北京市北京师范大学附属中学高一上学期期末英语试题（解析版）-A4

这是一份北京市北京师范大学附属中学高一上学期期末英语试题（解析版）-A4，共23页。试卷主要包含了 本试卷有八道大题，共15页等内容，欢迎下载使用。
考生须知：
1. 本试卷有八道大题，共15页。考试时长100分钟，满分150分。
2. 考生务必将答案填写在机读卡和答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。
3. 考试结束后，考生应将机读卡和答题纸交回。
第Ⅰ卷
一、听力（本大题共20小题，共20分）
第一节
听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一遍。
1. What kind f car will the speakers buy?
A. The ne with tw drs. B. The ne in red. C. The ne with fur drs.
2. What will the wman d next?
A. Bk a htel n the Internet.
B. Visit the travel agency.
C. Give the agency a call.
3. What des the wman think f the Mgul?
A. It is wrth a try. B. It is nt ppular. C. It is far away.
4. What will the man prbably d tday?
A. Ask fr sick leave.
B. See a dctr after wrk.
C. Invite his manager t his huse.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking abut?
A. Where t g climbing. B. When t g climbing. C. Whether t g climbing.
第二节
听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6. What is the advantage f the jb in New Yrk?
A. It ffers better salary.
B. It prvides a higher psitin.
C. It is less stressful.
7. What is the man wrried abut?
A. The living cnditins. B. His language skills. C. The wrking envirnment.
听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。
8. What is the prbable relatinship between the speakers?
A. Old schlmates. B. Clleagues. C. Teacher and student.
9. What will the man d this weekend?
A. G back t cllege.
B. Visit sme places f interest.
C. Wrk in frnt f the cmputer.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What clr tie des the wman think matches the man’s jacket?
A. Green. B. Black. C. Red.
11. Why desn’t the wman like high heels?
A. They aren’t beautiful.
B. They are uncmfrtable t wear.
C. They dn’t match the dress.
12. What des the man mean in the end?
A. He knws a cafe nearby.
B. He can’t decide what t buy.
C. He desn’t want t g n shpping.
听第9段材料，回答第13至15题。
13. What is a new emplyee expected t have?
A. A psitive-attitude. B. A wide knwledge. C. Related experience.
14. What shuld a new emplyee d?
A. Try nt t ask t many questins.
B. Avid making any mistakes.
C. Be prperly dressed.
15. What will the speaker d next?
A. Share his secret. B. Answer sme questins. C. Change his subject.
第三节
听下面一段独白，完成第16至第20小题，每空只需填写一个词。听独白前，你有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你有90秒钟的作答时间。本段独白你将听两遍。
二、完形填空（本大题共10小题，共15分）
Lessn Plan
It was just an rdinary day. There was the usual ___1___ as the children greeted each ther. I lked ver my plan bk and I never felt better. It wuld be a gd day and we wuld ___2___ a lt. After we settled in fr ur reading class, I started t check their wrkbks.
When I came t Try, he had his head dwn as he shwed his unfinished ___3___ in frnt f me. He tried t pull himself back ut f my sight as he sat n my right-hand side. ___4___ I lked at the incmplete wrk and said, “Try, this is nt finished.”
He lked up at me with the mst begging eyes I had seen in a child and said, “I culdn’t d it last night because my mther is dying.” The sbs (抽泣) that fllwed ___5___ the entire class.
Hw ___6___ I was that he was sitting next t me. I tk him in my arms and his head rested against my chest. His sbs eched thrugh the rm and tears flwed. The children sat with tear-filled eyes in dead silence. Only Try’s sbs brke the stillness f that mrning class. One child ___7___ fr the tissue bx while I just pressed his little bdy clser t my heart.
“What d I d fr a child wh is lsing his mther?” Hlding back my tears, I said t the grup, “Let’s pray fr the recvery f his mther.” And everyne did s.
After sme time, Try lked up at me and said, “I think I will be kay nw.” He had exhausted his supply f tears; he released the ___8___ in his heart. Later that afternn, Try’s mther died.
When I went t the funeral (葬礼), Try rushed t greet me. He fell int my arms and just rested there awhile. He seemed t gain strength and curage, and then he led me t the cffin.
There he was able t lk int the face f his mther, t face ___9___ even thugh he might never be able t understand the mystery f it.
That night I went t bed feeling lucky fr the gd sense t ____10____ my reading plan and t hld the brken heart f a child in my wn heart.
1. A. embarrassmentB. excitementC. astnishmentD. disappintment
2. A. accmplishB. demandC. missD. recall
3. A. experimentB. assignmentC. instrumentD. argument
4. A. GraduallyB. HpefullyC. AccidentallyD. Naturally
5. A. frightenedB. annyedC. shckedD. impressed
6. A. gladB. surprisedC. prudD. disappinted
7. A. wishedB. racedC. preparedD. waited
8. A. desireB. pwerC. burdenD. guilt
9. A. difficultyB. failureC. deathD. srrw
10. A. carry utB. carry nC. set upD. set aside
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者虽然没有顺利完成自己的教学计划，但却抚慰了一个孩子破碎的心。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：孩子们互相问候时，像往常一样充满了兴奋。A. embarrassment尴尬；B. excitement激动；兴奋；C. astnishment惊讶；D. disappintment失望。根据“as the children greeted each ther.”可知，孩子们像往常一样充满了兴奋，相互打招呼。故选B。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这将是美好的一天，我们会有很多收获。A. accmplish完成，成就；B. demand要求；C. miss想念；D. recall回忆。根据“ I lked ver my plan bk and I never felt better. ”可知，作者认为自己的计划很好，所以作者认为将会收获很多。故选A。
【3题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我来到Try身旁时，他低着头在我面前展示他未完成的作业。A. experiment实验；B. assignment任务，作业；C.instrument乐器；D. argument争论。根据“I lked at the incmplete wrk and said, “Try, this is nt finished.””可知，Try的作业未完成。故选B。
【4题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：自然地，我看着未完成的作业说：“Try，这还没有完成。”A. Gradually逐渐地；B. Hpefully怀着希望地；C. Accidentally意外地；D. Naturally自然地。老师看到学生作业没完成，自然会如此说。故选D。
5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：随后的啜泣震惊了整个班级。A. frightened害怕；B. annyed恼怒；C. shcked震惊；D. impressed使印象深刻。Try的母亲快要死了，Try伤心的啜泣，这个消息令整个班级的学生震惊。故选C。
【6题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他坐在我旁边，我是多么庆幸呀。A. glad高兴的，情愿的，感激的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. prud自豪的；D.disappinted失望的。根据I tk him in my arms and his head rested against my chest. 可知因为Try坐在作者旁边，作者可以给他安慰，作者因此感到很庆幸。故选A。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个孩子跑向纸巾盒，而我只是把他小小的身体紧贴在我的心口。A. wished希望；B. raced赛跑；C. prepared准备；D. waited等待。这里指一个小孩子迅速跑向纸巾盒拿纸巾。故选B。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他卸下了心中的重担。A. desire渴望；B. pwer力量；C. burden负担；D. guilt愧疚。根据前文“After sme time, Try lked up at me and said, “I think I will be kay nw.””可知，Try认为自己会好起来，说明卸下了心中的重担。故选C。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那里，他能看到母亲的脸，面对死亡，尽管他可能永远无法理解死亡的奥秘。A. difficulty困难；B. failure失败；C. death死亡；D. srrw悲伤。根据“even thugh he might never be able t understand the mystery f it.”结合上文内容“Try的母亲去世了”，可知，对于这么小的孩子来说，虽然面对死亡，但却无法理解死亡的奥秘。故选C。
【10题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：那天晚上，我上床睡觉时感到很庆幸，因为我的理智把我的阅读计划放在一边，把一个孩子绝望的心放在了心上。A. carry ut实现；B. carry n从事；C. set up创立；D. set aside留出；把……放一边。根据 and t hld the brken heart f a child in my wn heart.以及结合上文内容，可知作者暂时把自己的教学计划搁置，去安抚一个心灵受伤的孩子。故选D。
三、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30分）
A
What it des
The self-cleaning dr handle is cmbining with advanced phtcatalytic (光催化) and blacklight technlgy. A light surce activates the dr’s handle cating, telling it t start cleaning. It can minimize the risk f infectin by cntact and imprve the cleanliness f a space.
Hw it wrks
The wrking principle f the prduct is that a thin advanced phtcatalytic cating can effectively remve bacteria (细菌) n the surface f a substance. A cnsistent UV light surce-inside a transparent glass dr handle - is required t activate the dr’s handle cating n the uter surface fr disinfectin, s a generatr is used t prvide electricity t light up a UV LED lamp by the mtin f an pening and clsing dr. Then, the dr handle can clean by itself.
Design prcess
We made the first versin by using stainless steel. Hwever, it caused the dr handle t be heavier. Then, we tried aluminum, which made it light and easy t fix. We als imprved the generatr utput which effectively turned energy frm dr mvement int a light surce.
Hw it is different
Our innvative design is simple, effective, and attractive. It has an elegant smth shape, and its minimalist appearance stands ut in tday’s wrld f inventins. Nwadays, peple use chemical cleaning materials t clean up public areas but it harms the human bdy. Our design can be used fr a lng time and is effective. It can self-clean after each use. In the dr lck and dr handle market, it is a unique design because there are n similar prducts.
Future plans
In the future, we will cmmercialize the prduct and hpe that it can cmpete n the market with similar prducts. We are ging t cnnect with public prperties, fr example, shpping malls, htels, hspitals and public restrms, where the risk f spreading infectin is higher.
Awards
In additin t winning the James Dysn Award, it has als received the Gld Award, and in 2016, it was featured in the 44th Internatinal Geneva Inventins Exhibitin.
11. Hw des the self-cleaning dr handle functin?
A. It cntrls the dr mvement autmatically.
B. It minimizes the risk f infectin by less cntact.
C. Chemical cleaning materials are used t clean it up.
D. The light surce tells the dr handle cating t clean itself.
12. Cmpared with the first versin f the prduct, the present ne is
A. safer and cheaperB. cleaner and easier
C. less heavy and mre effectiveD. mre attractive and expensive
13. What d we knw abut the new inventin accrding t the passage?
A. It has been widely used in public areas.
B. It is quite cmpetitive amng similar prducts.
C. It has received psitive respnses fr its innvatin.
D. It will replace traditinal chemical cleaning materials.
【答案】11. D 12. C 13. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了结合先进的光催化和黑光技术的自洁门把手。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据What it des中“A light surce activates the dr’s handle cating, telling it t start cleaning.(一个光源激活门把手涂层，告诉它开始清洁。)”可知，光源指示门把手涂层自行清洁。故选D。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据Design prcess中“We made the first versin by using stainless steel. Hwever, it caused the dr handle t be heavier. Then, we tried aluminum, which made it light and easy t fix. We als imprved the generatr utput which effectively turned energy frm dr mvement int a light surce.(我们用不锈钢制作了第一个版本。然而，它使门把手变重了。然后，我们尝试了铝，这使它更轻，容易修理。我们还改进了发电机的输出，有效地将门运动的能量转化为光源。)”可知，与第一代相比，目前这代产品更轻也更有效。故选C。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据Hw it is different中“In the dr lck and dr handle market, it is a unique design because there are n similar prducts.(在门锁和门把手市场，它是一个独特的设计，因为没有类似的产品。)”以及Awards中“In additin t winning the James Dysn Award, it has als received the Gld Award, and in 2016, it was featured in the 44th Internatinal Geneva Inventins Exhibitin.(除了获得詹姆斯·戴森奖，它还获得了金奖，并在2016年参加了第44届日内瓦国际发明展。)”可知，这款产品的创新得到了积极的回应。故选C。
B
Grwing up, Deka Ismail says she let labels define what she culd be. “I was a black girl, frm a refugee (难民) family,” Deka said. “It was as if I was nly allwed t explre in this predetermined bx.”
After a high schl chemistry class inspired her t think abut a career in science and gave her cnfidence in the field, Deka learned t live utside labels and began making big plans fr her future. Nw she is abut t begin her freshman year at the University f Califrnia, planning t becme a prfessr.
Brn and raised in San Dieg’s City Heights neighburhd, Deka is the daughter f a Smali refugee cuple. While sme might say Delta’s success happened in spite f her backgrund, she wuld say differently, that her experiences shaped her and inspired her t be the driven, yung scientist that she is tday.
When Deka was eight years ld, her mther gt a jb by studying hard back in schl in rder t supprt the whle family. That made Deka realize that educatin culd make a difference t ne’s life. She spent a lt f time in the library reading bks, and didn’t d many f the things her peers did, like partying r having rmantic relatinships.
“I always felt like I had t be the perfect girl fr my family,” Deka said. “Yu have t nt even d yur best but tw times better than everyne else. I felt like the whle wrld was waiting fr me t mess up.”
Delta’s effrts paid ff. The summer befre her senir year f high schl, she was accepted t the American Chemical Sciety Prject SEED Prgramme. “She brught bth enthusiasm and fcus,” Btham, a researcher at this research institute, recalled. “She arrived every day ready t wrk, ready t learn and ready t tackle new challenges regardless f whether r nt she had dne anything similar.”
When asked what advice she wuld give t thers like her, Deka warned them nt t underestimate themselves. “Dn’t tell yurself that the schlarship is t big r this prgramme is t cmpetitive r I'll never get int this schl,” she said. “I was nt sure whether I culd make it until I started seeing the acceptance letters rlling in.”
14. Frm the passage, we can learn that ________.
A. Deka was adpted by a refugee familyB. Deka spent a lt f time ging t parties
C. Deka became a prfessr after graduatinD. Deka’s experiences drve her t wrk hard
15. Deka realized the imprtance f educatin ________.
A. frm her mther’s experienceB. after her chemistry class
C. by reading bks in the libraryD. thrugh wrking at the institute
16. Accrding t the last paragraph, Deka advised that students be ________.
A. patientB. cnfidentC. ambitiusD. generus
17. What des the stry intend t tell us?
A. Life is nt all rses.B. Practice makes perfect.
C. Well begun is half dne.D. Hard wrk leads t success.
【答案】14. D 15. A 16. B 17. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。德卡是一个出生在难民家庭里的黑人女孩，8岁时受母亲的影响意识到了知识的重要性，从此树立了梦想。高中化学课激起了她对科学的兴趣，增强了她的自信心。通过努力她最终取得了成就。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第三段第三行“she wuld say differently, that her experiences shaped her and inspired her t be the driven, yung scientist that she is tday”（ 但她会说，不同的是，她的经历塑造了她，激励她成为今天这样一位干劲十足的年轻科学家。）可知，她的经历激励着她成为今天这样一个有干劲的年轻科学家，故选D项。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段前两句“When Deka was eight years ld, her mther gt a jb by studying hard back in schl in rder t supprt the whle family. That made Deka realize that educatin culd make a difference t ne’s life.”（在德卡8岁时，她的母亲为养活全家，通过重返校园学习获得了一份工作，这让德卡意识到教育能对一个人的生活有影响）可知，她从母亲的经历意识到教育的重要性，故选A项。
【16题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中德卡的话“Dn’t tell yurself that the schlarship is t big r this prgramme is t cmpetitive r I'll never get int this schl,”（不要低估自己，不要告诉自己奖学金目标太高远，或这个计划太有竞争力，也不要告诉自己永远进不了这个学校）可推知，她建议学生要有自信，故选B项。
【17题详解】
写作意图题。根据文章主要内容，尤其第四段的“She spent a lt f time in the library reading bks, and didn’t d many f the things her peers did, like partying r having rmantic relatinships.（她花了很多时间在图书馆看书，而且没有做很多她同龄人做的事情，比如参加聚会或建立浪漫关系）”和倒数第二段的“Delta’s effrts paid ff. The summer befre her senir year f high schl, she was accepted t the American Chemical Sciety Prject SEED Prgramme. （德卡的努力得到了回报。高中最后一年的前一个夏天，她被美国化学学会项目种子计划录取）”可知，本文主要讲述了黑人女孩努力奋斗最终成功的故事，由此可知，本文旨在告诉我们努力可以带来成功，故选D项。
【点睛】细节理解题
此题型是对文章具体细节的考查。通读全文或者部分段落，了解文中的重要事实或细节，然后遵循由整体到细节的原则，把握作者的思路，按全文---段落----词语的步骤来解题。
推理判断题
这种题型要求考生尽量考虑文章中全部信息和事实，在通篇理解文章的基础上，严格按照作者提供的信息推断出作者的言外之意。同时也可以采用以下两种推理技巧：
（1）针对作者态度、语气、风格、倾向的推断。文章中一般都会暗含着作者的观点和态度，在文章的首段或尾段一般表现最为明显，故考生要重点理解首尾段，提炼作者的观点。
（2）针对文章细节的推断。作者为了说明主题或者观点，肯定会做出一系列论述或解释，采用的方式可能是举例、论 证、摆事实或讲道理、提出问题或者指出事件的原因等。回答这类问题时，考生首先应仔细阅读原 文以确定推理依据的范围，然后按题意进行推断。
C
A grup f blue-faced birds step thrugh the grass shulder t shulder, red eyes lking arund. They lk like middle schlers seeking a cafeteria table at lunchtime. Perhaps they’re nt s different.
A new study led by Damien Farine, an rnithlgist wh studies cllective behaviur, shws that the vulturine guineafwl f eastern Africa, like humans, have multilevel scieties. In the past, scientists assumed such scial structures required a lt f brainpwer. But the pea-brained guineafwl are revealing the faults in that assumptin.
These large birds wander acrss the landscape in packs, ften walking s clsely that their bdies tuch. They may fight each ther t maintain their strict hierarchies (等级制度), but at ther times they engage in friendly behaviurs like sharing fd.
Suspecting the guineafwl might have a scial structure, Dr. Farine and his clleagues began a thrugh study f their sciety. Fr a whle year, they made daily bservatins f 441 birds. Clured leg bands in unique cmbinatins let researchers tell the black-and-blue birds apart. They als attached GPS devices t the backs f 58 birds, which let them see exactly where every grup went, 24 hurs a day.
The findings f the research suggest that the vulturine guineafwl have a multilevel sciety. There are grups within grups within the ppulatin as a whle. There even seem t be grups f friends within the small grups. This is the first time anyne has bserved such a sciety in a bird.
And Dr. Farine emphasizes this particular bird’s tiny brain size: “They dn’t nly have small brains relative t mammals (哺乳动物), they als have quite small brains relative t ther birds,” he said.
Accrding t him, living in this kind f sciety might actually make it easier t keep track f the scial rder. Fr example, if grups are stable and a bird can identify just ne r tw individuals within a grup, it knws which grup it’s lking at — n need fr a brain that can recgnize every single animal. Multilevel scieties als let animals adjust their grup sizes based n whatever challenges they’re facing. Depending n what enemies r resurces are arund, it might make sense t travel in a cmbined grup rather than a smaller ne.
“Having a multilevel structure may nt require having a large brain,” Dr. Farine said. There may be mre birds and ther animals ut there that, althugh small-brained, have scieties as many-leveled as ur wn.
18. Accrding t the passage, what inspired Dr. Farine t carry ut the study?
A. The guineafwl’s scial behaviur.
B. Previus assumptins abut birds.
C. His interest in animal brainpwer.
D. The faults in earlier research.
19. What is Paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A. The research subjects.B. The research methds.
C. The research findings.D. The research equipment.
20. What can be learned frm the passage?
A. Cmplex scial systems can be a disadvantage t the guineafwl.
B. The guineafwl are gd at recgnizing individuals in a grup.
C. Birds maintain scial rder by travelling in cmbined grups.
D. Small-brained animals can frm multilevel scieties.
21. What is the main purpse f the passage?
A. T present the findings f a study f the guineafwl.
B. T explain the interactin patterns in multilevel scieties.
C. T intrduce a new apprach t bserving the guineafwl.
D. T uncver clues abut hw cmplex scieties are frmed.
【答案】18. A 19. B 20. D 21. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了鸟类学家Damien Farine团队在非洲东部的一项新的研究发现：小脑动物珍珠鸡也有社会结构。
【18题详解】
推理判断题。由第四段中的Suspecting the guineafwl might have a scial structure, Dr. Farine and his clleagues began a thrugh study f their sciety.可知，由于怀疑珍珠鸡可能有社会结构，Farine博士和他的同事们开始对它们的社会进行彻底的研究。由此可知，珍珠鸡的社会行为和社会结构让Farine博士和他的同事们有所怀疑，所以他们才进行了彻底的研究。故选A项。
【19题详解】
主旨大意题。由第四段中的Fr a whle year, they made daily bservatins f 441 birds. Clured leg bands in unique cmbinatins let researchers tell the black-and-blue birds apart. They als attached GPS devices t the backs f 58 birds, which let them see exactly where every grup went, 24 hurs a day.可知，一整年，他们每天观察441只鸟。独特组合的彩色腿带让研究人员区分了黑蓝色的鸟类。他们还在58只鸟的背上安装了GPS设备，让它们一天24小时准确地看到每一组鸟的去向。由此可知，这段主要是讲述他们团队如何研究观察的，即他们的研究方法。故选B项。
【20题详解】
推理判断题。由第五段中的The findings f the research suggest that the vulturine guineafwl have a multilevel sciety.和第六段中的And Dr. Farine emphasizes this particular bird’s tiny brain size: “They dn’t nly have small brains relative t mammals (哺乳动物), they als have quite small brains relative t ther birds,” he said.可知，研究结果表明，秃鹰珍珠鸡具有多层次的社会结构。Farine博士还强调了这种鸟的大脑很小：“它们不仅与哺乳动物相比，大脑很小，而且与其他鸟类相比，它们的大脑也很小。”由此推知，大脑很小的珍珠鸡也有社会结构。故选D项。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。结合文章大意，这篇文章主要介绍了Farine博士团队的研究发现：大脑很小的珍珠鸡也有社会结构。所以文章的目的是向我们展示对于珍珠鸡的研究发现。故选A项。
D
Vaccines (疫苗) may sn make their first film appearance. Led by expert Maria A. Cryle, researchers have develped a thin sheet that preserves vaccines fr lng perids withut using the cling system. This means the carefully cled small bttles nw used t ship vaccines culd ptentially be replaced by lightweight films that can be mailed in an envelpe and stred n a shelf.
Cryle’s labratry began develping the technlgy in 2007. Inspired by amber’s ability t preserve the DNA f insects, the researchers set ut t create their wn versin f the substance by mixing “a lt f sugar and a little bit f salt, much like hard candy,” Cryle explains. The vaccine-cntaining film is administered by muth - sweet news fr many wh dislike needles.
The film is tailred t suit each specific vaccine candidate and prvide a prtective cating. “We’ve learned ver time that the key t really stabilizing whatever the film hlds is t have it intermixed with all the cmpnents,” Cryle says, adding that the prcess is quick and uses affrdable, standard equipment. “We really wanted t cme up with smething that wuld be transprted t develping cuntries.”
Immunizatin (免疫) prgrams depend heavily n keeping vaccines cld (2℃-8℃) as they are transprted, smetimes ver thusands f kilmeters t far-away lcatins. Delivery can be difficult and cstly, and transprt delaying can cause the vaccines t be ineffective.
But this new prduct can stre live viruses, bacteria and antibdies fr several mnths at 20℃. In a paper published in Science Advances, the scientists shw that the live viruses in ne vaccine were preserved in the film even after 36 mnths. They als find that a flu vaccine suspended in their film cmpares favurably with a traditinal flu sht. “The study demnstrates early prf f cncept fr an exciting platfrm fr vaccine prduct develpment,” says Lisa Rhan, wh was nt invlved in the study. She als ntes that each vaccine type wuld need a custm frmulatin (配方) fr future stages f develpment.
Finding partners t mass-prduce fr clinical trials is the researchers’ mst pressing prblem, Cryle says. They are als explring packaging methds t keep their films stable up t 40℃.
Size is a majr advantage- a letter-sized sheet f the film can carry mre than 500 dses (剂) f vaccine, abut 1/900 the weight f the same amunt f traditinal dses. By making it easier and cheaper t ship and preserve vaccines efficiently, Cryle says, the technlgy culd vastly imprve immunizatin rates the wrld ver, particularly in middle-t-lw incme cuntries.
22. What can we learn abut the film?
A. It cntains animal’s DNA.B. It will replace vaccines.
C. It cmes in different flavurs.D. It can hld bi-prducts.
23. Accrding t Paragraph 3, we can learn abut the film’s ________.
A. key cmpnentB. develpment schedule
C. pssible advantagesD. transprtatin requirements
24. The authr mentins Lisa Rhan’s wrds t________.
A. advise persnalizing vaccines
B. suggest the prduct is prmising
C. prve the study is supprted widely
D. stress the functins f a new platfrm
25 What will be the next urgent task fr Cryle’s team?
A. Advertising the film wrldwide.B. Imprving the film’s capacity.
C. Reducing the shipping cst.D. Seeking ideal prducers.
【答案】22. D 23. C 24. B 25. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科研团队研发出了一种可以长时间保存疫苗而无需冷藏的薄片，描述了它的功能和潜在价值。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Led by expert Maria A. Cryle, researchers have develped a thin sheet that preserves vaccines fr lng perids withut using the cling system.(在专家Maria a . Cryle的带领下，研究人员开发出了一种不使用冷却系统就能长时间保存疫苗的薄片。)”可知，这种薄膜可以装生物制品。故选D。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“The film is tailred t suit each specific vaccine candidate and prvide a prtective cating.(该薄膜是量身定制的，以适合每个特定的候选疫苗，并提供一层保护涂层。)”和“the key t really stabilizing whatever the film hlds is t have it intermixed with all the cmpnents(真正稳定胶片的关键是将它与所有成分混合在一起)”以及“the prcess is quick and uses affrdable, standard equipment(这个过程是快速的，使用廉价的标准设备)”可推断，在第三段我们可以了解到薄膜的可能的优势。故选C。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段““The study demnstrates early prf f cncept fr an exciting platfrm fr vaccine prduct develpment,” says Lisa Rhan(“这项研究证明了一个激动人心的疫苗产品开发平台的概念的早期证明，”Lisa Rhan说)”可推断，作者引用Lisa Rhan的话来暗示这个产品很有前途。故选B。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Finding partners t mass-prduce fr clinical trials is the researchers’ mst pressing prblem, Cryle says.(Cryle说，为临床试验寻找大规模生产的伙伴是研究人员最紧迫的问题。)”可知，克罗伊团队的下一个紧急任务是寻求理想的制造商。故选D。
第Ⅱ卷
四、根据语境拼写单词，每空只填写一个单词（本大题共10小题，共10分）
26. He gained recgnitin as a tp a________ in the cuntry after winning three gld medals at the natinal badmintn cmpetitin. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】athlete##thlete
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：在全国羽毛球比赛中获得三枚金牌后，他作为全国顶级运动员获得了认可。“a tp”后面需要接单数名词作宾语，结合语境和首字母提示a，应该填写athlete，意为“运动员”。故填athlete。
27. Mid-Autumn Festival is celebrated n the 15th day f the eighth l________ mnth. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】lunar##unar
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：中秋节是在农历八月十五庆祝的。空处作修饰mnth的定语，结合“Mid-Autumn Festival”和首字母提示可推知，形容词lunar“阴历的”符合题意，lunar mnth表示“农历月，阴历月”。故填lunar。
28. I asked my friend fr a r________ n where t eat in the city, and she suggested a fantastic Italian restaurant. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】recmmendatin##ecmmendatin
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：我请我的朋友推荐在这个城市去哪里吃饭，她建议我去一家很棒的意大利餐厅。空处作fr的宾语，结合“she suggested a fantastic Italian restaurant”和首字母提示可推知，名词recmmendatin“推荐”符合题意，且空前有不定冠词a，recmmendatin应用单数形式。故填recmmendatin。
29. The Frbidden City is a fine example f traditinal Chinese a________, with buildings that reflect rich cultural heritage. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】architecture##rchitecture
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：紫禁城是中国传统建筑的典范，其建筑反映了丰富的文化遗产。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应用名词architecture，作宾语。故填architecture。
30. Each husehld is encuraged t have s________ cntainers fr fd waste and plastic materials t classify the different kinds f waste. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】separate##eparate
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：鼓励每个家庭都有不同的容器来装食物垃圾和塑料材料，以分类不同种类的垃圾。根据“t classify the different kinds f waste”可知，要用不同的容器来装食物垃圾和塑料材料以便于分类，结合首字母提示，用形容词separate作定语，意为“分开的，不同的”。故填separate。
31. Jasn enjyed engaging in cnversatins with custmers wh shared a lve fr ________ (文学). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】literature
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：杰森喜欢与那些热爱文学的顾客交谈。“文学”应用名词literature，不可数，作fr的宾语。故填literature。
32. When faced with cnflicting infrmatin, yu must determine whether yur ________ (最初的) understanding is wrng. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】riginal##initial
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：当面对矛盾的信息时，你必须判断你最初的理解是否错误。根据汉语提示“最初的”可知，本空用形容词riginal或initial，修饰名词understanding，作前置定语。故填riginal或initial。
33. With determinatin and ________ (勤奋), she was able t cmplete the cmplex task ahead f schedule. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】diligence
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：凭借决心和勤奋，她能够提前完成这项复杂的任务。根据汉语提示可知应用名词diligence，作宾语，不可数。故填diligence。
34. She printed ut the ________ (文件) and highlighted the key pints befre the meeting. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】dcument##dcuments
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：她在开会前把文件打印出来，并标出了要点。根据汉语提示可知应用名词dcument，作宾语，可用单数可用复数。故填dcument/dcuments。
35. The study f ________ (心理学) has advanced significantly in recent years, especially in the areas f mental health treatment. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】psychlgy
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：心理学的研究近年来取得了显著进展，尤其是在心理健康治疗方面。根据汉语提示“心理学”可知，本空用名词psychlgy，作f的宾语。故填psychlgy。
五、选词填空：请根据语境选择词语，并用其恰当形式填空，每个词仅使用一次（本大题共10小题，共20分）
选词填空
36. Thanks t the high ________ f the phtgraphs, we culd see the excitement in the eyes f the runners as they apprached the finish line.
37. The children listened carefully as their grandfather gave a detailed ________ f his childhd.
38. After reading the passage, I made sme effrts ________ the infrmatin and frm my wn pinin.
39. The cmpany ________ a warm welcme t its new emplyees by thrwing a dinner party and ffering sme training prgrams next mnth.
40. The city, ________ its lng histry and many turist attractins, attracts millins f turists every year.
41. Smetimes, scial media may lead t the ________ f misleading infrmatin.
42. Over the past mnths, ur cmpany ________ new prducts that have received excellent reviews frm ur custmers.
43. The by spent the evening ________ n the day’s events and writing them dwn in the diary.
44. I wuld like t represent all the students f Grade One t invite yu ________ a speech n stress.
45. The child ________ frm bed the mment he heard the sund f the schl bus utside.
【答案】36. definitin
37. accunt
38. t digest
39. will extend
40. featuring
41. spread 42. has launched
43. reflecting
44. t deliver
45. sprang
【解析】
【36题详解】
考查名词。句意：由于这些照片的清晰度很高，我们可以看到选手们在接近终点线时眼中的兴奋。根据下文“we culd see the excitement in the eyes f the runners”可知，名词definitin“清晰度”符合句意，作宾语。故填definitin。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：孩子们仔细地听着祖父详细地讲述他的童年。设空处作宾语，名词accunt“描述；叙述”符合句意，作gave宾语。故填accunt。
【38题详解】
考查动词。句意：读完这篇文章后，我努力去领会这些信息，形成自己的观点。make effrts t d sth努力做某事，动词digest“领悟，理解”，符合句意。设空处填动词不定式t digest。故填t digest。
【39题详解】
考查动词和时态。句意：下个月，公司将举办一个晚宴，并提供一些培训项目，以热烈欢迎新员工。设空处作谓语，根据“next mnth”可知本句为一般将来时，动词extend意为“提供，给予”，extend a very warm welcme“表示热烈的欢迎”符合句意，设空处填will extend。故填will extend。
【40题详解】
考查动词。句意：这座城市以其悠久的历史和众多的旅游景点而闻名，每年吸引数百万的游客。feature“以……为特色”符合句意，在句中作非谓语，主语The city与动词feature之间为逻辑上的主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填featuring。
【41题详解】
考查名词。句意：有时候，社交媒体可能会导致误导性信息的传播。名词spread“传播”符合句意，为不可数名词，作lead t宾语。故填spread。
【42题详解】
考查动词。句意：在过去的几个月里，我们公司推出了新产品，得到了客户的好评。根据“Over the past mnths”可知，本句为现在完成时。launch“（首次）上市，发行”为动词，launch new prducts“推出新产品”符合句意；ur cmpany作主语，助动词用has。故填has launched。
【43题详解】
考查动词。句意：这个男孩花了一个晚上的时间思考当天发生的事情，并把它们记在日记里。根据下文“the day’s events and writing them dwn in the diary”可知，动词短语reflect n“反思，认真思考”符合句意。spent time (in) ding“花时间做某事”,设空处填动名词reflecting作宾语。故填reflecting。
【44题详解】
考查动词。句意：我想代表一年级的所有学生邀请你做一个关于压力的演讲。根据“a speech”可知，动词deliver“发表”符合句意。invite sb t d sth意为“邀请某人做某事”，设空处填不定式作宾补。故填t deliver。
【45题详解】
考查动词。句意：那孩子一听到外面校车的声音就从床上跳了起来。设空处作谓语，动词spring“跳，跃”符合句意；根据下文“he heard the sund f the schl bus utside”可知，本句为一般过去时，设空处动词不定式。故填sprang。
六、语法填空：阅读下列句子或文段，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空（本大题共10小题，共15分）
Part Ⅰ
46. The cst f living ________ (rise) sharply since the 2010s. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】has risen##has been rising
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自2010年代以来，生活成本急剧上升。空处作句子的谓语，时间状语为“since the 2010s”，动作从过去开始发生，可以用现在完成时表示动作持续到现在，也可以用现在完成进行时表示动作会继续进行下去，主语cst为单数，助动词用has。故填has risen/has been rising。
47. ________ Christmas Eve, the whle family helped t decrate the huse. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】On
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：圣诞节前夜，整个家庭都在帮忙装饰房子。此处Christmas Eve表示具体的日子，用介词n，符合题意，位于句首，首字母大写。故填On。
48. By the time we arrived at the party, the ther guests ________ (leave). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】had left
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当我们到达聚会时，其他客人已经离开了。根据“By the time we arrived at the party”可知，表达的是“过去的过去”，因此用过去完成时。故填had left。
Part Ⅱ
阅读下面文段，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Three mnths ag, Dr. David ___49___ (admit) int a tp lab famus fr innvatin because the scientists there had been faced with a ___50___ (shrt) f slutins t a scientific puzzle fr a lng time. David ___51___ (prcess) data tirelessly, ___52___ (search) fr patterns thers had missed. One late night, an ___53___ (inspire) struck him as he cnnected seemingly unrelated data pints, revealing a new perspective n the prblem. ___54___ (patience) and determined, Dr. David finally nt nly unraveled (揭开) the mystery but als pened new avenues f research, prving that with ___55___ (curius) and persistence, even the mst difficult scientific challenges can be vercme.
【答案】49. was admitted
50. shrtage
51. prcessed
52. searching
53. inspiratin
54. Patient
55. curisity
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了大卫博士是如何为了解开谜团而付出努力的。
【49题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：三个月前，大卫博士被一个以创新而闻名的顶级实验室录取，因为那里的科学家长期以来一直面临着一个科学难题的解决方案短缺。主语Dr. David与谓语构成被动关系，根据上文Three mnths ag可知为一般过去时的被动语态，主谓一致。故填was admitted。
【50题详解】
考查名词。句意：三个月前，大卫博士被一个以创新而闻名的顶级实验室录取，因为那里的科学家长期以来一直面临着一个科学难题的解决方案短缺。短语a shrtage f表示“缺少”。故填shrtage。
【51题详解】
考查时态。句意：大卫不知疲倦地处理数据，寻找其他人错过的模式。动作发生在过去，用一般过去时。故填prcessed。
【52题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：大卫不知疲倦地处理数据，寻找其他人错过的模式。此处David与search构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填searching。
【53题详解】
考查名词。句意：一天深夜，当他把看似不相关的数据点联系起来时，灵感迸发，揭示了对这个问题的新视角。作主语，根据不定冠词可知用单数名词inspiratin。故填inspiratin。
【54题详解】
考查形容词。句意：耐心而坚定的大卫博士最终不仅解开了谜团，而且开辟了新的研究途径，证明了好奇心和毅力，即使是最困难的科学挑战也可以克服。作状语，表示“耐心的”用形容词patient，首字母大写。故填Patient。
【55题详解】
考查名词。句意：耐心而坚定的大卫博士最终不仅解开了谜团，而且开辟了新的研究途径，证明了好奇心和毅力，即使是最困难的科学挑战也可以克服。作介词的宾语，应用名词curisity。故填curisity。
七、补全句子：请根据括号中所给中文提示填空，注意使用恰当形式（本大题共5小题，共20分）
56. 祝贺你们从初中毕业！(汉译英)
________________________________________________________________
【答案】Cngratulatins n graduating frm junir high schl!
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和动名词。“祝贺”可用cngratulatins，用于表达对他人的赞美和庆祝之情，后面接介词n，构成短语cngratulatins n，表示“祝贺……”。“从初中毕业”可以翻译为graduate frm junir high schl，graduate需要动名词的形式作介词n的宾语。故翻译为Cngratulatins n graduating frm junir high schl!
57. 在解决冲突时，对不同观点保持开放的心态并尝试从他人的角度理解情况是至关重要的，这可以促成更有效的解决方案。
When reslving cnflicts, it’s crucial t ________________ and try t understand the situatin ________________, which can lead t mre effective slutins.
【答案】 ①. keep an pen mind t different pinins/perspectives/views ②. frm thers’ perspectives
【解析】
【详解】考查短语。第一空表示“对……保持开放的心态”短语为keep an pen mind t，此处为不定式作真正主语；表示“不同观点”可用different pinins/perspectives/views；第二空表示“从他人的角度”短语为frm thers’ perspectives。故填①keep an pen mind t different pinins/perspectives/views；②frm thers’ perspectives。
58. 如今，智能手机使我们能够在几秒钟内解决各种现实问题，例如下一个订单和订一张火车票。
Tday, the smartphne enables us ________________ in a few secnds, such as ________________.
【答案】 ①. t slve varius real-wrld prblems ②. placing an rder and bking a train ticket
【解析】
【详解】考查短语和非谓语动词。第一空表示“解决各种现实问题”可用动宾短语slve varius real-wrld prblems表达，enable sb. t d sth.“使某人能够做某事”为固定搭配，第一空为动词不定式作宾补；第二空为“下一个订单和订一张火车票”，表示“下一个订单”可用动宾短语place an rder；表示“订一张火车票”可用bk a train ticket，“和”用连词and，“下一个订单和订一张火车票”表达为place an rder and bk a train ticket，作介词短语such as的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填①t slve varius real-wrld prblems；②placing an rder and bking a train ticket。
59. AI辅助课堂不仅满足了学生们对信息的需求，还为他们提供了发挥创造力的空间，从而促进了高效的学习和教学。
The AI-assisted class is designed nt nly ________________ but als ________________, thus prmting efficient learning and teaching.
【答案】 ①. t satisfy the students’ need fr infrmatin ②. t give them rm fr creativity
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。nt nly... but als...“不仅……而且……”，为固定句型，连接两个并列成分。表示“满足”用satisfy，用不定式，作目的状语。表示“学生们对信息的需求”用the students’ need fr infrmatin，作satisfy的宾 语。表示“给他们空间”用give them rm fr，用不定式，作目的状语。表示“创造力”用creativity，作fr的宾语。故填①t satisfy the students’ need fr infrmatin；②t give them rm fr creativity。
60. 尽管网络社交很方便，我们还是应该更加关注面对面的交流，因为直接接触对于建立有意义的关系是十分必要的。
Despite the cnvenience f the nline scializing, we shuld ________________, because direct cntact is necessary fr ________________.
【答案】 ①. fcus mre n face-t-face cmmunicatin ②. frming/develping meaningful relatinships
【解析】
【详解】考查动词（短语）、形容词和名词。对比中英文可知，第一空表示“更加关注面对面交流”，“关注”可用动词短语fcus n，“更加”应用副词比较级mre，“面对面的交流”可用名词短语face-t-face cmmunicatin，且情态动词shuld后fcus应用原形；第二空表示“建立有意义的关系”，“建立”可用动词frm或develp，“有意义的关系”可用名词短语meaningful relatinships，且空处作fr的宾语，frm或develp应用动名词形式。故填①fcus mre n face-t-face cmmunicatin；②frming/develping meaningful relatinships。
八、作文（本大题20分）
61. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。临近春节，你打算送给你的英国朋友Jim一件具有中国特色的春节礼物。请给他写封信，内容包括：
1. 礼物介绍；
2. 选择该礼物的原因。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
The Spring Festival is cming. I will send yu a present.
It’s a lacquer engraving handicraft plate. Lacquer engraving is a traditinal Chinese flk craft art. The engraving is made by red lacquer painted n a wden base. Yu knw, the clr f red stands fr happiness and gd luck and is especially favred by Chinese peple.
Because there is a pattern f the Great Wall n the plate, I chse this gift fr yu. I still remember yur astnished lk when bth f us finally made it t the highest beacn twer f the Great Wall, seeing the spectacular scene.
I hpe that yu’ll like it. Happy Chinese New Year!
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。临近春节，考生打算送给英国朋友Jim一件具有中国特色的春节礼物。请给他写封信介绍礼物和选择该礼物的原因。
【详解】1.词汇积累
礼物：present→gift
吃惊的：astnished→amazed
选择：chse→select
喜欢：like→be fnd f
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Yu knw, the clr f red stands fr happiness and gd luck and is especially favred by Chinese peple.
拓展句：Yu knw, the clr f red stands fr happiness and gd luck, which is especially favred by Chinese peple.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Because there is a pattern f the Great Wall n the plate, I chse this gift fr yu.（运用了Because引导的原因状语从句）
[高分句型2. I still remember yur astnished lk when bth f us finally made it t the highest beacn twer f the Great Wall, seeing the spectacular scene.（运用了when引导的时间状语从句）
听力 1—5 CCBAB 6—10 ABAAC 11—15 BCACB
Three Types f University Curses
A lecture curse
● Taught by the 16
● It is imprtant t take 17
● 4-6 hurs’ attendance a week
● As many as three hundred students
A(n) 18 sectin
● 20 r 30 students
● Tw r three hurs a week
● Taught by teaching 19
A lab class
● Fr students whse majr is any kind f 20
● Several hurs a week in the lab
accunt, definitin, emphasize, extend, launch, reflect, feature, deliver, digest, cmpnent, spread, spring