高考英语二轮讲义-阅读七选五(学生版)

这是一份高考英语二轮讲义-阅读七选五(学生版)，共21页。学案主要包含了2024新课标Ⅰ卷，2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷，2024全国甲卷，2024北京卷，2024浙江1月卷等内容，欢迎下载使用。
历年考情
高考英语阅读七选五说明文，主要向读者介绍知识、说明事物原理、解释操作流程或阐释社会文化现象等 。文本条理清晰，常运用小标题、数字序号、逻辑连接词来组织行文，让复杂内容层次分明，方便读者理解。这类题型要求考生从七个备选项中选出五个合适的句子，填补文章空缺处，使文意连贯、逻辑顺畅，综合考查阅读理解、语篇分析及上下文衔接能力。
命题规律
七选五阅读文章体裁以说明文、记叙文为主。语篇模式也较为固定：依次是提出问题、分析问题、最后是提供解决方案；题目的位置也很固定：有首句、句中、末句与独立成段四种情形；题型的正确选项大致可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。若问题在段首，通常是段落主题句。若是针对段落小标题设空。其呈现形式应和其他小标题相同。选项应短小精评，多为名词词组、动名词短语或祈使向。若段落首句设空，段首句要么与段落标题相关联，要么是段落主题句。选项要有概括性。
考向预测
预测2025年高考阅读理解七选五试题仍然以结构鲜明的指导类说明文为主，主要考查解释说明句。
【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Nt all great writers are great spellers. If yu want t be published, it's vital t submit a perfect, prfessinally presented manuscript (原稿). ____36____ N editr is likely t tlerate a writer wh des nt take the truble t spell wrds crrectly.
I keep tw reference bks clse-by n my desk: dictinary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I dn't trust my laptp's spellchecker. ____37____ Of curse, these days there are plenty f nline dictinaries and thesauruses, but I'm ld-fashined enugh t prefer a hard cver and pages I can leaf thrugh with my fingers. I use the Cncise Oxfrd Dictinary and the Cllins Thesaurus.
____38____ It shuld give yu a precise definitin f each wrd, thus differentiating it frm ther wrds whse meanings are similar, but nt identical. It will als usually shw hw the wrd is prnunced.
In additin, I have an ld tw-vlume cpy f the Shrter Oxfrd Dictinary, picked up a few years ag in a bkshp sale fr just 99 pence. Of curse, with its 2,672 pages, it's nt exactly shrt. It cntains arund 163,000 wrds, plus wrd cmbinatins and idimatic phrases. ____39____ Hwever, if I need t check the rigin f a wrd r t lk up examples f its usage, there's nthing better.
Fr well ver a hundred years the mst influential English dictinary was Samuel Jhnsn's Dictinary f the English Language published in 1755. "T make dictinaries is dull (乏味) wrk," wrte Jhnsn, illustrating ne definitin f "dull". ____40____ A few minutes spent casting yur eye ver a page r tw can be a rewarding experience.
A. I dn't ften use this dictinary.
B. It takes n accunt f the cntext.
C. But I still dn't want t replace them.
D. But a dictinary can be a pleasure t read.
E. Of curse, a dictinary is nt nly fr spelling.
F. That means gd grammar and n spelling mistakes.
G. Dictinaries dn't always give yu enugh infrmatin.
【2025届河南省郑州市中原区郑州中学高三上学期12月模拟预测】It’s Natinal Gd Neighbr Day n September 28. On this day, we d fun activities t bend wish wn neighbring families. It’s a great way t break the ice and build lng-lasting relatinships fr cperatin develpment.
Neighbrs can make r break yur experience f living in an area. 36 . Neighbrs are like umbrella n a rainy day, lending a helping hand in times f emergency.
37 . They invited them t parties and balls, went riding with them, wrked n their frame , invited them ver fr dinner, and tk care f their hmes whenever they went away. Nwadays, with busy schedules and technlgical advancements, we never really cre much abut r shw interest in the family next dr. 38 .
Natinal Gd Neighbr Day was first celebrated in the early 1970s by Becky Mattsn wh wanted t cnnect with her neighbrs in Mntana. It fficially became a hliday in 1978, when President Jimmy Carter signed a prclamatin (公告) t establish the hliday. 39 as it was recgnized that there was little meaningful cmmunicatin amng peple and there was a need t bring them tgether fr them t interact with ne anther. The gvernment believed human values and cnsideratin fr thers were agential t the system f civilizatin and decided that being gd neighbrs t thse arund us was the first step tward human understanding. 40 . Nw, we celebrate Natinal Gd Neighbr Day n September 28, taking special time t care fr ur neighbrs and frm r maintain friendships.
A．A reslutin was passed by the gvernment
B．They are encuraged t participate in cmmunity events
C．Therefre, a fixed date was set fr Gd Neighbr Day
D．Being a gd neighbr helps us build slid and lng-lasting relatinships
E．Previus generatins tended t engage their neighbrs in a lt f activities
F．This is why we’ve lived next t each ther fr years but still aren’t familiar
G．We shuld appreciate ur neighbrs and make an effrt t get t knw them

Passage（1）
【安徽省合肥市第一中学2024-2025学年高三上学期12月阶段性诊断检测】Dn’t Let Persnality Types Define Yu
Persnality tests, especially the Myers-Briggs type indicatr(MBT), are ppular tls that many peple use t better understand themselves and their relatinships with thers. MBTI srts peple int 16 different persnality types based n fur key categries. Althugh these tests can prvide useful insights, it’s imprtant nt t let them define r limit yu.
16 . But peple are cmplex. Our persnalities can change ver time, depending n experiences and grwth. What the MBTI test reveals is just a snapsht f ne’s preferences, nt a cmplete definitin f wh yu are. Fr example, if the test labels yu as an “intrvert” (性格内向的人), yu may feel tempted t avid scial cmmunicatin because yu think it’s nt in yur nature t be utging. But yu might find that yur ability t enjy scial events increases ver time. The key is nt t accept the label as an unchangeable fact. 17
Similarly, if yu are categrized as a “thinking” type, it might lead yu t believe that yu are always ratinal 18 Emtinal respnse is als an essential part f human nature, and embracing them can enhance yur decisin-making prcess and relatinships.
Additinally, many peple get caught up in the idea that their “type” limits their careers r persnal chices. They might think, fr instance, that an “intrvert” wuld nt be a gd leader. 19 . Many intrverts achieve success thrugh careful listening and thughtful decisin-making. Dn’t let de MBTI label stp yu frm pursuing pprtunities that feel right fr yu.
Finally, ne f the mst imprtant lessns we can learn frm the MBTI is that we are nt defined by ne test r label. 20 . By fcusing n ur strengths and embracing the full cmplexity f ur persnalities, we can lead richer and mre fulfilling lives. We are all mre than the labels we receive.
A．The reality is quite different.
B．The test results shuld be seen as a guide, nt a limitatin.
C．The MBTI system prvides a simple way t categrize individuals based n their preferences.
D．But there are cuntless examples f intrverts excelling in these types f rles.
E．Yu shuld see it as a starting pint fr self-reflectin and grwth.
F．Hwever, it’s essential t understand that bth parts f the persnality are valuable.
G．The MBTI system can smetimes prevent individuals frm realizing their full ptential.
Passage（2）
【福建省泉州市四校联考2024-2025学年高三下学期开学】Every time I put n my seat belt, check my mirrr and turn n the engine, I type in the address f wherever I’m ging int my phne. 16 Withut the guide f GPS — the Glbal Psitining System — nt nly wuld I be lst, I’d feel lst. It makes me wnder: Is there anything I can d t imprve my navigatin (导航) skills? The answer is yes. Here are sme steps yu can take t bst yur sense f directin.
17 If yu’re nt pressed fr time, give up the autmbile navigatin and try t find yur way arund twn. Next time yu g fr a walk, g dwn a rad yu’ve nt walked. Or take the scenic rute t yur favrite bar. This wrks if yu’re walking, biking r driving. Then see if yu can make it back hme withut a GPS.
Use landmarks t direct yurself. 18 T identify yur psitin, the experts suggest picking a few landmarks in twn t help navigate yurself. The ideal landmark is large and far away, like a big sign, a highway, a tall building r a bridge.
Be curius abut yur surrundings. Whether yu’re ging smewhere new r t a place yu’ve been t many times, it’s helpful t just turn arund and see what the view lks like behind yu. 19 This gives yu visual reminders n hw t get back.
Use memry tricks t remember where yu are. Peple with a gd sense f directin knw their streets. If yu aren’t such a persn, yu can try an expert navigatin methd. Cmmit street names, landmarks and rutes t memry by using tricks t lck things in. 20
A．Take yur time t map yur twn.
B．I have a terrible sense f directin.
C．Turn ff yur GPS and get lst n purpse.
D．What landmarks will yu recmmend t visitrs?
E．This is especially helpful when street names are abstract.
F．Nt sure if yu’re nrth, suth, east r west frm hme?
G．Lking at yur surrundings can help yu remember yur rute.
Passage（3）
【福建师范大学附属中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期末考】It is natural t cmpare urselves t thers and t get caught in a mental cmparisn lp, and yet this seldm is beneficial. Yu may have heard the expressin, “ 13 ” T me, this rings true as I have fund it is quite difficult t cmpare myself t thers and feel satisfied at the same time.
Cmparisn nt nly rbs us f delight, but it als fuels self-criticism and a lack f self-acceptance. 14 “I am nt as successful, cmpetent, attractive as they are.” “Why dn’t I have what they have?” We use cmparisn as an avenue fr self-criticism, “What’s wrng with me? I must be an exact lser.” This hinders self-acceptance.
We ften tell urselves we are acceptable nly if we meet certain standards, and we evaluate hw we measure up by lking at thers. The tendency is t cnclude that we are nt measuring up, particularly if we have a lw sense f self-wrth. 15 We dn’t just ask urselves, “What’s wrng with me?” We wrry what thers will think: “What’s wrng with them?” The lming sense f pssible rejectin creates uneasiness and anxiety.
16 It tells us that if we meet the expectatins, lse weight, get a prmtin, r buy a new huse, we will feel better, calmer, mre self-assured, and stp cmparing urselves. This may be temprarily true, yet, a cmparisn is an internal prcess that is ultimately based n ur thughts and sense f self, nt external circumstances. We can always find smething else t cmpare, anther expectatin we tell urselves we are nt meeting. 17 S cmparisn can destry ur awareness f persnal values gradually.
T stp cmparing urselves t thers, we have t recgnize that the cmparisn game is unwinnable and stp playing.
A．N cmparisn, n life.
B．Cmparisn is the thief f jy.
C．Cmparisn can even be misleading.
D．We are fcused n thers and nt n what is meaningful t us.
E．Typically, cmparisn will lead t feeling inadequate r inferir.
F．Shift frm being guided by cmparisn t being guided by values.
G．And we fear that we are ging t be judged by ur perceived failures.
Passage（4）
【广东省深圳市高级中学2024-2025学年高三上学期第三次诊断考试】Glaciers are melting; children are facing vilence; hatred is spreading. At times, it feels as if the wrld is reaching the bttm. 16 It’s ne f the mst pwerful and essential human mindsets, and pssible t achieve even when it feels ut f reach. Chan Hellman, a psychlgist, emphasizes that hpe is a teachable and attainable mindset, nt an inherent trait. Hw can we stay hpeful-even when it feels unattainable?
17
As children, we were ften warned against getting ur hpes up. Hwever, David Feldman, a prfessr studying hpe, ntes, “The truth is, whether r nt we allw urselves t hpe, at sme pint we’re ging t be disappinted. I think the slutin is allwing urselves t feel hpeful.
Set at least ne meaningful gal
In the mid-1980s, the psychlgist Charles Snyder identified three crucial factrs frming the basis f Hpe Thery, a mdel researchers still rely n tday: First, peple must think in a gal-riented way. Mre n the ther tw elements, pathways and agency.) Make it a pint t always be wrking tward at least ne gal that’s meaningful by nature, Feldman advises. 18 .
Brainstrm slutins
19 . Feldman explains it as having clear and feasible strategies fr gal attainment. If yu’ve set a gal that’s meaningful t yu, but yu can’t figure ut a way t achieve it, yu’ll prbably feel pretty hpeless. Peple wh are high in hpe, meanwhile, tend t have an alternative at the ready.
Call yur supprt team
Accrding t Snyder’s research, peple wh are hpeful tend t have a lt f “agency”, which means the mtivatin t actually achieve their gals. Getting a gd night’s rest, fllwing a healthy diet, and meditating can all prmte agency, Feldman says. 20 . Hwever, smetimes the strngest surce f agency is ther peple. When Feldman is feeling lw, he calls his father, wh’s his biggest cheerleader.
A．Seek fr hpe in lneliness
B．Give yurself permissin t be hpeful
C．The cure fr any despair might be hpe
D．Surrund yurself with supprtive peple
E．S can tapping int ur wn psitive beliefs abut urselves
F．Anther key element f Snyder’s Hpe Thery is “pathways”
G．It shuldn’t be smething yu have t d but smething yu want t d
Passage（5）
【湖北省武汉市第一中学2024-2025学年高三上学期12月联考】Have yu ever had a gal that n matter hw hard yu wrked, r hw many hurs yu dedicated, it just didn’t seem t make any prgress? Despite all yur best effrt, it felt like yu were running n a treadmill — wrking hard but nt ging anywhere. 16
Set yurself a re-evaluatin date. Smetimes, the fruits f yur labr can be like an iceberg. Only a small part is visible abve the water. 17 Self-dubt and anxiety abut whether yu’re making any prgress can sabtage yur gals even if yu’re in fact making significant prgress just belw the surface. If yu think yur gal might take sme time t manifest change, try setting a “re-evaluatin date” befre yu quit and give up n yurself t early. Fr a “re-evaluatin date”, simply pick a day n the calendar that makes sense fr the size and scpe f yur particular gal. Then refuse t rethink, reassess, r self-dubt yur decisins until that day.
18 There’s nthing mre demralizing and frustrating than feeling like yu’re cnstantly messing up r self-sabtaging yur wn gal. Instead f seeing setbacks and failures as negative things, reframe them in yur mind as learning experiences — and thse experiences can be sme f the best teachers!
Als fcus n enjying the ding. It’s easy t get caught up wrrying abut hw much prgress yu’re making and frget t enjy the actual jurney. 19 If yu cnstantly feel negative while wrking twards yur gal, yu’ll quickly cme t resent it and will be mre likely t quit.
S if yu’re feeling frustrated abut a gal, remember that there just might be a lt f things happening under the surface yu’re nt aware f. And remember, results aren’t everything. Learning, grwing, enjying yurself alng the way... 20
A．Yu will eventually see results.
B．But belw, a huge iceberg is frming.
C．Thse are the things that really matter.
D．Celebrate yur failures as much as yur successes.
E．Reframe all yur setbacks and failures as learning experiences.
F．If s, there are a few key things that can help yu stay n track.
G．If yu can find jy wrking twards yur gals, then yu will have wn half the battle.
Passage（6）
【河北省沧衡名校联盟2024-2025学年高三下学期开学考试】Virtual cmmunities are a grwing part f the digital age, prviding places where peple can gather and talk withut being limited by where they are physically. These nline envirnments prmte cnnectins based n shared interests rather than lcatins. 16 Peple frm different parts f the wrld and varius cultural backgrunds nw have a platfrm t cmmunicate and interact with each ther.
Take the frmatin f nline bk clubs fr instance. 17 Such exchanges wuld be challenging t wrk ut in traditinal settings, yet the Internet facilitates these interactins with ease.
While virtual cmmunities ffer great inclusivity, they als present unique challenges. Disagreements ften arise frm the diverse perspectives f members, which can lead t cnflicts within these digital spaces. 18 They prvide a safe haven (港湾) fr individuals t express themselves withut fear f judgment. Supprt grups, fr example, ffer cmfrt t thse struggling with persnal issues, allwing them t cnnect with thers wh share similar experiences.
Furthermre, virtual cmmunities have revlutinized the way we apprach wrk and educatin. Remte meetings and nline classes have becme cmmnplace, ffering flexibility and cnvenience that traditinal settings cannt match. 19 That’s because nline wrkshps have becme vital tls fr career skill enhancement.
20 Cyberbullying, misinfrmatin, and privacy theft are real cncerns that require careful attentin. It is necessary fr bth platfrm administratrs and users t maintain a culture f respect and pliteness within these spaces.
In shrt, virtual cmmunities prvide many chances t cnnect and learn, but we must watch ut fr ptential prblems. As these cmmunities develp with technlgical advances, we shuld explre them with enthusiasm and cautin (谨慎).
A．The rise f nline cmmunities relates t ecnmic advances.
B．Hwever, the dark side f virtual cmmunities cannt be ignred.
C．This shift has been particularly evident in prfessinal develpment.
D．Virtual cmmunities are nline places where peple can teach lessns.
E．Thus they expand the ptential reach f scial interactin t a glbal degree.
F．Despite these challenges, the advantages f virtual cmmunities are numerus.
G．Enthusiasts frm varius crners f the glbe can engage in literary discussins.
Passage（7）
【湖南省长沙四大名校2024-2025学年高三下学期2月月考】Creativity isn’t smething that cmes naturally t everyne. If yu aren’t an artist r smene in an “artsy” field, yu might wnder why creativity is imprtant. Here, yu may find the answer.
16 Creativity is the key t the dr f expressin, n matter what frm f creativity yu chse. It culd be painting r anything that brings interesting things ut. All cnveys hw yu really feel n the inside and reveals things yu may nt be cmfrtable abut.
Feeling discuraged and frustrated abut smething? 17 It takes yur mind ff what’s bthering yu while yu’ re still engaging yur mind in smething mre fun. Actually, creating smething, like baking, drawing, etc., is like running the engine f yur mind.
Thinking creatively always pens up pssibilities. 18 Oftentimes, peple get stuck in the mindset and patterns they used t emply t slve difficulties. While the ld way might still get the jb dne, if yur prblem-slving was mre creative, it culd give yu new perspectives t help yu d better.
Creativity has been prven in extensive research t relieve bth stress and anxiety. Smetimes, amng life’s respnsibilities, we frget that we need and deserve dwntime and self-care. 19 It’s like a cure fr yur mental health.
When yu think creatively and vercme challenges, yu’re prving t yurself that yu’re a capable persn. Creativity plays a part n yur way t self-recgnitin. 20
A．Creativity makes yu mre prductive.
B．Ding smething creative can help yu shake ff a bad md.
C．Turning t creativity can give yu mre f what yu need in this area.
D．Organizing yur thughts creatively makes them mre real and clearer.
E．Freedm f expressin is cnsidered imprtant t a persn’s well- being.
F．That’s because with creativity, peple can see things frm different angles.
G．During this lengthy rad, creativity allws yu t be aware f yur strengths.
Passage（8）
【湖南师范大学附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期2月月考】A lack f mtivatin can be the biggest barrier t reaching yur gals. When yu have n mtivatin t cmplete a task r even start ne, cnsider adpting the fllwing techniques t develp a plan fr self-mtivatin. 16 . Yu can make attempts at them t see which ne best helps yu.
Act as if yu feel mtivated
If yu’re struggling with mtivatin, try changing yur behavir t trick yurself int feeling mre mtivated. Fr example, instead f lying n the cuch in yur pajamas all day, get dressed and spring int actin. 17 .
Argue the ppsite
When yu’re feeling unmtivated, yu tend t cme up with a lng list f excuses fr nt taking any actin. Yu might think, “It’ll be t hard,” r “I’ll never get it dne anyway.” These thughts can keep yu stuck and blck yur prgress. 18 . This can help yu shift yur mindset and remind yu that achieving yur gal is pssible. 19
Yu might believe that being tugh n yurself is the way t mtivate yurself. But severe self-criticism desn’t wrk. Research suggests that treating yurself with warmth and understanding is a mre effective mtivatr, especially in times f difficulty. S rather than beat yurself up fr mistakes, create a gentle inner dialgue.
Fllw the 10-minute rule
20 . But nce yu’ve taken that first step, it becmes much easier t keep ging. If yu’re feeling hesitant abut beginning a task, try using the 10-minute rule. Allw yurself t quit after just 10 minutes if yu need t. When yu reach the 10-minute mark, yu’ll prbably find that yu have enugh mtivatin t cntinue.
A．Practice self-kindness
B．Having a sense f rules is very imprtant
C．Getting started n a task is usually the hardest part
D．Yu may find that it will stimulate yu t make effrts
E．Learning t challenge them can help yu mve frward
F．Keep in mind that nt every strategy wrks fr everyne
G．Instead, fcus n the factrs that culd lead t yur success
Passage（1）
【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Overturism Is Fr Real: Hw Can Yu Help?
Travel prmtes understanding, expands ur minds, makes us better peple, and bsts lcal ecnmies and cmmunities, but the rapid grwth f travel has led t verturism in certain regins and destinatins. ___16___ Certainly nt. The lss f what travel ffers wuld be unacceptable in tday’s wrld. Here are sme tips n making wise decisins t minimize pressure n the places we visit and imprve ur experience.
●Chse mindfully. Overvisited destinatins are that way fr a reasn: they’re special. With s many nline psts featuring the same places, it’s easy t feel like yu’re missing ut. G smewhere nly when the landscape, culture r fd deeply draws yu. ___17___
●Get creative. The best way t ease pressure n ver-turisted destinatins is t g smewhere else. Thugh verturism is described as a prblem affecting the entire wrld, it’s actually cncentrated t a small number f extremely ppular spts. That means yu have tns f less-visited ptins t chse frm. ___18___ Why nt try a reginal alternative r check ut a ppular destinatin’s lesser-knwn sights?
● ___19___ Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping majr hlidays r rush hur. Yu’ll cmpete with fewer turists, save mney, experience a different side f a ppular place, and bst the ecnmy when turism is traditinally slwer.
Visiting a place that thers call hme is a privilege(荣幸). D yur part t preserve what makes a destinatin special in the first place. ___20___ Yu may be amazed hw much clser yu’ll feel t the peple there.
A. Visit during ff-peak times.
B. S, shuld we stp traveling?
C. Travel fr yu and n ne else.
D. Can verturism be avided then?
E. Yu can still find relatively undiscvered places.
F. Yu’ll find yurself virtually alne, r clse t it.
G. Cnsider giving back t the cmmunities yu’re visiting.
Passage（2）
【2024全国甲卷】What is mderatin (适度)? Basically, it means eating nly as much fd as yur bdy needs. Yu shuld feel satisfied at the end f a meal, but nt t full. ____16____ But it desn't mean saying gdbye t the fds yu lve.
Take yur time. It's imprtant t slw dwn and think abut fd as smething nutritius rather than just smething t eat in between meetings. ____17____ It actually takes a few minutes fr yur brain t tell yur bdy that it has had enugh fd, s eat slwly and stp eating befre yu feel full.
Eat with thers whenever pssible. Eating alne, “specially in frnt f the TV r cmputer, ften leads t mindless vereating. And be careful abut the fds yu keep at hand. It's mre challenging t eat in mderatin if yu have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like ckies. ____18____
Cntrl emtinal (情绪的) eating. ____19____ Many f us als turn t fd t deal with unpleasant emtins such as sadness, lneliness, r bredm. But by learning healthier ways t manage emtins, yu can regain cntrl ver the fd yu eat and yur feelings.
____20____ A healthy breakfast can start yur metablism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals keeps yur energy up all day. Avid eating late at night. Try t eat dinner earlier and fast fr 14 — 16 hurs until breakfast the next mrning. Studies suggest that eating nly when yu're mst active and giving yur digestive system a lng break each day may help t regulate weight.
A Eat prperly thrughut the day.
B. We dn't always eat just t satisfy hunger.
C. Dn't swallw a meal n the way t wrk.
D. Mst f us need t duble the amunt we eat.
E. Instead, surrund yurself with healthy chices.
F. Fr many f us, mderatin means eating less than we d nw.
G. That wn't lead t cheating r giving up n yur new eating plan.
Passage（3）
【2024北京卷】If yu want t develp maximum credibility (可信性), is it better t be a hedgehg (刺猬) r a fx? Accrding t Isaiah Berlin, the hedgehg knws ne thing very well, and the fx knws a lt f things.
Is there a clear advantage f ne style ver the ther? Hedgehg thinkers tend t answer yes. ___35___ And they are usually very credible in ding s. Accrding t Jim Hart, the “hedgehg cncept” is ne f the factrs that lead cmpanies t greatness. They fcus n ne thing and d it really well. They figure ut what they are gd at. ___36___ The hedgehg cncept makes perfect sense fr cmpanies.
___37___ Philip Tate has studied the track recrds f thse flks n the Sunday talk shws wh make predictins abut what will happen. He has fund that hedgehgs are nt nly wrng mre ften than fxes, but that they are less likely t recgnise r admit that they are wrng when events d nt match their predictins.
The advantage that fxes have is that they are mre likely t seek ut new infrmatin frm a brader range f surces, and are cmfrtable with uncertainty and new infrmatin. ___38___ They try t include it in their viewpint rather than t exclude it frm their thinking. They als have a clearer estimatin f what they knw and dn’t knw.
S, which is better? The questin can be answered in a fxy hedgehg style. ___39___ The chice between being a hedgehg r a fx is a false trade-ff. The mst effective way t g thrugh life is t try t be that rare mixture knwn as fxy hedgehg.
A. In ther wrds, there are clear advantages fr each.
B. They are mre likely t remember peple’s mistakes.
C. Hence, they have the advantage f clarity and cnfidence.
D. But there can be a dwnside t cncentratin n ne big thing.
E. Hwever, hedgehgs remain pen t thers’ reactins and inputs.
F. When smething is cntradictry t their view, they dn’t treat it as exceptinal.
G. They cme dwn squarely n ne side r the ther and fully supprt their psitin.
Passage（4）
【2024浙江1月卷】In the past few years, nline learning has becme a significant part f the university and cllege experience. ___16___ But are all nline curses created equal? Hw can yu be sure that digital learning is right fr yu? ___17___
We interviewed students and prfessrs t get their advice abut nline curses, The mst bvius advantage f nline learning is that yu can study anywhere and anytime. ___18___ “I think a pint that many peple lse sight f is hw easy it can be t fall behind schedule,” says graduate student Amanda Bindman. Befre chsing t study nline, cnsider whether yu’re a self-mtivated learner and if the material seems interesting enugh t keep yu ging.
The tip that cmes up mst ften is simple: build nline curses int yur weekly schedule, just like what yu wuld d with in persn curses. ___19___ He nted that his nline students usually end up with lwer grades. It is s easy t let an nline curse slide, but yur grades will suffer as a result. Be sure t schedule set times t watch yur lectures, read materials and cntribute t nline discussin bards.
___20___ A scial cnnectin is ften a big part f learning. There are things yu can d t ease this prblem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking nline curses with a friend, s yu can mtivate each ther t stay n track. Yu can als find students n the class discussin bard t rganize a study grup, r schedule in-persn meeting s with yur prfessr t discuss curse cncepts.
A. But that desn’t mean there aren’t deadlines.
B. Yur mtivatin shuld be yur main cncern.
C. D yu knw that nline curses are als part f yur educatin?
D. Prfessr Alex Davidsn teaches the same curse in persn and nline.
E. The chief cmplain t abut nline curses is that they lack human interactin.
F. If yu take an nline curse, what can yu d t ensure the best pssible grade?
G. A survey fund that 29 percent f cllege students registered fr nline curses.
Passage（5）
【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Persnal Frgiveness
Taking respnsibility fr mistakes is a psitive step, but dn’t beat yurself up abut them. T err (犯错) is human. ____16____ Yu can use the fllwing writing exercise t help yu d this.
In a jurnal r n a piece f paper, put the heading “Persnal strengths.” ____17____ Are yu caring? Creative? Generus? A gd listener? Fun t be arund? They dn’t have t be wrld-changing, just aspects f yur persnality that yu’re prud f.
At the tp f a secnd page, put the heading “Acts f kindness.” On this ne, list all the psitive things yu’ve dne fr thers. It might be the time when yu helped a friend with their hmewrk, when yu did the irning withut being asked, r when yu baked ckies after the family had had a tiring day. ____18____
Yu culd ask a friend r family member t help add t yur list. ____19____ That way, yu culd exchange thughts n what makes each f yu special and the aspects f yur persnality that shine thrugh. In fact, dn’t wait until yu’ve made a mistake t try this—it’s a great way t bst self-cnfidence at any time.
It’s smething f a cliché (陈词滥调) that mst peple learn nt frm their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. ____20____ We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a psitive way t develp and grw.
A. A little self-frgiveness als ges a lng way.
B. Nw list all the characteristics yu like abut yurself.
C. They might even like t have a g at ding the exercise.
D. It’s just as imprtant t shw yurself sme frgiveness.
E. It desn’t mean yu have t ignre what’s happened r frget it.
F. Whatever it is, n matter hw small it might seem, write it dwn.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect f yur persnality.
技巧一：从细节逻辑上判断---因果关系
在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，明白这几句话的确切意思，然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上，判断它们之间的关系来进一步确认答案。因果关系主要指前后的句子有着原因和结果之间的关系，这种关系往往说明了前因后果或者前果后因等情况。表示因果关系的连词有As a result结果------，thus/therefre因此，s (such)...如此------以至于等。
技巧二：从细节逻辑上判断---转折关系
转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。表示转折关系的连接词有：Hwever然而, nevertheless仍然，然而，不过, nnetheless尽管如此，依然，然而, still还；然而, thugh可是，不过，然而, yet然而, in spite f不顾，不管, at any rate无论如何，至少, in any case无论如何，不管怎样, whever无论是谁, whatever无论什么，n the cntrary正相反, in cntrast与此相反, 相比之下, by cntrast相反, 相比之下, in cmparisn比较起来，比较地, by cmparisn相比之下, cnversely相反(地), therwise否则；除此以外，nt---but不是-----而是，as well也等。
技巧三：从细节逻辑上判断---例证关系
前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式多样，但就其本质而言无非是思维上的形象（例子、类比等）和抽象（观点）的辩证关系，用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳（从例子到观点）和推理（从观点到例子）。
技巧四：从细节逻辑上判断---递进关系
递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。表示递进关系的连词有：als也, 而且, further另外(的)；, furthermre而且，此外, likewise同样地，照样地；也，又, similarly相似地，类似地, mrever而且再者，此外, in additin另外，加之, what’s mre更重要的是, t也，还, either也, neither两者都不, nt nly…but als不但…而且等。
技巧五：从细节逻辑上判断---平列关系
表示列举关系的有：first首先, 第一, secnd第二, third第三…; firstly第一, 首先, secndly第二(点)；其次, thirdly第三…; first第一, next其次, then那么, 然后…; in the first place第一，首先, in the secnd place第二, 其次…; fr ne thing首先，一则, fr anther thing其次…; t begin with首先，第一, t cnclude首先，第一等
技巧六：从词汇线索上判断---代词
英语表达中的代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。
技巧七：从词汇线索上判断---同义词/近义词
英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言，上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下义词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同义/近义词。
技巧八：从词汇线索上判断---上下义词/同一范畴词
上下义词和同一范畴词就是前者包含了后者，或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。利用前后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题。
技巧九：从试题位置上判断---问题在段首
假如问题出现在段首，它通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。另外着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段，尤其当选项是几句话时。
技巧十：从试题位置上判断---问题在段尾
所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。分析与前文是转折或是对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。段尾通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefre, as a result, thus, hence, in shrt, t sum up, t cnclude, in a wrd等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。