高考英语二轮专题-虚拟语气(知识清单)(教师版)
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这是一份高考英语二轮专题-虚拟语气(知识清单)(教师版),共20页。学案主要包含了跟踪训练,2018·北京,2018·天津,参考答案等内容,欢迎下载使用。
01 一二三四类动词接宾语从句
1.一二三四类动词接从句谓语用shuld+动词原形,且shuld可以省略。
一坚持insist,二命令rder, cmmand,三建议advise, suggest, recmmend,四要求demand, desire, require, request。还有desire, advcate, ask等动词也有类似用法。
The fficer rdered that the sldiers (shuld) crss the river immediately.
军官命令士兵们立即过河。
The wrkers demanded that their wages (shuld) be increased.
工人们要求涨工资。
They asked that the meeting (shuld) be pstpned.
他们要求会议延期。
2.insist表示“坚决要求”时,其后宾语从句用虚拟语气;表示“坚持认为”时,其后宾语从句用陈述语气。
The manager insisted that the meeting (shuld) be held immediately.
经理坚持要求立即召开会议。
He insisted that he was inncent, thugh n ne believed him.
他坚称自己是无辜的,尽管无人相信。
3.suggest表示“建议”时,其后宾语从句通常用虚拟语气;表示“暗示”“表明”等时,其后宾语从句用陈述语气。
The dctr suggested that he (shuld) take a rest.
医生建议他休息一下。
What he said suggested that he was nt suited fr the jb.
他说的话暗示他不适合这份工作。
4.It is/was+一二三四类动词的过去分词+that…从句谓语用shuld+动词原形,且shuld可以省略。
It was suggested that a new hspital (shuld) be built in the twn.
当时有人建议在镇上建一所新医院。
It was required that all applicatins (shuld) be submitted by Friday.
当时要求所有申请需在周五前提交。
02 一二三四类名词接从句
一二三四类动词派生来的名词后接从句,该从句谓语动词用shuld+动词原形,且shuld可以省略。这些名词有:rder命令, cmmand命令, advice建议, suggestin建议, requirement要求,request请求,demand要求, desire要求。
His cmmand was that the wrk (shuld) be finished by Friday.(表语从句)
他的命令是这项工作必须在周五前完成。
The cmpany has a requirement that all emplyees (shuld) attend the training. (同位语从句)
公司有一项要求,所有员工必须参加培训。
03 It is strange/a pity that..从句
1.It is strange(necessary, strange…) that..从句谓语用shuld+动词原形,且shuld可以省略。
It was surprising that she (shuld) leave withut saying gdbye.
令人惊讶的是,她竟然没道别就走了。
It is essential that the data (shuld) be checked twice.
这些数据必须检查两遍,这很关键。
2. It is strange(necessary, strange…) that..若从句涉及已经发生的动作,则应用shuld have dne。
It is necessary that we shuld have finished the task befre last Friday.
我们本有必要在上周五前完成这项任务的。
It is a shame that she shuld have given up the pprtunity t study abrad.
她竟然放弃了出国留学的机会,真是太可惜了。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. It’s suggested in the reprt that gvernment expense (reduce) t increase teachers’ salaries.
1. be reduced/shuld be reduced
解析:考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意:报告中建议降低政府开支,提高教师工资。suggest表示“建议”,所以主语从句中的谓语用(shuld) +动词原形,从句主语gvernment expense与动词reduce之间为被动关系,故填(shuld) be reduced。
2. It was prpsed that the huse (preserve) as it had been when the great writer lived in it.
2. shuld be preserved/be preserved
解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:有人提议,这座房子应该保持它在那位伟大的作家居住时的样子。句中It是形式主语,that引导从句作真正的主语,主句中包含动词prpse,则从句应该使用shuld d的虚拟语气,其中shuld可以省略,且结合语意,房子应该是被保护的,所以应使用被动语态。故填shuld be preserved/be preserved。
3. Many peple in the neighburhd recmmended that the ld bus statin (replace) with a mdern ne.
3. be replaced/shuld be replaced
解析:考查虚拟语气和动词语态。句意:附近的许多人都建议用现代化的公共汽车站取代旧的公共汽车站。recmmend意为“建议”,后接宾语从句时,从句应用虚拟语气,即谓语用“shuld+动词原形”的形式,且shuld可以省略,结合“with a mdern ne”可知,replace“取代,替换”和the ld bus statin之间为被动关系,应用被动语态。故填(shuld) be replaced。
4. The editr insisted that at least 300 wrds (cut) ut f my article befre it culd be published.
4. shuld be cut/be cut
解析:考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意:编辑坚持要从我的文章中至少删去300字才能发表。insist在句中表示“坚决主张”,that从句中用“shuld+动词原形”的虚拟语气,shuld可省略,字是被删去,要用被动语态,因此空格处是(shuld) be cut。故填(shuld) be cut。
5. The educatin experts suggested mre attentin (pay) t prtecting the students’ eyes.
5. shuld be paid/ be paid
解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:教育专家建议应更加关注保护学生的眼睛。suggest表示“建议”时,其后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气,从句谓语使用“shuld+动词原形”,其中shuld可以省略,结合语意,attentin与pay之间为被动关系,应用被动语态,即(shuld) be paid。故填(shuld) be paid。
6. Althugh Tm insisted that he (hand) in his hmewrk yesterday, Mr Wang still insisted he _________ (d) it again.
6. had handed,shuld d/d
解析:考查时态和虚拟语气。句意:尽管汤姆坚持说他昨天已经交了作业,王老师仍然坚持要他再做一遍。insist在表示 “坚持说,坚持认为” 时,从句根据实际情况用相应的时态;由 “yesterday”可知 “交作业”发生在 insisted之前,即过去的过去,应用过去完成时 “had + 过去分词”,hand 的过去分词是 handed,所以第一空填 had handed。insist在表示“坚决要求” 时,其后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气,即谓语动词用 “(shuld) + 动词原形”,shuld 可以省略,所以第二空填 (shuld) d。故填had handed ;(shuld) d。
7. It’s a pity that her husband (attempt) t deal with this prblem in such a stupid way.
7. shuld attempt/attempt
解析:考查动词。句意:她的丈夫竟然想用如此愚蠢的方法来解决这个问题,太遗憾了。在It is a pity that...句型中,that后的从句一般用虚拟语气,谓语应用shuld d形式,其中shuld可以省略。故填(shuld) attempt。
8. The teacher’s requirement is that every student (invlve)in the plan r they wn’t pass the final exam.
8. be invlved
解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:老师的要求是每个学生都要参与这个计划,否则他们就不能通过期末考试。分析句子,requirement 后接表语从句时,从句应用虚拟语气,即从句谓语用“shuld +动词原形”,shuld可省略。同时every student和invlve之间是被动关系,故使用情态动词的被动语态结构。故填be invlved。
9. My suggestin is that mre peple frm all walks f life (encurage) t finance the prject with their deeper lve fr these children.
9. shuld be encuraged/be encuraged
解析:考查谓语动词。句意:我的建议是,应该鼓励更多来自各行各业的人怀着对这些孩子更深的爱来资助这个项目。分析句子结构可知,此处应为表语从句的谓语,suggestin意为“建议”,其后的表语从句的谓语动词形式应为“shuld+动词原形”,且shuld可以省略,encurage与主语“mre peple frm all walks f life”之间为被动关系,所以此处应为shuld be encuraged,且shuld可以省略。故填(shuld) be encuraged。
10. The head teacher made a request that a meeting (schedule) t arrange fr the upcming anniversary f the schl’s funding day.
10. be scheduled
解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:校长要求召开一次会议,为即将到来的建校纪念日作安排。此处从句主语与谓语构成被动关系,且同位语从句为虚拟语气,shuld+动词原形,shuld可以省略。故填be scheduled。
01 if虚拟条件句用法
If it were sunny tday, we wuld g t the park.
如果今天晴天,我们就去公园了。
If she had seen yu yesterday, she wuld have asked yu abut it.
要是她昨天看到你,她就要向你问起这件事。
If it rained/were t rain/shuld rain tmrrw, we wuld nt g climbing.
如果明天下雨我们就不去爬山了。
02 if错综条件句用法
if错综条件句和主句与不同时间相反,则根据主从句位置和事实区别对待对号入座。
If he had studied hard in cllege, he wuld have a better jb nw.(主句与现在事实相反)
如果他大学时努力学习,现在就会有一份更好的工作了。
If we had bked the tickets in advance, we wuld leave fr the trip next Mnday. (主句与将来事实相反)
如果我们提前订了票,下周一就能去旅行了。
03 If虚拟句省略用法
if条件句若省略if,则把were/ shuld/ had提前到句首构成部分倒装句。
原句:If I were in yur psitin, I wuld accept the ffer.
倒装句:Were I in yur psitin, I wuld accept the ffer.
翻译:如果我处于你的位置,我会接受这个提议。
原句:If yu shuld need any help, please call me.
倒装句:Shuld yu need any help, please call me.
翻译:万一你需要帮助,尽管打电话给我。
原句:If we had knwn the truth earlier, we culd have prevented the accident.
倒装句:Had we knwn the truth earlier, we culd have prevented the accident.
翻译:如果我们早知道真相,就能阻止这场事故了。
04 含蓄条件句用法
有些句子没有明确的 if 条件句,但通过介词withut、短语 but fr或副词therwise暗示了虚拟的条件,这类句子被称为“含蓄条件句”。其中,withut, but fr, therwise 等词相当于隐含的 “if nt”,其后的主句需根据所虚拟的时间使用对应的虚拟语气形式。
Withut electricity, mdern life wuld be impssible.
没有电,现代生活就不可能存在。
The prject wuld have failed but fr their effrts.
要不是他们的努力,这个项目早就失败了。
I frgt t set the alarm, therwise I wuldn’t have verslept.
我忘了设闹钟,否则就不会睡过头了。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. But fr the help f my English teacher, I wuld nt (win) the first prize in the English Writing Cmpetitin.
1. have wn
解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:要不是我的英语老师的帮助, 我不会在英语写作比赛中获得第一名。根据句意及But fr可知,本题是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,主句使用wuld (nt) have dne结构。故填have wn。2. Withut the dctr’s timely peratin, the little girl __________ (will, lse) her life.
2. wuld have lst
解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:若不是医生及时进行了手术,这个小女孩就会丧命了。withut介宾结构表示含蓄的虚拟条件,此句表示与过去事实相反的假设,谓语用“wuld+have+过去分词”。故填wuld have lst。
3. If I (see) him tmrrw, I wuld invite him hme.
3. saw/shuld see/were t see
解析:考查虚拟语气用法。句意:如果我明天见到他,我会邀请他回家。分析句子可知,这里为If引导的虚拟语气句型,与将来事实相反,从句用过去式/ shuld d/ were t d。故填saw/ shuld see/ were t see。
4. he t leave tday, he wuld get there by Friday.
4. Were
解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:要是他今天出发,星期五就能到那儿。根据下文“he wuld get there by Friday(星期五就能到那儿)”可知,此处是对将来情况的虚拟,从句用一般过去时,be动词应用were,if 从句中如果有were t d结构,可以把 if 省略,将 were 提到主语前面,形成倒装,句首单词首字母大写,故填 Were。
5. there n mdern telecmmunicatins, we wuld have t wait fr weeks t get news frm arund the wrld.
5. Were
解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:要是没有现代化的通讯,我们将不得不等待若干个星期才能获得来自世界各地的消息。结合“we wuld have t”可知,句子使用了虚拟语气,“要是没有现代化的通讯”是对现在情况的一种假设,故从句中使用一般过去时,省略if后把were提到从句主语之前,且句首单词的首字母应大写。故填Were。
6. If they (warn) f the danger f travelling n the lnely island ahead f time, they wuld nt be trapped there nw.
6. had been warned
解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:如果他们提前被警告了在孤岛旅行的危险,他们现在就不会被困在那里了。分析句子可知,主句“they wuld nt be trapped there nw”是对现在事实的虚拟,那么从句就是对过去事实的虚拟,此时从句中的谓语动词应为“had+过去分词”形式,又因为“they”与“warn”之间是被动关系,所以从句的谓语动词应为had been warned。故填had been warned。
7. We were delayed at the airprt; therwise we (be) here by lunchtime.
7. wuld have been
解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:我们在机场被耽搁了;否则我们午餐时间就到了。therwise可以用于虚拟语气中,结合上文We were delayed at the airprt可知是对过去的虚拟,应用:wuld have dne。故填wuld have been。
8. If I (have) a chance t live my life again, I wuld g t university because I had a dream t becme an engineer when I was yung.
8. had
解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:如果我能有机会重新过我的生活,我会去上大学,因为我年轻时的梦想是成为一名工程师。根据句意以及主句谓语动词“wuld g t”可知,此处表示与现在事实相反的假设,从句谓语动词用一般过去时。故填had。
9. If he (cme) here yesterday, he wuld have seen his ld friend.
9. had cme
解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:如果他昨天来了,他就会见到他的老朋友了。分析句子可知,这里考查对过去情况的虚拟,在对过去情况进行虚拟时,if 引导的条件状语从句中,谓语动词要用“had + 过去分词”的形式。故填had cme。
10. The printer is f gd quality. If it (break) dwn within the first year, we wuld repair it at ur expense.
10. shuld break/ brke
解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:这台打印机质量很好。如果它在第一年内坏了,我们会自费修理。空处是if引导的条件状语从句的谓语动词,根据句意及主句“we wuld repair it at ur expense”可知,句子应用了虚拟语气,表达将来的假设情况,空处应用shuld break或过去式形式brke。故填shuld break/brke。
01 I wish that….句型
I wish that…从句与过去、现在、将来事实相反,分别用had dne, did, wuld/culd d。
He wishes he hadn’t said thse wrds.
他真希望自己没说过那些话。
She wishes her bss culd give her a prmtin next mnth.
她希望老板下个月能给她升职。
02 If nly….句型
if nly表示“如果……该多好”,与过去、现在、将来事实相反,分别用had dne, did, wuld/culd d。
If nly the traffic weren’t s heavy.
要是交通不这么拥堵就好了。
If nly we had knwn the truth earlier.
要是我们早点知道真相该多好。
03 I wuld rather that….句型
I wuld rather that…从句与过去事实相反用过去完成时,与现在、将来相反用一般过去时。
She’d rather that she had chsen a different majr.
她宁愿自己当初选了别的专业。
I’d rather that I hadn’t said anything.
我宁愿自己当初什么都没说。
易错提醒:与将来事实相反,从句仍然用一般过去时。
04 It is high time that…句型
It is high/abut time that..后面常用did或shuld d, shuld不能省,意为“早该……”。
It is high time that the gvernment tk actin t prtect the envirnment.
政府早该采取行动保护环境了。
It is high time that he shuld aplgize fr his rude behavir.
他早该为自己的粗鲁行为道歉了。
易错提醒:该句型中shuld不能省略。
05 It lks as if….句型
“It lks as if...”句型意为 “看起来好像……”,用于根据表象或观察对某事做出推测或判断, 与过去、现在相反,分别用had dne, did。
It lks as if the huse were abandned, but smene lives here.
这房子看起来好像被遗弃了,但其实有人住。
The grund is dry, but it lks as if it had rained last night.
地面是干的,但看起来好像昨晚下过雨。
易错提醒:如果事实清楚,说话人有把握,从句也可以用陈述语气。
It lks as if the children are having a gd time in the park.
看起来孩子们在公园里玩得很开心。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. It seemed as if everything in my childhd (happen) just recently.
1. had happened
解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:好像我童年的一切都是最近才发生的。as if引导的从句中用虚拟语气,由seemed可知,句子表示与过去相反的事实,因此用过去完成时,故填had happened。
2. I wish I (learn) mre abut Neuschwanstein Castle befre! The details n the buildings there are s unusual.
2. had learned/had learnt
解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:我真希望我以前对新天鹅堡了解得更多!那里的建筑细节太不寻常了。wish后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气,由“befre”以及句意可知,从句陈述与过去事实相反的愿望,从句使用过去完成时;learn的过去分词为learned/learnt。故填had learned/learnt。
3. I wish I (attend) her wedding last Tuesday, but I was n business in Mscw then.
3. had attended
解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:我真希望我上周二参加了她的婚礼,但当时我正在莫斯科出差。attend“参加”。本空为wish后面的宾语从句的谓语,从句描述的事情是对过去事情的相反的假设,谓语用过去完成时。故填had attended。
4. My husband is always talking abut the ecnmy, but I’d rather he (fcus) mre n ur children’s educatin.
4. fcused
解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:我丈夫总是谈论经济,但我宁愿他多关注一下我们孩子的教育。分析句子结构可知,此处应为“wuld rather+从句”结构,从句中的谓语动词通常使用虚拟语气,根据并列句的谓语动词is always talking可知,此处表示的是现在的情况,所以谓语动词应使用一般过去时,fcus与句子主语he之间为主动关系。故填fcused。
5. —Yur aunt invites yu t g t the mvies tday.
—I wuld rather she (tell) me tmrrw than tday.
5. tld
解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:——你阿姨今天邀请你去看电影。——我宁愿她明天告诉我而不是今天。固定句式:wuld rather 主语+谓语动词,表示“宁愿……”,句子用虚拟语气,此处与现在的事实相反,句子用一般过去时态,故填tld。
6. When a pencil is partly in a glass f water, it lks as if it (break).
6. were brken
解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:当一支铅笔的一部分放在一杯水里时,它看起来好像断了。根据句意及所给句子可知,此处表示与现在事实相反的情况,应用一般过去时,be动词使用were,“中断的”使用形容词brken。故填were brken。
7. Therefre, it is high time that we (take) effective measures t imprve the current situatin.
7. tk/shuld take
解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:因此,现在真是我们采取有效措施改善现状的时候了。根据固定句型it is high time that sb. did/shuld d sth.“真是某人做某事的时候了”可知,that引导的定语从句要用虚拟语气,谓语部分结构为did/shuld d,shuld不能省。故填tk/shuld take。
8. Lk at the truble we are in. If nly we (take)ur teacher's advice.
8. had taken
解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:看看我们所处的困境,要是我们听了老师的建议就好了! If nly表示“要是就好了!”,根据Lk at the truble we are in. 可知此处表示对过去的情况的假设,应用过去完成时:had dne。故填had taken。
9. —I went t see The Wandering Earth last night. It was fantastic!
—Yu were s lucky! Hw I wish I (get)the ticket t.
9. had gt
解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:—我昨晚去看了《流浪地球》,太棒了!—你真幸运!我真希望我也能拿到票。分析句子结构及句意可知此处缺少的是wish的宾语从句谓语动词,表达的是对过去发生的事情的虚拟,从句谓语动词应使用had dne,,故填had gt。
10. He has left fr Beijing. Hw I wish I (see) him ff at the statin, but I was t busy.
10. had seen
解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:他已经去北京了。 我多么希望我曾到车站送过他,但是我太忙了。 wish表示“但愿,要是……就记了”,后面接宾语从句,表示不能实现的愿望,从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气,根据后文I was t busy可知,表示过去不能实现的愿望时,从句谓语动词用“had+过去分词”。故填had seen。
虚拟语气特殊注意点
1.注意区分真实条件句和虚拟条件句。
例1: If it ____________(ran) tmrrw, we will cancel the picnic.
解析:句意:如果明天下雨,我们就取消野餐。根据主句时态will cancel推断这是真实条件句,应考虑“主将从现”。故填rains。
例2: If it ____________(ran) tmrrw, we wuld cancel the picnic.
解析:句意:如果明天下雨,我们就取消野餐。根据主句时态wuld cancel推断这是虚拟条件句,应考虑虚拟条件句与将来事实相反的用法。故填rained/shuld rain/were t rain。
2.注意区分是虚拟语气还是陈述语气。
例3: I wuld have helped yu last week, but I ____________(be) t busy.
解析:句意:上周我原本要帮助你,可是我(上周)太忙了(没有帮助你)。but后面是过去客观事实(上周太忙),因此后面应用陈述语气。故填was。
例4: I wuld have bught the ticket yesterday, but I ______________(frget) my wallet.
解析:句意:我昨天原本会买票的,但我忘带钱包了。but后面是过去客观事实(昨天忘带钱包),因此后面应用陈述语气。故填frgt。
3.注意区分是错综条件句还是一般虚拟条件句。
例5: If he had studied harder, he _______________(pass) the exam.
解析:句意:如果他当时更努力学习,他就通过考试了。结合句意判断本句主句和从句都与过去事实相反,因此主句应填wuld have passed。
例6: If yu had taken my advice, yu ________________(nt, be) in truble nw.
解析:句意:如果你当时听了我的建议,现在就不会陷入麻烦了。结合句意判断本句主句与过去事实相反,从句则与事实相反,因此应考虑错综条件句,故填wuldn’t be。
【跟踪训练】下列各题均有一个最佳答案。
1.—It rained cats and dgs this mrning. I’m glad we tk an umbrella.
—Yeah, we wuld have gt wet all ver if we ________ .
A.didn’tB.hadn’t
C.haven’tD.dn’t
1.B
解析:考查虚拟语气及省略。句意:—今天早晨雨下得很大。很高兴我们带了雨伞。—是的,如果我们没有带伞,全身都会湿透的。分析句子可知,表示对过去发生的事情的虚拟,if从句里要使用过去完成时“had dne”,主句部分使用“情态动词+have dne”,B项承前省略了taken an umbrella。故选B项。
2.If I _____it with my wn eyes ,I wuldn’t have believed it.
A.didn’t seeB.weren’t seeing
C.wuldn’t seeD.hadn’t seen
2.D
解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:如果不是我亲眼看到,我不会相信。根据后半句wuldn't have believed可以判断是对过去的虚拟。所以从句是if+主语+ had+dne的形式。故选D。
3.【2018·北京】They might have fund a better htel if they _________ a few mre kilmeters.
A.drveB.wuld drive
C.were t driveD.had driven
3.D
解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:如果他们多开几公里的话,他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might have fund a better htel”可知,该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if ____ a few mre kilmeters是条件句部分,表示对过去的虚拟,条件句部分要用过去完成时态,故D选项正确。
4.【2018·天津】If we ___________the flight yesterday, we wuld be enjying ur hliday n the beach
A.had caughtB.caught
C.have caughtD.wuld catch
4.A
解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话,现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知,从句表示与过去事实相反,故用had + v-ed。故选A。
5.The wrkers were nt better rganized, therwise they ________ the task in half the time.
A.accmplishedB.had accmplished
C.wuld accmplishD.wuld have accmplished
5.D
解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:工人们没有被更好的组织起来,否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the wrkers were nt better rganized可知,这是对过去事情的虚拟。表示与过去事实相反的假设,其句子结构为:从句:If+主语+过去完成时+其他,主句:主语+shuld(wuld, culd, might)+现在完成时+其他,故选D。
6.(2016·江苏卷·单项填空)If it_________ fr his invitatin the ther day, I shuld nt be here nw.
A.had nt beenB.shuld nt be
C.were nt t beD.shuld nt have been
6.A
解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:如果不是因为前几天他的邀请,我现在就不会在这里了。根据下文“我现在不应该在这里”可判断,考查错综时间虚拟条件句,根据从句中的the ther day可知,从句表示与过去相反的虚拟语气,使用过去完成时,故A项正确。
7.If he had spent mre time practicing speaking English befre, he ________ able t speak it much better nw.
A.will beB.wuld beC.has beenD.wuld have been
7.B
解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:如果他以前多花点时间练习英语口语,他现在就能说得好多了。if从句中的had spent暗示从句是跟过去事实相反的,而主句中的nw暗示主句跟现在事实相反,故用wuld d。故选B。
8.This printer is f gd quality.If it _______ break dwn within the first year, we wuld repair it at ur expense.
A.wuldB.shuldC.culdD.might
8.B
解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:这台打印机质量很好。如果在一年内发生故障,我们将自费修理。分析句子可知,本句为if的条件状语从句,且与将来事实相反的假设,所以从句形式为were t d、动词过去时或shuld 动词原形。故选B。
9.Grace desn’t want t mve t New Yrk because she thinks if she________there, she wuldn’t be able t see her parents very ften.
A.livesB.wuld live
C.has livedD.were t live
9.D
解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:Grace不想搬到纽约是因为她认为如果搬到那,她就不能经常看望她的父母了。根据关键词if,和主句中谓语动词wuldn’t be,可以判断出从句是表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气,条件句用were t d/did /shuld d…, 故选D。
10.(2017•天津) —D yu have Betty’s phne number?
—Yes. Otherwise, I ______able t reach her yesterday.
A.hadn’t beenB.wuldn’t have been
C.weren’tD.wuldn’t be
10.B
解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:--你有贝蒂的电话号码吗?--有。否则我昨天就联系不到她了。根据标志词therwise,相当于一个条件状语从句:If I hadn't have her phne number,即对过去的虚拟的条件状语从句,可以判断出主句用wuldn't have dne表示对过去情况的虚拟,故选B。
虚拟语气综合能力提升
一、单项填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. (2020江苏) If I hadn’t been faced with s many barriers, I __________(nt be) where I am.
2. (2019天津) The wrkers were nt better rganized, therwise they ____________(accmplish) the task in half the time.
3. (2019江苏) What a pity! Yu missed the sightseeing, r we _____________(have) a gd time tgether.
4. (2018天津)If we ___________(catch) the flight yesterday, we wuld be enjying ur hliday n the beach.
5. (2018江苏) It’s strange that he _______ have taken the bks withut the wner’s permissin.
6. (2018江苏)There is a gd scial life in the village, and I wish I _______(have) a secnd chance t becme mre invlved.
7. (2018北京) They might have fund a better htel if they _________(drive) a few mre kilmeters.
8. (2017北京) If the new safety system ______________(put) t use, the accident wuld never have happened.
9. (2017天津) —D yu have Betty’s phne number? —Yes. Otherwise, I ______(be) able t reach her yesterday.
10. (2017江苏)_______it nt fr the supprt f the teachers, the student culd nt vercme her difficulty.
【参考答案】
1. wuldn’t be 2. wuld have accmplished 3. wuld have had 4. had caught 5. shuld 6. had 7. had driven 8. had been put 9. wuldn’t have been 10. Were
二、单句改错 下列各句均有一处错误,请指出并纠正。
1. Sme classmates suggest we can g t places f interest nearby.
2. The manager prpsed that Tm was given an pprtunity t explain why he'd refused t g there.
3. If nly I listened t my parents, I might have passed the driving test!
4. The cnference wuldn’t have be s successful if we hadn't made adequate preparatin.
5. If nly there was sme magic buttn I culd push t take away the sadness in her eyes.
6.—Larry, such mistakes culd have avided if yu had been mre careful.
—Srry, sir. I'll d better next time.
7. I can't stand him. He always talks as thugh he knws everything.
8. I made the suggestin that she stuck t the plan she had made.
9. It was rdered that n smking was nt allwed in the library, which made the smkers unhappy.
10. Hw I wish I bught that skirt when it was available! Ugh! I regret it every time.
【参考答案】
1. 去掉can或者can改为shuld 2. was改为be 3. listened前加had 4. be改为been 5. was改为were 6. avided前加been 7. knws改为knew 8. stuck改为stick 9.第二个was改为be 10. bught前加had
场合
从句谓语
主句谓语
与现在事实相反
动词过去式(be用were)
wuld/culd/might+动词原形
与过去事实相反
had +动词过去分词
wuld/culd/might have dne
与将来事实相反
1.动词过去式(be用were)
2.were t +动词原形
3.shuld +动词原形
wuld/culd/might +动词原形
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