北京市清华大学附属中学高一上学期期末英语试题 （解析版）-A4

这是一份北京市清华大学附属中学高一上学期期末英语试题 （解析版）-A4，共25页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，25分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
This is a tuching stry f a King’s guard mved t tears after being surprised by her parents while n duty in the heavy rain. The scene ___1___ utside Buckingham Palace, where crwds gathered under the dwnpur, psing fr phts with the serius and calm guard and her well-trained hrse.
The guard remained ___2___ as turists apprached t tuch the hrse’s nse, her prfessinal manner unshaken. Hwever, everything changed when she ___3___ tw familiar faces in the crwd. Her parents, hlding umbrellas, made their way t the frnt. Her father, dressed in a dark cat, gently strked the hrse and spke sftly t his emtinal daughter. She struggled t hld back her ___4___, but her feelings were clear fr all t see.
Her mther stepped clser, asking her a questin. The guard gave a slight ___5___ befre her emtins vercame her. Tears rlled dwn her cheeks, and she quickly wiped them away with her white glves. In spite f the rain, a kind member f the crwd ffered t take a picture f the family. The parents std ___6___ n either side f the hrse, their faces glwing. After the pht was taken, they quietly stepped aside, allwing their daughter t return t her duties.
The turists, unaware f the emtinal mment that had just ccurred, cntinued psing with the guard and her hrse. The guard, thugh mved by her parents' surprise visit, sn ___7___ her prfessinal psture. Her father, frm a distance, tk anther pht f her sitting upright n the hrse, fcused and ___8___ t her rle.
The rain ___9___. The guard std taller than befre. The brief visit frm her parents reminded her f what truly matters — the unshakable lve and pride shared within a family. In the sft rain, her sense f duty and her family’s unwavering supprt came tgether, giving her strength t carry n with dignity and ____10____.
1. A. tk placeB. tk actinC. tk effectD. tk shape
2. A. restlessB. stillC. activeD. flexible
3. A. imaginedB. missedC. spttedD. cllected
4. A. curageB. laughterC. tearsD. upsets
5. A. waveB. clapC. bwD. nd
6. A. prudlyB. kindlyC. calmlyD. carefully
7. A. changedB. regainedC. imprvedD. learned
8. A. attractedB. adjustedC. relatedD. devted
9. A. puredB. easedC. startedD. stpped
10. A. purpseB. careC. frceD. peace
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. D 9. B 10. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一名国王卫兵在雨中执勤时，被前来看望她的父母感动到流泪的温馨故事。父母的短暂探望让她感受到了家庭的温暖和支持，也让她更加坚定了自己的职责和使命。
【1题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：这一幕发生在白金汉宫外，大雨倾盆，人群聚集在雨中，与严肃冷静的卫兵和她训练有素的马合影。A. tk place发生；B. tk actin采取行动；C. tk effect生效；D. tk shape成形。根据下文“where crwds gathered under the dwnpur, psing fr phts with the serius and calm guard and her well-trained hrse”可知，人群在雨中与卫兵和马合影这一幕发生在白金汉宫外。故选A。
【2题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当游客们走近摸马的鼻子时，卫兵仍然一动不动，她的专业态度丝毫未变。A. restless不安的；B. still静止的；C. active活跃的；D. flexible灵活的。根据下文“her prfessinal manner unshaken”可知，卫兵的专业态度未变，所以即使游客们走近摸马的鼻子，她也仍然一动不动。故选B。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，当她在人群中看到两张熟悉的面孔时，一切都变了。A. imagined想象；B. missed错过；C. sptted发现，看到；D. cllected收集。根据下文“tw familiar faces in the crwd”可知，卫兵在人群中看到了两张熟悉的面孔。故选C。
【4题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她努力忍住眼泪，但她的感受所有人都看得很清楚。A. curage勇气；B. laughter笑声；C. tears眼泪；D. upsets沮丧。根据下文“Tears rlled dwn her cheeks”可知，卫兵努力忍住眼泪。故选C。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：卫兵轻轻点了点头，然后情绪就失控了。A. wave挥手；B. clap拍手；C. bw鞠躬；D. nd点头。根据下文“befre her emtins vercame her”可知，在情绪失控之前，卫兵轻轻点了点头。故选D。
【6题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：父母骄傲地站在马的两边，脸上洋溢着光芒。A. prudly骄傲地；B. kindly亲切地；C. calmly冷静地；D. carefully仔细地。根据下文“their faces glwing”可知，父母脸上洋溢着光芒，说明他们为女儿感到骄傲。故选A。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：卫兵虽然被父母的突然探访所感动，但很快就恢复了她的专业姿态。A. changed改变；B. regained重新获得，恢复；C. imprved改善；D. learned学习。根据下文“her prfessinal psture”可知，卫兵恢复了她的专业姿态。故选B。
8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的父亲从远处又给她拍了一张照片，她笔直地坐在马上，专注而忠诚地履行着自己的职责。A. attracted吸引；B. adjusted调整；C. related联系；D. devted贡献。根据下文“t her rle”可知，卫兵忠诚地履行着自己的职责。故选D。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：雨渐渐停了。A. pured倾倒；B. eased减轻，缓和；C. started开始；D. stpped停止。根据下文“In the sft rain”可知，雨已经停了或变小了，此处用“eased”表示雨渐渐停了。故选B。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在细雨中，她的责任感和家人的坚定支持汇聚在一起，给了她以尊严和目的继续前行的力量。A. purpse目的；B. care关心；C. frce力量；D. peace和平。根据前文“her sense f duty”可知，空处与“duty”并列，指卫兵以尊严和目的继续前行。故选A。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A grup f STEM students frm New Britain High Schl teamed up t build fully-functining electric carts fr families wh are nt able t affrd adaptive wheelchairs. The student vlunteers ___11___ (spend) mnths wrking n these cars. On the day ___12___ the students cmpleted the carts, Kelicia and Msiah’s families went t New Britain High Schl t test them ut fr the first time. When each child gt int their brand-new cart, their faces lit up. The cl, red electric cars gave kids with disabilities a way ___13___ (mve) arund independently with a huge smile n their face. It was the single mment the builders lked frward t mst.
【答案】11. spent
12. when 13. t mve
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了新不列颠高中的一群STEM学生一起为残疾人家庭制作了电动推车，介绍了他们制作电动推车的经过。
【11题详解】
考查时态。句意：学生志愿者花了几个月的时间来研究这些汽车。结合上文可知发生在过去，谓语动词spend用一般过去时。故填spent。
【12题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在学生们完成购物车的那天，凯利西亚和摩赛亚的家人去了新不列颠高中，第一次试用了它们。定语从句修饰先行词day，关系词替代先行词在从句作时间状语，用关系副词when。故填when。
【13题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这些酷酷的红色电动汽车让残疾儿童可以带着灿烂的笑容独立行走。名词way后跟不定式作后置定语。故填t mve。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
As Miller defines it, hpe is nt a naive apprach t seeing the wrld, where we ignre prblems and engage in “wishful thinking”. Instead, hpe is a cmplex respnse, ___14___ (invlve) “feeling, thught, actin, visin, a life frce, and a way f seeing r being”. Having hpe, as ppsed t living in fear, he argues, helps us t see pssibility in present-day circumstances and nt becme verwhelmed. Peple wh feel hpeful are gd prblem-slvers, mre engaged and prductive at wrk, mre ___15___ (create) and adaptable, and better at recvering frm adversity. Fr these reasns and thers, inputting mre hpe int urselves means we ___16___ (equip) t handle prblems mre smthly.
【答案】14. invlving
15. creative
16. are equipped##will be equipped
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要论述了希望的定义以及拥有希望的人的特点。
【14题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：相反，希望是一种复杂的反应，包括“感觉、思想、行动、愿景、一种生命力，以及一种看待或存在的方式”。此处invlve与respnse构成逻辑主动关系，invlve用现在分词形式作定语。故填invlving。
【15题详解】
考查形容词。句意：充满希望的人善于解决问题，在工作中更投入、更有效率，更有创造力和适应性，更善于从逆境中恢复过来。此处作表语，用形容词creative，与mre一起构成形容词比较级。故填creative。
【16题详解】
考查时态。句意：由于这些原因和其他原因，对自己寄予更多的希望意味着我们有能力（将有能力）更顺利地处理问题。短语be equipped t d表示“具备做……的能力或条件”，此处可用一般现在时或一般将来时，主语为we，谓语用复数。故填are equipped/will be equipped。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Biled chicken, rice ___17___ (ck) with chicken il, and dip make up the simple and delicius Hainanese chicken rice, which has prvided lingering nstalgia fr verseas Chinese in Sutheast Asia. Mre than a century ag, large numbers f Hainan peple spread acrss Sutheast Asia, taking ___18___ them their native dish Hainanese chicken rice. As time went by, Hainanese chicken rice gradually became a ppular dish in Sutheast Asian cuntries. Hainanese chicken rice nt nly ___19___ (satisfy) the diners, but als embdies the taste f hme fr verseas Chinese frm Hainan. It is a vivid ___20___ (reflect) f cultural exchanges f peple alng the Belt and Rad cuntries frm histry t reality.
【答案】17. cked
18. with 19. satisfies
20. reflectin
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海南鸡饭的历史、组成及其在东南亚的流行情况，同时强调了它作为“一带一路”沿线国家文化交流的一个生动体现。
【17题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：海南鸡饭由煮熟鸡肉、用鸡油烹制的米饭以及蘸料组成，简单而美味，给东南亚的海外华人带来了久久不散的乡愁。空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词rice，ck和rice为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填cked。
【18题详解】
考查介词。句意：一个多世纪前，大批海南人遍布东南亚，同时也把他们的家乡美食——海南鸡饭带到了那里。take sth. with sb.为固定搭配，表示“某人随身携带某物”。故填with。
【19题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：海南鸡饭不仅让食客们大饱口福，还承载着海南籍海外华人对家乡的味道。空处和embdies是并列的谓语，需用一般现在时第三人称单数形式。故填satisfies。
【20题详解】
考查名词。句意：它是“一带一路”沿线国家人民从古至今文化交流的一个生动体现。不定冠词a修饰单数可数名词，空处需填名词reflectin，作表语。故填reflectin。
第二部分：阅读理解（共三节，48分）
第一节（共11小题；每小题2分，共22分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
The start f smething new can be an exciting prspect and dcumenting the pint in time r space at which smething begins has been a ppular theme fr phtgraphy prjects thrughut time.
Fr this year’s brief, we’re asking students t shw thrugh a series f five t ten images the first part r earliest stage f smething. Be it fllwing a new life, sharing the start f smene’s day, fllwing the preparatins and beginning f a particular ccasin r celebratin, r revealing the prmise f new technlgy, the stry, apprach and phtgraphic style can be in any genre.
Yur images can be taken n any device, sht in any style-be black & white r clur-and apprached frm any angle yu feel is best. While innvative respnses are encuraged, phtgraphers must stick t the brief.
The Cmpetitin is pen t all students f phtgraphy frm Wrld Phtgraphy Organisatin’s selected Universities. All entries must cnfirm, n applicatin, their acceptance f the rules f the Cmpetitin and these Terms and Cnditins. Entries must be submitted by 13:00 GMT n 29 Nvember 2025. By entering the Cmpetitin, each Entrant agrees and acknwledges that Wrld Phtgraphy Organisatin (WPO) is permitted t receive his/ her registratin data. All persnal infrmatin will be used by WPO in accrdance with its privacy plicy.
Students are required t submit Five t Ten images respnding t a brief. T enter, students must ensure their institutin is registered and images are submitted via If yur institutin is nt registered yet, yu can register here. Fr a list f participating institutins, please see here.
Yur entry may feature manipulatin, but where entries are manipulated, the extent f which must be described in the image descriptin sectin when submitting. Fr the avidance f dubt, all Entries must riginally be frm either an analgue r digital phtgraph which may have then been manipulated. Cmputer generated cntent cannt be the rigin f the entry. Shuld a questin arise thrugh the judging prcess regarding the extent f yur entry’s manipulatin, yu may be requested t submit the riginal phtgraph and image file t verify.
The verall winning university is given Sny digital imaging equipment wrth apprximately €30,000 as well as the flights and accmmdatin fr ne student and ne tutr t the awards ceremny in Lndn.
21. Accrding t this year’s brief, the phts that ________ can enter this year’s cmpetitin.
A. tell the grwing-up stry f a teenagerB. dcument a teacher’s mrning rutine
C. shw the decline f certain technlgyD. capture the mments f the graduatin seasn
22. We can tell frm the passage that ________.
A. registratin is needed befre entry submissin
B. all students frm selected universities can enter
C. pht editing is strictly prhibited in the cmpetitin
D. registered universities need t attend the award ceremny
23. This passage mainly fcuses n ________.
A. phtgraphy skillsB. cmpetitin guidelines
C. advertising WPO’s valuesD. presenting phtgraphy trends
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项摄影比赛的比赛要求和注意事项等。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Be it fllwing a new life, sharing the start f smene’s day, fllwing the preparatins and beginning f a particular ccasin r celebratin, r revealing the prmise f new technlgy, the stry, apprach and phtgraphic style can be in any genre.(无论是跟随新生活，分享某人一天的开始，跟随特定场合或庆祝活动的准备和开始，还是揭示新技术、故事、方法的前景和摄影风格都可以是任何类型的)”可知，强调的是“某事开始的第一部分或最初阶段”，根据今年的竞赛大纲，记录老师早晨日常生活的照片可以参加今年的比赛。故选B。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“T enter, students must ensure their institutin is registered and images are submitted via (要参加比赛，学生必须确保他们的机构已经注册，并通过提交照片)”可知，从文章中我们可以看出，在提交作品之前需要注册。故选A。
【23题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段“The Cmpetitin is pen t all students f phtgraphy frm Wrld Phtgraphy Organisatin’s selected Universities.(本次比赛面向世界摄影组织所选大学的所有摄影专业学生开放)”结合文章主要介绍了一项摄影比赛的比赛要求和注意事项等。可知，这篇文章主要关注的是比赛准则。故选B。
B
Liam Gallagher, frmerly f the band Oasis, tends t strll with a rll t his shulders. Jhn Wayne’s slw swagger has been linked t everything frm a bent leg t small feet. Cnsidering that walking is such an everyday functin f a bipedal species, it is incredible that we find s many different ways t d it. Perhaps that’s why ur gaits - and what they say abut us - are s fascinating.
Gait analysis has been arund fr years, but nw it is ging mainstream, using precisin imaging t measure details the eye can’t perceive.
“One f the biggest breakthrughs in the early days f gait recgnitin was realising that yu can recgnise smene by their silhuette,” says Patrick Cnnr with Stepscan Technlgies in Canada. He is talking abut gait energy imaging. This invlves taking a series f snapshts f a persn’s prfile as they walk, usually frm the side, and merging them int a single image, each unique t their wner. “The head’ s in the same place and the trs’ s in the same place and yu get this kind f blurry limb mvement,” says Cnnr. With its help, sme systems nw can identify 90 percent n enrmus databases f tens f thusands f peple. It is als beginning t wrk with less than ideal imagery. Cmputer scientists in Prtugal shwed that they culd reliably recgnise peple walking under a dwnward-pinting camera slely frm their shadws. This may mean drnes can carry ut cvert gait analysis - n sunny days, at least.
Mre cnveniently, if peple want t be identified, fr airprt security, fr example, there is n need t g t the truble f measuring silhuettes, as in gait energy imaging. Instead, smene might be asked t wear sensrs that wuld feed back precise infrmatin abut their mvements. Cmputer scientist Maria De Marsi c at the Sapienza University f Rme uses this methd t recgnise peple frm the infrmatin sent frm the accelermeter inside a standard smartphne as it jerks arund in their hand r pcket as they walk. Her team has built a prttype smart dr that pens when it recgnises an appraching persn in this way. In principle, this is much easier than, say, pausing t scan an iris r fingerprint at a checkpint.
Gait analysis may prmpt thughts f face-recgnitin technlgy but it culd be even mre pwerful, since it can wrk with lwer reslutin pictures and is much harder t avid than face recgnitin systems. But gait analysis is nwhere near as widely used as face recgnitin yet. This is mainly because it requires a series f sequential pictures that cver the seven stages f walking, as each leg mves and lifts. Prcessing these images requires serius cmputing heft and mst gait analysis systems dn’t have enugh f this t wrk in real time, but a crucial requirement fr use in law enfrcement is that the systems can recgnise thse they want t apprehend quickly enugh t give authrities a sht at detaining them.
24. The writer mentins Jhn Wayne t shw that ________.
A. individuals may have unique gait patternsB. peple’s gaits can help t track their health
C. gait analysis has been arund fr a lng timeD. sme peple walk in certain ways n purpse
25. What can we learn abut gait energy imaging?
A. Peple can design their unique virtual image with its aid.
B. Sme systems use it t take pictures f peple’s shadws.
C. It prduces an image shwing its wner’s limb mvement.
D. It requires taking phts f ne’s standing psture frm the side.
26. Which f the fllwing might Maria De Marsic agree with mst?
A. Gait energy imaging can simplify security check prcess.
B. Peple’s acceptance f gait analysis decides its effectiveness.
C. Gait recgnitin technlgy can have mre simplified applicatins.
D. Measuring silhuettes with simple gadgets can be achieved in the near future.
27. Cmpared with face-recgnitin technlgy, gait analysis ________.
A. is mre demanding t wrk in real timeB. is harder t escape with clearer pictures
C. has mre pwerful functins fr the pliceD. prcesses snapshts mre quickly and accurately
【答案】24. A 25. C 26. C 27. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了步态分析技术可以用于识别不同的人，介绍这种技术的优势以及存在的挑战。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Jhn Wayne’s slw swagger has been linked t everything frm a bent leg t small feet. Cnsidering that walking is such an everyday functin f a bipedal species, it is incredible that we find s many different ways t d it. Perhaps that’s why ur gaits - and what they say abut us - are s fascinating. (约翰·韦恩的缓慢的大摇大摆与他的腿弯曲和小脚有关。考虑到行走是两足动物的日常功能，我们找到这么多不同的方式来行走是令人难以置信的。也许这就是为什么我们的步态——以及它们对我们的描述——如此迷人。)”可知，作者提到约翰·韦恩是为了表明个人可能有独特的步态模式。故选A。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“He is talking abut gait energy imaging. This invlves taking a series f snapshts f a persn’s prfile as they walk, usually frm the side, and merging them int a single image, each unique t their wner. (他说的是步态能量成像。这包括在一个人走路的时候拍摄一系列的个人资料快照，通常是从侧面拍摄，然后将它们合并成一张照片，每张照片都是主人独有的。)”可知，步态能量成像会产生显示其主人肢体运动的图像。故选C。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Cmputer scientist Maria De Marsi c at the Sapienza University f Rme uses this methd t recgnise peple frm the infrmatin sent frm the accelermeter inside a standard smartphne as it jerks arund in their hand r pcket as they walk. Her team has built a prttype smart dr that pens when it recgnises an appraching persn in this way. In principle, this is much easier than, say, pausing t scan an iris r fingerprint at a checkpint. (罗马Sapienza大学的计算机科学家Maria De Marsi c使用这种方法，通过标准智能手机内的加速度计发送的信息来识别人，当他们走路时，智能手机在他们手中或口袋里转动。她的团队已经制造了一扇智能门的原型，当它识别出以这种方式接近的人时，就会打开。原则上，这比在检查点停下来扫描虹膜或指纹要容易得多。)”可知，玛丽亚·德·马西科认为步态识别技术可以有更简单的应用。故选C。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Prcessing these images requires serius cmputing heft and mst gait analysis systems dn’t have enugh f this t wrk in real time, but a crucial requirement fr use in law enfrcement is that the systems can recgnise thse they want t apprehend quickly enugh t give authrities a sht at detaining them. (处理这些图像需要大量的计算能力，而大多数步态分析系统都没有足够的计算能力来实时工作，但在执法中使用的一个关键要求是，系统能够快速识别出他们想要逮捕的人，从而让当局有机会拘留他们。)”可知，与人脸识别技术相比，步态分析对实时工作的要求更高。故选A。
C
We are in the early 1900s, and a French chemist, Eduard Benedictus, has an rdinary accident in the labratry: he drps a chemical bttle. Only this time, it desn’t shatter. Benedictus delves deeper and realizes a cllisin slutin inside the bttle, nce evaprated (蒸发), hlding the glass pieces tgether. He had unknwingly invented shatterprf glass. Such mments f serendipity reveal the unpredictable nature f innvatin. Yet, a brader questin remains: are such discveries brn f luck, r were they “in the air”, waiting fr smene?
In the 19th century, during the internatinal cmpetitin t decipher the mlecular structure f DNA, research n anesthetizing gases, and many ther cases, the general impressin was that the slutin was just arund the crner. This phenmenn, called cnvergence, als ccurs in bilgical evlutin, where unrelated species develp similar adaptatins due t similar envirnmental pressures. In scientific discvery, this cnvergence is explained by similar selective pressures and cmpeting research grups. While these cases differ frm typical serendipity stries — since there was a defined prblem and intentinal cmpetitin — they still cntained elements f luck. The verall prcess was nt purely serendipitus, but it raises the questin: culd all discveries be “in the air”, waiting t be fund?
Let’s assume it’s true and luck just speeds up the inevitable. Scientists stand n the shulders f predecessrs. Nnetheless, at sme pint and in the right circumstances, it was the unknwn scientists, nt the giants, wh managed t see a little farther. N ne knws hw many different rutes were available t arrive at the same discvery. When ur minds align a prcessin f cincidences that have made a surprising utcme pssible, we immediately cnclude that a mysterius frce is respnsible fr this successin f events. We say that it cannt be a cincidence and hence the discvery was in the air.
T avid a purpseful view f the histry f science, there’s an ppsing abductive argument. It’s nt prf but a clue. It is n cincidence that it was the unknwn scientist and nt the giant wh managed t see farther — that is, wh pened new frntiers f knwledge. Giants’ minds were cnstrained by prir knwledge and s trapped within the framewrk f established habits, research questins, and established methds.
The new, little-knwn scientist, n the ther hand, will have seen farther because they will in ne way r anther have been able t break free f the chains f established knwledge, pssibly even betraying it a little. This suggests that innvatrs, with their receptive and prepared minds, are mre likely t encunter serendipitus discveries — thse that are unexpected and nt bund by cnventinal thinking. Therefre, the mst impactful scientific discveries, bth past and future, are likely t be the result f serendipity, emerging frm unfreseen circumstances that defy the predictable paths f research.
28. The underlined wrd “serendipity” in Paragraph 1 prbably means ________.
A. labratry accidentsB. frtunate finds
C. scientific predictinsD. planned experiments
29. What can be inferred abut scientific discveries in Paragraph 2?
A. Cmpetitin can quicken scientific breakthrughs.
B. Scientific discveries are the result f cperative effrts.
C. Prgress in science requires clear and fixed research gals.
D. Similar pressures ften lead t similar scientific discveries.
30. Which f the fllwing writing techniques des the authr use t supprt the argument?
①referring t scientific knwledge ②appealing t emtins ③ giving examples
④citing ideas frm authrities ⑤using cmparisn and cntrast
A. ①②⑤B. ②③④C. ①③⑤D. ①④⑤
31. It is implied in this passage that ________.
A. scientists always remain hpeful fr the best
B. chances favr thse with pen and ready minds
C. gd luck plays the mst crucial rle in innvatin
D. scientific prgress builds upn the knwledge f frerunners
【答案】28. B 29. D 30. C 31. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了一些科学发现是运气还是必然结果的问题，文章通过引用一些科学发现的例子以及知识来论证这一点。
【28题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“He had unknwingly invented shatterprf glass.(他在不知不觉中发明了防碎玻璃)”可知，上文提到爱德华·本尼迪克图斯在不知不觉中发明了防碎玻璃，说明这是一次幸运的发现。故划线词意思是“幸运的发现”。故选B。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“This phenmenn, called cnvergence, als ccurs in bilgical evlutin, where unrelated species develp similar adaptatins due t similar envirnmental pressures. In scientific discvery, this cnvergence is explained by similar selective pressures and cmpeting research grups.(这种被称为趋同的现象也发生在生物进化中，即不相关的物种由于相似的环境压力而发展出相似的适应能力。在科学发现中，这种趋同可以用相似的选择压力和相互竞争的研究小组来解释)”可知，相似的压力常常导致相似的科学发现。故选D。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“We are in the early 1900s, and a French chemist, Eduard Benedictus, has an rdinary accident in the labratry: he drps a chemical bttle. Only this time, it desn’t shatter. Benedictus delves deeper and realizes a cllisin slutin inside the bttle, nce evaprated (蒸发), hlding the glass pieces tgether. He had unknwingly invented shatterprf glass.(20世纪初，法国化学家爱德华·本尼迪克图斯在实验室里发生了一起普通的事故：他掉了一个化学瓶。只是这次，它没有打散。本尼迪克图斯深入研究，在瓶子里发现了一种碰撞解决方案，一旦蒸发，就把玻璃碎片固定在一起。他在不知不觉中发明了防碎玻璃)”可知，运用了举例子的手法；根据第二段“This phenmenn, called cnvergence, als ccurs in bilgical evlutin, where unrelated species develp similar adaptatins due t similar envirnmental pressures. In scientific discvery, this cnvergence is explained by similar selective pressures and cmpeting research grups.(这种被称为趋同的现象也发生在生物进化中，即不相关的物种由于相似的环境压力而发展出相似的适应能力)”可知，引用了科学知识；根据第三段“Nnetheless, at sme pint and in the right circumstances, it was the unknwn scientists, nt the giants, wh managed t see a little farther.(然而，在某些时候，在适当的情况下，是那些不知名的科学家，而不是巨人，设法看得更远一些)”以及最后一段“The new, little-knwn scientist, n the ther hand, will have seen farther because they will in ne way r anther have been able t break free f the chains f established knwledge, pssibly even betraying it a little.(另一方面，新的、不知名的科学家将会看得更远，因为他们将以这样或那样的方式打破既定知识的枷锁，甚至可能有点背叛它)”可知运用了比较和对比的方法，故作者通过引用科学知识、举例子以及运用比较和对比来支持论点，故选C。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“This suggests that innvatrs, with their receptive and prepared minds, are mre likely t encunter serendipitus discveries — thse that are unexpected and nt bund by cnventinal thinking.(这表明，具有接受能力和准备能力的创新者更有可能遇到意外的发现——那些意想不到的、不受传统思维束缚的发现)”可知，机会青睐那些思想开放和准备好的人。故选B。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Cnfirmatin bias is peple’s tendency t prcess infrmatin by lking fr infrmatin that is cnsistent (一致的) with their existing beliefs. This biased apprach t decisin making results in a persn ignring infrmatin that is incnsistent with their beliefs.
One explanatin fr why peple are likely t be affected by cnfirmatin bias is that it is an efficient way t prcess infrmatin. Humans are frever receiving infrmatin and cannt pssibly take the time t carefully prcess each piece f infrmatin t frm an unbiased cnclusin. ___32___ It is adaptive fr humans t rely n instinctive behaviurs that keep them ut f harm’s way. Anther reasn why peple shw cnfirmatin bias is t prtect their pride. Peple like t feel gd abut themselves, and discvering that a belief that they highly value is incrrect makes them feel bad abut themselves. ___33___
Cnfirmatin bias ccurs in several cntexts. In decisin making, nce an individual makes a decisin, they will lk fr infrmatin that supprts it. ___34___ Therefre, the persn will ignre it r give it little cnsideratin. In studies examining my-side bias, peple were able t generate and remember mre reasns supprting their side f a cntrversial issue than the ppsing side.
___35___ If peple are tld what t expect frm a persn they are abut t meet, such as that the persn is friendly and utging, peple will lk fr infrmatin that supprts their expectatins. Fr example, if Maria expects her rmmate t be utging, Maria may ask her if she likes t g t parties rather than asking if she ften studies in the library.
Cnfirmatin bias is imprtant because it may lead peple t give mre weight t infrmatin that supprts their beliefs than what the evidence justifies. Hwever, in reality they have ignred a great deal f evidence cntradicting their beliefs. These factrs may lead t risky decisin making and lead peple t verlk warning signs.
Actively challenging yur beliefs is ne f the mst effective ways t reduce cnfirmatin bias. Fr example, if yu believe a certain practice is beneficial, seek ut reliable surces that criticize it and evaluate their arguments. ___36___ This invlves engaging in cnversatins with peple wh hld ppsing views r reading materials frm unfamiliar perspectives.
A. Cnfirmatin bias als perates in impressin frmatin.
B. Expsing yurself t diverse viewpints can help reduce bias.
C. Infrmatin that cnflicts with a persn’s decisin may cause discmfrt.
D. Therefre, peple will seek infrmatin that supprts their existing beliefs.
E. They need t prcess infrmatin quickly t prtect themselves frm harm.
F. Peple shuldn’t verlk evidence that leads them t questin their beliefs.
G. Imprving these skills can empwer individuals t make mre bjective judgments.
【答案】32. E 33. D 34. C 35. A 36. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了什么是确认偏误以及如何改变这种偏差。
【32题详解】
根据上文“One explanatin fr why peple are likely t be affected by cnfirmatin bias is that it is an efficient way t prcess infrmatin. Humans are frever receiving infrmatin and cannt pssibly take the time t carefully prcess each piece f infrmatin t frm an unbiased cnclusin.(人们容易受到确认偏误影响的一个解释是，这是一种处理信息的有效方式。人类永远在接受信息，不可能花时间仔细处理每一条信息，以形成一个公正的结论)”可知，上文提到人类总是在接受信息，且不可能花时间仔细处理每一条信息，本句承接上文，说明人类因此需要快速处理信息。故E选项“他们需要快速处理信息以保护自己免受伤害”符合语境，故选E。
【33题详解】
根据上文“Peple like t feel gd abut themselves, and discvering that a belief that they highly value is incrrect makes them feel bad abut themselves.(人们喜欢自我感觉良好，发现他们高度重视的信念是不正确的会让他们对自己感觉不好)”可知，上文提到人们喜欢自我感觉良好，本句为本段最后一句，与上文构成因果关系，指出人类为了让自我感觉良好会采取的行动。故D选项“因此，人们会寻找支持他们现有信念的信息”符合语境，故选D。
【34题详解】
根据上文“Cnfirmatin bias ccurs in several cntexts. In decisin making, nce an individual makes a decisin, they will lk fr infrmatin that supprts it.(确认偏误发生在几种情况下。在决策过程中，一旦一个人做出了一个决定，他们就会寻找支持这个决定的信息)”以及后文“Therefre, the persn will ignre it r give it little cnsideratin.(因此，这个人会忽略它或很少考虑它)”可知，后文提到会忽略或很少考虑某种信息，本句是在说明这种信息的特点，C选项中Infrmatin that cnflicts with a persn’s decisin对应后文it。故C选项“与一个人的决定相冲突的信息可能会引起不适”符合语境，故选C。
【35题详解】
根据后文“If peple are tld what t expect frm a persn they are abut t meet, such as that the persn is friendly and utging, peple will lk fr infrmatin that supprts their expectatins. Fr example, if Maria expects her rmmate t be utging, Maria may ask her if she likes t g t parties rather than asking if she ften studies in the library.(如果人们被告知对即将见面的人有什么期望，比如这个人友好、外向，人们就会寻找支持他们期望的信息。例如，如果玛丽亚期望她的室友是外向的，玛丽亚可能会问她是否喜欢参加聚会，而不是问她是否经常在图书馆学习)”可知，本段的例子说明了因为玛利亚期望室友是外向，所以询问是否参加聚会，体现了个人的期望在印象形成中起到了一定作用。故A选项“确认偏误也在印象形成中起作用”符合语境，故选A。
【36题详解】
根据上文“Actively challenging yur beliefs is ne f the mst effective ways t reduce cnfirmatin bias. Fr example, if yu believe a certain practice is beneficial, seek ut reliable surces that criticize it and evaluate their arguments.(积极挑战你的信念是减少确认偏误的最有效方法之一。例如，如果你认为某种做法是有益的，寻找可靠的来源来批评它并评估他们的论点)”以及后文“This invlves engaging in cnversatins with peple wh hld ppsing views r reading materials frm unfamiliar perspectives.(这包括与持相反观点的人进行对话，或者从不熟悉的角度阅读材料)”可知，后文提到了“与持相反观点的人进行对话，或者从不熟悉的角度阅读材料”，这些是获得不同观点的方法，可知本句关于减少偏见的方法是多接触不同的观点。故B选项“让自己接触不同的观点有助于减少偏见”符合语境，故选B。
第三节 阅读文章并回答问题。（共12小题；37至46小题，每小题1分，共10分；47小题，2分；48小题，4分；共16分）
阅读文章并回答问题。
1 In the living rm the vice-clck sang, Tick-tck, seven ' clck, time t get up! as if it were afraid that nbdy wuld. The clck repeated its sunds int the empty huse. Seven-nine, breakfast time!
2 In the kitchen the stve ejected frm its warm interir eight pieces f perfectly brwned tast, eight eggs sunny side up, sixteen slices f bacn, tw cffees, and tw glasses f milk.
3 “Tday is August 42026,” said a secnd vice frm the kitchen ceiling, “in the city f Allendale, Califrnia.” It repeated the date three times. “Tday is Mr. Featherstne’ s birthday. Insurance is payable, as are the water and gas bills.” Smewhere in the walls, relays clicked, memry tapes glided under electric eyes.
4 Tick-tck, eight-ne ’ clck, ff t schl, ff t wrk! It was raining utside. The weather bx n the frnt dr sang quietly: “Rain, rain, g away; umbrellas, raincats fr tday.”
5 At eight-thirty the eggs were shriveled and the tast was like stne. A wedge scraped them int the sink, where ht water whirled them dwn a metal thrat which digested and flushed them away. The dirty dishes were drpped int a ht washer and emerged twinkling dry.
6 Ten ’ clck. The sun came ut frm behind the rain. The huse std alne in a city f rubble and ashes. This was the ne huse left standing. At night the ruined city gave ff a radiactive glw which culd be seen fr miles.
7 Ten-fifteen. The garden sprinklers sprayed water. The water fell, running dwn the charred west side where the huse had been burned, evenly free f its white paint. The entire west face f the huse was black, except fr five places. Here is the silhuette in paint f a man mwing a lawn and a wman bent t pick flwers. Still farther-ver, there is a small by, hands flung int the air; higher up, cmes the image f a thrwn ball, and ppsite him stands a girl, hands raised t catch the ball.
8 Until this day, hw well the huse had kept its peace. Hw carefully it had inquired, “What’ s the passwrd?” and, getting n answer frm fxes and cats, it had shut up its windws and drawn shades with self-prtectin. It did nt allw any utside intrusins.
9 Twelve nn.
10 Tw-fifteen. Bridge tables spruted frm pati walls. Playing cards fluttered nt pads. Music played. But the tables were silent and the cards untuched.
11 At fur ’ clck the tables flded like great butterflies back thrugh the walls.
12 Nine-five. A vice spke frm the ceiling: “Mrs. McClellan, which pem wuld yu like this evening?” The huse was silent. The vice said at last, “Since yu express n preference, I shall select a pem at randm.” Quiet music rse t back the vice. “Sara Teasdale. As I recall, yur favrite...
There will cme sft rains and the smell f the grund,
And swallws circling with their shimmering sund;
And frgs in the pls singing at night,
And wild plum trees in tremulus white;
Rbins will wear their feathery fire,
Whistling their whims n a lw fence-wire;
And nt ne will knw f the war, nt ne
Will care at last when it is dne.
Nt ne wuld mind, neither bird nr tree,
If mankind perished utterly;
And Spring herself, when she wke at dawn
Wuld scarcely knw that we were gne.”
13 At ten ’ clck the huse began t die.
14 The wind blew. A falling tree branch crashed thrugh the kitchen windw. The bttled cleaning slvent(溶剂) was shattered ver the stve. The rm was ablaze in an instant!
15 “Fire!” screamed a vice. The lights flashed, water pumps sht water frm the ceilings. But the slvent spread n the carpet while the vices tk it up in chrus: “Fire, fire, fire!”
16 The huse tried t save itself. Drs sprang tightly shut, but the windws were brken by the heat and the wind fanned the flames.
17 The huse gave grund as the fire in billin angry sparks mved with flaming ease frm rm t rm. And the wall sprays let dwn shwers f mechanical rain. Smewhere, a pump shrugged t a stp. The rain ceased. The reserve water supply which had filled baths and washed dishes fr many days ran ut.
18 The fire went upstairs. It burned paintings by Picass and Matisse in the halls. The fire lay in beds and std in windws. Frm the attic, rbt faces peered dwn with faucet muths letting ut green fluid chemical. The fire backed ff. But the fire was clever. It had sent flame utside the huse, up thrugh the attic t the pumps there. An explsin! The attic brain which directed the pumps was shattered.
19 The huse shuddered, its bared skeletn cringing frm the heat. Help, help! Fire! Run, run! And the vices wailed. Fire, fire, run, run, like a tragic nursery rhyme. And the vices faded. One, tw, three vices died.
20 In the last instant under the fire, ther chruses, unaware f what was happening, culd be heard annuncing the time, setting an umbrella frantically ut and in, r slamming the frnt dr, a thusand things happening, a scene f cnfusin, yet unity; singing, screaming. And ne vice, with extreme disregard fr the situatin, read petry alud.
21 The fire burst the huse and made it cllapse, puffing ut spark and smke. In the kitchen, an instant befre the rain f fire and timber, the stve culd still be seen making breakfasts.
22 The crash. The attic smashing int kitchen and parlr. The parlr int cellar, cellar int sub-cellar. Armchair, circuits, beds, and all, were thrwn in a cluttered pile deep under.
23 Smke and silence. A great quantity f smke.
24 Dawn shwed faintly in the east. Amng the ruins, ne wall std alne. Within the wall, a last vice said, ver and ver again and again, even as the sun rse t shine upn the heaped rubble:
25 “Tday is August 5,2026, tday is August 5,2026, tday is……”
* Nte: The stry was published n May 6,1950. The nuclear bmbings f Hirshima (广岛) and Nagasaki (长崎) tk place in August 1945, just five years prir t this stry's publicatin date.
37. 判断下列词汇在文章中的含义，并从表格中选择恰当的释义。（提示：7个选项中有2项是多余的。）
(1) eject (Para.2) ________
(2) shriveled (Para.5) ________
(3) intrusin (Para.8) ________
(4) fan (Para.16) ________
(5) cluttered (Para.22) ________
38. 请根据原文内容判断下列表述是否正确，正确的选A，错误的选B。
(1) The huse used t be inhabited by a family f fur and several servants. ________
(2) The huse achieved a high level f autmated cntrl with the help f machines. ________
(3) The time fr playing cards started at 4:00 while that fr reading pems started at 9:05. ________
(4) A tree came crashing thrugh the windw, spilling slvent n the stve and started a fire. ________
(5) After the fire alarm, all the cntrl systems in the huse managed t stp the fire immediately. ________
39. 请根据原文内容，简要回答下面的问题。
(1) There are sme indirect references t the nuclear bmbings f Hirshima and Nagasaki in the stry. Find a piece f evidence frm the text.
________________________________________________________________
(2) What is the authr's view twards technlgical advances? Explain with evidence.
________________________________________________________________
【答案】37. ①. F ②. B ③. D ④. G ⑤. C
38. ①. B ②. A ③. B ④. A ⑤. B
39. ①. At night the ruined city gave ff a radiactive glw which culd be seen fr miles. ②. Negative
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇小说。这篇小说通过描绘核战后全自动房屋在废墟中徒劳运转直至毁灭，警示科技依赖与核战争的灾难性后果，反思人类文明的脆弱与消亡。
【37题详解】
考查单词释义。①eject，考查动词，根据第二段“pieces f perfectly brwned tast (八片烤得焦黄的烤面包)”可知，此处表示炉子喷出八片面包。选项F “t push smething ut suddenly and with frce (用力突然地把某物推出)”符合句意。故选F。②shriveled，考查动词，根据第5段“and the tast was like stne (烤面包片就像石头一样)”可知，面包烤像石头一样，即面包烤焦脱水。由此推断shriveled的含义为“变小，干枯”选项B“becming dryer and smaller (变得更干燥和更小)”符合句意。故选B。③intrusin，考查名词。根据第八段“it had shut up its windws and drawn shades with self-prtectin. (它关上了窗户，拉上了窗帘，以保护自己。)”可知，它关上窗户以防止别人入侵。由此推断“intrusin”含义为“入侵”，选项D“the act f entering a place withut permissin (擅自进入：未经允许进入某地的行为)”符合句意。故选D。④fan，考查动词，根据第16段“the windws were brken by the heat (窗户被大火烧破了)”，可知，此处窗户坏掉，风吹进来，风又将火焰扇起。由此推断划线单词“fan”的含义是“扇”。选项G“t blw n the fire and make it burn mre strngly (吹火：给火吹气，使它燃烧得更旺)”符合句意。故选G。⑤cluttered，考查形容词，根据第22段“The attic smashing int kitchen and parlr. (阁楼砸进了厨房和客厅。)”可知，此处建筑坍塌，家具杂物全都散落堆在一处。因此推断划线单词“cluttered”的含义是“凌乱的”。选项C “cvered with lts f things in an untidy way (堆满了乱七八糟的东西)”符合句意。故选C。因此本题答案为：①F；②B；③D；④G；⑤C。
【38题详解】
①考查细节理解。根据第七段“Here is the silhuette in paint f a man mwing a lawn and a wman bent t pick flwers. Still farther-ver, there is a small by, hands flung int the air; higher up, cmes the image f a thrwn ball, and ppsite him stands a girl, hands raised t catch the ball.(这是一个男人修剪草坪剪影，一个女人弯腰采花。再远一点，有一个小男孩，双手挥舞在空中；再往上，是一个被扔出去的球的形象，对面站着一个女孩，举起双手去接球。)”可知，文中仅通过剪影暗示四口之家（男人、女人、男孩、女孩），未提及仆人。因此陈述1错误。故选B。
②考查细节理解。根据第五段“At eight-thirty the eggs were shriveled and the tast was like stne. A wedge scraped them int the sink, where ht water whirled them dwn a metal thrat which digested and flushed them away. The dirty dishes were drpped int a ht washer and emerged twinkling dry. (八点半的时候，鸡蛋已经干了，烤面包片也像石头一样硬。一个楔子把它们刮进水槽，热水顺着金属喉管旋转，把它们消化掉，冲走了。脏盘子被扔进热洗碗机里，出来的时候已经干了。)”可知，这里描述自动准备早餐的过程，说明这是高度自动化的。因此陈述2正确。故选A。
③考查细节理解。根据第10段“Tw-fifteen. Bridge tables spruted frm pati walls. Playing cards fluttered nt pads. Music played. But the tables were silent and the cards untuched. (桥桌从天井的墙上伸出来。扑克牌拍打着落在垫子上。音乐演奏。但是桌子上鸦雀无声，牌也没有动过。)”，第12段“At fur ’ clck the tables flded like great butterflies back thrugh the walls. (四点钟时，桌子像巨大的蝴蝶一样折叠起来，穿过墙壁。)”及第12段“Nine-five. A vice spke frm the ceiling: “Mrs. McClellan, which pem wuld yu like this evening?” The huse was silent. The vice said at last, “Since yu express n preference, I shall select a pem at randm.” Quiet music rse t back the vice. “Sara Teasdale. As I recall, yur favrite. (天花板上传来一个声音：“麦克莱伦太太，今晚你想听哪首诗？”屋子里一片寂静。那声音终于说：“既然你没有偏好，我就随便选一首诗吧。”安静的音乐响起来配合着声音。“莎拉蒂斯代尔。我记得，你最喜欢的。)”可知，原文第10段提到两点十五分桥牌桌出现，第11段四点桌子收起。而第12段九点零五分开始读诗。所以打牌的时间是两点十五分开始，四点结束。因此题目中的时间错误，打牌不是四点开始，而是两点十五分开始，四点结束。所以陈述3错误。故选B。
④考查细节理解。根据第14段“The wind blew. A falling tree branch crashed thrugh the kitchen windw. The bttled cleaning slvent(溶剂) was shattered ver the stve. The rm was ablaze in an instant! (风在吹。一根掉落的树枝啪的一声从厨房的窗户穿了进来。瓶装的清洁溶剂在炉子上被打碎了。房间一下子就着火了！)”可知，一棵树从窗户砸了进来，溶剂洒在炉子上，引起了一场大火。因此陈述4正确。故选A。
⑤考查细节理解。根据第18段“The fire went upstairs. It burned paintings by Picass and Matisse in the halls. The fire lay in beds and std in windws. Frm the attic, rbt faces peered dwn with faucet muths letting ut green fluid chemical. The fire backed ff. But the fire was clever. It had sent flame utside the huse, up thrugh the attic t the pumps there. An explsin! The attic brain which directed the pumps was shattered. (火蔓延到楼上。它在大厅里烧毁了毕加索和马蒂斯的画作。炉火在床上燃烧，在窗户里燃烧。从阁楼上，机器人的脸向下凝视着，水龙头的嘴在流出绿色的液体化学物质。火渐渐熄灭了。但火是聪明的。它把火焰送到了房子外面，从阁楼一直烧到那里的水泵。爆炸!指挥抽水机的顶楼大脑被打碎了。)”可知，火势蔓延，最终爆炸导致系统崩溃，即系统未能立即扑灭火灾。因此陈述5错误，故选B。
【39题详解】
①根据第6段“At night the ruined city gave ff a radiactive glw which culd be seen fr miles. (晚上，这座被毁的城市发出放射性的光芒，几英里外都能看到。)”这里的“放射性光芒”明显暗示核爆炸后的辐射。故答案为：At night the ruined city gave ff a radiactive glw which culd be seen fr miles.
②根据第22段“The attic smashing int kitchen and parlr. The parlr int cellar, cellar int sub-cellar. Armchair, circuits, beds, and all, were thrwn in a cluttered pile deep under. (阁楼坍塌，咂进了厨房和客厅。客厅塌进地下室，地下室塌进地窖。扶手椅、电路、床，还有所有的东西，都乱七八糟地堆在地底下)”及第23段“Smke and silence. A great quantity f smke. (烟雾和寂静。大量的烟。)”可知，高度自动化的配置，也无法抵御巨大的灾难，最终火灾毁灭了一切，由此推断作者对于科技的态度是消极的。故答案为：Negative。
第三部分：拓展词汇（共12小题；每小题1分，共12分）
40. She had a bright face and a (n) ________, businesslike manner.
A. elusiveB. invasiveC. eccentricD. brisk
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她有一张开朗的脸和一种麻利而务实的态度。A. elusive难以理解的；B. invasive侵入的；C. eccentric古怪的；D. brisk精干利落的，麻利的。根据后文“businesslike manner”指一种麻利而务实的态度。故选D。
41. My sister and I did ur best t crrect him, but he is stubbrn and ________.
A. dwncastB. disbedientC. gauntD. miserable
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我姐姐和我尽了最大的努力去纠正他，但他很固执，不听话。A. dwncast沮丧的；B. disbedient不服从的；C. gaunt憔悴的；D. miserable悲惨的。根据上文“but he is stubbrn”指对方固执，不服从。故选B。
42. Female friendships thrive n emtinal cnnectin and ________.
A. cnsistencyB. intuitinC. intimacyD. humility
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：女性友谊在情感联系和亲密关系上茁壮成长。A. cnsistency一致性；B. intuitin直觉；C. intimacy亲密；D. humility谦逊。根据上文“Female friendships thrive n emtinal cnnectin and”指女性友谊在情感联系和亲密关系上茁壮成长。故选C。
43. He was astnished by what I tld him abut ur histry, which seemed t be murders, plts and ________.
A. requisitesB. rebellinsC. triggersD. quests
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对他讲述的我们的历史让他感到震惊，那似乎充满了谋杀、阴谋和叛乱。A. requisites必需品，必备条件；B. rebellins叛乱，反抗；C. triggers触发器，起因；D. quests追求，寻找。空处与“murders, plts”并列，应该是贬义词，rebellins意为“叛乱”，符合语境。故选B。
44. Was Uriah ________ smething? What did he want with Mr. Micawber?
A. ddgingB. signalingC. plttingD. frging
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：乌利亚在密谋什么吗？他找米考伯先生有什么事？A. ddging闪避；B. signaling发信号；C. pltting密谋；D. frging伪造。根据后文“What did he want with Mr. Micawber?”是在猜测乌利亚在密谋什么。故选C。
45. ________ silence, r at least sme time withut cnstant cntent cnsumptin.
A. OverrideB. EmbraceC. InstillD. Fster
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：接受安静，或者至少有一段时间没有持续的内容消费。A. Override推翻；B. Embrace接受，拥抱；C. Instill逐渐灌输；D. Fster培养。根据后文“at least sme time withut cnstant cntent cnsumptin”指接受安静，或至少有一段时间没有持续的内容消费。故选B。
46. The Inspectr ndded and did nt ________ Hlmes’ bjectins.
A. resentB. cncealC. supplementD. fresee
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：探长点点头，并不怨恨福尔摩斯的反对。A. resent 怨恨；B. cnceal隐匿；C. supplement补充；D. fresee预见。根据后文“Hlmes’ bjectins.”指探长不怨恨福尔摩斯的反对。故选A。
47. Sme natural disasters may have aftershcks, s yu shuld take all safety ________.
A. ritualsB. garmentsC. schemesD. precautins
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些自然灾害可能会有余害，所以你应该采取一切安全措施。A. rituals仪式，惯例；B. garments衣物，服装；C. schemes计划，方案；D. precautins预防措施，防备。根据“Sme natural disasters may have aftershcks”可知，因为有余害，所以要采取预防措施。故选D。
48. Being nice is an awful ________ if yu are trying t get things dne.
A. grievanceB. deficitC. nuisanceD. dismay
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你想把事情做好，太过友善是一件可怕的麻烦事。A. grievance不满；B. deficit亏损；C. nuisance麻烦事；D. dismay担忧。根据上文“Being nice is an awful”指在想把事情做好的情况下，太过友善是一件可怕的麻烦事。故选C。
49. Thanks t the regin’s lack f rain, the designs have stayed largely ________ fr 2,000 years.
A. barrenB. intactC. renwnedD. daunting
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于该地区缺乏雨水，这些设计在2000年里基本上保持完好无损。A. barren贫瘠的，荒芜的；B. intact完整的，未受损伤的；C. renwned有名的，声誉卓著的；D. daunting令人畏惧的，令人气馁的。根据“Thanks t the regin’s lack f rain,”可知，由于缺乏雨水，设计基本上保持完好无损。故选B。
50. Fr mst peple, 40 years f wrk is mre than enugh, s the idea f an additinal 20 is ________.
A. discncertingB. unviableC. verdueD. tempting
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于大多数人来说，40年的工作已经足够了，所以再额外工作20年的想法是令人不安的。A. discncerting令人不安的，使人困惑的；B. unviable不可行的，不能实施的；C. verdue逾期的，过期的；D. tempting诱人的，吸引人的。根据“40 years f wrk is mre than enugh”可知，再额外工作20年的想法是令人不安的。故选A。
51. The idea f becming a rck star was “unppular” with her parents, and she was timid abut ________ them.
A. fawningB. betrayingC. cnslingD. defying
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：成为摇滚明星的想法不受她父母的欢迎，她不敢违抗他们。A. fawning奉承讨好；B. betraying背叛；C. cnsling安慰；D. defying违抗。根据上文“The idea f becming a rck star was “unppular” with her parents,”指父母不喜欢她当摇滚明星，而她不敢违抗父母的意思，故选D。
第四部分：书面表达（共15分）
52. 假如你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的外国好友Jim对中国传统文化很感兴趣，你决定在春节来临之际送他一幅剪纸表达祝福。请从下面两幅剪纸中选出一幅作品并附信介绍。内容包括：
1简要介绍中国剪纸；
2.介绍所选剪纸作品。
注意：开头和结尾已给出。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Jim,
Knwing yur keen interest in traditinal Chinese culture, I’m delighted t send yu a paper-cut as a Spring Festival gift.
Chinese paper-cutting, with a histry spanning ver a thusand years, is a remarkable flk art. Artists use scissrs r knives t craft vivid patterns n paper, which can be seen in festivals and daily life. I’ve chsen the paper-cut featuring several fish amidst flwers. In Chinese, “fish” is prnunced “yu”, hmphnic with the wrd fr “abundance”. The flwers symblize prsperity and beauty. This paper-cut nt nly represents the jy f the Spring Festival but als cnveys my wishes fr yur life t be filled with wealth and gd luck in the cming year.
Hpe yu will like it.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。外国好友Jim对中国传统文化很感兴趣，考生决定在春节来临之际送他一幅剪纸表达祝福，要求考生按照要求从两幅剪纸中选出一幅作品并附信介绍。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：delighted → glad
非凡的：remarkable → extrardinary
生动的：vivid → lifelike
充满：be filled with → be full f
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Knwing yur keen interest in traditinal Chinese culture, I’m delighted t send yu a paper-cut as a Spring Festival gift.
拓展句：Knwing that yu are keen n traditinal Chinese culture, I’m delighted t send yu a paper-cut as a Spring Festival gift.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Chinese paper-cutting, with a histry spanning ver a thusand years, is a remarkable flk art. （运用了with的复合结构）
A. dried-up and dead
B. becming dryer and smaller
C. cvered with lts f things in an untidy way
D. the act f entering a place withut permissin
E. an fficial visit t a place t check it carefully
F. t push smething ut suddenly and with frce
G. t blw n the fire and make it burn mre strngly