高考英语二轮-阅读理解之说明文讲练测（5年高考真题8篇+1年江苏名校模拟20篇）学生版

这是一份高考英语二轮-阅读理解之说明文讲练测（5年高考真题8篇+1年江苏名校模拟20篇）学生版，共42页。
（5年高考真题8篇+1年江苏名校模拟20篇）原卷版
目录
5年高考真题细目 1
满分作答解题妙招 2
5年高考真题演练8篇 5
1年江苏名校模拟20篇 12
技能专区：冲刺备考名师提醒，洞悉高考命题规律，提供高效提分干货
5年高考真题考点细目
说明文满分作答解题妙招
一、命题特点
1. 选材特点
文章主要源自主流杂志、报刊、网站等，通常是关于各学科的前沿问题，如自然科学类、前沿科技发明类和医疗卫生类；高科技领域的最新科研成果；人们比较关心的生态环境问题；涉及到太空、生物、心理、考古等领域话题。
2. 语篇结构
特点科普类说明文文章结构清晰，通常开门见山，直奔主题。文章基本可以分为两大类：事物性科普说明文和事理性科普说明文。两类文章，通常都比较客观、准确地介绍一个新产品、前沿技术的功能、用途、材料、优缺点、市场前景等，或者说明某个科学道理、科学现象或科学观点，目的是帮助读者明白“为什么是这样”。
事物说明文一般会以实验的过程进展为线索，多用描述法、问题与对策法等方法，通过列数据、作对比等来说明新的科学研究发现及其产生的影响；事物说明文通常是介绍一种新产品、新技术，更多运用描述法从功能、用途、材料和市场前景等方面进行介绍。
3. 设题特点
就语言来说，科普说明文通常篇幅较长，用词地道，专业性强，语言正式，且逻辑性强，句式结构相对复杂。这就需要考生具备扎实的词汇量和坚实的语法基础，且具备一定的科普相关知识，并能够理解分析长难句。
4. 命题热点
科普类说明文主要考查在把握文章核心主旨的基础上对文章内容的深层理解。提问形式为：What d yu knw frm the passage?
标题判断题、文章或段落主旨题也较为常见，考查对文章或段落主旨的理解，主要提问形式为：What is a suitable title fr the text?
其次，科普说明文往往揭示自然奥秘、动植物生存特点、产品工艺原理以及最新科学技术进步，文中易出现一些学术性较强的生词，因此常出现词义猜测题，提问形式为：What des the underlined wrd/phrase…in paragraph…mean/refer t?
5.语篇模式
二、说明方法
1. 罗列法（listing）
在文章开始时提出需要说明的东西和观点，然后常用first，secnd，…and finally加以罗列说明。罗列法广泛地使用于各类指导性的说明文之中。罗列法经常用下列句式展开段落，我们可以注意模仿学习： There are several gd reasns why we shuld learn a freign language. First f all， …Secndly， …And finally， …We shuld try ur best t plant mre trees fr several gd reasns First f all， …Secndly， …And finally，必须指出的是，有时罗列法并不一定有明确的first， secnd…等词，但文章还是以罗列论据展开的。
2. 举例法（examples）
举例法是用具体的例子来说明我们要表达的意思，常用fr example， fr instance， still anther example is…等词语引出，举例法和罗列法有时可以结合使用：即用罗列法来列出例子，用例子充实罗列的说明。
3. 比较法（cmparisn and cntrast）
比较法是对两个对象进行比较，从而进行说明的写作手法。比较法又可细分为比较相同点（cmparisn）和比较不同点（cntrast）两种方法。在比较相同点的时候，常用到similarly，als，t，in the same case，in spite f the difference等这样的词语。hwever，n the ther hand，in cntrast，but，nevertheless等表示转折的词语常用来引导对不同点的比较。
4. 定义法（definitin）
定义法也是英语说明文中常用的写作手法，特别是在对具体事物概念进行说明时经常使用。定义法的基本要素是定义句。英语中常见定义句的模式是 被定义对象is所属类别+限制性定语。比如A bat is a small muse-like animal that flies at night and feeds n（以…为食品）fruit and insects but is nt a bird.
5. 顺序法（sequence f time，space and prcess）
顺序法是指按时间、空间或过程的顺序进行说明的一种写作手法。比如按照时间顺序介绍一个科学家的生平，用空间顺序阐述逐渐开发西部的重要意义，用过程顺序法解释葡萄酒的生产过程等等。
6. 分类法（classificatin）
分类法是将写作对象进行分类说明的一种写作手法。
Sme bks are t be tasted， thers t be swallwed， and sme few t be chewed and digested, that is, sme bks are t be read nly in parts， thers t be read， but nt curiusly，and sme few t be read whlly, and with diligence and attentin. Sme bks als may be read by deputy, and extracts made f them by thers; but that wuld be nly in the less imprtant arguments, and the meaner srt f bks…
二、解题策略
1. 利用语篇结构，概括全文主旨大意，明晰写作意图
科普说明文主题鲜明、脉络清晰，行文结构模式比较固定，梳理文本结构有助于把握文章主旨。学生在阅读时，可以首先用略读法快速浏览每段的首尾句，分析文本结构，然后根据作者谋篇布局的逻辑线索归纳主旨大意。在做主旨大意、写作意图和最佳标题等题目时，需要重点关注首尾段落里面高频复现的词汇和内容。文章导语、主体和结尾是有机整体，解题时要综合起来进行判断。
2. 利用文中语境线索，分析长难句，进行逻辑推理判断
科普说明文往往专业术语较多、句式较复杂，且经常采用举例、对比、列数据、引用权威人士观点等方法进行说明。设题形式上，主要侧重考查深层理解和推理判断、猜测生词含义以及代词指代等。如果句子成分复杂、有生词，学生不要退缩，抓住行文逻辑的标志词，分析句子结构，厘清主句和分句或非谓语动词之间的关系，蹭蹭剖析，就能明晰句意，进行合理判断。
3. 谙熟选项设置规律，对比原文，去伪存真
高考作为一个成熟的考试体系，在选项设置上有章可循。正确选择一般为文中内容的“同义替换”或者“归纳概括”。而干扰项分为“张冠李戴”、“偷梁换柱”、“无中生有”和“以偏概全”四种类型。因此，仔细辨析选项，对比选项间的差异，甄别选项与原文的异同，会对同学们选出正确答案大有帮助。
三、说明文实用答题妙招
1.阅读理解说明文深层理解解题居多，落实“题文同序”和“同义替换”。
2.推理判断题注重“源于文章，高于文章”，弄清来龙去脉再推断。
3主旨大意题要关注文章的结构，尤其是“首段”和“段首”及关键词。
4.遵循“倒金字塔”模式，重视首尾段照应和首段概括引领作用。
5.满分策略：读题干→找原文→做标记→留痕迹→看选项→扣字眼。
5年高考真题演练
真题专区：练真题，明方向；练技巧，提能力；练速度，提分数！
真题演练01 (2024新课标I卷) D篇
In the race t dcument the species n Earth befre they g extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have cllected billins f recrds. Tday, mst recrds f bidiversity are ften in the frm f phts, vides, and ther digital recrds. Thugh they are useful fr detecting shifts in the number and variety f species in an area, a new Stanfrd study has fund that this type f recrd is nt perfect.
“With the rise f technlgy it is easy fr peple t make bservatins f different species with the aid f a mbile applicatin,” said Barnabas Daru, wh is lead authr f the study and assistant prfessr f bilgy in the Stanfrd Schl f Humanities and Sciences. “These bservatins nw utnumber the primary data that cmes frm physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using bservatinal data t investigate hw species are respnding t glbal change, I wanted t knw: Are they usable?”
Using a glbal dataset f 1.9 billin recrds f plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested hw well these data represent actual glbal bidiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in explring the aspects f sampling that tend t bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihd f a citizen scientist t take a picture f a flwering plant instead f the grass right next t it,” said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number f bservatin-nly recrds did nt lead t better glbal cverage. Mrever, these data are biased and favr certain regins, time perids, and species. This makes sense because the peple wh get bservatinal bidiversity data n mbile devices are ften citizen scientists recrding their encunters with species in areas nearby. These data are als biased tward certain species with attractive r eye-catching features.
What can we d with the imperfect datasets f bidiversity?
“Quite a lt,” Daru explained. “Bidiversity apps can use ur study results t infrm users f versampled areas and lead them t places – and even species – that are nt well-sampled. T imprve the quality f bservatinal data, bidiversity apps can als encurage users t have an expert cnfirm the identificatin f their upladed image.”
32. What d we knw abut the recrds f species cllected nw?
A. They are becming utdated.B. They are mstly in electrnic frm.
C. They are limited in number.D. They are used fr public exhibitin.
33. What des Daru’s study fcus n?
A. Threatened species.B. Physical specimens.
C. Observatinal data.D. Mbile applicatins.
34. What has led t the biases accrding t the study?
A. Mistakes in data analysis.B. Pr quality f upladed pictures.
C. Imprper way f sampling.D. Unreliable data cllectin devices.
35. What is Daru’s suggestin fr bidiversity apps?
A. Review data frm certain areas. B. Hire experts t check the recrds.
C. Cnfirm the identity f the users.D. Give guidance t citizen scientists.
真题演练02 (2023新课标I卷) C篇
The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism, including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks, and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu.
T d s, I divided the bk int tw parts. In part ne, I describe the philsphical fundatins f digital minimalism, starting with an examinatin f the frces that are making s many peple’s digital lives increasingly intlerable, befre mving n t a detailed discussin f the digital minimalism philsphy.
Part ne cncludes by intrducing my suggested methd fr adpting this philsphy: the digital declutter. This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value.
In the final chapter f part ne, I’ll guide yu thrugh carrying ut yur wn digital declutter. In ding s, I’ll draw n an experiment I ran in 2018 in which ver 1,600 peple agreed t perfrm a digital declutter. Yu’ll hear these participants’ stries and learn what strategies wrked well fr them, and what traps they encuntered that yu shuld avid.
The secnd part f this bk takes a clser lk at sme ideas that will help yu cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the imprtance f slitude (独处) and the necessity f cultivating high-quality leisure t replace the time mst nw spend n mindless device use. Each chapter cncludes with a cllectin f practices, which are designed t help yu act n the big ideas f the chapter. Yu can view these practices as a tlbx meant t aid yur effrts t build a minimalist lifestyle that wrds fr yur particular circumstances.
28. What is the bk aimed at?
A. Teaching critical thinking skills.B. Advcating a simple digital lifestyle.
C. Slving philsphical prblems.D. Prmting the use f a digital device.
29. What des the underlined wrd “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Clear-up.B. Add-n.C. Check-in.D. Take-ver.
30. What is presented in the final chapter f part ne?
A. Theretical mdels.B. Statistical methds.
C. Practical examples.D. Histrical analyses.
31. What des the authr suggest readers d with the practices ffered in part tw?
A. Use them as needed.B. Recmmend them t friends.
C. Evaluate their effects.D. Identify the ideas behind them.
真题演练03 (2023新课标I卷) D篇
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galtn published a paper which illustrated what has cme t be knwn as the “wisdm f crwds” effect. The experiment f estimatin he cnducted shwed that in sme cases, the average f a large number f independent estimates culd be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren’t always the same. Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and sme t underestimate. When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate. If peple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrs wn’t cancel each ther ut. In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. If fr whatever reasns, peple’s errrs becme crrelated r dependent, the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn.
But a new study led by Jaquin Navajas ffered an interesting twist (转折) n this classic phenmenn. The key finding f the study was that when crwds were further divided int smaller grups that were allwed t have a discussin, the averages frm these grups were mre accurate than thse frm an equal number f independent individuals. Fr instance, the average btained frm the estimates f fur discussin grups f five was significantly mre accurate than the average btained frm 20 independent individuals.
In a fllw-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried t get a better sense f what the grup members actually did in their discussin. Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abut their estimates? Did they fllw thse least willing t change their minds? This happened sme f the time, but it wasn’t the dminant respnse. Mst frequently, the grups reprted that they “shared arguments and reasned tgether.” Smehw, these arguments and reasning resulted in a glbal reductin in errr. Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins many questins remain the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus.
32. What is paragraph 2 f the text mainly abut?
A. The methds f estimatin.B. The underlying lgic f the effect.
C. The causes f peple’s errrs.D. The design f Galtn’s experiment.
33. Navajas’ study fund that the average accuracy culd increase even if ________.
A. the crwds were relatively smallB. there were ccasinal underestimates
C. individuals did nt cmmunicateD. estimates were nt fully independent
34. What did the fllw-up study fcus n?
A. The size f the grups.B. The dminant members.
C. The discussin prcess.D. The individual estimates.
35. What is the authr’s attitude tward Navajas’ studies?
A. Unclear.B. Dismissive.C. Dubtful.D. Apprving.
真题演练04 (2022新课标I卷) B篇
Like mst f us, I try t be mindful f fd that ges t waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was t make a nice green salad, runding ut a rast chicken dinner. But I ended up wrking late. Then friends called with a dinner invitatin. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even wrse, I had unthinkingly bught way t much; I culd have made six salads with what I threw ut.
In a wrld where nearly 800 millin peple a year g hungry, “fd waste ges against the mral grain,” as Elizabeth Ryte writes in this mnth’s cver stry. It’s jaw-drpping hw much perfectly gd fd is thrwn away — frm “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grcers t large amunts f uneaten dishes thrwn int restaurant garbage cans.
Prducing fd that n ne eats wastes the water, fuel, and ther resurces used t grw it. That makes fd waste an envirnmental prblem. In fact, Ryte writes, “if fd waste were a cuntry, it wuld be the third largest prducer f greenhuse gases in the wrld.”
If that’s hard t understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back f my refrigeratr. Mike Curtin sees my arugula stry all the time — but fr him, it's mre like 12 bnes f dnated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO f DC Central Kitchen in Washingtn, D.C., which recvers fd and turns it int healthy meals. Last year it recvered mre than 807,500 punds f fd by taking dnatins and cllecting blemished (有瑕疵的) prduce that therwise wuld have rtted in fields. And the strawberries? Vlunteers will wash, cut, and freeze r dry them fr use in meals dwn the rad.
Such methds seem bvius, yet s ften we just dn’t think. “Everyne can play a part in reducing waste, whether by nt purchasing mre fd than necessary in yur weekly shpping r by asking restaurants t nt include the side dish yu wn’t eat,” Curtin says.
24. What des the authr want t shw by telling the arugula stry?
A. We pay little attentin t fd waste.
B. We waste fd unintentinally at times.
C. We waste mre vegetables than meat.
D. We have gd reasns fr wasting fd.
25. What is a cnsequence f fd waste accrding t the test?
A. Mral decline.B. Envirnmental harm.
C. Energy shrtage.D. Wrldwide starvatin.
26. What des Curtin’s cmpany d?
A. It prduces kitchen equipment.
B. It turns rtten arugula int clean fuel.
C. It helps lcal farmers grw fruits.
D. It makes meals ut f unwanted fd.
27. What des Curtin suggest peple d?
A. Buy nly what is needed.B. Reduce fd cnsumptin.
C. G shpping nce a week.D. Eat in restaurants less ften.
真题演练05 (2022新课标I卷) C篇
The elderly residents (居民) in care hmes in Lndn are being given hens t lk after t stp them feeling lnely.
The prject was dreamed up by a lcal charity (慈善组织) t reduce lneliness and imprve elderly peple’s wellbeing, It is als being used t help patients suffering dementia, a serius illness f the mind. Staff in care hmes have reprted a reductin in the use f medicine where hens are in use.
Amng thse taking part in the prject is 80-year-ld Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used t keep hens when I was yunger and had t prepare their breakfast each mrning befre I went t schl. ”
“I like the prject a lt. I am dwn there in my wheelchair in the mrning letting the hens ut and dwn there again at night t see they’ve gne t bed.”
“It’s gd t have a different fcus. Peple have been bringing their children in t see the hens and residents cme and sit utside t watch them. I’m enjying the creative activities, and it feels great t have dne smething useful.”
There are nw 700 elderly peple lking after hens in 20 care hmes in the Nrth East, and the charity has been given financial supprt t rll it ut cuntrywide.
Wendy Wilsn, extra care manager at 60 Penfld Street, ne f the first t embark n the prject, said: “Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here.”
Lynn Lewis, directr f Ntting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy t be taking part in the prject. It will really help cnnect ur residents thrugh a shared interest and creative activities.”
28. What is the purpse f the prject?
A. T ensure harmny in care hmes.
B. T prvide part-time jbs fr the aged.
C. T raise mney fr medical research.
D. T prmte the elderly peple’s welfare.
29. Hw has the prject affected Ruth Xavier?
A. She has learned new life skills.
B. She has gained a sense f achievement.
C. She has recvered her memry.
D. She has develped a strng persnality.
30. What d the underlined wrds “embark n” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Imprve.B. Oppse.C. Begin.D. Evaluate.
31. What can we learn abut the prject frm the last tw paragraphs?
A. It is well received.B. It needs t be mre creative.
C. It is highly prfitable.D. It takes ages t see the results.
真题演练06 (2022新课标I卷) D篇
Human speech cntains mre than 2,000 different sunds, frm the cmmn “m” and “a” t the rare clicks f sme suthern African languages. But why are certain sunds mre cmmn than thers? A grund-breaking, five-year study shws that diet-related changes in human bite led t new speech sunds that are nw fund in half the wrld’s languages.
Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals, such as “f” and “v”, were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds. Nw a team f researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland, has fund hw and why this trend arse.
They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard t prduce labidentals, which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth. Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure (结构), making it easier t prduce such sunds.
The team shwed that this change in bite was cnnected with the develpment f agriculture in the Nelithic perid. Fd became easier t chew at this pint. The jawbne didn’t have t d as much wrk and s didn’t grw t be s large.
Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.
This research verturns the ppular view that all human speech sunds were present when human beings evlved arund 300,000 years ag. ”The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,” said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.
32. Which aspect f the human speech sund des Damián Blasi’s research fcus n?
A. Its variety.B. Its distributin.C. Its quantity.D. Its develpment.
33. Why was it difficult fr ancient human adults t prduce labidentals?
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lwer teeth.
B. They culd nt pen and clse their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were nt cnveniently structured.
D. Their lwer frnt teeth were nt large enugh.
34. What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A. Supprting evidence fr the research results.
B. Ptential applicatin f the research findings.
C. A further explanatin f the research methds.
D. A reasnable dubt abut the research prcess.
35. What des Steven Mran say abut the set f human speech sunds?
A. It is key t effective cmmunicatin.
B. It cntributes much t cultural diversity.
C. It is a cmplex and dynamic system.
D. It drives the evlutin f human beings.
真题演练07 (2021新课标I卷) D篇
When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl (水禽) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat (栖息地).
In 1934, with the passage f the Migratry Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly cncerned natin tk firm actin t stp the destructin f migratry (迁徙的) waterfwl and the wetlands s vital t their survival. Under this Act, all waterfwl hunters 16 years f age and ver must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling a plitical cartnist frm Des Mines, Iwa, wh at that time was appinted by President Franklin Rsevelt as Directr f the Bureau f Bilgical Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price t ensure the survival f ur natural resurces.
Abut 98 cents f every duck stamp dllar ges directly int the Migratry Bird Cnservatin Fund t purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fr inclusin int the Natinal Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be prtected and available fr all generatins t cme. Since 1934, better than half a billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat. Little wnder the Federal Duck Stamp Prgram has been called ne f the mst successful cnservatin prgrams ever initiated.
28. What was a cause f the waterfwl ppulatin decline in Nrth America?
A. Lss f wetlands.B. Ppularity f water sprts.
C. Pllutin f rivers.D. Arrival f ther wild animals.
29. What des the underlined wrd “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Acquire.B. Exprt.C. Destry.D. Distribute.
30. What is a direct result f the Act passed in 1934?
A. The stamp price has gne dwn.
B. The migratry birds have flwn away.
C. The hunters have stpped hunting.
D. The gvernment has cllected mney.
31. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A. The Federal Duck Stamp Stry
B. The Natinal Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits f Saving Waterfwl
D. The Histry f Migratry Bird Hunting
真题演练08 (2020新课标I卷) D篇
Accrding t a recent study in the Jurnal f Cnsumer Research, bth the size and cnsumptin habits f ur eating cmpanins can influence ur fd intake. And cntrary t existing research that says yu shuld avid eating with heavier peple wh rder large prtins(份), it's the beanples with big appetites yu really need t avid.
T test the effect f scial influence n eating habits, the researchers cnducted tw experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate wmen were individually invited int a lab t stensibly(表面上)participate in a study abut mvie viewership. Befre the film began, each wman was asked t help herself t a snack. An actr hired by the researchers grabbed her fd first. In her natural state, the actr weighed 105 punds. But in half the cases she wre a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight t 180 punds.
Bth the fat and thin versins f the actr tk a large amunt f fd. The participants fllwed suit, taking mre fd than they nrmally wuld have. Hwever, they tk significantly mre when the actr was thin.
Fr the secnd test, in ne case the thin actr tk tw pieces f candy frm the snack bwls. In the ther case, she tk 30 pieces. The results were similar t the first test: the participants fllwed suit but tk significantly mre candy when the thin actr tk 30 pieces.
The tests shw that the scial envirnment is extremely influential when we're making decisins. If this fellw participant is ging t eat mre, s will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's having” effect. Hwever, we'll adjust the influence. If an verweight persn is having a large prtin, I'll hld back a bit because I see the results f his eating habits. But if a thin persn eats a lt, I'll fllw suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?
32. What is the recent study mainly abut?
A. Fd safety.B. Mvie viewership.
C. Cnsumer demand.D. Eating behavir.
33. What des the underlined wrd “beanples” in paragraph 1 refer t?
A. Big eaters.B. Overweight persns.
C. Picky eaters.D. Tall thin persns.
34. Why did the researchers hire the actr?
A. T see hw she wuld affect the participants.
B. T test if the participants culd recgnize her.
C. T find ut what she wuld d in the tw tests.
D. T study why she culd keep her weight dwn.
35. On what basis d we “adjust the influence” accrding t the last paragraph?
A. Hw hungry we are.B. Hw slim we want t be.
C Hw we perceive thers.D. Hw we feel abut the fd.
模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练速度，补漏洞，强信心！
1年江苏名校模拟试题
【模拟01】（24-25高三上·江苏盐城·开学考试）Our brains have an “aut- crrect” feature that we use when re- interpreting ambiguus (含混不清的) sunds, accrding t new research. The study sheds light n hw the brain uses infrmatin gathered after the discvering f an initial sund t aid speech cmprehensin. The findings pint t new ways we use infrmatin and cntext t aid in speech cmprehensin.
“What a persn thinks they hear des nt always match the actual signals that reach the ear,” explains lead authr Laura Gwilliams. “This is because the brain re-evaluates the interpretatin f a speech sund at the mment each fllwing speech sund is heard in rder t update interpretatins as necessary,” Gwilliams says.
It’s well knwn that the perceptin f a speech sund is determined by its surrunding cntext — in the frm f wrds, sentences and ther speech sunds. This plays ut in everyday life — when we talk, the actual speech we prduce is ften ambiguus. Fr example, when a friend says she has a “dent (凹痕) ” in her car, yu may hear “tent”. Althugh this kind f ambiguity happens regularly, we, as listeners, are hardly aware f it. “This is because the brain autmatically reslves the ambiguity fr us — it picks an interpretatin and that’s what we perceive t hear, ” explains Gwilliams. “The way the brain des this is by using the surrunding cntext t narrw dwn the pssibilities f what the speaker may mean.”
In the study, the researchers sught t understand hw the brain uses this fllwing infrmatin t adjust ur perceptin f what we initially heard. T d this, they cnducted a series f experiments in which the subjects listened t islated syllables and similarly sunding wrds. Their results prduced three primary findings: The brain’s primary auditry crtex (听觉皮层) is sensitive t hw ambiguus a speech sund is at just 50 millisecnds after the sund’s appearance. The brain “replays” previus speech sunds while interpreting the fllwing nes, suggesting re-evaluatin as the rest f the wrd unflds. The brain makes cmmitments t its “best guess” f hw t interpret the signal after abut half a secnd.
1. What is the study mainly abut?
A. Why sme peple prcess infrmatin faster.
B. Hw brains tell apart useful infrmatin.
C. Hw brains understand unclear wrds.
D. Why peple make unclear sunds.
2. What des the authr want t shw by giving the example in Paragraph 3?
A. Peple are likely t mistake a wrd fr smething familiar.
B. Peple can understand thers even if they mishear a wrd.
C. Peple are mre likely t mishear their friends.
D. It is nrmal fr peple t make unclear sunds.
3. What d we knw abut the unclear wrds in the experiments?
A. They stpped us thinking further.B. They led t misunderstanding.
C. They were nticed instantly.D. They seemed t be useless.
4. What des the underlined part “the signal” in the last paragraph refer t?
A. The fllwing speech sund.B. The unclearly sunding wrd.
C. The similarly sunding wrd.D. The islated syllable.
【模拟02】（24-25高三上·江苏南通·开学考试）Artificial intelligence-pwered medical treatment ptins are n the rise and have the ptential t imprve diagnstic accuracy, but a new study fund that abut almst half f participants wuld chse a human dctr rather than AI fr diagnsis and treatment.
“While many patients appear resistant t the use f AI, accuracy f infrmatin and a slight push frm physicians may help increase acceptance,” Dr. Slepian mentined the study’s ther primary finding: that a human tuch can help clinical practices use AI t their advantage and earn patients’ trust. “T ensure the benefits f AI are secured in clinical practice, future research n best methds f physician invlvement and patient decisin making is required.”
In the study, participants were asked whether they wuld prefer t have an AI system r a physical dctr fr diagnsis and treatment, and under what circumstances. Researchers cnducted structured interviews with actual patients, testing their reactins t current and future AI technlgies. Then they. plled 2,472 participants acrss diverse ethnic, racial and sciecnmic grups using a blinded, randmized survey.
Overall, participants were almst evenly split, with mre than 52% chsing human dctrs as a preference versus apprximately 47% chsing an AI diagnstic methd. If study participants were infrmed their primary care physicians felt AI was superir, the acceptance f AI by study participants n re-questining increased. This signaled the significance f the human physician in guiding a patient’s decisin.
Disease severity didn’t affect participants’ trust in AI. Cmpared t White participants, Black nes selected AI less ften and Native Americans mre ften. Older participants were less likely t chse it, as were thse wh self-identified as plitically cnservative. These findings suggest differing grups will need specific attentin as t infrming them as t the value and usefulness f AI t enhance diagnses.
“I feel this study will guide many future studies and clinical translatinal decisins even nw,” Dr. Slepian said. “The nus will be n physicians and thers in health care t ensure that infrmatin in AI systems is accurate, and t cntinue t maintain and enhance the accuracy f AI systems as they will play an increasing rle in the future f health care.”
1. What can be inferred frm Dr. Slepian’s wrds in Paragraph 2?
A. Mst patients are still dubtful abut AI medical treatment.
B. Human physicians can d a lt t prmte AI medical treatment.
C. The unacceptance f AI is mainly due t the inaccuracy f infrmatin.
D. The reality that patients chse human dctrs limits the develpment f AI.
2. What’s the key factr in increasing participants’ preference fr AI treatment?
A. The gravity f the disease.
B. The guidance f the physician.
C. The superirity f AI system.
D. The persnal backgrund f the participant.
3. What des the underlined wrd “nus” in the last paragraph mean?
A. Respnsibility.B. Attempt.C. Dependence.D. Fcus.
4. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the passage?
A. The Trust in AI: A Split amng Patients.
B. Bridging the Gap: Human Dctrs and AI.
C. An Imprtant Study: The Future f AI Systems.
D. Imprving Diagnstic Accuracy: The Rle f AI.
【模拟03】（24-25高三上·江苏南通·开学考试）Students’ scial-emtinal skills are psitively crrelated with their reading and math perfrmance, accrding t a study by Branching Minds, an ed-tech cmpany. It fund that 60-70 percent f students wh were identified as needing additinal scial-emtinal supprt were als identified as needing additinal academic supprt.
T understand the links between scial-emtinal learning (SEL) and academic utcmes, the study analyzed student screening assessments fr scial-emtinal skills and reading and math perfrmance f nearly 4,000 K-8 students in the 2021-22 schl year.
The study’s findings are in line with previus research that shws scial-emtinal learning has a psitive impact n students’ academic achievement, but there’s still a gap in understanding hw thse pieces f data abut academic and scial-emtinal strengths shuld be integrated and used tgether t create interventin plans fr students.
The study als fund that scial-emtinal skills may act as “a prtective factr” fr sme students perfrming belw academic standards, meaning that students’ scial-emtinal strengths culd be used t bst their academic achievement, said Essie Suttn, the directr f learning science at Branching Minds. Therefre, “it wuld be beneficial fr educatrs t think abut mre cmbined supprt plans fr struggling students,” she added.
Fr example, if a student is struggling with reading, but he is very scial, “hw can we build that int a supprt plan, and perhaps make these targeted r individualized reading supprt grups mre scial and play t that strength that they have?” Perhaps the student culd take n the rle f teacher and explain smething t their peers in rder t help them practice reading cmprehensin, as well as scial skills, Suttn said.
In the study, it is recmmended that results frm academic, scial-emtinal, and behaviral screeners shuld be used when develping interventin plans fr students. “It’s really imprtant t lk at students’ strengths and needs cmprehensively,” Suttn said. T d that, district and schl leaders shuld ensure that their academic, behaviral, and scial-emtinal supprt teams wrk tgether and that all stakehlders-students, parents, and teachers-are part f the prcess f creating interventin plans.
1. Hw did the researchers carry ut the study?
A. By interviewing students.B. By carrying ut experiments.
C. By cnducting data analysis.D. By referring t the previus data.
2. Why is the example mentined in paragraph 5?
A. T attach great imprtance t scial skills.
B. T narrw the gap f the previus research.
C. T explain scial skills can prtect everyne.
D. T advcate the integrated supprt strategies.
3. What matters when designing interventin strategies accrding t the passage?
A. Cperatin.B. Assessment.C. Flexibility.D. Individuality.
4. What is the passage mainly abut?
A. The prspect f applying scial emtinal skills.
B. The effects SEL skills have n academic perfrmance.
C. The methds t develp students’ SEL skills t the full.
D. The useful interventin plans fr academic perfrmance.
【模拟04】（24-25高三上·江苏扬州·开学考试）Nearly tw decades ag, Facebk explded n cllege campuses as a site fr students t stay in tuch. Then came Twitter, where peple psted abut what they had fr breakfast, and Instagram, where friends shared phts t keep up with ne anther.
Tday, the kinds f psts where peple update friends and family abut their lives have becme harder t see ver the years as the biggest sites have becme increasingly “crpratized (企业化的) .” Instead f seeing messages and phts frm friends and relatives abut their hlidays r fancy dinners, users f Instagram, Facebk, TikTk, Twitter and Snapchat nw ften view prfessinalized cntent frm brands, influencers and thers that pay fr placement.
The change has impacted large scial netwrking cmpanies and hw peple interact with ne anther digitally. As big scial netwrks made cnnecting peple with brands a much greater fcus than cnnecting them with ther peple, sme users have started seeking sites targeting cmmunities and apps devted t specific hbbies and issues. “Platfrms as we knew them are ver,” said Zizi Papacharissi, a cmmunicatins prfessr at the University f Illinis Chicag. “They have utlived their usefulness.”
The shift helps explain why sme scial netwrking cmpanies are nw explring new fields f business. Fr users, this means that instead f spending all their time n ne r a few big scial netwrks, sme are turning t smaller, mre fcused sites. These include Nextdr, a scial netwrk fr neighbrs.
“It’s nt abut chsing ne netwrk t rule them all—that is crazy Silicn Valley lgic,” said Ethan Zuckerman, a prfessr f public plicy at the University f Massachusetts Amherst. “The future is that yu’re a member f dzens f different cmmunities because as human beings, that’s hw we are. The idea that a new scial media site might cme alng t be the ne app fr everyne appears unrealistic. Peple’s nline identities will becme increasingly fragmented (碎片化的) amng multiple sites.”
1. What des the authr say abut the current majr scial netwrking sites?
A. Their cntent is getting mre and mre lifestyle-fcused.
B. Their users’ interest in prfessinal cntent is decreasing.
C. They fail t prvide adequate supprt fr cllege cmmunities
D. They nw rarely see updates abut friends’ and family’s lives.
2. What is Zizi Papacharissi’ attitude twards traditinal scial media platfrms?
A. Psitive.B. Negative.C. NeutralD. Indifferent.
3. What can we infer frm the last paragraph abut future scial media usage?
A. Peple will chse nline apps mre carefully.
B. Peple will change their nline identities at will.
C. Peple will jin numerus specialized cmmunities.
D. Peple will prefer t use traditinal scial platfrms
4. What wuld be the best title fr the text?
A. The rise f the crpratized tech giants.B. The evlutin f scial media platfrms.
C. The histry f scial netwrking cmpanies.D. The challenges faced by majr platfrms.
【模拟05】（24-25高三上·江苏泰州·开学考试）The Big Dipper’s stars (北斗星) are a celestial landmark. Visible in the Nrthern Hemisphere’s night sky, the stars draw ut a shape like a scp with a handle. Beginner stargazers can easily pick it ut. Nw, scientists have been intrigued by three factrs that can explain why certain grups f stars frm such recgnizable patterns. One is hw bright the stars are. Anther is hw far apart they are. And the third has t d with hw human eyes mve.
The Big Dipper is part f the cnstellatin Ursa Majr. That’s ne f many star grupings that peple in the past selected fr their shapes. Sme shapes were said t depict animals, peple r bjects. Sphia David wndered why peple selected these star grupings. She is a high schl student at Friends’ Central Schl in Wynnewd, Penn.
“Ancient peple frm varius cultures cnnected similar grupings f stars independently f each ther,” said David. That suggests that different peple were perceiving the stars in the same way. S David teamed up with scientists at the University f Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. She presented their wrk n March 18 at an nline meeting f the American Physical Sciety.
The researchers thught abut hw the eyes travel acrss this night sky. Human eyes tend t mve in discrete (分离的) jumps, called saccades (Seh-KAADS). That’s when bth eyes quickly shift frm ne pint f interest t anther. The team created a cmputer simulatin based n the distributin f saccade lengths. They als included tw basic details f the night sky as seen frm Earth. The first was hw far apart different stars appear frm ne anther in the sky. The secnd was hw bright varius stars are.
The technique culd pick ut single cnstellatins. One cnstellatin it picked ut was the star gruping knwn as Drad, the Dlphinfish. The researchers als used the technique t map the whle sky. It generated grups f stars. The scientists cmpared thse grups t the 88 mdern cnstellatins. Thse are grups f stars recgnized by the Internatinal Astrnmical Unin. The tw sets f star grups mstly matched. That cnfirmed the methd wrked t explain hw the cnstellatins came t be.
1. What are the scientists interested in?
A. Hw the Big Dipper came t exist.
B. What cntributes t the pattern f grups f stars.
C. Hw the Big Dipper influenced ther grups f stars.
D. Why certain grups f stars are attractive t human eyes.
2. What did Sphia David discver?
A. Stars are really independent f each ther.
B. Ancient peple were gd at bserving stars.
C. Cultures hardly influence peple’s way t perceive stars.
D. Ancient peple cperated with each ther in studying stars.
3. What did the researchers try t d?
A. T discver new cnstellatins in the night sky.
B. T use technlgy t recgnize cnstellatins.
C. T study the mvement f human eyes.
D. T cunt the number f cnstellatins.
4. What can we learn frm the last paragraph?
A. Drad is the largest cnstellatin in the sky.
B. The researchers decided t imprve their methd.
C. The scientists have fund the way the cnstellatins came t be.
D. The Internatinal Astrnmical Unin shuld study mdern cnstellatins.
【模拟06】（24-25高三上·江苏泰州·开学考试）“It was fund by my dad,” says archaelgist Andrew Birley. At the time, his father Rbin Birley fund tw ily pieces f wd and picked them up and rubbed them between his fingers. And when he did that, the tw pieces came apart — and he saw the writing: the everyday recrd f an ancient Rman sldier. The cntent f the wden tablet included husehld matters and persnal experiences.
The first tablet was damaged because archaelgists at the time didn’t realize hw delicate the ancient wden artifacts (人工制品) were. But since then, mre than 1,800 similar tablets have been fund amng ther buried artifacts at Vindlanda, and they’re nw recgnized as sme f the wrld’s greatest archaelgical treasures.
The British Museum in Lndn is cnducting a new analysis f the materials used t make the Vindlanda tablets, in the hpe that by studying the mediums f the tablets they can cmplete their messages. Mst f the tablets were written in Latin language, a very cmplex language. The tablets were usually fund deep undergrund, where the earth and lack f xygen prevented the wden items frm damaging. Unfrtunately, the Vindlanda site is becming unstable because f climate change, which causes it ultimately becme drier and then wetter, and that means yet- undiscvered writing tablets are less likely t survive in the cming years. It is the mst trubling barrier that scientists face in their wrk. They must act mre quickly.
“There were lt f sldiers wh came frm different backgrunds, and they had t be able t cmmunicate with each ther,” Andrew Birley says. “Archaelgists are discvering the tablets nt in a centralized, administrative area, but all arund the frt (城堡) and surrunding residences where rdinary Rman sldiers lived. They were taught t read and write — uncmmn practice at the time. This is really beynd my expectatins.”
Abut half f the 300,000 Rman Army sldiers in Britain were citizens f Rme. The rest were auxiliary trps (后备军队) wh had signed up t fight fr the Rmans fr 25 years, with the prmise f being granted citizenship at the end f their enlistment (兵役). The tablets shw many auxiliary trps came frm different places and were sent far frm their hmes. Regardless f where the trps riginated, they wanted t change their life regardless f danger.
1. What d we knw abut the first tablet fund at Vindlanda?
A. Andrew Birley preserved it well.B. It was a diary f a Rman sldier.
C. Andrew Birley fund it by accident.D. It was the artwrk f the Rman time.
2. What makes it difficult fr scientists t study the tablets?
A. The messages n the tablets were destryed by the war.
B. The Latin language is hard fr scientists t understand.
C. The materials used t make the tablets are nwhere t find.
D. The natural cnditin f preserving the tablets has becme wrse.
3. What surprises Andrew Birley?
A. The great number f Rman sldiers.
B. The literacy skills f Rman sldiers.
C. The different backgrund s f Rman sldiers.
D. The centralized administratin f Rman sldiers.
4. Which wrd can best describe the auxiliary trps?
A. Daring.B. United.C. Organized.D. Selfless.
【模拟07】（24-25高三上·江苏南京·开学考试）While teenagers wh are at risk f depressin with risky behavirs — drinking alchl, smking cigarettes and cutting classes ften alert parents and teachers that serius prblems are brewing, a new study finds that there’s anther grup f adlescents wh are in nearly as much danger f experiencing the same mental symptms.
These teens use tns f media, get insufficient sleep and have a sedentary (不爱活动的) lifestyle. Of curse, that may sund like a descriptin f every teenager n the planet. But the study warns that it is teenagers wh engage in all three f these practices in the extreme that are truly in a dangerus psitin. Because their behavirs are nt usually seen as a red flag, these yung peple have been called the “invisible risk” grup by the study’s authrs.
The study’s authrs surveyed 15,395 students and analyzed nine risk behavirs, including excessive alchl use, illegal drug use, heavy smking and high media use. Their aim was t determine the relatinship between these risk behavirs and mental health issues in teenagers. The grup that scred high n all nine f the risk behavirs was mst likely t shw symptms f depressin; in all, nearly 15% f this grup reprted being depressed, cmpared with just 4% f the lw-risk grup. But the invisible grup wasn’t far behind the high-risk set, with mre than 13% f them exhibiting depressin.
The findings caught Carli ff guard. “We didn’t expect that,” he says. “The high-risk grup and lw-risk grup are bvius, but this third grup was nt nly unexpected. It was s distinct and s larger — nearly ne third f ur sample — that it became a key finding f the study.”
Carli says that ne f the mst significant things abut his study is that it prvides new early warning signs fr parents, teachers and mental health-care prviders. And early identificatins, supprt and treatment fr mental health issues, he says, are the best ways t keep them frm turning int full-blwn disrders.
1. Which teenager prbably belngs t the “invisible grup”?
A. A teenager wh drinks frequently.
B. A teenager wh exercises regularly.
C. A teenager wh skips schl.
D. A teenager wh suffers frm a lack f sleep.
2. What can we knw abut the new study?
A. It was cnducted by analyzing and cmparing the previus data.
B. It was intended t dig int the reasns fr depressin.
C. It revealed an alarming rate f the invisible grup suffering depressin.
D. Its findings were under expectatin f the research team.
3. What is Carli’s attitude tward the findings?
A. Cnservative.B. Dubtful.C. Psitive.D. Indifferent.
4. The authr wrte this passage t ________.
A. intrduce a new therapy fr teens’ mental disrder
B. warn abut the unbserved signals fr teens’ mental prblems
C. share a nvel psychlgical experiment with teens
D. cautin teens against develping unhealthy habits
【模拟08】（24-25高三上·江苏南京·开学考试）Casting blame is natural: it is tempting t fault smene else fr a mistake rather than taking respnsibility yurself. But blame is als harmful. It makes it less likely that peple will wn up t mistakes, and thus less likely that rganizatins can learn frm them. Research published in 2015 suggests that firms whse managers pinted t external factrs t explain their failings underperfrmed cmpanies that blamed themselves.
Blame culture can spread like a virus. Just as children fear mm and dad’s punishment if they admit t wrngding, in a blaming envirnment, emplyees are afraid f criticism and punishment if they acknwledge making a mistake at wrk. Blame culture asks, “Wh drpped the ball?” instead f “Where did ur systems and prcesses fail?” The fcus is n the individuals, nt the prcesses. It’s much easier t pint fingers at a persn r department instead f ding the harder, but the mre beneficial, exercise f fixing the rt cause, s the prblem des nt happen again.
The N Blame Culture was intrduced t make sure errrs and deficiencies (缺陷) were highlighted by emplyees as early as pssible. It riginated in rganizatins where tiny errrs can have catastrphic cnsequences： These are knwn as high reliability rganizatins (HROs) and include hspitals, submarines and airlines. Because errrs can be s disastrus in these rganizatins, it’s dangerus t perate in an envirnment where emplyees dn’t feel able t reprt errrs that have been made r raise cncerns abut that deficiencies may turn int future errrs. The N Blame Culture maximizes accuntability because all cntributins t the event ccurring are identified and reviewed fr pssible change and imprvement.
The Natinal Transprtatin Safety Bard (NTSB), which supervises air traffic acrss the United States, makes it clear that its rle is nt t assign blame r liability but t find ut what went wrng and t issue recmmendatins t avid a repeat. The prud recrd f the airline industry in reducing accidents partly reflects n-blame prcesses fr investigating crashes and clse calls. The mtive t learn frm errrs als exists when the risks are lwer. That is why sftware engineers and develpers rutinely investigate what went wrng if a website crashes r ‘a server ges dwn.
There is an bvius wrry abut embracing blamelessness. What if the website keeps crashing and the same persn is at fault? Smetimes, after all, blame is deserved. The idea f the “just culture”, a framewrk develped in the 1990s by James Reasn, a psychlgist, addresses the cncern that the incmpetent and the malevlent (恶意的) will be let ff the hk. The line that Britain’s aviatin regulatr draws between hnest errrs and the ther srt is a gd starting-pint It prmises a culture in which peple “are nt punished fr actins r decisins taken by them that are cmmensurate with their experience and training”. That narrws rm fr blame but des nt remve it entirely.
1. Accrding t the research published in 2015, cmpanies that ________ had better perfrmance.
A. blamed external factrsB. wned up t mistakes
C. cnducted investigatinsD. admitted failures
2. Accrding t the passage, the N Blame Culture ________.
A. encurages the early disclsure f errrs
B. nly exists in high reliability rganizatins
C. enables peple t shift the blame nt thers
D. prevents rganizatins t learn frm errrs
3. What is the majr cncern abut embracing blamelessness accrding t the passage?
A. Inncent peple might take the blame by admitting their failure.
B. Being blamed fr mistakes can destry trust in emplyees.
C. The line between hnest errrs and the ther srt is nt clear.
D. Peple wn’t learn their lessns if they aren’t blamed fr failures.
4. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the passage?
A. Why We Fail t Learn frm Our Own Mistakes
B. Hw t Avid Disastrus Errrs in Organizatins
C. Why We Shuld Stp the Blame Game at Wrk
D. Hw t Deal with Wrkplace Blame Culture
【模拟09】（24-25高三上·江苏南京·开学考试）Nw a cmpany is launching a new rbt n persnal service machines. Rather than keeping yu cmpany at hme, GITA (prnunced Jee-Tah) helps yu g hands-free while yu walk dwn the street, t the grcery stre r t visit yur neighbrs. Like the name, which means “uting” in Italian, the rbtic servant is fr shrt trips ut and abut.
Designed by the Piaggi Grup, the smart device uses five cameras t see yu, fllw yu arund and carry up t 40 punds f yur belngings fr fur hurs. It’s similar t thse rbtic suitcases that trail behind yu at the airprt, but with an entirely different utside. Picture a large cntainer but n wheels. That’s what GITA lks like in the flagship range clr. Imagine having a hi-tech that can fllw yu arund with yur shpping inside. It’s rund and strng yet relatively smart and cnvenient. The rbtic helper is a jy t engage with, srt f like a dg.
Operating GITA is simple. Yu just press ne buttn t turn it n, ne buttn fr the cameras t scan yur legs, and yu’re ff. It actually des pretty gd jb f fllwing yu and recgnizing when yu change directins. Its mvement is ddly natural. When yu speed up it falls behind a bit befre trying t catch up, and when yu stp, it stps — usually. GITA perates best n hard surfaces. Hwever, it can’t g upstairs. It can rll n slight inclines (斜坡) and keep up with a walking persn at speeds up t 6 miles per hur.
A system f sunds and lights will let yu knw whether it is unpaired r needs a charge. And an app lets yu share yur rbt with yur “crew”, s it can fllw them, t. With a speaker, yur GITA can carry candy and play theme music as yu take the kids trick-r-treating.
A USA TODAY tech reprter gave GITA a test run in 2019. He said, “GITA certainly made quite an impressin n passers-by as it rlled dwn New Yrk’s busy Madisn Avenue.” Yet having tech trail behind yu takes sme getting used t. Yu can’t help but lk behind yu t make sure it’s keeping up, smewhat like mnitring a pet.
1. Fr what purpse is the new rbt designed?
A. T instruct yu where t g.B. T serve yu as yu walk arund.
C. T accmpany yu at hme.D. T prtect yu when yu’re traveling.
2. What des the new rbt prbably lk like?
A. It lks like a ryal dg.B. It has flags and smart panels.
C. It is rund, range and can rll f itself.D. It resembles cameras in appearance.
3. Which f the fllwing is true abut GITA?
A. It can rll up a sharp slpe at a high speed.
B. It can nly recgnize and fllw its wner.
C. It can adjust its pace autmatically.
D. It can play tricks fr children.
4. What can we learn abut GITA frm the last paragraph?
A. Peple are heavily dependent n it.
B. It is far frm being put int use.
C. It is easy t get lst and needs t be imprved.
D. Users have difficulty accustming themselves t it at first.
【模拟10】（24-25高三上·江苏南京·开学考试）Salad plants have already been grwn in ld shelters and tunnels. Urban farming is a regular tpic f interest at places like the Wrld Ecnmic Frum (WEF) in Davs, where leaders cnsider whether the wrld’s fd system, blamed fr causing bth besity and malnutritin, can be fixed. There are already plenty f urban farming prjects arund the wrld, particularly in the US, Japan and the Netherlands, frm urban fish and plant farms t vertical farming.
“It’s becming an expanding industry,” said Richard Ballard, ne f the funders f the farm Grwing Undergrund. “There are several ther businesses starting up in Lndn in cntainers, and there are ther vertical farms arund the cuntry nw.”
Grwing Undergrund is nt a standard farm. The rws f crps culd be in almst any tunnel, but these plants are 100 feet belw Clapham High Street and shw that urban agriculture is, in sme cases at least, nt a fad. The undergrund farm has ccupied a part f the Secnd Wrld War air-raid shelters fr nearly five years, and Ballard is planning t expand int the rest f the space later this year.
Grwing Undergrund supplies herb and salad mixes t grcery shps, supermarkets and restaurants. Being in Lndn creates an advantage, Ballard says, as they can harvest and deliver in an hur.
He adds ther advantages. Being undergrund means temperatures never g belw 15 ----surface greenhuses need t be heated. They can d mre harvests: 60 crps a year, cmpared with abut seven in a traditinal farm. Electricity t pwer the lights is a majr cst, but the cmpany believes renewable energy will becme cheaper.
Similar British cmpanies include the Jnes Fd Cmpany in Linclnshire, while in the US AerFarms has several prjects in New Jersey, and Edenwrks in Brklyn.
1. What can we learn abut urban farming?
A. Different farming methds are used.
B. Lcal gvernments pay effrts t develp it.
C. It leads t a healthier lifestyle.
D. It is rarely discussed at the WEF.
2. Which f the fllwing best explains “a fad” underlined in Paragraph 3?
A. A plan that has great ptential.
B. A traditin that appeals t a lt f peple.
C. An apprach that can slve a serius prblem.
D. A fashin that’s ppular fr a shrt time.
3. Which f the fllwing is true abut the undergrund farm?
A. Its majr prducts are herbs and salads.
B. It prduces mre kinds f fds than a traditinal farm.
C. It is mre prductive than a traditinal farm.
D. It uses less energy than a greenhuse.
4. What is the theme f the text?
A. Traditinal farming will be replaced sn.
B. Grwing Undergrund attracts mre peple.
C. Current fd system causes health prblems.
D. Urban farming is still thught cstly and time-cnsuming.
【模拟11】（23-24高二下·江苏镇江·期末）What makes a persn extra repulsive t a msquit? It might be the scent f ccnut. That was ne f the findings f a small study published Wednesday in the jurnal iScience, which lked at whether different scented saps made peple mre r less attractive t msquites.
“It’s a simple questin with a very cmplex answer,” said the lead study authr, Clement Vinauger, an assistant prfessr f bichemistry at Virginia Tech. “What really matters is hw the chemicals in the sap cmbine with the chemicals f the individual persn.”
Everyne has the same chemicals, just in different ratis, sme mre attractive t msquites than thers, said Ali Afify, an assistant prfessr f bilgy at Drexel University in Philadelphia, wh wasn’t invlved with the new study. “Everything yu use n yur skin can make yu mre r less attractive t msquites,” Afify added.
T see which chemicals culd tip the scales in either directin, fur vlunteers were each asked t wash with fur different brands f sap. In each instance, the vlunteer washed ne frearm and left the ther untuched and then wre nyln sleeves n bth arms fr ne hur. They repeated the prcess with the three ther saps. After the hur was up, the researchers remved the dr- saked sleeves. They placed each sleeve in a cup and put the cups in a mesh cage full f Aedes aegypti msquites. The scent in the cup that attracted the mst msquites was deemed mst attractive.
In the end, the team identified fur chemicals that were assciated with being slightly mre attractive t msquites and three that appeared t repel them, but the results were generally weak and variable fr all chemical scents tested except ne: ccnut. “Msquites dn’t like ccnut-scented prducts, s ur safest bet is t use them,” Vinauger said.
“Because drs are cmplex, a single scent r cmpund isn’t likely t be merely respnsible fr hw attractive a persn is t msquites. Sme may play a bigger rle, but there wn’t be just ne that explains attractin,” said Christpher Ptter, an assciate prfessr f neurscience at the Jhns Hpkins University Schl f Medicine in Maryland wh studies msquit lfactin.
1. What is the main factr that determines hw attractive a persn is t msquites?
A. The type f sap they frequently use.
B. The amunt f carbn dixide they send ut.
C. The chemical prduced by bacteria n their bdy.
D. The cmbinatin f chemicals in their bdy scent.
2. What is the main purpse f Para 4?
A. T explain the wrking principle.
B. T present the actins f the vlunteers.
C. T intrduce the prcess f the study.
D. T make a cmparisn between different saps.
3. What have the researchers fund abut ccnut- scented prducts?
A. They can keep msquites away.
B. They have n effect n msquites.
C. They are mre variable than ther chemicals.
D. They are slightly mre attractive t msquites.
4. What is Christpher Ptter’s attitude twards the findings published in the jurnal iScience?
A. SupprtiveB. ObjectiveC. PessimisticD. Unclear
【模拟12】（23-24高二下·江苏镇江·期末）Imagine yu’re ut fr an evening walk in a freign city, lking t find a restaurant fr dinner. If yu’re like mst peple, yu will lk fr the busiest restaurant with the mst diners because its ppularity is bund t reflect n the quality f fd and service. But is this true?
In turist areas, early diners have n meaningful clues as t which restaurant t chse, s they may have picked their evening eatery n a whim (一时兴起). Fllwing passers- by may have misinterpreted their restaurant chice as a well- infrmed decisin and blindly fllwed their example. This culd have resulted in a snw- balling effect, whereby ever-increasing numbers f custmers were attracted t the restaurant in questin, creating a false impressin f apprval. Therefre, fllwing the example f thers culd have led t a subptimal (次优的) dinner chice in an vercrwded restaurant.
Blindly cpying ther peple’s thughts r chices r simply ging with the crwd is ften referred t as “herd behavir (从众行为).” It is a frequent ccurrence amng humans as well as many ther animals.
Herding can appear t make a lt f sense. Average judgments f large grups f peple ften utperfrm individual chices. Furthermre, fllwing the crwd appears t ffer prtectin and cmfrt—after all, there’s “safety in numbers”—while helping t maintain a favrable fame. Finally, fllwing the herd reduces the effrt needed t make a persnal r unique decisin; it is therefre an easy ptin.
Herd behavirs, while cmmn and easy t explain, hld significant dangers. Cntrary t the s-called “wisdm f crwds”, which emerges when the judgments f individual grup members are independently cllected t prduce an average pinin, herd behavirs typically rely n s-called “infrmatin cascades”, where peple take n thers’ beliefs r cpy their chices withut critically evaluating the underlying reasns. This frequently leads t the imitatin f irratinal r simply stupid behavirs. As a result, herding can have many undesirable utcmes, including negative influences n cnsumer chices, like in the restaurant example abve.
It appears there is n quick and easy fix t resist the lure (诱惑) f herd behavir. Instead, lng-term attitude changes may be necessary, which culd invlve individuals adpting mre critical appraches twards their peers’ pinin, and questining thers’ behavirs as ppsed t blindly fllwing them.
1. Hw is Paragraph 2 mainly develped?
A. By giving example.B. By presenting fact.
C. By analyzing the cause and effect.D. By making cmparisn.
2. What is ne reasn why peple tend t fllw the crwd?
A. It leads t average judgments.B. It brings a sense f security.
C. It challenges a favrable reputatin.D. It allws fr better decisin- making.
3. What des the underlined “infrmatin cascades” mean in Para 5?
A. Adpting thers’ beliefs r chices withut evaluatin.
B. Critical evaluatin f underlying reasns fr chices.
C. Average judgments frmed by large grups f peple.
D. Independent cllectin f individual pinins and judgements.
4. What is the text mainly abut?
A. Fllwing the herd can greatly benefit us in varius aspects.
B. It is n easy task fr peple t resist the lure f herd behavir.
C. It is necessary t think critically rather than fllw the herd blindly.
D. The busiest restaurant is nt necessarily the best ne in turist areas.
【模拟13】（2025·江苏南通·一模）A mdern prblem f the utdr lifestyle is hw t keep yur devices pwered. Battery packs are ne ptin, but they have limited use and can be rather heavy. The team at Aurea Technlgies has cme t the rescue with the Shine Turbine, a lightweight wind-pwered turbine (涡轮机) that ffers renewable energy t utdr enthusiasts wh need t re charge electrnic devices.
Last year, the Shine Turbine launched a campaign that was fully funded in a matter f hurs, highlighting the level f interest in this innvative prduct. Designed in Nva Sctia, Canada, the turbine weighs in at just three punds and is abut the size f a water bttle fr easy pack-and-g accessibility. While ut backpacking r wrking remtely, the Shine Turbine takes just a few minutes t set up. There are n lse pieces t wrry abut lsing while yu f ld ut the high-efficiency blades and place the turbine n the retractable stand (可伸缩支架). Everything yu need is stred inside the cntainer.
This clean energy ptin als has battery strage, s yu can charge yur devices as the wind blws. Then yu can take it with yu fr mre charging later. It can als be pre - charged befre yu head ut using a standard wall utlet.
“Wind is the secnd-largest prducer f clean energy in the wrld, yet mst peple dn’t have direct access t it. As a team f utdr enthusiasts with backgrunds in science and engineering, we set ut t create a wind pwer prduct that gives users the freedm t prduce their wn clean energy day r night, rain, clud, r shine,” said Cat Adalay, CEO and funder f Aurea Technlgies.
The prtable design makes it cnvenient t use fr day trip s t the beach r muntains, camping trips r as an emergency backup. “T live sustainably (可持续地), we need t rethink the ways in which we create and use energy,” added Adalay. “The simplicity f ur design, tw-minute setup, and ability t rapidly generate and stre pwer, des just that. It’s a game-changer in allwing peple t access wind energy in the wind.”
1. What can we learn abut the Shine Turbine frm the text?
A. It is intelligent and wrks efficiently.B. It is user- friendly but expensive t buy.
C. It is sustainable and cnvenient t carry.D. It is cst- effective but breaks dwn easily.
2. What kind f peple might need the Shine Turbine mst accrding t the text?
A. Emergency rescuers.B. Sea surfbarders.
C. Rck- climbing lvers.D. Gelgical explrers.
3. Why d the researchers create the Shine Turbine?
A. Their prduct btains financial supprt.B. They want t gain direct access t wind.
C. They attempt t prevent glbal warming.D. Their desired life prmtes green rethink.
4. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Wind: the wrld’s secnd clean energy.B. Aurea Technlgies: innvative pineers
C. The Shine Turbine: a green pwer prductD. Outdr lvers: envirnment campaigners
【模拟14】（2025·江苏南通·一模）The estimated number f mnarch butterflies migrating (迁徙) t Mexic fr winter has reached its secnd - lwest level ever fr the 2023 t 2024 verwintering seasn. The estimate, based n the size f the butterflies’ hibernating frest area, has drpped by abut 59% frm the previus year, accrding t fficials.
Experts are pinting t extensive heat and drught as well as climate change fr the majr decline. Nw mnarch butterflies face three primary threats, including habitat lss fr their breeding and verwintering; the use f pesticides, which can be txic (有毒的) t the butterflies r can kill their fd surce, milkweed; and climate change, which can shift their migratry patterns. By the 2022 t 2023 verwintering seasn, Wrld Wildlife Fund reprted a 22% drp in the amunt f verwintering mnarch butterflies in Mexic.
Accrding t WWF, mnarch butterflies nce cvered abut 45 acres f frested land in Mexic during their 1996 t 1997 verwintering seasn. Last year, they cvered 5.5 acres. With the 59% decline, the 2023 verwintering seasn saw the butterflies cvering just 2.2 acres, The Assciated Press reprted. The lwest cverage ever recrded was 1.65 acres frm 2013 t 2014. The largest amunt f butterflies bserved fr the current verwintering seasn were arund the Mnarch Butterfly Bisphere Reserve.
“This is nt the first time we’ve bserved changes in the lcatins f the largest mnarch clnies,” Jrge Rickards, general directr f WWF Mexic, said in a statement. “It’s telling us that we need t strengthen cnservatin and restratin measures nt nly in the Mnarch Butterfly Bisphere Reserve, but als utside f it.” Accrding t the Center fr Bilgical Diversity, mnarch butterflies have declined by 85% in the past 20 years. The eastern mnarch butterflies migrate frm Canada and the U. S. t Mexic fr verwintering. Western mnarchs, which verwinter in Califrnia, have declined 99% in the past tw decades.
In 2020, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service nted that these butterflies d warrant prtectins under the Endangered Species Act, but there were higher-pririty species t cnsider fr listing. Bilgist Ryan Drum, wh wrks with the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, tld The Assciated Press that the latest cunt wuld be cnsidered this year when fficials cnsider whether t list migratry mnarch butterflies as threatened r even endangered.
1. What can we learn frm the first tw paragraphs?
A. Mre butterflies are migrating t Mexic.
B. The number f butterflies is getting larger.
C. The size f frest area is decreasing faster.
D. Mnarch butterflies are facing survival crisis.
2. Hw des the authr shw us the gravity f the prblem cncerning mnarch butterflies?
A. By listing cncrete numbers.
B. By describing typical scenes.
C. By interviewing sme scientists.
D. By making reasnable predictins.
3. What des Jrge Rickards suggest peple d?
A. Increase the number f the butterfly reserves.
B. Observe the changing number f the butterflies.
C. Take mre actins t prtect the butterflies.
D. Distinguish eastern butterflies frm western nes.
4. What des the underlined wrd “warrant” mean in the last paragraph?
A. Resist.B. Need.C. Supprt.D. Prvide.
【模拟15】（2024·江苏南京·模拟预测）We explre large-scale training f generative mdels n vide data. Specifically, we train text-cnditinal diffusin mdels jintly n vides and images f variable duratins, reslutins and aspect ratis. We leverage a transfrmer architecture that perates n spacetime patches f vide and image latent cdes. Our largest mdel, Sra, is capable f generating a minute f high fidelity vide. Our results suggest that scaling vide generatin mdels is a prmising path twards building general purpse simulatrs f the physical wrld.
We train a netwrk that reduces the dimensinality f visual data. This netwrk takes raw vide as input and utputs a latest representatin that is cmpressed bth temprally and spatially. Sra is trained n and subsequently generates vides within this cmpressed latent space. We als train a crrespnding decder mdel that maps generated latents back t pixel space.
All f the results abve and in ur landing page shw text-t-vide samples. But Sra can als be prmpted with ther inputs, such as pre-existing images r vide. This capability enables Sra t perfrm a wide range f image and vide editing tasks—creating perfectly lping vide, animating static images, extending vides frwards r backwards in time, etc.
Sra is als capable f generating images. We d this by arranging patches f Gaussian nise in a spatial grid with a tempral extent f ne frame. The mdel can generate images f variable sizes—up t 2048*2048 reslutin.
We find that vide mdels exhibit a number f interesting emergent capabilities when trained at scale. These capabilities enable Sra t simulate sme aspects f peple, animals and envirnments frm the physical wrld. These prperties emerge withut any explicit inductive biases fr 3D, bjects, etc.—they are purely phenmena f scale.
We believe the capabilities Sra has tday demnstrate that cntinued scaling f vide mdels is a prmising path twards the develpment f capable simulatrs f the physical and digital wrld, and the bjects, animals and peple that live within them.
1. What is the meaning f the underlined wrds in the text?
A. The riginal raw vide data.
B. A cmpressed versin f the vide data.
C. The prcess f reducing vide quality.
D. The spatial and tempral dimensins f a vide.
2. What is the main cntent f Paragraph 3?
A. Sra's ability t generate high-reslutin images.
B. The prcess f training Sra n cmpressed latent space.
C. Sra's varius applicatins in image and vide editing.
D. The emergence f interesting capabilities in vide mdels.
3. Which f the fllwing best describes the verall gal f the research described in the passage?
A. T create realistic images and vides using nly text prmpts.
B. T develp a general-purpse simulatr capable f simulating varius aspects f the physical wrld.
C. T train a netwrk that can cmpress vide data withut lsing quality.
D. T explre the ptential f transfrmer architectures in vide and image generatin tasks.
4. What is the authr's attitude twards the future develpment f Sra?
A. Skeptical.B. Optimistic.C. Neutral.D. Uncertain.
【模拟16】（23-24高三上·江苏南京·阶段练习）As artificial-intelligence prducts steadily imprve at pretending t be human — an AI prduced vice that bks restaurant reservatins by phne, fr example, r a chat rbt that answers cnsumers’ questins nline peple will increasingly be put in the wrrying situatin f nt knwing whether they are talking t a machine. But the truth may make such prducts less effective: recent research finds a trade-ff between transparency (透明度) and cperatin in human-cmputer interactins.
The study used a simple game in which paired players make a series f decisins t cperate with r betray their partner. In the lng run, it pays fr bth t keep cperating. The researchers used an Al prduct, when pretending as a persn, which was better than peple are at getting human partners t cperate. But previus wrk suggested peple tend t disbelieve machines, s the scientists wndered what wuld happen if the rbt revealed itself as such.
The team hped peple playing with a knwn rbt wuld recgnize its ability t cperate and wuld eventually vercme their disbelief. “Sadly, we failed at this gal,” says Talal Rahwan, a cmputer scientist at New Yrk University in Abu Dhabi and a senir authr n the paper, published last Nvember in Nature Machine Intelligence. “N matter what the rbt did, peple just stuck t their prejudice.” A rbt playing penly as a rbt was less likely t get cperatin than anther human, even thugh its strategy was clearly mre beneficial t bth players. In an additinal experiment, players were tld, “data suggest that peple are better ff if they treat the rbt as if it were a human.” It had n effect.
Virginia Dignum, wh leads the Scial and Ethical Artificial Intelligence grup at Umea University in Sweden and was nt invlved in the study, praises the researchers fr explring the transparency effectiveness trade-ff, but she wuld like t see it tested in a different setup.
Talal’s team said that in the public field, peple shuld be asked fr agreement t be deceived (欺骗) abut a rbt’s identity. It cannt be n an interactin-by-interactin basis, r else the “deceptin” bviusly will nt wrk. But verall permissin fr deceptin still raises ethical quandaries (困境). Dignum says humans shuld have the ptin t knw after they have interacted with a rbt — but if she is calling custmer service with a simple questin, she adds, “I just want t get my answer.”
1. The underlined wrd “trade-ff” is clsest in meaning t .
A. distinguishingB. balancingC. switchingD. cmbining
2. Accrding t the passage, what attitude d peple generally take twards rbts?
A. Psitive.B. Casual.C. Uncertain.D. Distrustful.
3. What can be inferred abut the research findings frm the third paragraph?
A. They fail t supprt the team’s assumptin.
B. They are different frm the previus findings.
C. They will draw peple’s attentin t rbts’ prblems.
D. They can explain why peple treat a rbt like a human.
4. Accrding t the passage, what is Virginia Dignum mst likely t agree with?
A. Tall Rahwan’s research findings can’t apply t the real-wrld situatins.
B. Overall permissin fr interacting with a rbt des mre harm than gd.
C. Peple needn’t be tld that they are interacting with a rbt n all ccasins.
D. The relatinship between transparency and effectiveness has been fully explred.
【模拟17】（24-25高三上·江苏宿迁·阶段练习）Elephants are the largest land mammals n Earth, and understanding them better culd lead t big scientific breakthrughs in science. Bth delicate and sturdy, elephant trunks (象鼻) can grasp a single leaf but can als carry nearly 600 punds. Scientists think that they are an incredible inspiratin fr the next generatin f bi- inspired rbts.
By cnducting a high- reslutin mtin capture analysis f elephants’ trunks, researchers fund elephants have a set f simple mvements that they can integrate freely t handle bjects f varius shapes and sizes. Fr example, elephants use suctin (吸力) t pick up lightweight bjects. Hwever, t pick up heavier things, they use suctin t secure the psitin f the bjects and trunk wrapping t hld and lift things. “It’s nt the whle trunk that is lengthening r shrtening — it’s different parts, depending n what the elephant is ding,” said Milinkvitch, prfessr f the physics f bilgy at the University f Geneva, Switzerland.
Researchers als perfrmed CT scans and MRIs n the trunk f a dead elephant. They used high- reslutin cameras t create a 3D mdel f a trunk, allwing them t better understand the structure f an elephant’s muscle grups, skin and cnnective tissues. The study data will be used t help design an innvative “sft” rbtic arm. “The data is exceptinal, but nw the effrt is t translate this bilgical data int sme engineering specificatins,” Milinkvitch said. “We need t extract sme simplifying principles that can make the rbt’s behavir simple enugh t be effective and adaptable t changes.”
The prject is als fueling advancements in material science, as researchers have develped a new material similar t the useful prperties f elephant skin and can be 3D printed fr rbtic prttypes (原型). The new materials may be cmmercialized fr a wide range f uses.
1. What des the underlined wrd “sturdy” in paragraph 1 prbably mean?
A. Brad.B. Strng.C. Rugh.D. Sensitive.
2. Hw des an elephant handle different bjects?
A. By sucking them with all the strength.
B. By stretching its trunk based n things’ sizes.
C. By securing the psitin f these bjects at first.
D. By cmbining suctin with trunk mvements flexibly.
3. Why d researchers translate the bilgical data?
A. T test the safety f the rbtic arm.B. T imprve the behavir f the rbt.
C. T upgrade the appearance f the rbt.D. T study the structure f muscle tissues.
4. Which is the text mainly abut?
A. Elephant Trunks: The Inspiratin fr Sft Rbtics
B. Elephant Trunks: The Thery f Mvement in Rbtics
C. “Sft” Rbtic Arms: An Innvatin in 3D- printed Rbts
D. “Sft” Rbtic Arms: A Majr Breakthrugh in Material Science
【模拟18】（23-24高三下·江苏·阶段练习）What strategy d yu use t make tugh life decisins like whether t end a relatinship, quit yur jb, r g back t schl? Maybe yu weigh the advantages and disadvantages. Maybe yu g with yur sixth sense. Or maybe, if yu’re like mst peple, yu simply d nthing. After all, we have a tendency t prefer the status qu (现状), and fcus mre n the ptential lsses invlved with change rather than the ptential benefits.
But here’s a simpler strategy: When yu’re indecisive abut a big life decisin, chse the path f change. That’s the takeaway f research recently published by Steven Levitt, an ecnmist at the University f Chicag.
Fr the study, Levitt asked peple wh were facing tugh decisins t flip (抛) a digital cin n the website FreaknmicsExperiments.cm. The cin tsses were randmized, with ne side representing change, the ther status qu. The study asked mre than 20,000 participants t make whichever decisin the cin tss directed, and then reprt back n hw things played ut after tw and six mnths.
Of curse, nt everyne fllwed thrugh. The tw-mnth survey fund that participants chse change less frequently than they had initially predicted they wuld. After six mnths, hwever, this tendency tward inactin disappeared. But mst surprising were the results n well-being. At bth the tw and six-mnth marks, mst peple wh chse change reprted feeling happier, better ff, and that they had made the crrect decisin.
The study had sme limitatins. One is that its participants weren’t selected randmly. Anther limitatin is that participants whse decisin didn’t play ut well might have been less likely t reprt back n their status after tw and six mnths. Still the study des suggest that peple wh are n the edge f a tugh decisin are prbably better ff ging with change. Levitt isn’t suggesting yu flip a cin t make all decisins. But cin-flipping des seem t have sme benefits. Levitt ntes that sme peple might prefer giving in t their fate t randmness in rder t avid regret. But yu can als use randmness a bit mre sensibly. When facing a tugh decisin, yu culd flip a cin and, upn seeing the utcme, ntice whether yu feel relief r fright. If yu feel relieved, that’s prbably the path yu shuld chse.
1. What is mst peple’s pririty when making hard chices?
A. Valuing ptential benefits.
B. Calculating ptential lsses.
C. Making a change t the status qu.
D. Fllwing inner vice f ne’s mind.
2. What are the findings f the tw surveys?
A. Mre participants remained inactive after six mnths.
B. Making changes brught mst participants happiness.
C. Participants’ actin agreed with their initial predictin.
D. All participants gave immediate feedback n their status.
3. What is a limitatin f the study?
A. The insufficiency f study statistics.
B. The insensible utcme f the analysis.
C. The incrrect methd f flipping a cin.
D. The randmness f picking study subjects.
4. What is the main idea f the passage?
A. Cin flips are beneficial t making hard chices.
B. A study ffers a strategy fr making hard decisins.
C. When facing a hard decisin, chse the status qu.
D. A study justifies making hard chices with randmness.
【模拟19】（2024·江苏盐城·模拟预测）The male western tanager (唐纳雀) lks like a little flame, while females are less shwy, a dusty yellw. In the spring, they prepare t mve thusands f miles t the Muntain West f Central America, flying thrugh grasslands, deserts, and ccasinally, suburban yards.
T fuel them n their lengthy jurney, western tanagers fill up n insects and berries. But as glbal climate change causes spring t start earlier, birds such as western tanagers are arriving at their destinatin after what’s knwn as “green-up”, when flwers begin blming and insects emerge. Accrding t a study published in early March in the jurnal PNAS, this kind f timing mismatch between migrants (迁移动物) and their fd surces, which is happening acrss Nrth America, culd have serius cnsequences fr migratry birds’ survival. “In discussing climate change, we ften fcus n warming,” says Sctt Lss, a c-authr f the study. “But the length and timing f seasns — like when winter ends and spring begins — are sme f the mst dramatic effects f climate change.”
Lss and his clleagues used satellite imagery frm 2002 t 2021 t calculate the average start f spring green-up alng the typical migratin rutes f 150 Nrth American bird species, then cmpared that timing with the current green-up. They fund that spring is indeed beginning earlier alng birds’ migratin rutes. “By cntrary, previus studies have mainly fcused n sngbirds in Eastern Nrth America,” says Mrgan Tingley, an rnithlgist at UCLA, “but this new investigatin shws that bird species in the West and at different levels f the fd web might be just as vulnerable (脆弱的).”
“Part f it is knwing which species are vulnerable t varius threats,” Lss says. “This adds t the knwledge abut vulnerability f a wide range f bird species.” And he hpes that the infrmatin will serve t highlight the urgent need t lwer greenhuse-gas emissins as fast as pssible. “It’s really imprtant, if we can’t address climate change immediately, t try t stp habitat lss as much as we can.”
1. What may pse a direct threat t western tanagers’ survival?
A. Glbal warming.B. The duratin f changing seasns.
C. Lss f habitats due t human activities.D. Decreased access t fds during migratin.
2. What is unique abut the new study n birds like western tanagers?
A. It cvers a wider gegraphic range.B. It reveals the decline in bird ppulatins.
C. It centers n the adaptatin f bird species.D. It ensures the existence f a timing mismatch.
3. What des Lss suggest we d t safeguard migratry birds?
A. Lessen the effects f climate change.B. Preserve ecsystems fr bird species.
C. Address emissins and habitat lss.D. Expand researches n threats t birds.
4. Where is the text mst likely frm?
A. A scientific jurnal.B. A bird-watching guidebk.
C. A website abut climate change.D. A magazine abut wildlife cnservatin.
【模拟20】（2024·江苏南京·模拟预测）We g thrugh life assuming we’re in charge f ur wn minds — until temptatin (诱惑) strikes. Few things better illustrate hw little cntrl we really have. Yu can knw exactly what yu shuld d (decline the secnd slice f cake r the third ccktail), but that hardly seems t matter when the urge arises. Mre self-discipline is rarely the answer, thugh. Instead, if yu can understand what’s ging n inside yur head when temptatin cmes, yu’ll be far better placed t make a healthier chice.
Smetimes, yu need t push yurself, the idea behind which, in psychlgy, is t make the better chice the easier chice. (Schl pupils eat mre healthily, it’s been shwn, when the salads are within easier reach than the chips.) S, instead f relying n willpwer, stp keeping ice creams in yur freezer! Use StayFcused r similar apps t blck distracting websites. Change yur envirnment, and temptatin will be a nn-issue.
Fr every persn, behind every bad habit, there's a reasnable desire: sme peple eat r drink t much because they're lnely, r smke t get a break frm a busy schedule. Once yu’ve uncvered this underlying need, find a different way t meet it: call a friend; take a cffee break instead f a cigarette break. There’s nthing wrng with the need — nly with the way yu’re currently meeting it.
It’s a strange truth that we’ll break all srts f prmises t urselves — yet mst f us wuld never fail t shw up at a prearranged meeting with a friend. Invlve thers in yur temptatin-resistance effrts, whether it's asking smene t check in weekly t see if yu’re sticking t yur plan, r never ging shpping alne if yu’re subject t impulse purchases. Best f all, launch a jint plan, in which tw f yu decide t give up a bad habit. That turns a challenge int a fun game.
1. What des “that” mean in paragraph 1?
A. Temptatin.B. Self-awareness.
C. Chice.D. Self-mtivatin.
2. Which shuld be a gd chice if yu feel wrn ut frm a packed timetable?
A. Exercise strng willpwer ver it.
B. Keep ice creams within easy reach.
C. Use StayFcused t refresh yurself.
D. Chat with a friend ver a cup f cffee.
3. What des the authr suggest yu d accrding t paragraph 4?
A. Seek partners’ supprt.B. Leave challenges behind.
C. Keep yur prmises.D. Say n t playing games.
4. What is the text mainly abut?
A. What causes temptatin.B. Hw t keep temptatin at bay.
C. Why urges set in.D. Hw t keep life under cntrl.
2020-2024江苏高考考点细目（阅读理解说明文）
卷别
词数
主题
话题
典型题
2024新课标I卷D
364+122
人与自然
引导公民参与生物多样性拍照片
35项目建议题
2023新课标I卷C
322+107
人与社会
倡导数字极简主义生活方式优点
32活动建议题
2023新课标I卷D
338+112
人与社会
介绍“群体智慧”效应含义和作用
35态度推断题
2022新课标I卷B
344+130
人与社会
介绍为解决食物零浪费采取措施
27项目建议题
2022新课标I卷C
299+131
人与社会
减少孤独改善老年人健康的项目
30短语猜测题
2022新课标I卷D
339+153
人与社会
饮食变化文化进化影响语音发展
34主旨大意题
2021新课标I卷C
301+127
人与自然
讲述发行联邦鸭票保护水禽基地
31标题概括题
2020新课标I卷D
321+131
人与社会
伙伴和饮食习惯影响食物摄入量
32主旨大意题