able t pick up n ther peple’s emtins and see frm their pint f view is imprtant “fr a variety f ther things that we cnsider success in the wrld,” Stern said.
Fr parents and even teachers, Stern advises understanding the necessity f empathy and really investing in relatinships with teens. Prviding mdels f empathic behavir, including treating thers with kindness, respect and supprt, can help adlescents internalize that behavir.
1．What d we knw abut the research?
A．It was a lng-term study.
B．It revealed gender differences.
C．It invlved big data analysis.
D．It explred prblem-slving strategies.
2．What can be inferred abut the less secure teens during the study?
A．They shwed a decline in empathy.
B．They became mre eager fr empathy.
C．They maintained cnsistent levels f empathy.
D．They initially struggled but imprved in empathy.
3．What wuld help adlescents develp empathy accrding t the last paragraph?
A．Demnstrating empathy in actin.
B．Rewarding their prgress in empathy.
C．Engaging them in classrm discussins.
D．Mnitring their interpersnal relatinships.
4．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．The pwer f empathy fr future success.
B．Teenagers’ empathy linked t family bnds.
C．The impact f friendship n adlescent empathy.
D．Attachment thery and teens’ empathy develpment.
6.（2025届北京市精华学校高三三模）
Rising glbal carbn dixide levels tied t glbal warming may nt be as crucial in determining the cmpsitin f plant cmmunities as ther lcalized climate changes.
“Nbdy really knws what the increases in carbn dixide are ging t entail in terms f future changes in vegetatin types,” said Mark Brenner, a University f Flrida assistant prfessr f palelimnlgy, the study f ancient lakes. “It lks like climate changes in different areas may be mre imprtant than carbn dixide, at least carbn dixide by itself,” he said.
Brenner’s research team based their cnclusins n an analysis f sediment (沉积物) frm tw lake bttms, ne in nrthern Mexic and ne in nrthern Guatemala. The researchers used new techniques that allwed them t analyze nly the remains f land plants, specifically their leaf waxes. By measuring the istpe cmpsitin f the leaf waxes, the researchers were able t distinguish tw brad categries f plants living in these areas — s-called C3 and C4 plants, which have different phtsynthetic (光合作用的) prcesses, the prcess by which green plants turn carbn dixide and water int fd using energy frm sunlight. Many C4 plants are trpical grasses, while mst trpical trees are C3 plants. The researchers analyzed sediments depsited ver the last 27,000 years, frm the last ice age t the current gelgical perid. Over this perid, there was a wrldwide, relatively unifrm increase in atmspheric carbn dixide cncentratins.
Brenner said that if carbn dixide played the majr rle in determining plant cmpsitin, ne wuld assume that analysis f the sediments wuld reveal very similar changes in relative abundance f C3 and C4 plants in the tw places ver the study perid. But, in fact, the researchers fund that trends in the tw types f plants were different at the tw lcatins. The changes were related nt with carbn dixide levels, but with shifts in rainfall. “The result appears t be that climate factrs, especially misture availability, determine whether C4 r C3 plants dminate in an area, nt carbn dixide,” Brenner said.
Many scientists believe glbal warming will cause majr variatin in lcal climates wrldwide, with sme wet areas becming dry and dry areas becming wet. If that happens, it culd have mre impact n relative C3 versus C4 plant distributin than the rising carbn dixide levels.
1．What can be inferred in the first paragraph?
A．Climate change affects plant cmmunity cmpsitin mre than rising CO2 levels.
B．Lcalized climate shifts may nt be as crucial as carbn dixide.
C．Nbdy knws which ne is imprtant.
D．Carbn dixide levels is crucial t the glbal warming.
2．Accrding t the third paragraph, which ne is NOT true?
A．Trpical grasses are usually C4 plants.
B．C3 and C4 plants used t live in nrthern Mexic and Guatemala.
C．C3 and C4 plants dn’t have the same prcesses.
D．Trpical trees are all C3 plants.
3．Why were trends in C3 and C4 plants different at the tw lcatins?
A．The assumptin that carbn dixide played the majr rle is wrng.
B．The carbn dixide played an imprtant rle.
C．The misture availability was different.
D．The carbn dixide level was different.
4．What’s the main idea f the passage?
A．Climates factrs determine the plant distributin and cmpsitin f plant cmmunities.
B．Glbal warming will cause majr variatin.
C．Hw has Brenner’s research team prved a truth.
D．C3 and C4 plants are imprtant plants in determining the cmpsitin f plant cmmunities.
7.（2025届重庆市高三下5月全真模拟）
The bm f artificial intelligence has sparked a wave f new pssibilities, but it’s als causing fears amng many Americans abut their jbs. Recent surveys indicate grwing public anxiety, with 51% f Americans expressing cncern that AI might replace human jbs, which reflects the grundbreaking pwer f AI acrss varius industries.
Research highlights ntable differences in perceptin between experts and the general public. While 73% f respndents believe cashier psitins will decline due t AI, and 67% anticipate reductins in factry jbs, pinins vary sharply regarding truck drivers. Only 33% f the public fresees jb lsses in this sectr, cmpared t 62% f Al experts wh predict substantial impacts. This gap suggests that the public may underestimate Al's ptential t disrupt certain prfessins.
A crucial distinctin exists between traditinal autmatin and mdern Al capabilities. As Mlly Kinder frm the Brkings Institutin says, sme f these pinins are cnfusing ld autmatin with what generative AI can d. “Generative AI is nt yur grandparents’ autmatin. It’s mving up the skill chain... in ways I dn’t think the public is fully aware f.” Unlike earlier technlgies that primarily affected manufacturing, cntemprary AI can perfrm cmplex cgnitive tasks such as dcument analysis, legal research, and financial frecasting — functins traditinally assciated with white-cllar prfessinals.
Studies identify several vulnerable sectrs, including ffice administratin, legal services, and financial peratins. Hwever, researchers cautin against simplistic predictins f jb eliminatin (淘汰). Mark Mur, c-authr f a Brkings reprt, ntes, “AI is mre likely t transfrm jbs than replace them entirely.” This perspective suggests that while certain tasks may be autmated, new pprtunities fr human-AI cllabratin may emerge.
The adptin f AI has been slwer than expected in regulated fields like healthcare and law, where human judgment remains crucial. Nevertheless, as MIT prfessr Eric S bserves, “AI’s capabilities are evlving at an unprecedented pace.” Frm basic chatbts t sphisticated decisin-making systems, AI cntinues t reshape the wrkplace, creating bth challenges and pssibilities that sciety must carefully navigate.
1．Which prfessin shws the largest difference in perceptin?
A．Cashiers.B．Truck drivers.
C．Factry wrkers.D．Legal prfessinals.
2．What des Mlly Kinder emphasize abut generative AI?
A．It is limited t simple repetitive tasks.B．It primarily affects manufacturing jbs.
C．It can perfrm cmplex cgnitive tasks.D．It has been widely adpted in healthcare.
3．What is Mark Mur’s view n AI's impact n jbs?
A．AI will create mre jbs than it eliminates.
B．AI is likely t shift rather than replace jbs.
C．AI will cmpletely replace human wrkers.
D．AI will have n significant impact n emplyment.
4．What is the authr’s attitude twards the develpment f AI?
A．Objective.B．Supprtive.
C．Dismissive.D．Dubtful.
\l "_Tc30632" 考向03 考查研究报告Phenmenn--analysis--cnclusin类
1.（2025·安徽省阜阳市第三中学期中）
It’s cmmn t hear that being “emtinal” is ppsite frm being “ratinal (理性的)”. Fr many peple, there is n place fr emtin in ratinal thinking. Hwever, sme recent wrk frm ur lab suggests smething ppsite.
We fund that individuals wh scre higher n tests f intelligence and ratinality dn’t ignre (忽略) emtins. Instead, they pay mre attentin t emtins and are better at recgnizing and understanding emtins. This is because mst intelligent decisin-making requires emtinal infrmatin. Emtins tell us what we want, and we can’t make smart decisins withut first knwing what ur gals are.
Fr example, as a mther, if I want t make my children happy, and I knw they like vide games, it wuld make sense fr me t buy them a vide game. But, if I instead want them t stay fcused n hmewrk, then it wuldn’t make sense fr me t buy them the vide game. Yu can see frm this example that a ratinal decisin can’t be made unless I knw varius pieces f emtinal infrmatin.
Anticipating thers’ emtins may help us be mre effective leaders — allwing us t predict the way peple will respnd t what we say r d. Anticipating ur wn emtins can als make fr much mre effective lng-term decisins. Fr example, if I predict I will feel anxius befre giving a public speech, I might be inspired t practice a few mre times. If I instead simply ignred my anxiety, chances are that I’d be mre disturbed n stage, and my speech wuldn’t g smthly.
Of curse, it’s imprtant t find ut situatins where emtinal influences may nt be helpful as well. Here, individuals wh scre higher n ratinality tests may be better at reflecting n whether an emtin will be helpful r nt in a given situatin. They can then make their decisin after giving it deeper cnsideratin. Fr example, expressing t much anger r sadness t yur bss when yu dn’t get an prmtin (晋升) may nt be in yur best interest.
In general, if we want t be ratinal and make the best decisins, we shuld desire as much infrmatin as we can get and infrmatin abut emtins can ften be especially useful.
1．What is a widespread pinin abut emtins and ratinality?
A．Ratinality can develp emtinal intelligence.
B．Emtins help t make ratinal decisins.
C．They play ppsite rles in thinking prcesses.
D．Ratinality is mre imprtant than emtins in decisin-making.
2．Why des the authr mentin the example in Paragraph 3?
A．T shw the prcess f decisin-making.B．T tell us the harm f ignring emtins.
C．T draw the line between ratinality and emtins.D．T shw the imprtance f emtinal infrmatin.
3．What shuld be dne t make the best f emtins accrding t Paragraph 5?
A．Recgnizing their usefulness.B．Reflecting n the pssible effect.
C．Cmpleting the ratinality tests.D．Thinking abut varius situatins.
4．What des the authr suggest fr making wise decisins?
A．gaining enugh infrmatin.B．Putting ratinality at the first place.
C．Trusting direct feelings.D．Seeking expert advice.
2.（2025·安徽省蚌埠市A层高中第一次联考）
Lndn-based startup Brilliant Planet has rented 6,100 hectares f land in suthern Mrcc, situated between the Atlantc Ocean and the Sahara. And it’s using it t grw algae (藻类), which absrbs atmspheric carbn dixide and sends ut xygen.
Brilliant Planet’s CEO Adam Taylr says the cmpany has develped a way t grw algae at extreme rates starting in a glass cup in a lab and ending in 12,000-square-meter pls f lcally-surced seawater. The algae is btained frm the water then pumped up a 10-stry twer and sprayed int the desert air. In the 30 secnds r s it takes t reach the grund, ht air dries the bimass (生物质) ut, leaving hypersaline (超盐的) algae pieces which can be cllected and shallw buried, sequestering (使隔绝) their carbn fr thusands f years.
“Nature-based slutins are a great way f remving carbn,” Taylr said. “Deserts are an underused envirnment. It des nt cst a lt f mney t rent the desert. What’s mre, yu’re nt cmpeting with farms r frests. Yu’re ut f the way, nt bthering peple.”
Taylr claims that Brilliant Planet’s slutin can permanently remve 30 times mre carbn dixide frm the atmsphere per hectare per year than a typical Eurpean frest. Brilliant Planet’s gal is t remve ne millin metric tns f carbn dixide per year by the end f the decade.“Glbally, we’ve identified abut half a millin square kilmeters f flat desert-cean land where it wrks,” Taylr said, adding that the cmpany hpes t set up in Namibia next.
Fatna Ikrame El Fanne, an envirnmental engineer, described the use f algae as “a new and prmising strategy” that “is a typical example f innvative use f natural prcess t address an urgent glbal issue.” Nevertheless, she expressed cautin. “Micralgae prductin n a large scale might damage lcal ecsystems, lead t veruse f water resurces, and change habitats,” she said.
There’s an acknwledgement that ne cmpany can’t d it all — and can’t g it alne. “We are part f a grup f prbably 40 t 50 wnderful ideas f hw peple can remve carbn frm the atmsphere,” Taylr said, calling fr “a Manhattan Prject-type attitude” t tackling carbn capture. Whether algae is the slutin the wrld needs remains t be seen. But the idea’s grwing n peple.
1．What des Paragraph 2 mainly tell us abut Brilliant Planet?
A．Its establishment f an algae plant.
B．Its methd f grwing algae.
C．Its prcess f carbn capture.
D．Its daily rutine in the desert.
2．What advantage did Taylr highlight abut using deserts fr carbn remval?
A．Huge prfits.
B．High temperature.
C．N ccupatin f rich land.
D．N bidiversity cncerns.
3．What can be inferred abut the use f algae frm El Fanne’s wrds?
A．It needs imprving.
B．It is highly efficient.
C．It is nt wrth prmting.
D．It is cmmercially develped.
4．Why is “a Manhattan Prject- type attitude” mentined in the last paragraph?
A．T highlight the challenges f carbn remval.
B．T recgnize the cntributins f Brilliant Planet.
C．T prve the effectiveness f nature-based slutins.
D．T emphasize the necessity f jint effrts.
3.（2025届广西南宁市第四十二中学高三下学期高考热身）
Eating a plant-based diet has been shwn t be very gd fr yur heart and yur verall health. In fact, a previus study fund a yung persn culd live an additinal 13 years by eating mre vegetables and legumes (豆类), as well as whle grains, fruit and nuts.
The findings f a new analysis f the diets f nearly 400,000 UK adults published Mnday in the jurnal Frntiers in Nutritin are rather shcking: Eating veggies, especially cked nes, desn’t reduce yur risk f heart disease ver time.
“Our large study did nt find evidence fr a prtective effect f vegetable intake n the ccurrence f CVD (心血管疾病),” said Qi Feng, an epidemilgist at the University f Oxfrd, in a statement.
While the study fund eating raw veggies culd prtect against heart disease, cked vegetables did nt. Any benefit went away when researchers factred in lifestyle factrs such as physical activity, educatinal level, smking, drinking, fruit intake, red and prcessed meat cnsumptin, and use f mineral and vitamin supplements.
“Instead, ur analyses shw that the seemingly prtective effect f vegetable intake against CVD risk is very likely t be accunted fr by bias (偏差)… related t differences in sciecnmic situatin and lifestyle,” Feng said.
Dn’t start celebrating yet, veggie haters. Experts in the UK and United States quickly tk exceptin t the study’s cnclusin.
“Althugh this study fund that eating mre vegetables wasn’t assciated with a lwer risk f heart and circulatry diseases nce ther lifestyle and ther factrs were taken int accunt, that desn’t mean we shuld stp eating vegetables,” said Victria Taylr, a senir dietitian at the British Heart Fundatin, in a statement.
“The results are nt surprising. Picking ut ne single cmpnent and assuming just adding it t the diet, e.g., vegetables, is nt likely t result in the desired effect,” Alice Lichtenstein, directr and senir scientist at Tufts University’s Cardivascular Nutritin Labratry, tld CNN in an email.
“One thing that has becme clear ver the past decade is that we shuld nt be lking at single fds r nutrients, rather the whle dietary pattern,” said Lichtenstein.
1．What can we learn frm the new study led by Feng?
A．It fllwed a yung UK persn fr 13 years.
B．Its findings came as n surprise t ther peple.
C．It verturned the cnclusin f previus studies.
D．Its purpse was t find the right vegetables fr peple.
2．What did Feng imply abut vegetables’ prtective effect?
A．It was ttally made up by sme researchers.
B．It still held true despite sme different findings.
C．It culd nly be achieved by living a healthy lifestyle.
D．It was a miscnceptin caused by differences in peple.
3．What des the underlined phrase “take exceptin t” in Paragraph 6 mean?
A．Vice bjectins t.B．Add details t.
C．Shw respect fr.D．Take ntice f.
4．What did Lichtenstein think f the study?
A．It was grundbreaking.B．It was ne-sided.
C．It was demanding.D．It was authritative.
4.（2025届湖北省襄阳市第五中学高三下学期适应性考试（五））
A psychlgical cncept called “false cnsensus effect” helps explain why kind peple smetimes harm the envirnment. In psychlgy, the false cnsensus effect is a cgnitive bias (偏见) where a persn tends t verestimate hw much ther peple agree with him r her. There is a tendency fr peple t assume that their wn imprper habits r acts are “nrmal”. And mst imprtantly, they believe thers think the same way that they d. Put simply, if yu’re ding smething (even if yu secretly knw yu prbably shuldn’t), yu’re mre likely t think plenty f ther peple d it t.
This bias allws peple t justify scially unacceptable r illegal behavirs. Researchers have bserved the false cnsensus effect in drug use and illegal hunting. Mre recently, cnservatinists are beginning t reveal hw this effect cntributes t envirnmental damage. In Australia, peple wh admitted paching, a way f fishing in n-take znes, thught it was much mre cmmn in sciety than it really was. They als believed thers viewed it as scially acceptable. Hwever, in reality, mre than 90% f fishers held the ppsite view.
Just as cncepts frm psychlgy can help explain sme frms f envirnmental damage, s can they help address it. Fr example, research shws peple are mre likely t litter in areas where there’s already a lt f trash scattered arund, s making sure the grund arund a bin is clean may help.
Factual infrmatin n hw ther peple think and behave can be very pwerful. Electricity cmpanies have substantially reduced husehld energy use simply by shwing peple hw their electricity use cmpares t that f their neighbrs. Encuragingly, stimulating peple’s natural desire fr status has als been successful in getting peple t publicly buy ec-friendly prducts.
1．Which example best illustrates “false cnsensus effect”?
A．A driver thinks illegal parking is cmmn.
B．A blgger assumes many peple dislike his psts.
C．A student figures mst peple spend lng hurs nline.
D．A smker believes peple generally apprve f smking.
2．What was mst Australian fishers’ attitude t paching?
A．Unacceptable.B．Widespread.C．Cntrversial.D．Cmplex.
3．Hw have electricity cmpanies reduced energy cnsumptin?
A．By cmparing pwer cnsumptin. C． By ffering financial rewards.
B．By ding rund-the-clck mnitring. D．By prmting renewable energy.
4．What is the primary purpse f this article?
A．T encurage peple t reduce energy cnsumptin.
B．T link a psychlgical cncept t envirnmental issues.
C．T emphasize the imprtance f envirnmental prtectin.
D．T describe different types f envirnmentally harmful behavirs.
研究报告说明文创新练
1.（2025·广西名校高三联合调研测）
The grwing presence f space debris (碎片) in lw Earth rbit (LEO)pses a significant threat t satellites and ther rbiting assets. Cnsequently, the cncern abut destructive cllisins (碰撞) and the ptential fr debris reentry t Earth’s atmsphere has intensified. Researchers are turning t artificial intelligence (AI) techniques t address these challenges t enhance debris remval, cllisin predictin, and rbit management strategies.
One apprach described in a paper presented at the 2nd near-Earth bject (NEO) and Debris Detectin Cnference earlier this year, invlves using a “genetic” algrithm (算法) t mnitr the mtin f space debris. Researchers aim t imprve the capture and remval prcesses by fcusing n slwer-mving bjects. Additinally, neural netwrks are being develped t predict and reduce cllisins in LEO. These netwrks are trained n histrical data t identify space debris Mtin patterns and predict future paths, enabling effective cllisin-avidance mvements fr active space missins and rbiting satellites.
Histrical statistics and predictive mdeling have shwn that the risk f such cllisins is significantly higher in LEO cmpared t medium Earth rbit (MEO). Hwever, it is crucial t acknwledge the limitatins f AI-based appraches, as they assume that future cnditins are similar t present nes, ptentially ignring critical variables such as atmspheric density.
T address these limitatins, cnstantly adding real-time infrmatin and updating is essential fr imprving the adaptability f AI mdels. By incrprating new debris detectins and rbital changes, algrithms can better adapt t the ever-changing spatial envirnment. Balancing the use f AI with a cmprehensive understanding f the uncertainties and challenges in space debris management will be vital fr ensuring the lng-term sustainability f LEO.
Overall, integrating AI int space debris mnitring, remval, and cllisin avidance strategies hlds prmise fr safeguarding satellite peratins and maintaining the charming beauty f phts frm LEO. Hwever, it is essential t remain cautius f these technlgies’ limitatins and unknwns and cntinually imprve and update them with real-wrld data t enhance their effectiveness.
1．What is ne f the cncerns regarding space debris in LEO?
A．The cst f debris remval.B．The effect n space explratin.
C．The risk f disastrus cllisins.D．The damage t the space envirnment.
2．Hw can neural netwrks help with space debris management?
A．By creating predictive mdels.B．By emplying genetic algrithms.
C．By mnitring fast-mving bjects.D．By speeding up the capture prcess.
3．What is crucial fr dealing with the limitatins f AI-based appraches?
A．Regularly testing its adaptability.
B．Cntinuusly integrating live data.
C．Studying past and present space cnditins.
D．Reducing uncertainties in debris management.
4．What is the authr’s general attitude tward Al-based appraches?
A．Resistant.B．Skeptical.C．Dismissive.D．Favrable.
2.（2025·四川省南充市高级中学月考）
Fd is key t ur daily functins by fueling ur activity and supprting ur bdies and minds. In space, where astrnauts face extreme envirnmental and physical changes, the need fr safe, nutritius and energy- laden fd is particularly vital t verall health.
Space fd must prvide enugh energy t fuel astrnauts n their demanding missins, accrding t NASA．In micrgravity (lw gravity state that makes astrnauts appear t be weightless) envirnments, prper nutritin can fight against the resulting degradatin f bnes and muscles. Fr example, vitamins D, K and C aid in synthesizing (合成) calcium int bne. Meanwhile, dietary supplements like irn, mega-3 fatty acids and B12 can make up fr dietary insufficiency.
After decades f nutritinal studies and fd technlgy advancements, NASA has mved fcus away frm supplements and dietary frmulas (配方) tward prviding as many nutrients frm fruits and vegetables as pssible. Hwever, it can be difficult t rely heavily n fruits and vegetables as a space fd surce because they dn’t cntain many calries. This pses an issue fr spaceflight, where carg (货物) rm is precius.
NASA can’t merely cnsider health when designing space fd, thugh. The nutritinal value f a meal nly ges s far if it desn’t appeal t astrnauts. Rather, Grace Duglas, the lead scientist fr NASA’s Advanced Fd Technlgy research grup, and her clleagues aim t ffer astrnauts several meal. ptins t avid menu fatigue (疲劳). Such variety als prvides psychlgical health benefits.“ Fd becmes mre imprtant with missin duratin because it’s ne f the nly familiar things that they have, ” Duglas says.
As space rganizatins lk ahead t. lng- duratin missins, it will be key t craft a sustainable fd surce that desn’t require resupply missins. T achieve this, NASA scientists are studying the best ways t grw crps in micrgravity. On the Internatinal Space Statin, astrnauts have successfully grw n a variety f leafy greens and flwers in the Vegetable Prductin System, knwn as Veggie. Eating a fresh leafy green culd help astrnauts feel cnnected with the distant green planet they call hme.
1．What is the secnd paragraph mainly abut?
A．The imprtance f space fd design.B．The challenges fr astrnauts in space.
C．The general requirements fr space fd.D．The impact f micrgravity n astrnauts.
2．Hw d Duglas’s team enhance astrnauts’ dining experience?
A．They make fd lk appealing.B．They rearrange the menu schedule.
C．They prvide multiple fd chices.D．They cnduct taste tests n astrnauts.
3．What can astrnauts expect frm Veggie?
A．A supplement t the xygen supply.
B．Supply f psychlgical cmfrt
C．Enhancement f the nutritinal quality.
D．An imprvement in cmmunicatin with Earth.
4．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Hw d astrnauts eat in space?
B．What makes space fd s special?
C．What space fd will we have in the future?
D．Hw d scientists build the best diet fr astrnauts?
1.【2024全国甲卷】Animals can express their needs using a lt f ways. Fr instance, almst all animals have distinct vcals (声音) that they rely n t either ask fr help, scare away any dangerus animals r lk fr shelter. But cats are special creatures wh pssess amazing vcalizatin skills. They are able t have entire cnversatins with humans using mews and yu're able t interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep mewing t attract attentin and find fd. Hwever, when a cat is lking fr affectin, they tend t prduce stretched and sft mews. Mewing starts as sn as a baby cat is brught t life and uses it t get the mther's attentin and be fed.
Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense f smell is quite impressive. They use their nses t assess their envirnment and lk ut fr any signs f danger. They will sniff ut specific areas befre they chse a place t relax. Hwever, anther way the cats are able t distinguish between situatins is by lking fr familiar smells. Yur cat will likely smell yur face and stre the smell in its memry and use it t recgnize yu in the future. That's why mst pet cats are able t tell immediately if their wners were arund any ther cats, which they dn't usually like.
Dgs are knwn fr their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavir up a ntch. Many cats will find randm bjects utside and bring them t their wners. This is a very ld habit that's been present in all kinds f predatrs (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts fr their wners t shw they lve yu. These adrable little hunters are just ding smething that it's been in their nature since the beginning f time. S just g alng with it!
4. What can be learned abut cats' mewing frm the first paragraph?
A. It's a survival skill.B. It's taught by mther cats.
C. It's hard t interpret.D. It's getting luder with age.
5. Hw des a pet cat assess different situatins?
A. By listening fr sunds.B. By tuching familiar bjects.
C. By checking n smells.D. By cmmunicating with ther cats.
6. Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up ntch" in paragraph 3?
A. Perfrm apprpriately.B. Mve faster.C. Act strangely.D. D better.
7. What is a suitable title fr the text?
A. Tips n Finding a Smart CatB. Understanding Yur Cat's Behavir
C. Have Fun with Yur CatD. Hw t Keep Yur Cat Healthy
2.【2023年北京卷】In recent years, researchers frm diverse fields have agreed that shrt-termism is nw a significant prblem in industrialised scieties. The inability t engage with lnger-term causes and cnsequences leads t sme f the wrld’s mst serius prblems: climate change, bidiversity cllapse, and mre. The histrian Francis Cle argues that the West has entered a perid where “nly the present exists, a present characterised at nce by the cruelty f the instant and by the bredm f an unending nw”.
It has been prved that peple have a bias (偏向) twards the present, fcusing n lud attractins in the mment at the expense f the health, well-being and financial stability f their future selves r cmmunity. In business, this bias surfaces as shrt-sighted decisins. And n slw-burning prblems like climate change, it translates int the unwillingness t make small sacrifices (牺牲) tday that culd make a majr difference tmrrw. Instead, all that matters is next quarter’s prfit, r satisfying sme ther near-term desires.
These biased perspectives cannt be blamed n ne single cause. It is fair t say, thugh, that ur psychlgical biases play a majr rle. Peple’s hesitancy t delay satisfactin is the mst bvius example, but there are thers.One f them is abut hw the mst accessible infrmatin in the present affects decisins abut the future. Fr instance, yu might hear smene say: “It’s cld this winter, s I needn’t wrry abut glbal warming.”Anther is that lud and urgent matters are given t much imprtance, making peple ignre lnger-term trends that arguably matter mre. This is when a pp star draws far mre attentin than, say, gradual bidiversity decline.
As a psychlgist nce jked, if aliens (外星人) wanted t weaken humanity, they wuldn’t send ships; they wuld invent climate change. Indeed, when it cmes t envirnmental transfrmatins, we can develp a frm f cllective “pr memry”, and each new generatin can believe the state f affairs they encunter is nthing ut f the rdinary. Older peple tday, fr example, can remember a time with insect-cvered car windscreens after lng drives. Children, n the ther hand, have n idea that insect ppulatin has drpped dramatically.
28. The authr qutes Francis Cle mainly t ________.
A. draw a cmparisn
B. intrduce a tpic
C. evaluate a statement
D. highlight a prblem
29. What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A. Climate change has been frgtten.
B. Lessns f histry are highly valued.
C. The human mind is bad at nting slw change.
D. Humans are unwilling t admit their shrtcmings.
30. What des the authr intend t tell us?
A. Far-sighted thinking matters t humans.
B. Humans tend t make lng-term sacrifices.
C. Current plicies facilitate future decisin-making.
D. Bias twards the present helps reduce near-term desires.
3.【2022年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷】Like mst f us, I try t be mindful f fd that ges t waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was t make a nice green salad, runding ut a rast chicken dinner. But I ended up wrking late. Then friends called with a dinner invitatin. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even wrse, I had unthinkingly bught way t much; I culd have made six salads with what I threw ut.
In a wrld where nearly 800 millin peple a year g hungry, “fd waste ges against the mral grain,” as Elizabeth Ryte writes in this mnth’s cver stry. It’s jaw-drpping hw much perfectly gd fd is thrwn away — frm “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grcers t large amunts f uneaten dishes thrwn int restaurant garbage cans.
Prducing fd that n ne eats wastes the water, fuel, and ther resurces used t grw it. That makes fd waste an envirnmental prblem. In fact, Ryte writes, “if fd waste were a cuntry, it wuld be the third largest prducer f greenhuse gases in the wrld.”
If that’s hard t understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back f my refrigeratr. Mike Curtin sees my arugula stry all the time — but fr him, it's mre like 12 bnes f dnated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO f DC Central Kitchen in Washingtn, D.C., which recvers fd and turns it int healthy meals. Last year it recvered mre than 807,500 punds f fd by taking dnatins and cllecting blemished (有瑕疵的) prduce that therwise wuld have rtted in fields. And the strawberries? Vlunteers will wash, cut, and freeze r dry them fr use in meals dwn the rad.
Such methds seem bvius， yet s ften we just dn’t think. “Everyne can play a part in reducing waste, whether by nt purchasing mre fd than necessary in yur weekly shpping r by asking restaurants t nt include the side dish yu wn’t eat,” Curtin says.
4. What des the authr want t shw by telling the arugula stry?
A. We pay little attentin t fd waste.B. We waste fd unintentinally at times.
C. We waste mre vegetables than meat.D. We have gd reasns fr wasting fd.
5. What is a cnsequence f fd waste accrding t the test?
A. Mral decline.B. Envirnmental harm.
C. Energy shrtage.D. Wrldwide starvatin.
6. What des Curtin’s cmpany d?
A. It prduces kitchen equipment.B. It turns rtten arugula int clean fuel.
C. It helps lcal farmers grw fruits.D. It makes meals ut f unwanted fd.
7. What des Curtin suggest peple d?
A. Buy nly what is needed.B. Reduce fd cnsumptin.
C. G shpping nce a week.D. Eat in restaurants less ften.
4.【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Over the last seven years, mst states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range f methds t persuade peple t put dwn their phnes when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the prblem, by just abut any measure, appears t be getting wrse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using scial netwrks and taking phts. Rad accidents, which had fallen fr years, are nw rising sharply.
That is partly because peple are driving mre, but Mark Rsekind, the chief f the Natinal Highway Traffic Safety Administratin, said distracted（分心）driving was "nly increasing, unfrtunately. "
"Big change requires big ideas. " he said in a speech last mnth, referring bradly t the need t imprve rad safety. S t try t change a distinctly mdern behavir, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back t an ld apprach: They want t treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea frm lawmakers in New Yrk is t give plice fficers a new device called the Textalyzer. It wuld wrk like this: An fficer arriving at the scene f a crash culd ask fr the phnes f the drivers and use the Textalyzer t check in the perating system fr recent activity. The technlgy culd determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed r dne anything else that is nt allwed under New Yrk's hands-free driving laws.
"We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir,” said Félix W. Ortiz, wh pushed fr the state's 2001 ban n hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne. "
8. Which f the fllwing best describes the ban n drivers' texting in the US?
A. Ineffective. B. Unnecessary.
C. Incnsistent. D. Unfair.
9. What can the Textalyzer help a plice fficer find ut?
A. Where a driver came frm. B. Whether a driver used their phne.
C. Hw fast a driver was ging. D. When a driver arrived at the scene.
10. What des the underlined wrd "smething" in the last paragraph refer t?
A. Advice. B. Data. C. Tests. D. Laws.
11. What is a suitable title fr the text?
A. T Drive r Nt t Drive? Think Befre Yu Start
B. Texting and Driving? Watch Out fr the Textalyzer
C. New Yrk Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers.
D. The Next Generatin Cell Phne: The Textalyzer-
5.【2022年北京卷】“What wuld the wrld be if there were n hunger?” It’s a questin that Prfessr Crystal wuld ask her students. They fund it hard t answer, she wrte later, because imagining smething that isn’t part f real life—and learning hw t make it real—is a rare skill. It is taught t artists and engineers, but much less ften t scientists. Crystal set ut t change that, and helped t create a glbal mvement. The result—an apprach knwn as systems thinking—is nw seen as essential in meeting glbal challenges.
Systems thinking is crucial t achieving targets such as zer hunger and better nutritin because it requires cnsidering the way in which fd is prduced, prcessed, delivered and cnsumed, and lking at hw thse things intersect (交叉 ) with human health, the envirnment, ecnmics and sciety. Accrding t systems thinking, changing the fd system—r any ther netwrk—requires three things t happen. First, researchers need t identify all the players in that system; secnd, they must wrk ut hw they relate t each ther; and third, they need t understand and quantify the impact f thse relatinships n each ther and n thse utside the system.
Take nutritin. In the latest UN reprt n glbal fd security, the number f undernurished (营养不良 )peple in the wrld has been rising, despite great advances in nutritin science. Tracking f 150 bichemicals in fd has been imprtant in revealing the relatinships between calries, sugar, fat and the ccurrence f cmmn diseases. But using machine learning and artificial intelligence, sme scientists prpse that human diets cnsist f at least 26,000 bichemicals—and that the vast majrity are nt knwn.This shws that we have sme way t travel befre achieving the first bjective f systems t hinking - which,in this example, is t identify mre cnstituent parts f the nutritin system.
A systems apprach t creating change is als built n the assumptin that everyne in the system has equal pwer. But as sme researchers find, the fd system is nt an equal ne. A gd way t redress (修正 ) such pwer imbalance is fr mre universities t d what Crystal did and teach students hw t think using a systems apprach.
Mre researchers, plicymakers and representatives frm the fd industry must learn t lk beynd their direct lines f respnsibility and adpt a systems apprach. Crystal knew that visins alne dn’t prduce results, but cncluded that “we’ll never prduce results that we can’t envisin”.
28. The authr uses the questin underlined in Paragraph 1 t ________.
A. illustrate an argumentB. highlight an pinin
C. intrduce the tpicD. predict the ending
29. What can be inferred abut the field f nutritin?
A. The first bjective f systems thinking hasn’t been achieved.
B. The relatinships amng players have been clarified.
C. Machine learning can slve the nutritin prblem.
D. The impact f nutritin cannt be quantified.
30. As fr systems thinking, which wuld the authr agree with?
A. It may be used t justify pwer imbalance.
B. It can be applied t tackle challenges.
C. It helps t prve why hunger exists.
D. It ges beynd human imaginatin.
6.【2022年浙江卷6月】Many peple believe that wrking t the maximum is the secret t success, but research has fund that mderatin(适度) als gets results n the jb.
In a study led by Ellen Langer f Harvard University, researchers asked peple t translate sentences int a new a made-up language. Subjects wh practiced the language mderately befrehand made fewer errrs than thse wh practiced extensively r nt at all. High levels f knwledge can make peple t attached t traditinal ways f viewing prblems acrss fields the arts, sciences, and plitics. High cnscientiusness is related t lwer jb perfrmance, especially in simple jbs where it desn’t pay t be a perfectinist.
Hw lng we stay n the clck and hw we spend that time are under careful examinatin in many wrkplaces. The yung banker wh eats lunch at his desk is prbably seen as a g-getter, while his clleagues wh chat ver a relaxed cnference-rm meal get dirty lks frm the crner ffice. “Peple frm cultures that value relatinships mre than urs des are shcked by the thught f eating alne in frnt f a cmputer”, says Art Markman, a prfessr f psychlgy at the University f Texas, Austin. Scial interactin has been shwn t lift md(情绪) and get peple thinking in new directins and in ways that culd help imprve any pst-lunch effrt.
Markman als prmtes ff-task time. “Part f being a gd thinker is experiencing things that are seemingly unrelated t what yu are wrking n at the mment but give yu fresh ideas abut yur wrk,” he says. “Als, there is a lt f research shwing that a psitive md leads t higher levels f prductivity and creativity. S, when peple d things t increase their life satisfactin, they als make themselves mre effective at wrk.”
7. What des Ellen Langer’s study shw?
A. It is wrthwhile t be a perfectinistB. Translatin makes peple knwledgeable.
C. Simpler jbs require greater cautin.D. Mderate effrt prduces the best result.
8. The underlined wrd “g-getter” in paragraph 3 refers t smene Wh_______.
A. is gd at handling pressureB. wrks hard t becme successful
C. a has a natural talent fr his jb.D. gets n well with his c-wrkers
9. What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A. A gd thinker is able t inspire ther peple.
B. Experience unrelated t yur jb is useless.
C. A cheerful md helps make a creative mind.
D. Fcusing n what yu d raises prductivity.
10. What des the text seem t advcate?
A. Middle-f-the-rad wrk habits.B. Balance between wrk and family.
C. Lng-standing cultural traditins.D. Harmny in the wrk envirnment.
7.【2022年天津卷第二次】Is it true that ur brain alne is respnsible f human cgnitin(认知)? What abut ur bdy? Is it pssible fr thught and behavir t riginate frm smewhere ther than ur brain? Psychlgists wh study Embdied Cgnitin(EC) ask similar questins. The EC thery suggests ur bdy is als respnsible fr thinking r prblem-slving. Mre precisely, the mind shapes the bdy and the bdy shapes the mind in equal measure.
If yu think abut it fr a mment, it makes ttal sense. When yu smell smething gd r hear amusing sunds, certain emtins are awakened. Think abut hw newbrns use their senses t understand the wrld arund them. They dn’t have emtins s much as needs—they dn’t feel sad, they’re just hungry and need fd. Even unbrn babies can feel their mthers’ heartbeats and this has a calming effect. In the real wrld，they cry when they’re cld and then get hugged. That way, they start t as-sciate being warm with being lved.
Understandably, therists have been arguing fr years and still disagree n whether the brain is the nerve centre that perates the rest f the bdy. Older Western philsphers and mainstream language researchers believe this is fact, while EC therises that the brain and bdy are wrking tgether as an rganic supercmputer, prcessing everything and frming yur reactins.
Further studies have backed up the mind-bdy interactin. In ne ex-periment, test subjects(实验对象) were asked t judge peple after being handed a ht r a cld drink. They all made warm evaluatins when their fingertips perceived warmth rather than clness. And it wrks the ther way t; in anther study, subjects’ fingertip temperatures were measured after being“included” in r “rejected” frm a grup task. Thse wh were included felt physically warmer.
Fr further prf, we can lk at the metaphrs(比喻说法) that we use withut even thinking. A kind and sympathetic persn is frequently referred t as ne with a sft heart and smene wh is very strng and calm in difficult situatins is ften described as slid as a rck. And this kind f metaphrical use is cmmn acrss languages.
Nw that yu have the knwledge f mind-bdy interactin, why nt use it? If yu’re having a bad day,a warm cup f tea will give yu a flash f pleasure. If yu knw yu’re physically cld, warm up befre making any interpersnal decisins.
46. Accrding t the authr, the significance f the EC thery lies in ________.
A. facilitating ur understanding f the rigin f psychlgy
B. revealing the majr rle f the mind in human cgnitin
C. ffering a clearer picture f the shape f human brain
D. bringing us clser t the truth in human cgnitin
47. Where des the new brns’ understanding f their surrundings start frm?
A. Their persnal lks.
B. Their mental needs.
C. Their inner emtins.
D. Their physical feelings.
48. The experiments mentined in Paragraph 4 further prve________.
A. envirnment impacts hw we judge thers
B. hw bdy temperature is related t health
C. the mind and the bdy influence each ther
D. hw humans interact with their surrundings
49. What des the authr intend t prve by citing the metaphrs in Paragraph 5?
A. Human speech is alive with metaphrs.
B. Human senses have effects n thinking.
C. Human language is shaped by visual images.
D. Human emtins are ften cmpared t natural materials.
50. What is the authr’s purpse in writing the last paragraph?
A. T share with the reader ways t release their emtins.
B. T guide the reader nt the path t career success.
C. T encurage the reader t put EC int practice.
D. T deepen the reader’s understanding f EC.
8.【2021年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷】 Ppularizatin has in sme cases changed the riginal meaning f emtinal (情感的) intellingence. Many peple nw misunderstand emtinal intelligence as almst everything desirable in a persn's makeup that cannt be measured by an IQ test, such as character, mtivatin, cnfidence, mental stability, ptimism and “peple skills.” Research has shwn that emtinal skills may cntribute t sme f these qualities, but mst f them mve far beynd skill-based emtinal intelligence.
We prefer t describe emtinal intelligence as a specific set f skills that can be used fr either gd r bad purpses. The ability t accurately understand hw thers are feeling may be used by a dctr t find hw best t help her patients, while a cheater might use it t cntrl ptential victims. Being emtinally intelligent des nt necessarily make ne a mral persn.
Althugh ppular beliefs regarding emtinal intelligence run far ahead f what research can reasnably supprt, the verall effects f the publicity have been mre beneficial than harmful. The mst psitive aspect f this ppularizatin is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) n emtin by emplyers, educatrs and thers interested in prmting scial well-being. The ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence has helped bth the public and researchers re-evaluate the functinality f emtins and hw they serve peple adaptively in everyday life.
Althugh the cntinuing ppular appeal f emtinal intelligence is desirable, we hpe that such attentin will excite a greater interest in the scientific and schlarly study f emtin. It is ur hpe that in cming decades, advances in science will ffer new perspectives (视角) frm which t study hw peple manage their lives. Emtinal intelligence, with its fcus n bth head and heart, may serve t pint us in the right directin.
32. What is a cmmn misunderstanding f emtinal intelligence?
A. It can be measured by an IQ test.B. It helps t exercise a persn’s mind.
C. It includes a set f emtinal skills.D. It refers t a persn’s psitive qualities.
33. Why des the authr mentin “dctr” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
A. T explain a rule.B. T clarify a cncept.
C. T present a fact.D. T make a predictin.
34. What is the authr’s attitude t the ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence?
A. Favrable.B. Intlerant.
C. Dubtful.D. Unclear.
35. What des the last paragraph mainly talk abut cncerning emtinal intelligence?
A. Its appeal t the public.B. Expectatins fr future studies.
C. Its practical applicatin.D. Scientists with new perspectives.
8.【2021年全国乙卷】During an interview fr ne f my bks, my interviewer said smething I still think abut ften. Annyed by the level f distractin（干扰）in his pen ffice, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the cwrking space acrss the street — s I can fcus”. His cmment struck me as strange. After all, cwrking spaces als typically use an pen ffice layut（布局）. But I recently came acrss a study that shws why his apprach wrks.
The researchers examined varius levels f nise n participants as they cmpleted tests f creative thinking. They were randmly divided int fur grups and expsed t varius nise levels in the backgrund, frm ttal silence t 50 decibels（分贝）, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between mst f the grups were statistically insignificant; hwever, the participants in the 70 decibels grup — thse expsed t a level f nise similar t backgrund chatter in a cffee shp — significantly utperfrmed the ther grups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that ur creative thinking des nt differ that much in respnse t ttal silence and 85 decibels f backgrund nise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study als suggests that the right level f backgrund nise — nt t lud and nt ttal silence — may actually imprve ne’s creative thinking ability. The right level f backgrund nise may interrupt ur nrmal patterns f thinking just enugh t allw ur imaginatins t wander, withut making it impssible t fcus. This kind f “distracted fcus” appears t be the best state fr wrking n creative tasks.
S why d s many f us hate ur pen ffices? The prblem may be that, in ur ffices, we can’t stp urselves frm getting drawn int thers’ cnversatins while we’re trying t fcus. Indeed, the researchers fund that face-t-face interactins and cnversatins affect the creative prcess, and yet a cwrking space r a cffee shp prvides a certain level f nise while als prviding freedm frm interruptins.
32. Why des the interviewer prefer a cwrking space?
A. It helps him cncentrate.B. It blcks ut backgrund nise.
C. It has a pleasant atmsphere.D. It encurages face-t-face interactins.
33. Which level f backgrund nise may prmte creative thinking ability?
A. Ttal silence.B. 50 decibelsC. 70 decibels.D. 8 5 decibels.
34. What makes an pen ffice unwelcme t many peple?
A. Persnal privacy unprtected.B. Limited wrking space.
C. Restrictins n grup discussin.D. Cnstant interruptins.
35. What can we infer abut the authr frm the text?
A. He’s a news reprter.
B. He’s an ffice manager.
C. He’s a prfessinal designer.
D. He’s a published writer.
10. 【2021年浙江卷1月】 At the start f the 20th century, an American engineer named Jhn Elfreth Watkins made predictins abut life tday. His predictins abut slwing ppulatin grwth, mbile phnes and increasing height were clse t the mark. But he was wrng in ne predictin: that everybdy wuld walk 10 miles a day.
Tday, in Australia, mst children n average fall 2, 000 steps shrt f the physical activity they need t avid being verweight. In the early 1970s, 40 per cent f children walked t schl, while in 2010, it was as lw as 15 per cent.
The decline is nt because we have all becme lazy. Families are pressed fr time, many with bth parents wrking t pay fr their huse, ften wrking hurs nt f their chsing, living in car-dependent neighbrhds with limited public transprt.
The ther side f the cin is equally a deprivatin: fr health and well-being, as well as lst pprtunities（机会）fr children t get t knw their lcal surrundings. And fr parents there are lst pprtunities t walk and talk with their yung schlar abut their day.
Mst parents will have eagerly asked their child abut their day, nly t meet with a “gd”, quickly fllwed by "I'm hungry". This is als my experience as a mther. But smewhere ver the daily walk mre abut my sn's day cmes ut. I hear him making sense f friendship and its limits. This is the unexpected and rare parental pprtunity t hear mre.
Many primary schls supprt walking schl-bus rutes（路线）, with days f regular, parent-accmpanied walks. Ding just ne f these a few times a week is better than nthing. It can be tugh t begin and takes a little planning-running shes by the frnt dr, lunches made the night befre, umbrellas n rainy days and hats n ht nes-but it's certainly wrth trying.
4．Why des the authr mentin Watkins' predictins in the first paragraph?
A．T make cmparisns.B．T intrduce the tpic.
C．T supprt her argument.D．T prvide examples.
5．What has caused the decrease in Australian children's physical activity?
A．Plain laziness.B．Health prblems.
C．Lack f time.D．Security cncerns.
6．Why des the authr find walking with her sn wrthwhile?
A．She can get relaxed after wrk.B．She can keep physically fit.
C．She can help with her sn's study.D．She can knw her sn better.