【04-暑假培优练】06 表语从句 选修二 Unit 1 (教师版)-2025年新高二英语暑假衔接讲练 (人教版)

这是一份【04-暑假培优练】06 表语从句 选修二 Unit 1 (教师版)-2025年新高二英语暑假衔接讲练 (人教版)，共16页。试卷主要包含了表语从句的用法，表语从句应注意的问题，表语从句与宾语从句的异同等内容，欢迎下载使用。
☛第一层 巩固提升练
考点一、表语从句的用法
考点二、表语从句应注意的问题
考点三、表语从句与宾语从句的异同
☛第二层 能力培优练
精选各地综合性练习题，帮助学生能力提升与培优
☛第三层 拓展突破练
最新高考真题操练相关知识点，助力学生取得更大突破
表语从句的用法
【知识积累·练前热身】
表语从句是在复合句中作表语的从句，位于系动词之后，一般结构是 “主语 + 系动词 + 表语从句”。常用来引导表语从句的连接词有 that（无意义，不可省略），whether（是否），as if/as thugh（好像），because（因为）等；连接代词有 what，wh，whm，which，whse 等；连接副词有 when，where，why，hw 等。例句：
The prblem is that we dn't have enugh mney.（问题是我们没有足够的钱。that 引导表语从句，在从句中不充当成分）
The questin is whether he will cme r nt.（问题是他是否会来。whether 引导表语从句，有 “是否” 之意）
It lks as if it is ging t rain.（看起来好像要下雨了。as if 引导表语从句，表 “好像”）
That's why he was late.（那就是他迟到的原因。why 引导表语从句，表示原因）
This is what I want.（这就是我想要的。what 引导表语从句，并在从句中作宾语）
（一）单选题
1.The mst imprtant thing is ______ we shuld take measures t prtect the envirnment immediately.
A. which B. that C. what D. why
答案：B
解析：“is” 是系动词，后接表语从句，从句不缺成分，用 that 引导，所以选 B。
2.Her explanatin was ______ the accident was caused by human errr.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
答案：B
解析：“was” 是系动词，后接表语从句，从句不缺成分，用 that 引导，所以选 B。
3.It appears ______ they have already knwn the result f the experiment.
A. as if B. like C. that D. whether
答案：C
解析：“appears” 是系动词，“that” 引导表语从句，在从句中不充当成分，所以选 C。
4.The key questin is ______ will be respnsible fr this prject.
A. wh B. whm C. whse D. which
答案：A
解析：“is” 是系动词，后接表语从句，从句缺主语，指人，用 wh 引导，所以选 A。
5.That's ______ he decided t change his career path.
A. because B. hw C. what D. why
答案：D
解析：“is” 是系动词，后接表语从句，“why” 引导表语从句，表示原因，所以选 D。
（二）填空题
1.The difficulty is ______ we lack enugh funds t supprt the research.（用适当的连接词填空）
答案：that
解析：“is” 是系动词，后接表语从句，从句不缺成分，用 that 引导，所以填 that。
2.It seems ______ they are ging t have a fierce cmpetitin.（用适当的连接词或词组填空）
答案：as if
解析：“seems” 是系动词，“as if” 引导表语从句，表 “好像”，所以填 as if。
3.The mystery is ______ has the ability t slve this cmplex prblem.（用适当的连接词填空）
答案：wh
解析：“is” 是系动词，后接表语从句，从句缺主语，指人，用 wh 引导，所以填 wh。
4.His gal is ______ he wants t establish his wn business in the next five years.（用适当的连接词填空）
答案：that
解析：“is” 是系动词，后接表语从句，从句不缺成分，用 that 引导，所以填 that。
5.The reasn is ______ the equipment brke dwn suddenly.（用适当的连接词填空）
答案：that
解析：主语是 “reasn”，表语从句用 that 引导，所以填 that。
表语从句应注意的问题
【知识积累·练前热身】
1. that 的用法：在表语从句中，that 只起连接作用，不充当句子成分，但一般不能省略。但当主语是 reasn 时，表语从句要用 that 引导，而不是 because。例如：The reasn fr his absence is that he is ill.（他缺席的原因是他生病了）
2. whether 与 if 的区别：引导表语从句时，只能用 whether，不能用 if。例如：The questin is whether we can finish the wrk n time.（问题是我们是否能按时完成工作）
3. as if/as thugh 的语气：as if/as thugh 引导的表语从句若表示与事实相反的情况，从句要用虚拟语气。例如：She lks as if she had seen a ghst.（她看起来好像见到了鬼。实际上没见到，与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时）
4. because 引导表语从句：because 可引导表语从句，用于说明主语的原因，而 why 引导的表语从句是说明结果。例如：He was late because he missed the bus.（他迟到是因为他错过了公交车）对比：That's why he was late.（那就是他迟到的原因）
5. 表语从句的时态：表语从句的时态要根据主句的时态和语境来确定。如果主句是一般现在时，从句可以根据实际情况使用各种时态；如果主句是一般过去时，从句一般要用过去的某种时态（但表示客观真理时仍用一般现在时）。例如：My idea was that we wuld start at nce.（我的想法是我们马上开始。主句是一般过去时，从句用过去将来时）The fact is that the earth mves arund the sun.（事实是地球绕着太阳转。表示客观真理，从句用一般现在时）
（一）单选题
1.The reasn fr the delay is ______ there was a traffic jam n the way.
A. that B. because C. why D. what
答案：A
解析：主语是 “reasn”，表语从句用 that 引导，所以选 A。
2.The questin is ______ we ught t trust him r nt.
A. whether B. if C. that D. what
答案：A
解析：引导表语从句表示 “是否” 用 whether，不能用 if，所以选 A。
3.She lks as if she ______ lived in a different era.
A. is B. was C. were D. had been
答案：C
解析：as if 引导的表语从句表示与事实相反的情况，这里与现在事实相反，从句用虚拟语气，be 动词用 were，所以选 C。
4.The fact is ______ light travels faster than sund.
A. that B. which C. what D. whether
答案：A
解析：“is” 是系动词，后接表语从句，从句不缺成分，用 that 引导，且表示客观真理，所以选 A。
5.The reasn why he failed was ______ he didn't prepare well enugh.
A. because B. that C. which D. what
答案：B
解析：主语是 “reasn”，表语从句用 that 引导，所以选 B。
（二）改错题
1.The reasn he was absent is because he was ill.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：（错误：because，改正：that）
解析：主语是 “reasn”，表语从句用 that 引导，不能用 because。
2.The prblem is if the plan is practical.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：（错误：if，改正：whether）
解析：引导表语从句表示 “是否” 用 whether，不能用 if。
3.He lks as if he is a millinaire.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：（错误：is，改正：were）
解析：as if 引导的表语从句表示与事实相反的情况，这里表虚拟，be 动词用 were。
4.The truth is what water bils at 100 degrees Celsius.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：（错误：what，改正：that）
解析：“is” 是系动词，后接表语从句，从句不缺成分，用 that 引导，且表示客观真理。
5.The reasn she didn't cme was because she had an emergency.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：（错误：because，改正：that）
解析：主语是 “reasn”，表语从句用 that 引导，不能用 because。
表语从句与宾语从句的异同
【知识积累·练前热身】
（一）相同点
1. 都属于名词性从句，都可以用连接词 that，whether，if（仅宾语从句可用 if），连接代词和连接副词引导。
2. 从句都要用陈述句语序。例如：
宾语从句：I dn't knw what he is ding.（我不知道他正在做什么）
表语从句：The questin is what he is ding.（问题是他正在做什么）
（二）不同点
1. 从句位置不同：宾语从句在及物动词或介词之后；表语从句在系动词之后。例如：
宾语从句：I believe that he is hnest.（我相信他是诚实的。“believe” 是及物动词，that 引导宾语从句）
表语从句：The truth is that he is hnest.（事实是他是诚实的。“is” 是系动词，that 引导表语从句）
2. 功能不同：宾语从句在句子中作宾语，表语从句在句子中作表语，用来解释说明主语的特征、状态、身份等。例如：
宾语从句：He asked me where I lived.（他问我住在哪里。“where I lived” 作 “asked” 的宾语）
表语从句：Her hbby is painting.（她的爱好是绘画。“painting” 作表语，说明主语 “hbby” 的内容）
（一）单选题
1.I wnder ______ he will arrive n time.
A. that B. whether C. what D. which
答案：B
解析：“wnder” 是及物动词，后接宾语从句，从句有 “是否” 之意，用 whether 引导，所以选 B。
2.The issue is ______ he will arrive n time.
A. that B. what C. whether D. which
答案：C
解析：“is” 是系动词，后接表语从句，从句有 “是否” 之意，用 whether 引导，所以选 C。
3.She asked me ______ I had finished my hmewrk.
A. that B. whether C. what D. which
答案：B
解析：“asked” 是及物动词，后接宾语从句，从句有 “是否” 之意，用 whether 引导，所以选 B。
4.The mystery is ______ he hid the treasure.
A. that B. whether C. what D. where
答案：D
解析：“is” 是系动词，后接表语从句，从句缺地点状语，用 where 引导，所以选 D。
5.We all knw ______ the earth is rund.
A. that B. whether C. what D. which
答案：A
解析：“knw” 是及物动词，后接宾语从句，从句不缺成分，用 that 引导，所以选 A。
（二）句型转换题
1. I knw smething. He is very gd at painting.（合并成一个含有表语从句的句子）
________________________________________________________________________
答案：The thing that I knw is that he is very gd at painting.
解析：将两个句子合并为含有表语从句的句子，先确定主句的主语 “The thing”，“that I knw” 为定语从句修饰 “thing”，“is” 为系动词，后接表语从句 “that he is very gd at painting”。
2. I dn't understand smething. Why did she make such a chice?（合并成一个含有表语从句的句子）
________________________________________________________________________
答案：The thing that I dn't understand is why she made such a chice.
解析：先确定主句主语 “The thing”，“that I dn't understand” 是定语从句，系动词 “is” 后接表语从句 “why she made such a chice”。
3. He asked smething. Will they cme t the party?（合并成一个含有表语从句的句子）
________________________________________________________________________
答案：The questin that he asked was whether they wuld cme t the party.
解析：以 “The questin” 作主语，“that he asked” 为定语从句，系动词 “was” 后接表语从句 “whether they wuld cme t the party”，注意宾语从句变为表语从句时，时态也做相应变化。
4. We believe smething. We will succeed in the end.（合并成一个含有表语从句的句子）
________________________________________________________________________
答案：The belief that we have is that we will succeed in the end.
解析：确定主句主语 “The belief”，“that we have” 为定语从句，“is” 后接表语从句 “that we will succeed in the end”。
5. She wnders smething. What is his real intentin?（合并成一个含有表语从句的句子）
________________________________________________________________________
答案：The thing that she wnders is what his real intentin is.
解析：以 “The thing” 作主语，“that she wnders” 是定语从句，系动词 “is” 后接表语从句 “what his real intentin is”，注意宾语从句变为表语从句时，语序不变。
一、单句语法填空
1．The reasn is I missed the bus. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：原因是我没赶上公共汽车。此处为连接词引导的表语从句，从句中不缺句子成分，且句意完整，所以此处使用连接词that。故填that。
2．After all, fame and persnal gain is they are after. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】what
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：毕竟，名誉和个人利益是他们所追求的。空处引导名词性从句作is的表语，表语从句中after后缺少宾语，结合“fame and persnal gain”可知，宾语指物，应用连接代词what作引导词。故填what。
3．It is knwn t us all that China is n lnger she used t be. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】what
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：众所周知，中国已不再是过去的样子了。该空需要一个连接词引导表语从句，并指代事物在表语从句中作表语，应使用连接代词what。故填what。
4．We were held up in the traffic jam and that’s we are late. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】why
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：我们被堵在了交通阻塞中，那就是我们迟到的原因。根据句中We were held up in the traffic jam和we are late可知，我们被堵在交通阻塞中，那就是为什么我们迟到了，空处应用why引导表语从句，that’s why表示“那就是……的原因，那就是为什么”，符合题意。故填why。
5．Srry, we are late. That’s we were held up in the traffic jam. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】because
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：对不起，我们迟到了。那是因为我们遭遇了交通堵塞。本空引导表语从句，说明迟到的原因，用because“因为”引导。故填because。
6．Peter shwed me that what matters is yu cnvey yur wn passin s that yu excite ther peple. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】hw
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：彼得告诉我，重要的是你如何表达自己的激情，这样你才能激发别人。空处引导表语从句，从句缺少方式状语，需用连接副词hw引导。故填hw。
7．Sme peple whse intentin is t make big mney appreciate being given any chance t multiply their incme, believing this is their happiness lies. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】where
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：一些想赚大钱的人很感激有机会增加收入，相信这就是他们的幸福所在。空处引导表语从句，lies为不及物动词，意为“所在的地方”，应用where引导，在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
8．This is Sara was late fr the meeting, but ur teacher didn’t knw the reasn at the beginning. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】why
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：这就是Sara开会迟到的原因，但是我们的老师一开始并不知道原因。引导表语从句，从句缺少原因状语，故用why。故填why。
9．They fcus n getting a certificate .The reasn is they may assume that a certificate can prve their English is very gd. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：他们专注于获得证书。原因在于他们可能认为证书可以证明他们英语很好。空处应填一个表语从句连接词，空后的从句成分完整且表肯定意义，是对主语the reasn的进一步解释。故填that。
10．Experts aren’t sure exactly hw dreams wrk, but what is certain is they are necessary fr ur mental health and that everyne has dreams. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】that
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：专家们并不完全清楚梦境是如何运作的，但可以确定的是，梦境对我们的心理健康是必要的，而且每个人都会做梦。空处引导表语从句，从句句意完整、成分齐全，应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填that。
二、短文语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容 (1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。
“Father f hybrid rice”, Yuan Lngping died f illness at 13: 07 p. m. in 1 hspital in Changsha f Hunan prvince
He 2 (cultivate) the wrld’s first high-yielding hybrid rice strain in 1973, 3 was later grwn n a large scale in China and ther cuntries t substantially raise utput. Yuan nce said he had tw dreams. One is that peple can enjy the cl under the rice crps taller than men. The ther is that hybrid rice culd 4 (grw) all ver the wrld t help slve the glbal fd 5 (shrt) . Everyne knws 6 he is the Savir (救世主) , but he said he is an ld farmer wh has grwn rice all 7 (he) life, and that he wuld keep wrking unless he culd n lnger see r walk.
On September 19, 2020, Yuan Lngping sent his best 8 (wish) t the yuth and shared his eight wrd successful experience: knwledge, sweat, and pprtunity. “Knwledge is the fundatin. Sweat is the practice,” he said. “Inspiratin is a spark f thught Everyne has a spark f thught s dn’t give it up.” He als said “Chance favrs the 9 (prepare) mind!” in English.
Our best way 10 (hnur) him is t cherish every grain in the bwl and every day withut starvatin.
【答案】
1．a 2．cultivated 3．which 4．be grwn 5．shrtage 6．that 7．his 8．wishes 9．prepared 10．t hnur
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平在湖南省长沙市的一家医院因病去世，以及他对杂交水稻的贡献和曾经分享的成功经验。
1．考查冠词。句意：“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平于下午1点07分在湖南省长沙市的一家医院因病去世。可数名词hspital在句中表示“一家医院”，泛指，且hspital是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
2．考查动词时态。句意：他在1973年培育出了世界上第一个高产杂交水稻品种，后来在中国和其他国家大规模种植，大幅提高了产量。cultivate(培育)作谓语，与主语He之间是主动关系，结合时间状语“in 1973”可知，讲述过去的事情应用一般过去时态。故填cultivated。
3．考查定语从句。句意：他在1973年培育出了世界上第一个高产杂交水稻品种，后来在中国和其他国家大规模种植，大幅提高了产量。“ was later grwn n a large scale in China and ther cuntries t substantially raise utput”是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the wrld’s first high-yielding hybrid rice strain，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，故用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。
4．考查动词语态。句意：另一个是杂交水稻能在全世界种植，帮助解决全球粮食短缺问题。grw(种植)是宾语从句中谓语动词，与主语hybrid rice构成被动关系，情态动词culd后跟动词原形be grwn。故填be grwn。
5．考查名词。句意：另一个是杂交水稻能在全世界种植，帮助解决全球粮食短缺问题。提示词作slve的宾语，用名词shrtage，表示“短缺”，不可数名词。故填shrtage。
6．考查宾语从句。句意：每个人都知道他是救世主，但他说他是一个一生都在种水稻的老农民，除非他再也看不见或走不动了，否则他会继续工作。“he is the Savir (救世主)”是宾语从句，从句不缺成分，句意完整，故用连接词that引导。故填that。
7．考查固定短语。句意：每个人都知道他是救世主，但他说他是一个一生都在种水稻的老农民，除非他再也看不见或走不动了，否则他会继续工作。提示词作定语，用形容词性物主代词his，意为“他的”。故填his。
8．考查名词。句意：2020年9月19日，袁隆平向青年们致以最美好的祝愿，并分享了他八个字的成功经验：知识、汗水和机遇。可数名词wish作宾语，结合句意和常识可知，“祝愿”不止一个，应用复数形式wishes作宾语。故填wishes。
9．考查形容词。句意：他还用英语说：“机会青睐有准备的人！” prepare(准备)修饰名词mind，用形容词prepared作定语，意为“有准备的，准备好的”。故填prepared。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们纪念他的最好方式就是珍惜碗里的每一粒粮食，珍惜没有饥饿的每一天。名词way后常识用不定式作定语，way t d...意为“做……的方式/方法”。故填t hnur。
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容 (1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Stephen Hawking: A superher scientist
“We are just an advanced breed f mnkeys n a minr planet f a very average star. But we can understand the universe. That makes us smething very special.” That’s 1 the wrld-famus physicist Stephen Hawking nce described humans.
The British scientist was best knwn fr his grundbreaking wrk in physics. Hawking’s ideas helped us understand the way the universe 2 (wrk), and made him famus arund the wrld. In 1985, he said, “My gal is simple. It is cmplete understanding f the universe, why it is as it is and why it exists at all.”
Brn in Oxfrd n 8 January 1942, Hawking was the ldest f fur children. As a student, he 3 (draw) t the wrld f physics and maths because he believed they ffered the best insights int the universe.
Aged21, when he was studying at university, Hawking was diagnsed with ALS, a frm f mtr neurne disease. When his illness left him unable t write, Hawking trained himself 4 (visualize) cmplex prblems in his mind instead. Scientists wh wrked with Hawking suggested that this way f thinking 5 (help) him cme up with his mst brilliant theries.
He wrte a number f best-selling bks, including A Brief Histry f Time, in 6 Hawking explains the science f csmlgy (the study f hw the universe began and then evlved) including hw black hles wrk. These cmplicated tpics were explained in a way that made 7 easier fr everyne t understand them.
Hawking’s illness didn’t stp him 8 (try) new things. Fr his 65th birthday, Hawking experienced weightlessness n bard a specially mdified Being727jet. The plane drps frm a significant height and allws passengers t flat 9 they were in space. 10 (restrict) t a wheelchair fr mst f his life, Hawking said in flating he felt true freedm. “I was Superman fr thse few minutes,” he said.
【答案】
1．hw 2．wrks 3．was drawn 4．t visualize 5．helped 6．which 7．it 8．trying 9．as if 10．Being restricted
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了著名科学家霍金。
1．考查连接词。句意：这就是世界著名物理学家斯蒂芬·霍金曾经对人类的描述方式。本句为表语从句，从句缺少连接词，表示方式，用hw引导的该从句。故填hw。
2．考查时态。句意：霍金的思想帮助我们理解了宇宙的运作方式，并使他闻名世界。陈述客观事实，为一般现在时，主语单数，谓语单数。故填wrks。
3．考查时态语态。句意：作为一名学生，他被物理和数学的世界所吸引，因为他相信它们提供了对宇宙最好的见解。根据“believed”可知，本句在陈述过去的动作，用一般过去时，主语he与谓语draw为被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was drawn。
4．考查不定式。句意：当他的疾病使他无法写作时，霍金训练自己在脑海中想象复杂的问题。train sb t d sth训练某人做某事，动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填t visualize。
5．考查时态。句意：与霍金共事的科学家们认为，这种思维方式帮助霍金提出了他最杰出的理论。根据“suggested”可知，从句在此陈述过去发生的动作，为一般过去时。故填helped。
6．考查。句意：他写了许多畅销书，其中包括《时间简史》，霍金在书中解释了宇宙学（研究宇宙如何开始和演化），包括黑洞是如何工作的。先行词为A Brief Histry f Time，在定语从句中作in的宾语，关系代词为which。故填which。
7．考查代词。句意：这些复杂的话题都用一种让每个人都更容易理解的方式来解释。it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为动词不定式。故填it。
8．考查动名词。句意：霍金的病并没有阻止他尝试新事物。stp sb (frm) ding sth阻止某人做某事。故填trying。
9．考查连词。句意：飞机从一个相当高的高度下降，让乘客漂浮，就像他们在太空中一样。根据句意可知，本句为as if“好像”引导的方式状语从句。故填as if。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：霍金一生中大部分时间都坐在轮椅上，他说在漂浮中他感到了真正的自由。空处为非谓语动词，Hawking与restrict为被动关系，且表示动作一直在进行，应用现在分词的被动形式。首字母大写。故填Being restricted
一、阅读理解
（2023·全国·高考真题）Persnal Frgiveness
Taking respnsibility fr mistakes is a psitive step, but dn’t beat yurself up abut them. T err (犯错) is human. 1 Yu can use the fllwing writing exercise t help yu d this.
In a jurnal r n a piece f paper, put the heading “Persnal strengths.” 2 Are yu caring? Creative? Generus? A gd listener? Fun t be arund? They dn’t have t be wrld-changing, just aspects f yur persnality that yu’re prud f.
At the tp f a secnd page, put the heading “Acts f kindness.” On this ne, list all the psitive things yu’ve dne fr thers. It might be the time when yu helped a friend with their hmewrk, when yu did the irning withut being asked, r when yu baked ckies after the family had had a tiring day. 3
Yu culd ask a friend r family member t help add t yur list. 4 That way, yu culd exchange thughts n what makes each f yu special and the aspects f yur persnality that shine thrugh. In fact, dn’t wait until yu’ve made a mistake t try this — it’s a great way t bst self-cnfidence at any time.
It’s smething f a cliché (陈词滥调) that mst peple learn nt frm their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. 5 We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a psitive way t develp and grw.
A．A little self-frgiveness als ges a lng way.
B．Nw list all the characteristics yu like abut yurself.
C．They might even like t have a g at ding the exercise.
D．It’s just as imprtant t shw yurself sme frgiveness.
E．It desn’t mean yu have t ignre what’s happened r frget it.
F．Whatever it is, n matter hw small it might seem, write it dwn.
G．Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect f yur persnality.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．F 4．C 5．G
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章鼓励人们练习自我宽恕，并提供了一个简单的写作练习来增强自信。通过列出个人的优点和善良的行为，人们可以学会原谅自己的错误，并从中成长。
1．根据空前内容“Taking respnsibility fr mistakes is a psitive step, but dn’t beat yurself up abut them. T err (犯错) is human. (为错误承担责任是积极的一步，但不要因此而自责。人孰能无过)”可知，作者认为人都会犯错，勇于承担责任固然重要，但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后“Yu can use the fllwing writing exercise t help yu d this. (你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点)”中的“d this”以及下文内容可推断，空处应该内容和“不要太自责”相似。选项D“It’s just as imprtant t shw yurself sme frgiveness. (宽恕自己也同样重要)”与“不要太自责”语意相近，起承上启下的作用。故选D。
2．根据空前内容“In a jurnal r n a piece f paper, put the heading “Persnal strengths. ” (在日记或纸上写上“个人优点”)”以及空后内容“Are yu caring? Creative? Generus? A gd listener? Fun t be arund? They dn’t have t be wrld-changing, just aspects f yur persnality that yu’re prud f. (你有爱心吗？有创造力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行)”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项B“Nw list all the characteristics yu like abut yurself. (现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点)”符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释那些是优点。故选B。
3．根据上文内容“At the tp f a secnd page, put the heading “Acts f kindness.” On this ne, list all the psitive things yu’ve dne fr thers. It might be the time when yu helped a friend with their hmewrk, when yu did the irning withut being asked, r when yu baked ckies after the family had had a tiring day. (在第二页的顶部，写上“善举”的标题。在这张单子上，列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作业的时候，当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候，或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候)”可知，本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。选项F“Whatever it is, n matter hw small it might seem, write it dwn. (不管是什么，不管它看起来有多小，都要把它写下来)”与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。故选F。
4．根据空后内容“That way, yu culd exchange thughts n what makes each f yu special and the aspects f yur persnality that shine thrugh. (这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个性中闪光的方面)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项C“They might even like t have a g at ding the exercise. (他们甚至可能想试一试做练习)”符合语境，C项中的“they”与空前的“Yu culd ask a friend r family member t help add t yur list. (你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“a friend r family member”保持一致，同时选项C和下文“In fact, dn’t wait until yu’ve made a mistake t try this — it’s a great way t bst self-cnfidence at any time. (事实上，不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法)”中的“this”一致。故选C。
5．根据空前内容“It’s smething f a cliché (陈词滥调) that mst peple learn nt frm their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. (大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习，而是从他们的错误中学习，这是陈词滥调。但事实是，这是真的)”可知，作者认为人是从错误中学习。选项G“Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect f yur persnality. (不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面)”符合语境，G项中的“isn’t a fixed aspect f yur persnality”和空后内容“We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a psitive way t develp and grw. (我们一直在改变和学习，错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方式)”保持一致，指的都是犯错并不是性格中固有的一面，我们是通过错误来成长。故选G。
【点睛】
二、完形填空
（2024·北京·高考真题）I’d just arrived at schl, ready fr anther schl day. I was reading a bk in the classrm when there was an SEQ a \* MERGEFORMAT 1 . “Tday at 1: 10 there will be auditins (面试) fr a musical.” My friends all jumped up in excitement and asked me, “Will yu be ging, Amy?” “Sure,” I said. I had n SEQ a \* MERGEFORMAT 2 in drama, but I’d try ut because my friends were ding it.
At 1:10, there was a SEQ a \* MERGEFORMAT 3 utside the drama rm. Everyne lked energetic. I hadn’t expected I’d be standing there that mrning. But nw that I was ding it, I SEQ a \* MERGEFORMAT 4 felt nervus. What if I wasn’t any gd?
I entered the rm and the teachers made me say sme lines frm the musical. They then SEQ a \* MERGEFORMAT 5 my singing skills and asked what rle I wanted t play. The teachers were smiling and praising me. I felt like I had a SEQ a \* MERGEFORMAT 6 , s I said, “A big rle.” They said they’d lk int it. I started getting really nervus. What if I didn’t get a main rle?
Sn, the cast list was SEQ a \* MERGEFORMAT 7 . My friends checked and came back shuting, “Amy, yu gt the main rle! ” Sure enugh, my name was at the tp. I just stared at it and started t SEQ a \* MERGEFORMAT 8 . I was s happy.
After tw mnths we were all prepared and ready t g n stage. It was fun. And when peple started SEQ a \* MERGEFORMAT 9 , that gave me a bst f cnfidence. It stayed with me and made me feel SEQ a \* MERGEFORMAT 10 . I realised that by trying smething new, I can have fun — even if it means stepping ut f my cmfrt zne.
SEQ b \* MERGEFORMAT 1．A．assignmentB．initiativeC．annuncementD．interview
SEQ b \* MERGEFORMAT 2．A．hesitancyB．interestC．wrryD．regret
SEQ b \* MERGEFORMAT 3．A．gameB．shwC．playD．line
SEQ b \* MERGEFORMAT 4．A．suddenlyB．cntinuuslyC．riginallyD．generally
SEQ b \* MERGEFORMAT 5．A．advertisedB．testedC．challengedD．plished
SEQ b \* MERGEFORMAT 6．A．demandB．creditC．dreamD．chance
SEQ b \* MERGEFORMAT 7．A．tradedB．pstedC．questinedD．claimed
SEQ b \* MERGEFORMAT 8．A．well upB．rll inC．stand utD．g ff
SEQ b \* MERGEFORMAT 9．A．whisperingB．arguingC．clappingD．stretching
SEQ b \* MERGEFORMAT 10．A．funnierB．fairerC．clevererD．braver
【答案】
SEQ c \* MERGEFORMAT 1．C SEQ c \* MERGEFORMAT 2．B SEQ c \* MERGEFORMAT 3．D SEQ c \* MERGEFORMAT 4．A SEQ c \* MERGEFORMAT 5．B SEQ c \* MERGEFORMAT 6．D SEQ c \* MERGEFORMAT 7．B SEQ c \* MERGEFORMAT 8．A SEQ c \* MERGEFORMAT 9．C SEQ c \* MERGEFORMAT 10．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者抱着试一试的心态，参加了音乐剧面试却成功获得了扮演音乐剧主角的机会，作者在这次经历中体验到了尝试新事物带来的乐趣。
SEQ d \* MERGEFORMAT 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我正在教室里看书，这时有一则公告。A. assignment任务；B. initiative倡议；C. annuncement公告；D. interview面试。根据下文“Tday at 1:10 there will be auditins fr a musical.”可推知，此处指作者正在教室里看书，这时作者听到有一则公告。故选C。
SEQ d \* MERGEFORMAT 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对戏剧没有兴趣，但是因为朋友们都在做，我也决定尝试一下。A. hesitancy犹豫；B. interest兴趣；C. wrry担心；D. regret懊悔。根据下文“But I’d try ut because my friends were ding it”可推知，此处指作者虽然对戏剧没有兴趣，但因为朋友们都在做，所以作者也决定尝试一下。故选B。
SEQ d \* MERGEFORMAT 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在1:10的时候，戏剧室外面排起了队。A. game游戏；B. shw展览；C. play游戏；D. line队伍。根据下文“Everyne lked energetic. I hadn’t expected I’d be standing there that mrning.”可知，此处指戏剧室外面排起了队。故选D。
SEQ d \* MERGEFORMAT 4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但是现在我正在排队的时候，我突然感到紧张。A. suddenly突然；B. cntinuusly连续不断地；C. riginally起初；D. generally通常。根据上文“But nw that I was ding it,”以及下文“What if I wasn’t any gd?”可推知，此处指作者在排队的过程中突然感到紧张。故选A。
SEQ d \* MERGEFORMAT 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后他们测试了我的唱歌技巧，问我想要演什么角色。A. advertised为……做广告；B. tested测验；C. challenged对……怀疑；D. plished润色。根据上文“I entered the rm and the teachers made me say sme lines frm the musical.”以及下文“The teachers were smiling and praising me.”可推知，此处指作者进入戏剧室后，老师们让作者说几句音乐剧中的台词，测试作者的唱歌技巧，并对作者的表现很满意。故选B。
SEQ d \* MERGEFORMAT 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我感觉我有机会，所以我说“一个重要的角色”。A. demand需求；B. credit信用；C. dream梦想；D. chance机会。根据上文“The teachers were smiling and praising me.”可知，作者得到老师的表扬，所以此处指作者觉得自己有机会扮演音乐剧主角。故选D。
SEQ d \* MERGEFORMAT 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不久演员表就被张贴了出来。A. traded交易；B. psted张贴；C. questined询问；D. claimed宣称。根据下文“My friends checked and came back shuting, “Amy, yu gt the main rle!””以及下文“my name was at the tp.”可推知，此处指很快演员表就被张贴了出来，作者在名单最上边。故选B。
SEQ d \* MERGEFORMAT 8．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我只是盯着它，然后情绪开始迸发。A. well up (情绪)迸发；B. rll in (金钱等)大量涌进；C. stand ut脱颖而出；D. g ff爆炸。根据下文“I was s happy”可推知，此处指作者盯着演员表看，然后情绪开始迸发，感觉很开心。故选A。
SEQ d \* MERGEFORMAT 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后人们开始鼓掌，这给了我信心。A. whispering耳语；B. arguing争吵；C. clapping鼓掌；D. stretching伸展。根据下文“that gave me a bst f cnfidence”以及常识可推知，此处指人们的掌声增强了作者的信心。故选C。
SEQ d \* MERGEFORMAT 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它一直伴随着我，让我感到更勇敢。A. funnier更有趣的；B. fairer更公平的；C. cleverer更聪明的；D. braver更勇敢的。根据上文“that gave me a bst f cnfidence”以及下文“I realised that by trying smething new, I can have fun — even if it means stepping ut f my cmfrt zne.”可推知，人们的掌声给了作者信心，这使得作者感觉更勇敢，可以走出舒适区，通过尝试新事物获得乐趣。故选D。
【点睛】
三、语法填空
（2024·浙江·高考真题）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The shelves in mst supermarkets are full f family-size this and multi-buy that. Hwever, if yu’re shpping fr ne, buying extra SEQ e \* MERGEFORMAT 1 (benefit) frm price reductins desn’t make sense. Either yur shpping is then t heavy t carry hme SEQ e \* MERGEFORMAT 2 yu can’t use what yu’ve bught while it’s still fresh.
Of curse, shps are nt charities — they price gds in the way SEQ e \* MERGEFORMAT 3 will make them the mst mney. If mst f their custmers are happy t buy larger quantities, that’s SEQ e \* MERGEFORMAT 4 they’ll prmte. But that leaves the sl (单独) custmers ut f pcket and disappinted.
Many supermarkets are n lnger ding “buy ne get ne free” prmtins because f the SEQ e \* MERGEFORMAT 5 (criticize) that they lead t waste. Cnsumers prefer mney ff individual items. Hwever, thugh it’s nice t get a few cents ff a pack f sausages, it wuld help even mre if they culd smetimes SEQ e \* MERGEFORMAT 6 (ffer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan desn’t want t eat them every day.
If yur supermarket sells lse prduce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last tw years, sme supermarkets SEQ e \* MERGEFORMAT 7 (start) selling chicken r salad in packs SEQ e \* MERGEFORMAT 8 (design) with tw halves cntaining separate prtins (份). Then, when yu use ne sectin, SEQ e \* MERGEFORMAT 9 ther stays fresh.
Wh knws, perhaps sme f the mre frward-lking SEQ e \* MERGEFORMAT 10 (ne) may yet cme ut with a whle range f “just fr yu” pack sizes with special ffers as well.
【答案】
SEQ f \* MERGEFORMAT 1．t benefit SEQ f \* MERGEFORMAT 2．r SEQ f \* MERGEFORMAT 3．that/which SEQ f \* MERGEFORMAT 4．what SEQ f \* MERGEFORMAT 5．criticism SEQ f \* MERGEFORMAT 6．be ffered SEQ f \* MERGEFORMAT 7．have started SEQ f \* MERGEFORMAT 8．designed SEQ f \* MERGEFORMAT 9．the SEQ f \* MERGEFORMAT 10．nes
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章对商家各式各样的促销手段进行了介绍。
SEQ g \* MERGEFORMAT 1．考查动词不定式。句意：然而，如果你是想买一件，那么多买一件来享受降价是没有意义的。根据“buying extra”和“frm price reductins”可知，此处是指多买一件来享受降价，所以应用t d不定式作目的状语。故填t benefit。
SEQ g \* MERGEFORMAT 2．考查固定句式。句意：要么你买的东西太重，搬不回家，要么你买的东西还新鲜，就不能用了。意为“要么……要么……”，为固定句式，所以此处应用连词r。故填r。
SEQ g \* MERGEFORMAT 3．考查定语从句。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为way，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
SEQ g \* MERGEFORMAT 4．考查名词性从句。句意：如果他们的大多数客户都乐意大量购买，那他们就会推广。在表语从句中缺少宾语，且是指事物，所以应用连接代词what。故填what。
SEQ g \* MERGEFORMAT 5．考查名词。句意：许多超市不再进行“买一送一”的促销活动，因为有人批评这种活动会造成浪费。根据“that they lead t waste”可知，此处应用名词criticism表示“批评”作宾语。故填criticism。
SEQ g \* MERGEFORMAT 6．考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：然而，虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事，但如果有时能以小包装出售，那就更好了。动词ffer意为“提供”，和主语构成被动关系，主语they代指前文中的sausages。在情态动词culd后动词应用原形。故填be ffered。
SEQ g \* MERGEFORMAT 7．考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。根据“Over the last tw years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。
SEQ g \* MERGEFORMAT 8．考查过去分词。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。动词design意为“设计”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语packs构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填designed。
SEQ g \* MERGEFORMAT 9．考查冠词。句意：然后，当你使用其中一部分时，另一部分保持新鲜。the ther意为“另一个”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用定冠词the。故填the。
SEQ g \* MERGEFORMAT 10．考查代词。句意：谁知道呢，也许一些更有远见的人可能还会推出一系列“只为你”的包装尺寸，并提供特别优惠。代词ne意为“一个人”，在sme f后应用复数形式。故填nes。