高考英语二轮-阅读理解说明文攻略 （专项训练）（北京专用）（学生版）

这是一份高考英语二轮-阅读理解说明文攻略 （专项训练）（北京专用）（学生版），共61页。
TOC \ "1-2" \h \u \l "_Tc17943" 01 课标达标练
\l "_Tc22251" 考向01 考查细节理解题
考向02 考查推理判断题
\l "_Tc30632" 考向03考查主旨大意题
\l "_Tc10254" 考向04 考查词义猜测题
\l "_Tc20184" 02 核心突破练
\l "_Tc5699" 03 真题溯源练
考向01 考查细节理解题
Passage 1
（2025年·平谷·一模）
A Space-based Farmhand fr Hire
EOS Data Analytics is a Califrnia-based prvider f satellite imagery and data fr precisin farming. The cmpany uses wavelengths f light, which passes thrugh plant crwns and can be used t measure a range f variables, including misture level and element cntent.
EOS’s mdels and algrithms (算法) deliver insights n crps’ health weekly thrugh an nline platfrm that farmers can use t make infrmed decisins abut issues such as when t plant, hw much agricultural chemicals t use, and hw t schedule fertilizer use, weeding, r watering.
Last year the cmpany launched EOS SAT-1, a satellite designed and perated nly fr agriculture. Fees t use the crp-mnitring platfrm nw start at $1.90 per hectare per year fr small areas and drp as the farm gets larger.
In many develping cuntries, farming is blcked by lack f data. Fr centuries, farmers relied n native intelligence rted in experience and hpe, says Daramla Jhn, a prfessr f agriculture and agricultural technlgy at Bells University f Technlgy in suthwest Nigeria. “Africa is way behind in the race fr mdernizing farming,” he says. “And a lt f farmers suffer huge lsses because f it.”
In the spring f 2024, when the new planting seasn was t start, a cmpany, Carmi Agr Fds, had used GPS enabled sftware t map the bundaries f its farm. Its setup n the EOS crp mnitring platfrm was als cmpleted. The cmpany used the platfrm t determine the apprpriate spacing fr the shts and seeds. The risks f manual mnitring had disappeared. Field-mnitring fficers needed nly t peer at their phnes t knw where r when specific spts needed attentin n varius farms. They were able t pursue weed breakuts quickly and efficiently.
This technlgy is gaining attractin amng farmers in ther parts f Nigeria and the rest f Africa. Mre than 242, 000 peple in Africa, Sutheast Asia, Latin America, the United States, and Eurpe use the EOS crp-mnitring platfrm. In 2024 alne, 53, 000 mre farmers subscribed t the service.
One f them is Adewale Adegke, the CEO f Agr Xchange Technlgy Services, a cmpany dedicated t bsting crp prductin using technlgy and gd agricultural practices. Adegke used the platfrm n half a millin hectares (arund 1.25 millin acres) wned by 63, 000 farmers. He says the yield f maize farmers using the platfrm, fr instance, grew t tw tns per acre, at least twice the natinal average.
Adegke adds that lcal farmers, wh have been struggling with fluctuating cnditins as a result f climate change, have been especially drawn t the platfrm’s early warning system fr weather.
“S far, the result has been cnvincing,” says Adegke. “We are n lnger subjecting the perfrmance f ur farms t chance. This time, we are in charge.”
32. What is the main purpse f the cmpany’s technlgy as described in the passage?
A. T develp new agricultural chemicals fr enhanced crp grwth.
B. T prvide histrical data n crp prductin fr research purpses.
C. T enable farmers t make data-driven decisins in their farming practices.
D. T ffer a platfrm fr farmers t share their experiences and knwledge easily.
33. Hw did the EOS crp mnitring platfrm help field-mnitring fficers at Carmi Agr Fds?
A. By prviding them with physical maps f the farm.
B. By training them t use new agricultural techniques.
C. By allwing them t track weed breakuts efficiently.
D. By supplying them with weather updates fr planning.
34 What is the main theme f the passage?
A. The histry and develpment f satellite technlgy in agriculture.
B. The glbal distractin f EOS Data Analytics’ services n farming practices.
C. The challenges faced by farmers in develping cuntries due t lack f data.
D. The benefits and applicatin f EOS Data Analytics’ crp-mnitring platfrm.
Passage 2
（24-25高三上·北京昌平·期末）Charles Darwin fund inspiratin fr his thery f evlutin in birds’ beaks, turtles’ shells and language. “The survival r preservatin f certain favred wrds in the struggle fr existence is natural selectin,” he wrte in The Descent f Man.
Language gradually shifts ver time. Much research examines hw scial and envirnmental factrs influence language change but very little explres the frces f human cgnitive (认知的) selectin that fix certain wrds int the dictinary. Fr an extensive new study, published in a jurnal, scientists investigated just that.
In an experiment much like a game f telephne, thusands f participants read English-language stries and rewrte them t be read by ther participants wh then rewrte them fr thers. Only certain wrds frm the first stries survived in the final versins. Researchers analyzed the wrd types speakers cnsistently favred, therizing that such preferences drive language change ver time. The scientists als separately analyzed tw large cllectins f English histrical texts frm the past tw centuries, cntaining mre than 40 billin wrds — again seeing nly certain types survive.
The results shwed three features that give wrds an“evlutinary (进化的)advantage” by helping them stick in the brain. First, wrds typically acquired at an early age, such as “hand,” “uncle” r “tday”, are stabler. Next, cncrete wrds exist better than abstract nes: “dg” stays lnger than “animal”, which persists lnger than “rganism”. Lastly, emtinally exciting wrds — whether negative r psitive — tend t be permanent.
Early language-evlutin mdels assumed that language becmes increasingly cmplex ver time. But a cgnitive scientist Fritz Breithaupt says the new study supprts a mre recent thery that language ultimately gets mre efficient and easier t understand. Still, as the study ntes, “the English language is nt baby talk.” Breithaupt explains, “Yes, we shift tward simple language, but then we als grab cmplex language that we need.” New wrds that address the cmplexity f mdern life may smewhat balance ut this shift.
The prpsed trend tward “simpler” language is debatable. A linguist Jhn McWhrter questins implicatins regarding the verall efficiency f English — a language he says cntains things like “unnecessarily cmplex” grammatical traces. Study lead authr Ying Li ntes that English had even mre cmplicated grammar in the past. “Jhn McWhrter wuld cmplain mre if he traveled back800 years ag,” Li suppses.
1．What is Paragraph 3 mainly discussed abut the research?
A．Cnclusin and significance.B．Backgrund and purpse.
C．Methd and limitatins.D．Prcess and findings.
2．Accrding t Breithaupt, the English language tends t be ______.
A．mre cncrete with difficultyB．mre practical with efficiency
C．mre cmplicated with abstractinD．mre understandable with vividness
3．What wuld be the best title fr this passage?
A．Wh prmtes the study f language evlutin?B．Hw des language gradually shift ver time?
C．What makes a wrd survive r g extinct?D．Why are certain wrds favred by peple?
考向02 考查推理判断题
Passage 1
（2025年·顺义·一模）Imagine yu’re driving dwn the highway and ntice that yu are running lw n fuel. Yur GPS shws 10 gas statins ahead n yur rute. Naturally, yu want the cheapest ptin. D yu cntinue explring and risk regret fr rejecting the bird in hand? Yu wn’t duble back, s yu face a nw-r-never chice. What strategy maximizes yur chances f picking the cheapest statin? Researchers have studied this “best-chice prblem”, which suggests that humans tend t fall shrt f the ptimal (最优的) strategy.
Amazingly, the ptimal strategy results in the number-ne pick being selected almst 37 percent f the time, and its success rate desn’t depend n the number f candidates. Even with a billin ptins and a refusal t settle fr secnd best, yu culd find yur needle in a haystack (干草垛) mre than a third f the time. The winning strategy is simple: Reject the first arund 37 percent f the chices n matter what. Then pick the first ptin that is better than all the thers yu've encuntered s far. (If yu never find such an ptin, take the final ne.)
Adding t the fun, mathematicians’ favrite little cnstant, e= , rears its head in the slutin. Als knwn as Euler’s number, e hlds fame fr crpping up all acrss the mathematical landscape in seemingly unrelated settings — including in the best-chice prblem. In fact, thse references t 37 percent in the ptimal strategy and crrespnding prbability f success are actually 1/e, r abut magic number cmes frm the tensin between wanting t see enugh samples t feel infrmatin f ptins and nt wanting t wait t lng in case the best pass yu by. The prf argues that 1/e balances these frces.
The prblem generates thusands f hits n the internet as mathematicians cntinue t study its many variants: What if yu’re allwed t pick mre than ne ptin, and yu win if any f yur chices are the best? What if an ppnent chse the rdering f the ptins t trick yu? What if yu dn’t require the abslute best chice and wuld feel satisfied with secnd r third? Researchers study such when-t-stp scenaris (设想) in a branch f math called ptimal stpping thery.
Research finds that peple tend t stp their search t early. S applying the 37 percent rule culd imprve yur decisin-making, but be sure t duble-check that yur situatin meets all the cnditins: a knwn number f rankable ptins is being presented ne at a time in any rder, yu want the best, and yu can’t duble back.
32. Why des the authr mentin the cnstant e in Paragraph 3?
A. Justify a cmparisn.B. Evaluate a statement.
C Prvide a theretical basis.D. Prpse a new slutin.
33. Which situatin mst agrees with the strategy mentined in the passage?
A. Evaluate every candidate.B. Skip sme lunch specials.
C. Buy the latest reference bk.D. Jin the shrtest checkut line.
34. What wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Why Peple Often Fail in Making the Best Decisins.
B. The Best Decisin Depends n Yur Math Ability.
C. Hw t Cnnect Optimal Strategy with the Magic e.
D. Elegant Math Prblem Finds the Best Chices.
Passage 2
（24-25高三上·北京顺义·期末）One day in the fall f 2023, a yung Atlantic yellw-nsed albatrss was lying listless in sutheastern Brazil’s Sants Basin. Beach mnitrs fund the yung bird in the sand, weak and dying. The cause f the albatrss’s disaster was evident: it was caught in a weather balln, which, sadly, is just ne instance f a bigger envirnmental headache.
Glbally, hundreds f thusands f weather ballns are launched int the sky every year, and the majrity are never recvered. Instead, their waste—a mix f latex, cttn and plastics — remains in marine (海洋的) ecsystems fr years. And because nly a small percentage f dead animals wash ashre, the impact is likely wrse than the numbers suggest. The rt f this munting truble lies in the very nature f hw weather ballns perate. Weather ballns are used t get high-altitude (高空) data like air temperature and pressure. Once a balln has travelled up abut 21 miles and its vlume has grwn 100-fld, it expldes, shting pieces in all directins.
Australian researchers at the Tangara Blue Fundatin first flagged the prblem f weather-balln garbage a decade ag. Over 21 mnths, they cllected 2,460 pieces f weather-balln litter arund the Great Barrier Reef. The researchers estimated that up t 70 percent f Australia’ s weather ballns end up in the cean. One study ntes that while sme f the materials used in weather ballns are cnsidered bidegradable, much f it is nt breaking dwn quickly.
Sme cmpanies have prduced special materials nw made frm plant-based fiber designed t weaken much faster than previus cttn versins. But the new mdels are 20 t 30 percent mre expensive. Despite the higher cst, weather bureaus (局) have started t reduce the impact by trying ut mre sustainable ballns and switching frm white t blue ballns, which marine animals may be less likely t mistake fr fd. Sme agencies als annunced they wuld be testing drnes (无人机) t cllect weather data, which are recverable.
Weather agencies aren’t trialing these new devices nly because they’ re mre sustainable; they als want better data. Fr nw, thugh, ballns still fly much higher than drnes, s they remain an imprtant data-cllecting tl. Lwer-impact versins wuld at least be a small imprvement fr the cean’s animals.
1．What is Paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A．The functins f weather ballns.
B．The prblems f using weather ballns.
C．The cmpsitin f weather balln waste.
D．The difficulty f weather balln recycling.
2．What can we learn abut weather ballns?
A．Weather balln waste can hardly break dwn.
B．New versins f weather ballns are being tried.
C．Weather ballns cause the death f mst sea animals.
D．Drnes are better in cllecting data than weather ballns.
3．What des the authr think f the changes mentined in the passage?
A．Valuable but risky.
B．Exciting and hpeful.
C．Necessary and reliable.
D．Prmising but incmplete.
Passage 3
（2025年·海淀·一模）
Imagine a nt-t-distant future, where we each inhabit ur wn AI-driven digital filter (过滤) bubble, crafted fr us alne and designed t serve crprate interests. This future resembles 1998’s mvie The Truman Shw, where the main character unknwingly lived his entire life within a reality TV shw designed by a prductin studi.
One subset f AI, large language mdels (LLM), wn’t turn ur lives int reality TV shws. Instead, persnalized AI agents threaten t cage each f us in an individualized and illusry (虚假的) unreality, prfiting frm ur digital activities and walling us ff frm genuine cnnectins. Many cmpanies are develping individualized LLM. The underlying principle is that AI will learn abut the individual user and adapt accrdingly. Fr example, if yu’re a super fan f a ftball team, yu’ll be fed updates, ads, and vides tailred t yur interests 24 hurs a day. Sme algrithms may even learn yur schedule, pushing infrmatin at yu during precisely thse times when yu’re mst likely t be lking.
This may sund harmless. But the next step is t use LLM t create memes, r even fake articles,feeding yu cnspiracy theries abut rival teams. This is a miserable reality fr at least tw reasns.Fr ne, there are neither cmputatinal methds r ethical incentives (激励) in place t ensure that the infrmatin yu receive is true. But just as frightening as the lack f regard fr the truth is an even scarier element. Yu will n lnger live with an accurate understanding f ftball team that is fully cmpatible with anyne else’s. Yu will run n infrmatin generated nly fr yurself. This visin is unsettling, even in sprts and entertainment. But what f institutins that have mre direct scial cnsequences?Educatin? Plitics?
With the fall f the press and plarizatin f everything,cnversatins arund hliday table have already becme impssible fr many extended families. Bad as the status qu might be, stranger times lie ahead that make us lng fr tday’s ech chambers (信息茧房). Sn, ur bubbles will shrink further and further,until ur digital wrlds invlve nly urselves. In an Al-mediated future,everyne will live in a private Truman Shw. As a sciety, we will be cmpletely incapable f making fruitful cllective decisins because we will have n shared understanding f the wrld.
What’s the way ut? Find yur entertainment in spaces with actual peple, exchanging thughts and creatins with each ther. Even nline, we must keep ur understanding f the wrld grunded in human-authred dcuments and artifacts. Valuing what humans create is nt merely a matter f authenticity; it als ensures we fcus n arguments that an authr cared enugh t make, n cnservatins that speakers cared enugh t have.
Otherwise,The Truman Shw’s premise becmes ur reality, unknwingly inhabiting a fake wrld where ur every experience is designed fr prfit. Even mre existentially alienating? Living in a Truman Shw where the directr, prducer and the nly ne watching is an AI.
27. The authr mentins The Truman Shw in Paragraph 1 t .
A. make a cmparisnB. illustrate a situatin
C. supprt an argumentD. prpse a suggestin
28. Accrding t the passage, persnalized AI agents may .
A. islate individuals in false realities
B. cnfirm the credibility f the cntent
C. discurage the cmpanies’ ethical incentives
D. imprve user behavir by feeding targeted ads
29. What can be inferred frm the passage?
A. Algrithms have raised cncerns ver privacy.
B. LLMs are in great need f cmputatinal upgrade.
C. Ech chambers weaken cllective decisin-making.
D. Technlgy develpment results in plarized sciety.
30. Which wuld be the best title fr this passage?
A. AI and the Future f Human Interactin
B. AI Will Turn Our Lives int The Truman Shw
C. The Truman Shw Predicts AI’s Impact n Media
D. Algrithmic Bubbles and the Value f Human Creatins
Passage 4
（2025年·东城·一模） Anyne with insmnia knws the impatience and frustratin that accmpanies sleeplessness. Yu lng fr a buttn that culd instantly dampen all that mental activity.The idea f a mental switch is nt far-fetched. Mst neurscientists nw agree that ur wakefulness is crdinated by a tiny bundle f neurns (一小束神经元) knwn as the “lcus ceruleus” (LC), Latin fr “blue dt”.
It is a literal descriptin: the neurns in the lcus ceruleus have the blue clur frm the prductin f a particular neurtransmitter, called nrepinephrine. Nrepinephrine raises the chance that a neurn will “fire” with an electric current. When they becme active, cells in the lcus ceruleus pass bundles f this neurtransmitter alng their prjectins t ther regins f the brain-enhancing the cmmunicatin between the neurns in that area.
There are slight differences in the prcess. Depending n the types f receptrs they have, sme neurns are mre sensitive t smaller amunts f nrepinephrine, while thers nly respnd t higher threshlds. This means that, as the lcus ceruleus activity rises, it will start t affect sme brain areas mre than thers, which can have dramatic effects n things like ur fcus, cncentratin and creativity.
Given the blue dt’s rle, it makes sense that it wuld be quietest at night during sleep. It is nt entirely silent, hwever, but fires ccasinally-and recent research by Anita Lüthi at the University f Lausanne suggests that this activity may determine the quality f ur sleeps.
Acrss the night, we alternate between different sleep stages. There is “rapid eye mvement” (REM) sleep, which is assciated with vivid dreaming and is thught t be crucial fr prcessing and cnslidating memries. Much f ur rest, hwever,is spent in nn-REM (NREM) sleep, during which the brain may engage in a deep clean, clearing away cellular waste.
Measuring brain activity in dzing mice, Anita fund NREM sleep was assciated with temprary bursts f lcus ceruleus activity every 50 secnds. As a result, the animal was mre sensitive t utside stimuli, like nises-withut fully waking. “It’s generating this state f enhanced vigilance (警觉),” Anita says. “It really gives yu this idea that wakefulness can be graded in the brain.”
The beginning f REM sleep was almst always assciated with lw lcus ceruleus activity. “That transitin t REM sleep has t be very well cntrlled,” says Anita, “because in REM sleep, we have atnia.” That’s the temprary paralysis (麻痹) f ur bdy, which prevents us frm physically acting ut ur dreams.
Anita emphasises that her experiments were cnducted in mice, s we still need t cnfirm that the blue dt plays a similar rle in human sleep. If s, she suspects that altered lcus ceruleus activity culd be implicated in cnditins — such as anxiety — that may cntribute t disrdered sleep. She fund that expsing her labratry mice t mild surces f stress — such as kncking n their cage — raised the blue dt’s activity and increased their vigilance thrughut the night, resulting in fragmented sleep.
27. What des the underlined wrd “they” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A. Neurns.B. Electric currents.
C. Prjectins.D. Neurtransmitters.
28. Accrding t the passage, what is the rle f the LC?
A. Prducing receptrs.B. Preserving cell sensitivity.
C. Mnitring brain activity.D. Imprving neural cnnectivity.
29. Which f the fllwing may Anita Lüthi agree with?
A. The blue dt fires regularly at night.
B. Stress has an impact n the LC activity.
C. Lw LC activity can help clean cellular waste.
D. Atnia results frm sudden bursts f brain activity.
30. What might be the next step f the research?
A. Grading the wakefulness f human brains.
B. Unlcking the mechanism f sleep disrder.
C. Assessing the functin f the blue dt n humans.
D. Identifying appraches t altering the LC activity.
考向03考查主旨大意题
Passage 1
（24-25高三上·北京朝阳·期末）Accrding t an idea called the “inflatinary (暴胀的) multiverse”, the universe has been cnstantly expanding, which wuld have created a cuntless number f ther universes. Cllectively, these csmic islands frm what scientists call a “multiverse”. Hwever, ther universes may lie beynd ur scientific reach, physically and philsphically. Cnsequently, the methdlgies by which physicists might validate (验证) the multiverse and whether such validatin is even pssible remain unreslved inquiries.
In science, hyptheses (假说) are used t prpse explanatins, but frm hyptheses t theries, validatin f predictins is essential t see whether initial assumptins are supprted r disprved. Theretical physicist Carl Rvelli says, “It is hard t write theries that survive the prf f reality. Few survive thanks t a basic idea: D nt trust yur fancies. Keep nly the ideas that can be tested.” Rvelli adds, “Tday many physicists are wasting time trying t guess and jumping t cnclusins. This apprach has never wrked previusly, and it is nt wrking nw.” The multiverse might be ne f thse wild guesses.
Nw, physicists are debating whether that prblem mves the multiverse frm physics t metaphysics, frm the wrld f science t that f philsphy. Philspher Richard Dawid believes scientists culd supprt the multiverse hyptheses withut actually finding physical supprt. “If we have a thery that seems t wrk, and have cme up with nthing that wrks better, chances are ur idea is right,” he says. Nt everyne is s cheerful, thugh. Sabine Hssenfelder, anther theretical physicist, thinks “Withut making cntact with bservatin, a thery isn’t part f the natural sciences, and nt physics.”
Sme supprters f the multiverse claim they have fund physical evidence. Andrei Linde insists “Our universe seems fine-tuned (精调的) t be favurable t life, with a fur-dimensinal space in which we can live. It is certain that in an eternally inflating multiverse, ne f the universes shuld turn ut like urs. Each universe can have different physical laws and fundamentals. Given limitless changes, a universe n which humans can be brn will be brn. The multiverse actually explains why we’re here. And ur existence, therefre, helps explain why the multiverse is plausible.”
Just as Einstein’s thery f general relativity culd nly be cnfirmed recently with a billin-dllar instrument called LIGO, scientists may eventually discver mre direct evidence f the multiverse. S far, all f science has relied n testability, but thse tests take time, and mst thereticians want t wait it ut. They are nt ready t shelve an idea like the multiverse — which culd actually be the answer t life, the universe and everything — until and unless they can prve t themselves it desn’t exist. And that day may never cme.
1．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．The multiverse is recgnized as a thery.
B．The multiverse starts debates n human existence.
C．Rvelli criticizes physicists fr their baseless fancies.
D．Dawid emphasizes the necessity f physical evidence.
2．What des the underlined wrd “plausible” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A．Credible.B．Cmplex.C．Essential.D．Fascinating.
3．As fr the existence f multiverse, the authr is _________.
A．negativeB．neutralC．certainD．psitive
4．Which wuld be the best title fr this passage?
A．Mysteries f Multiverse: Fine-Tuned fr Life
B．Can Physicists Ever Prve the Multiverse Is Real?
C．The Inflatinary Multiverse: Prven Beynd Dubt
D．Have Physicists Lst Their Minds in the Multiverse?
Passage 2
（2025年·西城·一模） Genetic (基因) variatin is what allws a species t adapt as climate changes, new diseases arise, and nvel enemies cme n the scene. A slightly different genetic makeup can ensure at least sme individuals will still d OK in times f crisis. But just as the number f species is declining wrldwide, s, t, is the genetic diversity within many species.
Until 2022, gvernments fcused primarily n preventing species frm disappearing. That year, hwever, when updating the United Natins’s Cnventin n Bilgical Diversity treaty (条约), participating cuntries agreed t start t lk at genetic diversity as well.
The first step tward slwing the trend is understanding it. Cnservatin bilgist Catherine Gruéber frm the University f Sydney and many clleagues gathered 882 papers written between 1985 and 2019 that tracked diversity changes within 628 individual species by analyzing their DNA at at least tw time pints. The team used cmplex statistical analyses t make the data cmparable, enabling them t identify trends and crrelate lss f genetic diversity with flds, habitat destructin, r ther disturbances. They als tracked what happened in the face f varius cnservatin measures, such as legally prtecting a species r setting aside and prtecting habitat.
Tw-thirds f the ppulatins analyzed exhibited a decline in diversity, Gruéber and her clleagues reprt. That included species already knwn t be at risk, but it als included mre cmmn species. The implicatin is that thse species may be less able t bunce back than expected during envirnmental change, says Alicia Mastertta-Yanes, a cnservatin geneticist.
Sme cnservatin effrts, such as eclgical restratin r reducing pests (害虫), didn’t help much, the analysis fund. But certain actins did seem t help, such as effrts t expand and prtect habitat, intrduce new individuals t declining ppulatins, r cnnect tw islated ppulatins.
“It was pretty impressive that they were able t track what human disturbances and cnservatin actins had dne,” says Misés Alns, an evlutinary geneticist wh authred a preprint last year indicating that prtecting existing habitat wn’t be enugh t prevent genetic diversity lsses fr many species. “We needed smething like this,” he says.
Cnservatin scientists emphasize the imprtance f cntinuing t mnitr ppulatins. But DNA methds aren’t always practical, sme nte. “It is relatively hard and expensive t measure genetic diversity directly,” Mastertta-Yanes says.
T get arund that, Mastertta-Yanes and thers published a paper in Eclgy Letters last year that used prxy (代替物) measures, such as ppulatin size, t evaluate genetic diversity in 919 species. The methd, which nly required abut 3 hurs f wrk per species, indicated that 58% f the species have ppulatins that are t small t maintain their genetic diversity. The fact that these different appraches fund declining diversity “makes bth results mre cnvincing,” Mastertta-Yanes says. “Finally, genetic diversity is getting the attentin it deserves.”
31. What is Paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A. Challenges f cllecting DNA data fr diversity research.
B. Findings n genetic diversity changes ver the past 30 years.
C. Research methds applied t track genetic diversity changes.
D. Impacts f human disturbances n diversity f different species.
32. What can be learned frm Grueber’s study?
A. Habitat extensin and ppulatin management preserve diversity.
B. The diversity f cmmn species tends t decline mre severely.
C. At-risk species better resist the impact f envirnmental changes.
D. Ecsystem recvery and pest cntrl drive ppulatin rise.
33. Mastertta-Yanes hlds that DNA methds ________.
A. will sn be replaced by prxy measures
B. lack practicality due t their csts and cmplexity
C. may get in the way f mnitring species ppulatins
D. require a large ppulatin size t achieve high accuracy
34. What is the purpse f this passage?
A. T identify mre effective methds applied in gene research.
B. T advcate fr using DNA methds exclusively in cnservatin effrts.
C. T warn peple f the threat psed by envirnmental changes n species.
D. T draw peple’s attentin t effective measures against lss f diversity.
Passage 3
（2025年·丰台·一模）Recent findings frm the Dark Energy Spectrscpic Instrument(DESI) in Arizna, which prduced the largest 3D map f the universe, suggest that dark energy — the mysterius frce driving the universe’s accelerated( 加速的) expansin — might change ver time. This challenges the standard mdel f csmlgy (宇宙学), which assumes a steady acceleratin.
Dark energy is thught t make up nearly 70% f the csms, s if its behaviur really is changing as time passes, it culd have significant implicatins fr ur understanding f the universe.
Since the DESI data came ut, researchers have been wrking n ways t explain the apparent changes in the universe’s expansin rate. Dark energy isn’t directly bservable, s there are several ptins that culd fit. One slutin suggested by Michael Garda at the Federal University in Brazil and his clleagues invlves letting dark energy interact with dark matter, an invisible and abundant frm f matter that utweighs rdinary matter. This interactin is frbidden in the standard mdel, but if energy culd flw frm the universe’s dark matter t its dark energy — essentially changing the frmer t the latter — the researchers’ simulatins (模拟) shwed that this wuld match the DESI measurements. Yet, the mechanism fr such an energy transfer isn’t clear.
This slutin might als help reslve the Hubble tensin, a difference in the ways we measure the expansin rate f the csms. Measurements f this made by analysing nearby galaxies (knwn as “lcal” measurements) give an expansin rate, r Hubble cnstant, which is slightly higher than the ne btained frm the csmic micrwave backgrund (CMB) — the remaining radiatin frm the early universe. CMB measurements rely n a theretical mdel f csmic evlutin, which may need adjustment if Garda’s prpsal is crrect. By allwing energy transfer between dark matter and dark energy, the adjusted mdel culd bring CMB-based estimates mre clsely int line with lcal measurements, ptentially reslving the tensin.
Anther prpsed slutin invlves dark radiatin, an invisible frm f radiatin similar t light but cmpsed f dark phtns (光子). Tamar Allali at Brwn University and his team suggest that dark radiatin culd explain the DESI data and lessened the Hubble tensin by increasing the universe’s expansin rate in its early stages. “If yu have mre radiatin, the expansin is faster in the early universe,” says Allali. Unlike adjustments t dark energy, dark radiatin intrduces a new cmpnent withut changing existing physical laws, making it a mre cnservative apprach. Allali ntes that the DESI data des nt rule ut dark radiatin and even shws a slight preference fr it.
Bth mdels — interacting dark energy and dark radiatin — fit the DESI data, but neither has been cnfirmed. Shawn Smith at the University f Edinburgh, UK, pints ut that while many uncnventinal mdels culd explain the bservatins, nne currently cmpete with the standard csmlgical mdel frm a fundamental physics perspective. Nevertheless, these mdels serve as catalysts fr prgress, ensuring that csmlgy remains a dynamic and evlving field.
32. What des this passage mainly talk abut?
A. The develpment f scientific mdels t study the universe.
B. The discvery f dark energy and its impact n the universe.
C. The imprtance f DESI in studying the universe’s behavir.
D. The attempts t explain the universe’s unexpected expansin.
33. Which f the fllwing might the authr agree with?
A. Garda’s prpsal utperfrms Allali’s in its simplicity.
B. Recent research has fund ways fr dark energy transfer.
C. The DESI data has cnfirmed the existence f dark radiatin.
D. The tw mdels share similarities in reducing Hubble tensin.
34. The passage is rganized in the pattern f ________.
A. cause — effect — slutinB. prblem— slutin — evaluatin
C. example —a nalysis — cnclusinD. intrductin — cmparisn — result
Passage 4
（2025年·门头沟·一模）
Fr millennia, we have expected dgs t guard ur prperty and prtect ur family at night. Nw they are als asked t be friendly arund strangers, rest quietly thrugh the night and keep their feet ff sfas. “It’s an evlutinary mismatch”, says Hare, an anthrplgist at Duke University. The gd news is that this prblem is slvable. Recent studies indicate that selective breeding (繁殖) and careful training can help dgs adapt t indr life.
A “puppy kindergarten” research was set up by Hare’s team t illustrate the heritability f behaviural traits in dgs by bserving what service dgs’ behaviur lks like befre intensive training begins. Service dgs were selected as the subject fr they can always naturally adapt well t the mismatch cmpared t ther kinds. They can pull wheelchairs, perate light switches and interact gently with children.
By cllecting data frm 1,500 dg wners n the behaviur f their pets, which belnged t 36 breeds, Hare’s team discvered that genetics (遗传特征) explained 45 percent f the variatin in dgs’ self-cntrl. 16 percent f the variatin in reasning abut the physical wrld and a mere 0.01 percent f the variatin in shrt-term memry, which manifests that sme desirable behaviurs are heritable t certain degree, and selective breeding fr temperament is wrthwhile.
“Genetics is imprtant, but its relative imprtance is different fr different behaviural traits,” says Gitanjali frm Emry University. Besides, Hare’s wrk als illustrates selective breeding can’t guarantee sme highly desirable traits, such as a gd memry. S they have devised techniques that wners can use t help train their pets and build better relatinships with them.
One habit that is especially imprtant in training is making eye cntact. “The dg’s gaze may be a causal factr in inducing gd feelings in the wner”, says Kikusui at Azabu University in Japan, “and the lnger a dg gazes at its wner, the strnger thse gd feelings becme.” Hare als fund that pups culd slve sme “impssible tasks” by appealing t human fr help, and the appeal was made thrugh eye cntact. S he suggested puppy wners finish “impssible tasks” with their pets every tw weeks t strengthen the emtinal cnnectin with them. “Ding s can help yu learn where yur dg’s cgnitive strengths lie”, he says. And as the puppy kindergarten prject has made clear, dg training as well as selective breeding is crucial t fster thse behaviurs we wuld like ur pets t exhibit in ur hmes.
32. What can we learn frm Hare’s research?
A. Service dgs were bserved while accepting training.
B. Genetics may explain differences in dgs’ self-cntrl
C. Service dgs were chsen fr they were trained earlier.
D. Selective breeding develps dgs’ mst desirable traits.
33. What’s the authr’s aim f quting Gitanjali’s wrds?
A. T reveal that Hare’s research is suspicius.
B. T prve the necessity f selective breeding.
C. T cnfirm the value n refrming dgs’ genes.
D. T suggest that ther factrs als need discussing.
34. What’s the best title fr the passage?
A. Service Dgs: Acquiring Desirable Traits thrugh Breeding
B. Smart Dgs: Adapting Well t Indr Life thrugh Training
C. Mdern Dgs: Training Desirable Dgs thrugh Eye Cntact
D. Gd Dgs: Evlving thrugh Selective Breeding and Training
考向04考查词义猜测题
Passage 1
（2025年·朝阳·一模）When peple view phtgraphs f frightening spiders, scientists usually bserve increased electrical activity deep in their brain, in a regin called the periaqueductal gray (PAG). The bvius cnclusin is that the PAG cntrls fight-r-flight respnses in threatening situatins. But what if brains dn’t have dedicated circuits fr fighting and flighting? Is threat detectin really a primary mde f the brain with its wn neural circuitry (神经回路)?
This idea f fight-r-flight circuits riginates frm the “triune brain” mdel dividing brains int the s-called lizard brain, including the PAG, fr survival functins, the “limbic system” fr emtins, and the “necrtex” fr higher-rder reasning. If yu knw anything abut evlutin, yu might knw that smething is spurius. The nly animal n this planet with a lizard brain is a lizard. Als, there’s n unified limbic “system” r the “necrtex” fr emtins r ratinality (理性) respectively. S where des this leave the fight-r-flight stry?
Recently, changes in PAG activity have been bserved in nnthreatening tasks, such as reading a fascinating article abut the brain. The PAG has als been prved t regulate bdily systems cntinuusly. Incidentally, this explains why antianxiety medicatins manage anxiety disrders withut healing them. They target brain circuits that aren’t dedicated t anxiety r fight-r-flight but that simply regulate the bdy.
Researches n the brain’s pwers als cast new light n ur understandings. In daily life, individuals might feel like they perceive and react t varius stimuli as either threatening r safe. Actually, the brain, using past experiences, skillfully predicts and frmulates actin plans in anticipatin f events befre stimuli ccur. The brain’s preparatry mechanism, metablically (新陈代谢地) expensive, invlves cmplicated neurnal activities fr sustaining multiple predictins and crrespnding actin plans ver extended perids. But the experiences in fight-r-flight respnses crafted by yur brain dn’t reveal hw it wrks.
Mrever, yur brain, which des much mre than avid threats, handles a cmplex scial wrld full f uncertainty. That’s a recipe fr stress. And what is stress? It reflects energy preparatin fr anticipated challenges. Yur brain ften makes sense f metablic cst f uncertainty, if it drags n fr lng enugh, as anxiety, but that’s nt a must. Peple seek uncertainty ut — and its psitive cusin, nvelty — when they try new fds r learn new skills.
Uncertainty is cmmn, but these days, with scial media and rund-the-clck news cverage, it smetimes bmbards us and leaves us anxius and exhausted. But these feelings dn’t emerge frm fight-r-flight circuits. They may just mean, in an ever changing and nly partly predictable wrld, that yu’re ding smething hard.
28. The authr asks the questins in Paragraph 1 t ________.
A. evaluate a statementB. justify an assumptin
C. challenge an argumentD. intrduce a new cncept
29. Which des the underlined wrd “spurius” in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. Rare.B. Wrng.C. Limited.D. Unexpected.
30. What can we infer frm this passage?
A. Hunting fr nvelty reduces stress and anxiety.
B. Medicine targeting PAG cures anxiety disrders.
C. Uncertainty is a prduct f mdern media and news cycles.
D. The “Fight r Flight” idea verlks the brain’s predictive pwer.
Passage 2
（2025年·丰台·一模）During WW II, mathematician Alan Turing gathered a team f lgic experts t decde enemy messages, a key step tward victry. If there was ne branch f mathematics which culd be said they were using systematically, it was symblic lgic. Hwever, the curriculum designs that methdically develp students’ symblic lgic abilities are relatively rare.
Symblic lgic is a frm f mathematics that lets us check whether certain cnclusins crrectly fllw frm a set f facts. Cnsider a library bk-theft case. If a suspect wasn’t in the library n the day the theft happened, they can’t be the thief. If present, they may r may nt be. Being in the library desn’t mean they stle the bk. Symblic lgic turns this kind f argument int algebra (代数学), readily shared, slved and generalized fr slving mysteries.
Fr careers such as electrical engineering and cmputer science, the value f symblic lgic is undeniable. The fundamental building blcks f mdern digital cmputers are circuits representing “AND” and “OR”, which are cmmn in symblic lgic. Almst every cmputer prgram cntains similar “if-then-else” lgical cnditins. Prfessinal prgrammers must rutinely write and trublesht such statements.
But symblic lgic is nt slely limited t technical fields. Rutgers University mathematician Gray Wenger argues that teaching respnsible citizenship requires prviding students with mathematical reasning skills. Fr example, cnsider a debate ver a study finding that mst adults withut high-schl certificates earn less. A respnsible citizen must think thrugh the implicatins alng the lines f the bk-theft case example abve. N certificate likely means lwer incme, but lw incme desn’t mean n certificate. Training in symblic lgic makes these srts f reasnings sink int their cgnitive prcesses and becme secnd nature t citizens.
In additin, symblic lgic equips individuals t cunter false claims by distinguishing between separate incidents and systematic evidence. The mst effective strategy fr this lies in preventive educatin — teaching peple t recgnize faulty reasning at its surce. Cnsider, fr instance, sme glbal-warming dubters use ne day f cld weather as prf that glbal warming is a hax (骗局). But a lgical thinker can quickly spt that weather is shrt-term, while climate is lng-term change.
Sme dubt the need fr a separate symblic lgic curse, believing ther classes can d the jb. In writing curses, fr example, students learn hw t spt illgical arguments, and elementary prfs are cvered in trignmetry (三角学). Much can be gained by teaching peple lgical thinking withut using any symbls. But nly symblic lgic ensures lgical strictness. A piecemeal apprach isn’t enugh; a full-semester curse is needed fr cmprehensive learning.
Symblic lgic is essential fr intellectual develpment. By integrating symblic lgic int educatinal framewrks, we equip future generatins with the intellectual tls t navigate cmplex challenges. Training fr it must be included in the curriculum and cannt be left t chance.
28. Accrding t the passage, symblic lgic can play a primary rle when ________.
A. a chef is creating a new recipe by cmbining different materials
B. a student is deciding which club t jin based n persnal interests
C. a dctr is identifying ne’s illness by using signs and test findings
D. a jurnalist is writing a feature article by interviewing lcal peple
29. What des the phrase “secnd nature” underlined in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A. A rutine practice.B. An autmatic ability.
C. An essential tl.D. A necessary quality.
30. Frm the passage, we learn that symblic lgic ________.
A. tells the difference between separate incidents
B. is mainly applied in slving mathematical puzzles
C. questins the basic principles f mdern cmputers
D. enables peple t detect and challenge false arguments
31. The authr may agree that current symblic lgic educatin is ________.
A. unsatisfying fr the lack f symblic lgic curses
B. prblematic and ignres lgical reasning practice
C. acceptable if alternative curses are available
D. manageable and will imprve naturally
Passage 3
（2025年·西城·一模） Recently, I attended a public talk by smene whse views I “knew” I wuld ppse. And yet, I went. I listened, asked questins, and gave my time. While my cre values weren’t transfrmed in thse tw hurs, I learned smething and left with a deeper appreciatin fr the cmplexity f ther perspectives.
In this weeknight activity, I was actively trying t tackle “beliefism,” a divisive phenmenn in which surrunding yurself with peple wh share yur views leads t discriminatin against thse wh disagree. In this way, beliefism deepens divisin and reinfrces plarizatin — building walls instead f bridges.
Indeed, beliefism is widespread in mdern sciety. A significant part f the prblem riginates frm the fact that we live in a wrld that is bth physically and virtually divided. We rarely interact with peple frm ther walks f life. Scial media algrithms stke the fires f divisin, lcking us int ech chambers that reinfrce ur preexisting beliefs and shut dwn debate.
Ultimately, where many frces are driving us apart, we must think — what can we d t unpack divisin and restre cnnectin?
We can begin by trying t understand the psychlgy f beliefism, which at its cre is a frm f bias — a mental shrtcut in which we categrise peple accrding t single characteristics r generalising assumptins. Indeed, in a wrld that is infinitely cmplex, ur minds use these biases t simplify and make sense f the wrld. The thing is, when we see thers nly thrugh the perspective f their plitical r scial beliefs, we reduce and flatten them t a single dimensin. Further, when peple feel they are dismissed r disregarded nly fr their beliefs, they are left feeling islated and misunderstd.
Secndly, we can understand the tendency fr beliefism as part f ur evlutinary (进化的) desire t establish a cmmunity r grup. The prblem is that while this instinct (本能) may have nce served evlutinary purpses, tday, it blcks meaningful dialgue and cperatin. Indeed, research shws that vercming beliefism has benefits. When we welcme a variety f ideas and perspectives, we are able t vercme grup-think and make better decisins and judgements. What’s mre, less beliefist peple are generally happier, having strnger, mre fulfilling relatinships and brader hrizns.
Luckily, there are a number f relevant, research-backed psychlgical techniques that help build tlerance and break bias. We might exercise individuatin, seeing peple as diverse-sided individuals and breaking away frm reductive ways f thinking. We can practice perspective-taking, building empathy (同理心) by stepping int smene else’s shes and trying t see the wrld thrugh their eyes.
Ultimately, the way frward is nt thrugh divisins, but thrugh a recgnitin f ur shared humanity. Remind yurself that each persn exists at the intersectin f many identities, experiences, and beliefs. Challenge yurself t practice empathy, and remember that n ne is whlly defined by the wrst thing they have said r dne.
27. What des the underlined wrd “stke” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A. Fuel.B. Keep.C. Put.D. Cntain.
28. What can we knw abut beliefism frm the passage?
A. Scial media algrithms mainly cntribute t its wide spread.
B. Human evlutin prves its harm in establishing grup-think.
C It reflects ur simplified way f understanding the surrunding wrld.
D. It leads us t make assumptins abut thers’ plitical r scial beliefs.
29. Which f the fllwing wuld be mst effective in fighting beliefism?
A. Facilitating interactins between peple frm different cmmunities.
B. Creating a list f acceptable beliefs fr each cmmunity t fllw.
C. Asking peple t write abut their experiences f being islated.
D. Stressing cnflict instead f cperatin between different beliefs.
30. Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Beynd Us and ThemB. The Rts f Beliefism
C. The Harm f Scial DivisinD. At the Crssrad f Faith
题型一 完形填空
（2025·北京市丰台区·一模）I stepped ut f the stre, juggling a few shpping bags in my hands, lking frward t the drive hme. As I reached my car, a wave f panic washed ver me. I had 1 my keys and mbile phne inside the vehicle. In a mment f annyance, I gave the tire a hard kick.
A teenager n a bike happened t pass by at that very mment. He stpped, and his eyes filled with 2 . “What’s wrng?” he asked. I sighed deeply and explained my rather 3 situatin. “But even if I culd call my wife,” I added, my tne 4 , “she can’t bring me the spare car key, since she’s taking care f ur children at hme.”
Withut hesitatin, he 5 me his mbile phne. “Call yur wife and tell her I’m cming t get the spare key,” he said. I lked at him in 6 . “That’s an 11-kilmetre rund trip!” I prtested. But he was determined and said, “Dn’t wrry abut it.”
An hur seemed t 7 as I waited anxiusly. But true t his wrd, he 8 with the key in hand. I was verjyed and immediately reached fr my wallet t ffer him sme mney as a gesture f my 9 . Hwever, he firmly refused. “Let’s just say I needed the exercise,” he said with a smile. Then, with a casual wave, he gt back n his bike and rde ff.
In a wrld that ften seems fcused n self-interest, his kindness was a shining example f the gdness that still exists. A simple act f 10 can have a prfund impact n smene’s day.
1．A．placedB．hiddenC．stredD．lcked
2．A．hpeB．sadnessC．cncernD．anxiety
3．A．unfrtunateB．dangerusC．adventurusD．prmising
4．A．relaxedB．exhaustedC．excitedD．defeated
5．A．leftB．handedC．sentD．sld
6．A．disbeliefB．angerC．regretD．fear
7．A．jump aheadB．fly byC．drag nD．cme arund
8．A．returnedB．hesitatedC．disappearedD．settled
9．A．kindnessB．satisfactinC．admiratinD．gratitude
10．A．devtinB．genersityC．curageD．sharing
题型二 语法填空
Writing 1
（24-25高三上·北京昌平·期末）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Yesterday, a 49-year-ld wman lst cntrl f her vehicle and slipped int a river with strng and mving water. The wman’s car began sinking int the river, 1 (leave) her trapped inside as water quickly filled the vehicle. A passerby, 2 had been wrking nearby, nticed the sinking car. Withut hesitatin, the man rushed int the river t help. He pulled the wman 3 the sinking vehicle and safely guided her t the shre.
（24-25高三上·北京昌平·期末）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Over centuries, we have been seeking ways t cure diseases. One f the first t seek fr a scientific fundatin fr medicine was Hippcrates, wh is said t have used tree bark and leaves 1 (relieve) fevers and pain. Fr many centuries, medicine advanced rather 2 (slw), until the inventin f the micrscpe, which 3 (lead) t the discvery f bld cells, f bacteria, and f the germ thery f disease. Since then, the advance f medicine 4 (speed) up.
Writing 2
（24-25高三上·北京·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
It was a reading class. While all her classmates were flying thrugh the bks, Skye Malik nly n page fur, gt impssibly 1 (stick) n the wrd “dughnut". Her expected difficulty with reading is called “dyslexia”. Skye gt a 2 (prfessin) diagnsis at the end f the 2nd grade.
Writing 3
（24-25高三上·北京昌平·期末）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Xi’an is hme t many imprtant histrical sites. The Xi’an City Wall, 1 (build) in the Ming Dynasty, is ne f the best preserved walls in China. It nce prvided prtectin against enemies and its thickness is 2 (great) than its height. A gd place t explre the rich histry f Xi’an is surely the Shaanxi Histry Museum which cntains abut 1.7 millin histrical 3 (item).
Writing 4
（24-25高三上·北京·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Beijing’s Central Axis (中轴线), which lines the histric stretch, recently achieved UNESCO 1 (recgnize), drawing widespread praise and fueling a flurishing fd scene with nearly10,000 dining establishments. Accrding t the nline service platfrm Meituan, data reveals that 2 (search) fr “Beijing Central Axis” increased by 58 percent frm January t July. In the first half f this year, cnsumptin frm visitrs t Beijing cntributed 10.5 percent 3 the capital’s restaurant sectr.
Writing 5
（24-25高三上·北京东城·期末）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Andrew Knde, a student at Kenya’s Strathmre University, was inspired t start learning kung fu as a child after 1 (watch) martial arts mvies. What began as a hbby fr a child has since becme a way f life fr Knde, 2 is nw the chairman f the university’ s Martial Arts Club. Thrugh hard wrk, he 3 (lead) his team t victries at natinal champinships ver the past tw years.
2025年
Passage 1
【2025全国一卷】Micrplastics have becme a cmmn surce f pllutin acrss the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and n the Himalayas, stuck inside vlcanic rcks, filled the stmachs f seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snw. They are even appearing inside humans.
Nw, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level f micrplastics in water frm yur tap (水龙头): biling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Envirnmental Science & Technlgy Letters, researchers frm China fund that biling tap water fr just five minutes — then filtering it after it cls — culd remve at least 80 percent f its micrplastics.
Crucially, this prcess relies n the water cntaining enugh calcium carbnate (碳酸钙) t trap the plastics. In the study, biling hard water cntaining 300 milligrams f calcium carbnate led t an almst 90 percent drp in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams f calcium carbnate, biling reduced the level f plastics by just 25 percent. Additinally, the research didn’t include all types f plastics. The team fcused nly n three cmmn types — plystyrene, plyethylene and plyprpylene — and they didn’t study ther chemicals previusly fund in water such as vinyl chlride.
Still, the findings shw a ptential path frward fr reducing micrplastic expsure — a task that’s becming increasingly difficult. Even bttled water, scientists fund earlier this year, cntains 10 t 1,000 times mre micrplastics than riginally thught.
Scientists are still trying t determine hw harmful micrplastics are — but what they d knw has raised cncerns. The new study suggests biling tap water culd be a tl t limit intake. “The way they demnstrated hw micrplastics were trapped thrugh the biling prcess was nice,” Carline Gauchtte-Lindsay, an envirnmental engineer f the University f Glasgw in Sctland wh was nt invlved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We shuld be lking int upgrading drinking water treatment plants s they remve micrplastics.”
32．Hw des the authr present the issue in the first paragraph?
A．By quting an expert.B．By defining a cncept.
C．By giving examples.D．By prviding statistics.
33．What determines the effectiveness f trapping micrplastics in water?
A．The hardness f water.B．The length f cling time.
C．The frequency f filtering.D．The type f plastic in water.
34．What des the authr try t illustrate by mentining bttled water in paragraph 4?
A．The imprtance f plastic recycling.B．The severity f the micrplastic prblem.
C．The danger in verusing pure water.D．The difficulty in treating plluted water.
35．What is Gauchtte-Lindsay’s suggestin abut?
A．Chice f new research methds.B．Pssible directin fr further study.
C．Need t invlve mre researchers.D．Ptential applicatin f the findings.
Passage 2
【2025全国二卷】When Snja Detrinidad pened her nline shp selling huseplants, she didn’t have high hpes fr it. But the ppsite happened: She was flded, shipping ut 1,200 rders in June f 2020 alne. In the past year, Detrinidad sent ut mre than 70,000 plants. Her success is just ne example f increased time at hme leading t an explsin in the huseplant industry.
“Plants are in fashin right nw,” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher frm the University f Flrida. “Peple wh live in plant-rich envirnments reprt a higher life satisfactin rating, ” she says. “Adding mre nature t ur envirnment can change ur md and hw we think.” Plants can imprve ur state f mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing ur level f crtisl, the stress hrmne (激素) in ur bdy.
“Students wh are arund plants perfrm better academically than students wh are in a classrm withut plants,” says Knuth. “This prductivity als translates int the wrkplace fr adults. Our study shwed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave fr peple wh were in plant-rich wrkplaces.”
If yu’re amng the grups f peple wh are enjying the mental and physical health benefits f surrunding yurself with plants, dn’t beat yurself up if ne (r a few!) desn’t make it. “Dctrs practice medicine and lawyers practice law and yu shuld allw yurself the practice it takes t sustain a plant. Tending t plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care f it, but if it dies, g get anther ne,” Detrinidad says.
28．Hw was Detrinidad’s business when it started?
A．It faced tugh cmpetitin.B．It suffered a great lss.
C．It gt lts f financial supprt.D．It went surprisingly well.
29．What is ne f Knuth’s findings abut plants?
A．They appeal mre t students.B．They purify the envirnment.
C．They raise the crtisl level.D．They enhance prductivity.
30．What des Detrinidad try t explain by mentining dctrs and lawyers?
A．The necessity f scial skills.B．The meaning f sustainability.
C．The imprtance f repeated effrts.D．The value f prfessinal pinins.
31．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Time t Replace HuseplantsB．Plants Bst Yur Md
C．Tips n Chsing HuseplantsD．Plants Brighten Yur Hme
Passage 3
【2025全国二卷】Des yur sul die a little every time yu thrw away unused fd? Mine des. Maybe that feeling cmes frm grwing up in Suth Africa, where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was mre f an uncmfrtable reminder f fact than a prayer at dinner time.
Fd waste is a grwing cncern in the restaurant, supermarket, and supply chain industries. Frm technlgical slutins t educatinal campaigns, fd prducers and sellers are lking fr ways t use mre f what we’re already grwing. But last mnth, ne ppular New Yrk City restaurant tried a different way: It changed its menu t exclusively (专门) ffer fd that wuld therwise be thrwn away.
Fr tw weeks in March, Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and served items like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad. Each dish was tailr-made t raise awareness regarding fd waste.
A study by the Fd Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 punds f fd waste fr every $1,000 in revenue (收入), and f that waste nly 15.7% is dnated r recycled. Up t 84.3% is simply thrwn ut. Restaurants like Sil in the UK have experimented with zer-waste systems, but wastED tk the cncept t its lgical cnclusin.
It shuld be nted that nne f the items n wastED’s menu was technically made frm garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples f meat cuts and prduce that mst restaurants wuld never cnsider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish cllars, rejected sweet ptates, and cucumber butts were all re-apprpriated and, with the help f a number f gd chefs, turned int excellent cuisine.
Thugh wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed frm the start as a shrt-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned t its regular menu. Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways t address prblems f sustainability, and that yu can make an amazing meal ut f almst anything.
32．What can be inferred abut the authr’s early life?
A．He witnessed fd shrtage.B．He enjyed the lcal cuisine.
C．He dnated fd t Africans.D．He helped t ck at hme.
33．Why did Blue Hill carry ut the experiment?
A．T custmize dishes fr guests.B．T make the public aware f fd waste.
C．T test a fd prcessing methd.D．T imprve the UK’s zer-waste systems.
34．What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A．Why the ingredients were used.B．Which dishes were best liked.
C．What the dishes were made f.D．Where the ingredients were bught.
35．What can we learn abut wastED?
A．It has ended as planned.B．It is creating new jbs.
C．It has regained ppularity.D．It is criticized by tp chefs.
Passage 4
【2025浙江1月卷】A nvel design apprach t gardening has been gaining in ppularity wrldwide. Referred t as matrix planting, this apprach aims fr nature t d a lt mre f the heavy lifting in the garden, and even sme f the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and pwer tls, it’s based n an elegantly simple principle: t garden mre like nature des.
The cncept was brn when German city planners sught t plant large areas f parkland after Wrld War II in a reprducible way that wuld need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that culd be used mdularly (模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are gruped s that they will grw tgether abve and belw grund, frming a cperative ecsystem that cnserves water and discurages weeds.
Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudlf’s gardens ppularized this style, adding artistic flavrs t the planting mixes while playing with clr and frm, including fur-seasn interest and serving the needs f wildlife. Beautiful year-rund, they invite yu t enjy the smallest detail, frm the sund f grasses in the gentle wind t the sculpture f dd-lking seed heads.
It takes a lt f thught t lk this natural. While matrix gardens appear wild, they are carefully planned, with cultural needs the first cnsideratin. Led by the cncept f “right plant, right place,” they match plants that enjy the same sil, sun and weather cnditins, and arrange them accrding t their patterns f grwth.
The benefits are substantial fr bth gardener and planet. With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s eclgy can develp well. Established matrix gardens shuld nt need the life supprt we give mst gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular watering. Cmpared t traditinal garden plts, they increase carbn absrptin, reduce strmwater runff and bst habitat and bidiversity significantly.
28．What des the underlined wrd “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean?
A．Running ut f.B．Keeping away frm.
C．Putting up with.D．Taking advantage f.
29．Why was the idea f matrix planting intrduced?
A．T cntrl weeds in large gardens.B．T bring in freign species f plants.
C．T cnserve sil and water resurces.D．T develp lw-maintenance parkland.
30．Which f the fllwing best describes Piet Oudlf’s gardens?
A．Traditinal.B．Odd-lking.
C．Tasteful.D．Well-prtected.
31．Which f the fllwing can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．The future f gardening is WILD．B．Nature treats all lives as EQUALS.
C．Matrix gardens need mre CARE.D．Old garden plts wrk WONDERS.
Passage 5
【2025浙江1月卷】As new technlgies take n increasingly humanlike qualities, there’s been a push t make them genderless. “Peple are steretyping (形成刻板印象) their gendered bjects in very traditinal ways,” says Ashley Martin, a Stanfrd assciate prfessr f rganizatinal behavir. Remving gender frm the picture altgether seems like a simple way t fix this. Yet as Martin has fund in her wrk, gender is ne f the fundamental ways peple frm cnnectins with bjects, particularly thse designed with human characteristics.
In her study, Martin asked participants t rate their attachment t male, female, and genderless versins f a digital vice assistant and a self-driving car knwn as “Miuu.” It was fund that gender increased users’ feelings f attachment t these devices and their interest in purchasing them. Fr example, participants said they wuld be less likely t buy a genderless vice assistant than versins with male r female vices.
While gendering a prduct may be gd marketing, it may als strengthen utdated r harmful ideas abut pwer and identity. The steretypes cmmnly assciated with men, such as cmpetitiveness and dminance, are mre valued than thse assciated with wmen. These qualities, in turn, are mapped nt prducts that have been assigned a gender.
Martin’s study als fund that creating a genderless bject was difficult. Fr instance, if an bject’s name was meant t sund genderless, like Miuu, participants wuld still assign a gender t it — they wuld assume Miuu was a “he” r “she.”
Martin sees a silver lining, hwever: She believes that anthrpmrphism (拟人化) “prvides an pprtunity t change steretypes.” When wmen are put int psitins f leadership like running cmpanies, it reduces negative steretypes abut wmen. Similarly, anthrpmrphized prducts culd be created t take n steretype-incnsistent rles — a male rbt that assists with nursing r a female rbt that helps d calculatins, fr instance.
32．What is the purpse f making new technlgies genderless?
A．T reduce steretypes.B．T meet public demand.
C．T cut prductin csts.D．T encurage cmpetitin.
33．What were the participants prbably asked t d in the study?
A．Design a prduct.B．Respnd t a survey.
C．Wrk as assistants.D．Take a language test.
34．Why is it difficult t create genderless bjects?
A．They cannt be mass-prduced.B．Naming them is a challenging task.
C．Peple assume they are unreliable.D．Gender is rted in peple’s mind.
35．What des the last paragraph mainly talk abut?
A．The quality f genderless prducts.B．The upside f gendering a prduct.
C．The meaning f anthrpmrphism.D．The steretypes f men and wmen.
Passage 6
【2025北京卷】The call t “knw yurself” has been there since ancient times, but ur sense f self desn’t always match what thers perceive. Cnsidering the stries we tell abut urselves can help us t change ur minds fr better.
Fr many years psychlgists saw identity as a cmbinatin f smene’s values, beliefs, gals and scial rles. Then, in the 1980s, Bb Jhnsn created the life stry mdel f identity, in which he prpses that, as we g thrugh life, these cre features are built in with ur memries t create a persnal stry thrugh which we understand ur lives.
Our life stry is smething that starts cming tgether in ur teenage years, when we begin t rganise ur lives int chapters arund key events r life changes, and begin t see urselves as bth the central character and, t a varying extent, the stry’s authr. Peple with mre cnsistent stries tend t have a strnger sense f identity, and they feel their life has mre meaning, directin and sense f purpse. Such peple shw greater verall life satisfactin, t.
Jhnsn has als investigated the link between well-being and certain stry themes. He discvered that whether smene describes having had sme cntrl ver events in their past is an imprtant predictr f a persn’s mental health. Anther key theme invlves finding sme kind f psitive meaning after stressful events. “Peple culd talk abut gaining knwledge r persnal grwth,” says Jhnsn. His research shws that this is ften missing fr peple with mental health cnditins. The gd news is that there is evidence we can learn t change ur wn stry.
Lisa Green, anther researcher, sunds a few ntes f cautin (谨慎). Fr instance, hearing abut the pwer f redemptive (拯救性的) stries, many peple may feel frced t find a psitive angle n hrrible events. She says that Western culture already pushes peple t lk fr the silver lining behind every clud.
If yu want t turn ver a new leaf, thugh, ne tp tip is that it helps t chse a significant date that signals the start f a new “chapter”. Cntrary t ppular dubt, reslutins made n I January are mre effective fr this reasn. S, whether yur gal is saving mney r getting fit, there is n better time t becme the authr f ur wn destiny (命运).
31. What can be inferred abut persnal stries?
A. They are unrelated t health.B. Cnsistent nes lead t stress.
C. They are relevant t happiness.D. Thematic nes hld back change.
32. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. Talking abut gains frm failure is negative.B. New Year reslutins are well received.
C. The West tends t vervalue ptimism.D. Scial rles fail t be highlighted.
33. What des the authr mainly d in this passage?
A. Clarify a gal.B. Analyse an event.
C. Make a cmparisn.D. Illustrate an apprach.
34. What is the passage mainly abut?
A. Hw self-identity wrks.B. Hw stry-tellers are made.
C. Hw persnal stries raise dubts.D. Hw timing affects persnal identity.
2024年
Passage 1
【2024全国甲卷】Animals can express their needs using a lt f ways. Fr instance, almst all animals have distinct vcals (声音) that they rely n t either ask fr help, scare away any dangerus animals r lk fr shelter. But cats are special creatures wh pssess amazing vcalizatin skills. They are able t have entire cnversatins with humans using mews and yu're able t interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep mewing t attract attentin and find fd. Hwever, when a cat is lking fr affectin, they tend t prduce stretched and sft mews. Mewing starts as sn as a baby cat is brught t life and uses it t get the mther's attentin and be fed.
Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense f smell is quite impressive. They use their nses t assess their envirnment and lk ut fr any signs f danger. They will sniff ut specific areas befre they chse a place t relax. Hwever, anther way the cats are able t distinguish between situatins is by lking fr familiar smells. Yur cat will likely smell yur face and stre the smell in its memry and use it t recgnize yu in the future. That's why mst pet cats are able t tell immediately if their wners were arund any ther cats, which they dn't usually like.
Dgs are knwn fr their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavir up a ntch. Many cats will find randm bjects utside and bring them t their wners. This is a very ld habit that's been present in all kinds f predatrs (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts fr their wners t shw they lve yu. These adrable little hunters are just ding smething that it's been in their nature since the beginning f time. S just g alng with it!
4. What can be learned abut cats' mewing frm the first paragraph?
A. It's a survival skill.B. It's taught by mther cats.
C. It's hard t interpret.D. It's getting luder with age.
5. Hw des a pet cat assess different situatins?
A. By listening fr sunds.B. By tuching familiar bjects.
C. By checking n smells.D. By cmmunicating with ther cats.
6. Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up ntch" in paragraph 3?
A. Perfrm apprpriately.B. Mve faster.C. Act strangely.D. D better.
7. What is a suitable title fr the text?
A. Tips n Finding a Smart CatB. Understanding Yur Cat's Behavir
C. Have Fun with Yur CatD. Hw t Keep Yur Cat Healthy
Passage 2
【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】In the race t dcument the species n Earth befre they g extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have cllected billins f recrds. Tday, mst recrds f bidiversity are ften in the frm f phts, vides, and ther digital recrds. Thugh they are useful fr detecting shifts in the number and variety f species in an area, a new Stanfrd study has fund that this type f recrd is nt perfect.
“With the rise f technlgy it is easy fr peple t make bservatins f different species with the aid f a mbile applicatin,” said Barnabas Daru, wh is lead authr f the study and assistant prfessr f bilgy in the Stanfrd Schl f Humanities and Sciences. “These bservatins nw utnumber the primary data that cmes frm physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using bservatinal data t investigate hw species are respnding t glbal change, I wanted t knw: Are they usable?”
Using a glbal dataset f 1.9 billin recrds f plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested hw well these data represent actual glbal bidiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in explring the aspects f sampling that tend t bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihd f a citizen scientist t take a picture f a flwering plant instead f the grass right next t it,” said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number f bservatin-nly recrds did nt lead t better glbal cverage. Mrever, these data are biased and favr certain regins, time perids, and species. This makes sense because the peple wh get bservatinal bidiversity data n mbile devices are ften citizen scientists recrding their encunters with species in areas nearby. These data are als biased tward certain species with attractive r eye-catching features.
What can we d with the imperfect datasets f bidiversity?
“Quite a lt,” Daru explained. “Bidiversity apps can use ur study results t infrm users f versampled areas and lead them t places — and even species — that are nt well-sampled. T imprve the quality f bservatinal data, bidiversity apps can als encurage users t have an expert cnfirm the identificatin f their upladed image.”
32. What d we knw abut the recrds f species cllected nw?
A. They are becming utdated.B. They are mstly in electrnic frm.
C. They are limited in number.D. They are used fr public exhibitin.
33. What des Daru’s study fcus n?
A. Threatened species.B. Physical specimens.
C. Observatinal data.D. Mbile applicatins.
34. What has led t the biases accrding t the study?
A. Mistakes in data analysis.B. Pr quality f upladed pictures.
C. Imprper way f sampling.D. Unreliable data cllectin devices.
35. What is Daru’s suggestin fr bidiversity apps?
A. Review data frm certain areas.B. Hire experts t check the recrds.
C. Cnfirm the identity f the users.D. Give guidance t citizen scientists.
Passage 3
【2024全国甲卷】The Saint Lukas train desn’t accept passengers—it accepts nly the sick. The Saint Lukas is ne f five gvernment-spnsred medical trains that travel t remte twns in central and eastern Russia. Each stp lasts an average f tw days, and during that time the dctrs and nurses n bard prvide rural(乡村)ppulatins with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptins.
“Peple started queuing t make an appintment early in the mrning,” says Emile Ducke, a German phtgrapher wh traveled with the staff f the Saint Lukas fr a tw-week trip in Nvember thrugh the vast regins(区域)f Krasnyarsk and Khakassia.
Russia’s public health care service has been in serius need f mdernizatin. The gvernment has struggled t cme up with measures t address the prblem, particularly in the prer, rural areas east f the Vlga River, including arranging dctr’s appintments by vide chat and expanding financial aid prgrams t mtivate dctrs t practice medicine in remte parts f the cuntry like Krasnyarsk.
The annual arrival f the Saint Lukas is anther attempt t imprve the situatin. Fr 10 mnths every year, the train stps at abut eight statins ver tw weeks, befre returning t the reginal capital t refuel and restck(补给). Then it starts all ver again the next mnth. Mst statins wait abut a year between visits.
Dctrs see up t 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allws fr basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the dctrs and their assistants wrking and living in such little space but still staying fcused and very cncerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance fr many rural peple t get the treatment they want. ”
8. Hw is the Saint Lukas different frm ther trains?
A. It runs acrss cuntries.B. It reserves seats fr the senirs.
C. It functins as a hspital.D. It travels alng a river.
9. What can we infer frm paragraph 3 abut Krasnyarsk?
A. It is heavily ppulated.B. It ffers training fr dctrs.
C. It is a mdern city.D. It needs medical aid.
10. Hw lng can the Saint Lukas wrk with ne supply?
A. Abut a year.B. Abut ten mnths.
C. Abut tw mnths.D. Abut tw weeks.
11. What is Ducke’s attitude tward the Saint Lukas’ services?
A. Appreciative.B. DubtfulC. Ambiguus.D. Cautius.
Passage 4
【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】We all knw fresh is best when it cmes t fd. Hwever, mst prduce at the stre went thrugh weeks f travel and cvered hundreds f miles befre reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a slid chice t reduce the jurney, Babyln Micr-Farm (BMF) shrtens it even mre.
BMF is an indr garden system. It can be set up fr a family. Additinally, it culd serve a larger audience such as a hspital, restaurant r schl. The innvative design requires little effrt t achieve a reliable weekly supply f fresh greens.
Specifically, it’s a farm that relies n new technlgy. By cnnecting thrugh the Clud, BMF is remtely mnitred. Als, there is a cnvenient app that prvides grwing data in real time. Because the system is autmated, it significantly reduces the amunt f water needed t grw plants. Rather than watering rws f sil, the system prvides just the right amunt t each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pd (容器) t get the next grwth cycle started.
Mrever, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zer emissins (排放) frm transprting plants frm sil t salad. In additin, there’s n need fr pesticides and ther chemicals that pllute traditinal farms and the surrunding envirnment.
BMF emplyees live ut sustainability in their everyday lives. Abut half f them walk r bike t wrk. Inside the ffice, they encurage recycling and waste reductin by limiting garbage cans and aviding single-use plastic. “We are passinate abut reducing waste, carbn and chemicals in ur envirnment,” said a BMF emplyee.
8. What can be learned abut BMF frm paragraph 1?
A. It guarantees the variety f fd.B. It requires day-t-day care.
C. It cuts the farm-t-table distance.D. It relies n farmer’s markets.
9. What infrmatin des the cnvenient app ffer?
A. Real-time weather changes.B. Current cnditin f the plants.
C. Chemical pllutants in the sil.D. Availability f pre-seeded pds.
10. What can be cncluded abut BMF emplyees?
A. They have a great passin fr sprts.
B. They are devted t cmmunity service.
C. They are fnd f sharing daily experiences.
D They have a strng envirnmental awareness.
11. What des the text mainly talk abut?
A. BMF’s majr strengths.B. BMF’s general management.
C. BMF’s glbal influence.D. BMF’s technical standards.
Passage5
【2024浙江1月卷】On September 7, 1991, the cstliest hailstrm (雹暴) in Canadian histry hit Calgary’s suthern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a grup f insurance cmpanies have spent abut $2millin per year n the Alberta Hail Suppressin Prject. Airplanes seed threatening strm cells with a chemical t make small ice crystals fall as rain befre they can grw int dangerus hailstnes. But farmers in east-central Alberta — dwnwind f the hail prject flights — wrry that precius misture (水分) is being stlen frm their thirsty land by the clud seeding.
Nrman Stienwand, wh farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings n this issue fr years “Basically, the prvincial gvernment is letting the insurance cmpanies prtect the Calgary-Edmntn urban area frm hail,” Mr. Stienwan d says, “but they’re increasing drught risk as far east as Saskatchewan.”
The Alberta hail prject is managed by Terry Krauss, a clud physicist wh wrks fr Weather Mdificatin Inc. f Farg, Nrth Dakta. “We affect nly a very small percentage f the ttal misture in the air, s we cannt be cusing drught.” Dr. Krauss says. “In fact, we may be helping increase the misture dwnwind by creating wetter grund.”
One dubter abut the safety f clud seeding is Chuck Dswell, a research scientist wh just retired frm the University f Oklahma. “In 1999, I persnally saw significant trnades (龙卷风) frm frm a seeded strm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Dswell says. “Des clud seeding create killer strms r reduce misture dwnwind? N ne really knws, f curse, but the seeding ges n.”
Given the degree f dubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it wuld be wise t stp clud seeding.” In practice, dubt has had the ppsite effect. Due t the lack f scientific prf cncerning their impacts, n ne has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against clud-seeding cmpanies. Hence, private climate engineering can prceed in relative legal safety.
8. What des the prject aim t d?
A. Cnserve misture in the sil.B. Prevent the frmatin f hailstnes.
C. Frecast disastrus hailstrms.D. Investigate chemical use in farming.
9. Wh are ppsed t the prject?
A. Farmers in east-central Alberta.B. Managers f insurance cmpanies.
C. Prvincial gvernment fficials.D. Residents f Calgary and Edmntn
10. Why des Dr. Dswell mentin the trnades he saw in 1999?
A. T cmpare different kinds f seeding methds.
B. T illustrate the develpment f big hailstrms.
C. T indicate a pssible danger f clud seeding.
D. T shw the link between strms and misture.
11. What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A. Scientific studies have prved Stienwand right.
B. Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada.
C. The dubt abut clud seeding has disappeared.
D. Clud-seeding cmpanies will cntinue t exist.
Passage 6
【2024北京卷】Franz Bas’s descriptin f Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the prbable mral cde f early humans. Here, nrms (规范) were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well understd and taken t heart. Dishnest and vilent behaviurs were disapprved f; leadership, marriage and interactins with ther grups were lsely gverned by traditins. Cnflict was ften reslved in musical battles. Because arguing angrily leads t chas, it was strngly discuraged. With life in the unfrgiving Nrthern Canada being s demanding, the Inuit’s practical apprach t mrality made gd sense.
The similarity f mral virtues acrss cultures is striking, even thugh the relative ranking f the virtues may vary with a scial grup’s histry and envirnment. Typically, cruelty and cheating are discuraged, while cperatin, humbleness and curage are praised. These universal nrms far pre-date the cncept f any mralising religin r written law. Instead, they are rted in the similarity f basic human needs and ur shared mechanisms fr learning and prblem slving. Our scial instincts (本能) include the intense desire t belng. The apprval f thers is rewarding, while their disapprval is strngly disliked. These scial emtins prepare ur brains t shape ur behaviur accrding t the nrms and values f ur family and ur cmmunity. Mre generally, scial instincts mtivate us t learn hw t behave in a scially cmplex wrld.
The mechanism invlves a repurpsed reward system riginally used t develp habits imprtant fr self-care. Our brains use the system t acquire behaviural patterns regarding safe rutes hme, efficient fd gathering and dangers t avid. Gd habits save time, energy and smetimes yur life. Gd scial habits d smething similar in a scial cntext. We learn t tell the truth, even when lying is self-serving; we help a grandparent even when it is incnvenient. We acquire what we call a sense f right and wrng.
Scial benefits are accmpanied by scial demands: we must get alng, but nt put up with t much. Hence self-discipline is advantageus. In humans, a greatly enlarged brain bsts self-cntrl, just as it bsts prblem-slving skills in the scial as well as the physical wrld. These abilities are strengthened by ur capacity fr language, which allws scial practices t develp in extremely unbvius ways.
32. What can be inferred abut the frming f the Inuit’s mral cde?
A. Living cnditins were the drive.B. Unwritten rules were the target.
C. Scial traditin was the basis.D. Hnesty was the key.
33. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. Incnveniences are the cause f telling lies.B. Basic human needs lead t universal nrms.
C. Language capacity is limited by self-cntrl.D. Written laws have great influence n virtues.
34. Which wuld be the best title fr this passage?
A. Virtues: Bridges Acrss CulturesB. The Values f Self-discipline
C. Brains: Walls Against ChasD. The Rts f Mrality
Passage 7
【2024浙江1月卷】The Stanfrd marshmallw (棉花糖) test was riginally cnducted by psychlgist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged fur t six at a nursery schl were placed in a rm. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed n a table. Each child was tld if they waited fr 15 minutes befre eating the treat, they wuld be given a secnd treat. Then they were left alne in the rm. Fllw-up studies with the children later in life shwed a cnnect in between an ability t wait lng enugh t btain a secnd treat and varius frms f success.
As adults we face a versin f the marshmallw test every day. We’ re nt tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by ur cmputers, phnes, and tablets — all the devices that cnnect us t the glbal delivery system fr varius types f infrmatin that d t us what marshmallws d t preschlers.
We are tempted by sugary treats because ur ancestrs lived in a calrie-pr wrld, and ur brains develped a respnse mechanism t these treats that reflected their value — a feeling f reward and satisfactin. But as we’ve reshaped the wrld arund us, dramatically reducing the cst and effrt invlved in btaining calries, we still have the same brains we had thusands f years ag, and this mismatch is at the heart f why s many f us struggle t resist tempting fds that we knw we shuldn’t eat.
A similar prcess is at wrk in ur respnse t infrmatin. Our frmative envirnment as a species was infrmatin-pr, s ur brains develped a mechanism that prized new infrmatin. But glbal cnnectivity has greatly changed ur infrmatin envirnment. We are nw ceaselessly bmbarded (轰炸) with new infrmatin. Therefre, just as we need t be mre thughtful abut ur calric cnsumptin, we als need t be mre thughtful abut ur infrmatin cnsumptin, resisting the temptatin f the mental “junk fd” in rder t manage ur time mst effectively.
12. What did the children need t d t get a secnd treat in Mischel’s test?
A. Take an examinatin alne.B. Shw respect fr the researchers.
C. Share their treats with thers.D. Delay eating fr fifteen minutes.
13. Accrding t paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between ___________.
A. the calrie-pr wrld and ur gd appetites
B. the shrtage f sugar and ur nutritinal needs
C. the rich fd supply and ur unchanged brains
D. the tempting fds and ur effrts t keep fit
14. What des the authr suggest readers d?
A. Absrb new infrmatin readily.B. Be selective infrmatin cnsumers.
C. Use diverse infrmatin surces.D. Prtect the infrmatin envirnment.
15. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Eat Less, Read MreB. The Bitter Truth abut Early Humans
C. The Later, the BetterD. The Marshmallw Test fr Grwnups
2023年
Passage 1
【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism, including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks, and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu.
T d s, I divided the bk int tw parts. In part ne, I describe the philsphical fundatins f digital minimalism, starting with an examinatin f the frces that are making s many peple’s digital lives increasingly intlerable, befre mving n t a detailed discussin f the digital minimalism philsphy.
Part ne cncludes by intrducing my suggested methd fr adpting this philsphy: the digital declutter. This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value.
In the final chapter f part ne, I’ll guide yu thrugh carrying ut yur wn digital declutter. In ding s, I’ll draw n an experiment I ran in 2018 in which ver 1,600 peple agreed t perfrm a digital declutter. Yu’ll hear these participants’ stries and learn what strategies wrked well fr them, and what traps they encuntered that yu shuld avid.
The secnd part f this bk takes a clser lk at sme ideas that will help yu cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the imprtance f slitude (独处) and the necessity f cultivating high-quality leisure t replace the time mst nw spend n mindless device use. Each chapter cncludes with a cllectin f practices, which are designed t help yu act n the big ideas f the chapter. Yu can view these practices as a tlbx meant t aid yur effrts t build a minimalist lifestyle that wrds fr yur particular circumstances.
8. What is the bk aimed at?
A. Teaching critical thinking skills.B. Advcating a simple digital lifestyle.
C. Slving philsphical prblems.D. Prmting the use f a digital device.
9. What des the underlined wrd “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Clear-up.B. Add-n.C. Check-in.D. Take-ver.
10. What is presented in the final chapter f part ne?
A. Theretical mdels.B. Statistical methds.
C. Practical examples.D. Histrical analyses.
11. What des the authr suggest readers d with the practices ffered in part tw?
A. Use them as needed.B. Recmmend them t friends.
C. Evaluate their effects.D. Identify the ideas behind them.
Passage 2
【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galtn published a paper which illustrated what has cme t be knwn as the “wisdm f crwds” effect. The experiment f estimatin he cnducted shwed that in sme cases, the average f a large number f independent estimates culd be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren’t always the same. Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and sme t underestimate. When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate. If peple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrs wn’t cancel each ther ut. In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. If fr whatever reasns, peple’s errrs becme crrelated r dependent, the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn.
But a new study led by Jaquin Navajas ffered an interesting twist (转折) n this classic phenmenn. The key finding f the study was that when crwds were further divided int smaller grups that were allwed t have a discussin, the averages frm these grups were mre accurate than thse frm an equal number f independent individuals. Fr instance, the average btained frm the estimates f fur discussin grups f five was significantly mre accurate than the average btained frm 20 independent individuals.
In a fllw-up study with 100 university students the researchers tried t get a better sense f what the grup members actually did in their discussin. Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abut their estimates? Did they fllw thse least willing t change their minds? This happened sme f the time, but it wasn’t the dminant respnse. Mst frequently, the grups reprted that they “shared arguments and reasned tgether.” Smehw, these arguments and reasning resulted in a glbal reductin in errr. Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus.
12. What is paragraph 2 f the text mainly abut?
A. The methds f estimatin.B. The underlying lgic f the effect.
C. The causes f peple’s errrs.D. The design f Galtn’s experiment.
13. Navajas’ study fund that the average accuracy culd increase even if ________.
A. the crwds were relatively smallB. there were ccasinal underestimates
C. individuals did nt cmmunicateD. estimates were nt fully independent
14. What did the fllw-up study fcus n?
A. The size f the grups.B. The dminant members.
C. The discussin prcess.D. The individual estimates.
15. What is the authr’s attitude tward Navajas’ studies?
A. Unclear.B. Dismissive.C. Dubtful.D. Apprving.
Passage 3
【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject — the bk, represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld. The image f the reader appears thrughut histry, in art made lng befre bks as we nw knw them came int being. In artists’ representatins f bks and reading, we see mments f shared humanity that g beynd culture and time.
In this “bk f bks,” artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl, with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins. Adults are prtrayed (描绘) alne in many settings and pses —absrbed in a vlume, deep in thught r lst in a mment f leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds f years ag, but they recrd mments we can all relate t.
Bks themselves may be used symblically in paintings t demnstrate the intellect (才智), wealth r faith f the subject. Befre the wide use f the printing press, bks were treasured bjects and culd be wrks f art in their wn right. Mre recently, as bks have becme inexpensive r even thrwaway, artists have used them as the raw material fr artwrks — transfrming cvers, pages r even cmplete vlumes int paintings and sculptures.
Cntinued develpments in cmmunicatin technlgies were nce believed t make the printed page utdated. Frm a 21st-century pint f view, the printed bk is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-pwered e-reader. T serve its functin, a bk must be activated by a user: the cver pened, the pages parted, the cntents reviewed, perhaps ntes written dwn r wrds underlined. And in cntrast t ur increasingly netwrked lives where the infrmatin we cnsume is mnitred and tracked, a printed bk still ffers the chance f a whlly private, “ff-line” activity.
8. Where is the text mst prbably taken frm?
A. An intrductin t a bk.B. An essay n the art f writing.
C. A guidebk t a museum.D. A review f mdern paintings.
9. What are the selected artwrks abut?
A. Wealth and intellect.B. Hme and schl.
C. Bks and reading.D. Wrk and leisure.
10. What d the underlined wrds “relate t” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Understand.B. Paint.
C. Seize.D. Transfrm.
11. What des the authr want t say by mentining the e-reader?
A. The printed bk is nt ttally ut f date.
B. Technlgy has changed the way we read.
C. Our lives in the 21st century are netwrked.
D. Peple nw rarely have the patience t read.
Passage 4
【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】As cities balln with grwth, access t nature fr peple living in urban areas is becming harder t find. If yu’re lucky, there might be a pcket park near where yu live, but it’s unusual t find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has fund health and wellness benefits f nature fr humans, but a new study shws that wildness in urban areas is extremely imprtant fr human well-being.
The research team fcused n a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-gers, asking them t submit a written summary nline f a meaningful interactin they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissins, cding (编码) experiences int different categries. Fr example, ne participant’s experience f “We sat and listened t the waves at the beach fr a while” was assigned the categries “sitting at beach” and “listening t waves.”
Acrss the 320 submissins, a pattern f categries the researchers call a “nature language” began t emerge. After the cding f all submissins, half a dzen categries were nted mst ften as imprtant t visitrs. These include encuntering wildlife, walking alng the edge f water, and fllwing an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps peple recgnize and take part in the activities that are mst satisfying and meaningful t them. Fr example, the experience f walking alng the edge f water might be satisfying fr a yung prfessinal n a weekend hike in the park. Back dwntwn during a wrkday, they can enjy a mre dmestic frm f this interactin by walking alng a funtain n their lunch break.
“We’re trying t generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactins back int ur daily lives. And fr that t happen, we als need t prtect nature s that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senir authr f the study.
12. What phenmenn des the authr describe at the beginning f the text?
A. Pcket parks are nw ppular.B. Wild nature is hard t find in cities.
C. Many cities are verppulated.D. Peple enjy living clse t nature.
13. Why did the researchers cde participant submissins int categries?
A. T cmpare different types f park-gers.B. T explain why the park attracts turists.
C. T analyze the main features f the park.D. T find patterns in the visitrs’ summaries.
14. What can we learn frm the example given in paragraph 5?
A. Walking is the best way t gain access t nature.
B. Yung peple are t busy t interact with nature.
C. The same nature experience takes different frms.
D. The nature language enhances wrk perfrmance.
15. What shuld be dne befre we can interact with nature accrding t Kahn?
A. Language study.B. Envirnmental cnservatin.
C. Public educatin.D. Intercultural cmmunicatin.
Passage 5
【2023年全国乙卷】What cmes int yur mind when yu think f British fd? Prbably fish and chips, r a Sunday dinner f meat and tw vegetables. But is British fd really s uninteresting? Even thugh Britain has a reputatin fr less-than-impressive cuisine, it is prducing mre tp class chefs wh appear frequently n ur televisin screens and whse recipe bks frequently tp the best seller lists.
It’s thanks t these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britns are turning away frm meat-and-tw-veg and ready-made meals and becming mre adventurus in their cking habits. It is recently reprted that the number f thse sticking t a traditinal diet is slwly declining and arund half f Britain’s cnsumers wuld like t change r imprve their cking in sme way. There has been a rise in the number f students applying fr fd curses at UK universities and clleges. It seems that TV prgrammes have helped change what peple think abut cking.
Accrding t a new study frm market analysts, 1 in 5 Britns say that watching ckery prgrammes n TV has encuraged them t try different fd. Almst ne third say they nw use a wider variety f ingredients (配料) than they used t, and just under 1 in 4 say they nw buy better quality ingredients than befre. One in fur adults say that TV chefs have made them much mre cnfident abut expanding their ckery knwledge and skills, and yung peple are als getting mre interested in cking. The UK’s bsessin (痴迷) with fd is reflected thrugh televisin scheduling. Ckery shws and dcumentaries abut fd are bradcast mre ften than befre. With an increasing number f male chefs n TV, it’s n lnger “uncl” fr bys t like cking.
8. What d peple usually think f British fd?
A. It is simple and plain.B. It is rich in nutritin.
C. It lacks authentic tastes.D. It deserves a high reputatin.
9. Which best describes ckery prgramme n British TV?
A. Authritative.B. Creative.C. Prfitable.D. Influential.
10. Which is the percentage f the peple using mre diverse ingredients nw?
A. 20%.B. 24%.C. 25%.D. 33%.
11. What might the authr cntinue talking abut?
A. The art f cking in ther cuntries.B. Male chefs n TV prgrammes.
C. Table manners in the UK.D. Studies f big eaters.
Passage 6
【2023年全国甲卷】Grizzly bears, which may grw t abut 2.5 m lng and weigh ver 400 kg, ccupy a cnflicted crner f the American psyche — we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the turists frm arund the wrld that fld int Yellwstne Natinal Park what they mst hpe t see, and their answer is ften the same: a grizzly bear.
“Grizzly bears are re-ccupying large areas f their frmer range,” says bear bilgist Chris Servheen. As grizzly bears expand their range int places where they haven’t been seen in a century r mre, they’re increasingly being sighted by humans.
The western half f the U.S. was full f grizzlies when Eurpeans came, with a rugh number f 50,000 r mre living alngside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after centuries f cruel and cntinuus hunting by settlers, 600 t 800 grizzlies remained n a mere 2 percent f their frmer range in the Nrthern Rckies. In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.
Tday, there are abut 2,000 r mre grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recvery has been s successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted t de-list grizzlies, which wuld lsen legal prtectins and allw them t be hunted. Bth effrts were verturned due t lawsuits frm cnservatin grups. Fr nw, grizzlies remain listed.
Obviusly, if precautins (预防) aren’t taken, grizzlies can becme trublesme, smetimes killing farm animals r walking thrugh yards in search f fd. If peple remve fd and attractants frm their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by withut truble. Putting electric fencing arund chicken huses and ther farm animal quarters is als highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hpe is t have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass thrugh withut learning bad habits,” says James Jnkel, lngtime bilgist wh manages bears in and arund Missula.
32. Hw d Americans lk at grizzlies?
A. They cause mixed feelings in peple.
B. They shuld be kept in natinal parks.
C. They are f high scientific value.
D. They are a symbl f American culture.
33. What has helped the increase f the grizzly ppulatin?
A The Eurpean settlers’ behavir.
B. The expansin f bears’ range.
C. The prtectin by law since 1975.
D. The supprt f Native Americans.
34. What has stpped the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service frm de-listing grizzlies?
A. The ppsitin f cnservatin grups.
B. The successful cmeback f grizzlies.
C. The vice f the bilgists.
D. The lcal farmers’ advcates.
35. What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A. Fd shuld be prvided fr grizzlies.
B. Peple can live in harmny with grizzlies.
C. A special path shuld be built fr grizzlies.
D. Technlgy can be intrduced t prtect grizzlies.
Passage 7
【2023年北京卷】In recent years, researchers frm diverse fields have agreed that shrt-termism is nw a significant prblem in industrialised scieties. The inability t engage with lnger-term causes and cnsequences leads t sme f the wrld’s mst serius prblems: climate change, bidiversity cllapse, and mre. The histrian Francis Cle argues that the West has entered a perid where “nly the present exists, a present characterised at nce by the cruelty f the instant and by the bredm f an unending nw”.
It has been prved that peple have a bias (偏向) twards the present, fcusing n lud attractins in the mment at the expense f the health, well-being and financial stability f their future selves r cmmunity. In business, this bias surfaces as shrt-sighted decisins. And n slw-burning prblems like climate change, it translates int the unwillingness t make small sacrifices (牺牲) tday that culd make a majr difference tmrrw. Instead, all that matters is next quarter’s prfit, r satisfying sme ther near-term desires.
These biased perspectives cannt be blamed n ne single cause. It is fair t say, thugh, that ur psychlgical biases play a majr rle. Peple’s hesitancy t delay satisfactin is the mst bvius example, but there are thers.One f them is abut hw the mst accessible infrmatin in the present affects decisins abut the future. Fr instance, yu might hear smene say: “It’s cld this winter, s I needn’t wrry abut glbal warming.”Anther is that lud and urgent matters are given t much imprtance, making peple ignre lnger-term trends that arguably matter mre. This is when a pp star draws far mre attentin than, say, gradual bidiversity decline.
As a psychlgist nce jked, if aliens (外星人) wanted t weaken humanity, they wuldn’t send ships; they wuld invent climate change. Indeed, when it cmes t envirnmental transfrmatins, we can develp a frm f cllective “pr memry”, and each new generatin can believe the state f affairs they encunter is nthing ut f the rdinary. Older peple tday, fr example, can remember a time with insect-cvered car windscreens after lng drives. Children, n the ther hand, have n idea that insect ppulatin has drpped dramatically.
28. The authr qutes Francis Cle mainly t ________.
A. draw a cmparisn
B. intrduce a tpic
C. evaluate a statement
D. highlight a prblem
29. What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A. Climate change has been frgtten.
B. Lessns f histry are highly valued.
C. The human mind is bad at nting slw change.
D. Humans are unwilling t admit their shrtcmings.
30. What des the authr intend t tell us?
A. Far-sighted thinking matters t humans.
B. Humans tend t make lng-term sacrifices.
C. Current plicies facilitate future decisin-making.
D. Bias twards the present helps reduce near-term desires.
Passage 8
【2023年北京卷】What is life? Like mst great questins this ne is easy t ask but difficult t answer. The reasn is simple: we knw f just ne type f life and it’s challenging t d science with a sample size f ne. The field f artificial life-called ALife fr shrt — is the systematic attempt t spell ut life’s fundamental principles. Many f these practitiners, s-called ALifers, think that smehw making life is the surest way t really understand what life is.
S far n ne has cnvincingly made artificial life. This track recrd makes ALife a ripe target fr criticism, such as declaratins f the field’s dubtful scientific value. Alan Smith, a cmplexity scientist, is tired f such cmplaints. Asking abut “the pint” f ALife might be, well, missing the pint entirely, he says. “The existence f a living system is nt abut the use f anything.” Alan says. “Sme peple ask me, ‘S what’s the wrth f artificial life?’ D yu ever think, ‘What is the wrth f yur grandmther?’”
As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research’s applicatins, the attempts t create artificial life culd have practical payffs. Artificial intelligence may be cnsidered ALife’s cusin in that researchers in bth fields are enamred by a cncept called pen-ended evlutin (演化). This is the capacity fr a system t create essentially endless cmplexity, t be a srt f “nvelty generatr”. The nly system knwn t exhibit this is Earth’s bisphere. If the field f ALife manages t reprduce life’s endless “creativity” in sme virtual mdel, thse same principles culd give rise t truly inventive machines.
Cmpared with the develpments f Al, advances in ALife are harder t recgnize. One reasn is that ALife is a field in which the central cncept — life itself — is undefined. The lack f agreement amng ALifers desn’t help either. The result is a diverse line f prjects that each advance alng their unique paths. Fr better r wrse, ALife mirrrs the very subject it studies. Its muddled (混乱的) prgressin is a striking parallel (平行线) t the evlutinary struggles that have shaped Earth bisphere.
Undefined and uncntrlled, ALife drives its fllwers t repurpse ld ideas and generated nvelty. It may be, f curse, that these characteristics aren’t in any way surprising r singular. They may apply universally t all acts f evlutin. Ultimately ALife may be nthing special. But even this dismissal suggests smething：perhaps, just like life itself thrughut the universe, the rise f ALife will prve unavidable.
31. Regarding Alan Smith’s defence f ALife, the authr is .
A. supprtiveB. puzzledC. uncncernedD. dubtful
32. What des the wrd “enamred” underlined in Paragraph 3 mst prbably mean?
A. Shcked.B. Prtected.C. Attracted.D. Challenged.
33. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. ALife hlds the key t human future.B. ALife and AI share a cmmn feature.
C. AI mirrrs the develpments f ALife.D. AI speeds up the prcess f human evlutin.
34. Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Life Is Undefined. Can AI Be a Way Out?
B. Life Evlves. Can AI Help ALife Evlve, T?
C. Life Is Undefined. Can ALife Be Defined One Day?
D. Life Evlves. Can Attempts t Create ALife Evlve, T?
Passage 9
【2023年浙江1月卷】Accrding t the Slar Energy Industry Assciatin, the number f slar panels installed(安装)has grwn rapidly in the past decade, and it has t grw even faster t meet climate gals. But all f that grwth will take up a lt f space, and thugh mre and mre peple accept the cncept f slar energy, few like large slar panels t be installed near them.
Slar develpers want t put up panels as quickly and cheaply as pssible, s they haven’t given much thught t what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stnes and using chemicals t cntrl weeds. The result is that many cmmunities, especially in farming regins, see slar farms as destryers f the sil.
“Slar prjects need t be gd neighbrs,” says Jrdan Macknick, the head f the Innvative Site Preparatin and Impact Reductins n the Envirnment(InSPIRE)prject. “They need t be prtectrs f the land and cntribute t the agricultural ecnmy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical appraches t “lw-impact” slar develpment, which fcuses n establishing and perating slar farms in a way that is kinder t the land. One f the easiest lw-impact slar strategies is prviding habitat fr pllinatrs(传粉昆虫).
Habitat lss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pllinatr ppulatins ver the past cuple f decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural ecnmy. Over 28 states have passed laws related t pllinatr habitat prtectin and pesticide use. Cnservatin rganizatins put ut pllinatr-friendliness guidelines fr hme gardens, businesses, schls, cities—and nw there are guidelines fr slar farms.
Over the past few years, many slar farm develpers have transfrmed the space under their slar panels int a shelter fr varius kinds f pllinatrs, resulting in sil imprvement and carbn reductin. “These pllinatr-friendly slar farms can have a valuable impact n everything that’s ging n in the landscape,” says Macknick.
32．What d slar develpers ften ignre?
A．The decline in the demand fr slar energy.
B．The negative impact f installing slar panels.
C．The rising labr cst f building slar farms.
D．The mst recent advances in slar technlgy.
33．What des InSPIRE aim t d?
A．Imprve the prductivity f lcal farms.
B．Invent new methds fr cntrlling weeds.
C．Make slar prjects envirnmentally friendly.
D．Prmte the use f slar energy in rural areas.
34．What is the purpse f the laws mentined in paragraph 4?
A．T cnserve pllinatrs.B．T restrict slar develpment.
C．T diversify the ecnmy.D．T ensure the supply f energy.
35．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Pllinatrs: T Leave r t StayB．Slar Energy: Hpe fr the Future
C．InSPIRE: A Leader in AgricultureD．Slar Farms: A New Develpment