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【01-暑假复习】专题05 定语从句攻坚方案 (关系词选择与结构拆解秘籍) (学生版)-2025年新高一英语暑假衔接讲练 (人教版)
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这是一份【01-暑假复习】专题05 定语从句攻坚方案 (关系词选择与结构拆解秘籍) (学生版)-2025年新高一英语暑假衔接讲练 (人教版),共13页。试卷主要包含了定语从句的基本概念,选词填空,完成句子,语法填空等内容,欢迎下载使用。
内容导航
思维导图: 图文结合,知识整合
考点聚焦:核心考点,有的放矢
重点速记:知识点和重难点梳理,查漏补缺
牛刀小试:知识点和关键点训练,能力提升
高频考点:模拟新题+提升专练,全面突破
思维导图
定语从句思维导图
考点聚焦
重点速记
考点(一)定语从句精讲
一、定语从句的基本概念
(一)定义:
1、定语从句: 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句,相当于形容词的作用,故又称形容词性从句。
2、先行词:先行词被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
3、关系词:
引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。
4、关系词的作用:
关系词代替先行词,在从句中充当一定的成分。
(1)代替作用(2)引导作用(3)充当成分作用。
5、引导定语从句的词有:
关系代词that, which, wh ,whm, whse, as
关系副词when, where, why
(二)结构:
先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句
eg:The girl wh is standing there is my sister.
(先行词:the girl;关系词:wh;定语从句:is standing there)
考点(二)定语从句关系代词考点梳理
考点(一)关系代词that的特殊用法
辨析:that 和 which
1、只能用 that 的情况:
(1)先行词为不定代词(all, everything, nthing, smething 等)
All that he said is true.
(2) 先行词被序数词、最高级或 the nly, the very, the same 等修饰:
This is the first bk that I read this year.
He is the nly persn that can help yu.
(3) 先行词同时含有人和物:
We talked abut the things and persns that we remembered.
当先行词是all, everything, anything, nthing, everybdy, nbdy, much, little, any
等不定代词,或被n, little, all等修饰时。
This is all that I knw. 这就是我所知道的全部内容了。
(5)当先行词有the nly, the very, the same修饰时。
Yu are the very by that I want. 你正是我想要的那个男孩。
(6)当主句是以wh或which开头的特殊疑问句时。
Wh was the girl that came here last night? 昨晚来这的那个女孩是谁?
2、不用that的情况
(1)引导非限定性定语从句时。
The tree, which is fur hundred years ld, is very famus here.那棵有四百年树龄的树在这里很有名。
(2)介词后不能用。
We depend n the land frm which we get ur fd. 我们依赖土地获得食物
3、用wh而不用that的情况
(1)主句是there be句型,且先行词是人时;
(2)先行词是人称代词he/she/thse...,或者不定代词anyne,smene,everyne,
smebdy, anybdy, ne,nes等词时;
(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时;
(4)当先行词是 peple 或是表示人的集体名词时。
4、只能用 which 的情况:
a:引导非限制性定语从句(从句用逗号隔开,不能省略):
The huse, which was built in 1900, is very ld.
b:关系代词前有介词(介词 + which 结构):
This is the rm in which Lu Xun nce lived.
5、辨析:Wh和 whm
whm 是 wh 的宾格,在从句中作宾语时可用 wh 代替,但介词后必须用 whm:
The persn t whm yu spke is my father. (不可用 wh)
考点(三)定语从句关系副词考点梳理
考点(二)关系副词的用法
1、关系副词:when where why
关系副词在引导定语从句时,其功能相当于介词短语,在句中作状语。
when, where, why在定语从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。
2、总结关系副词的作用:
指代表示时间、地点、原因的先行词;连接主句和从句;在从句中充当句子成分—状语
知识拓展
(1)当先行词为situatin,case, stage, pint...,且关系词在定语从句中作状语时,要用关系副词where引导。eg:They have reached the pint where they have t separate with each ther.
(2)先行词是表示时间的名词, time, hur, day, year, mment, ccasin 时刻,age年代,perid阶段,
stage时期,interval 间隙等词 且关系词在定语从句中作状语时,也要用关系副词when引导
I still remember the day when I first went t the Great Wall.
I’ll never frget the days (which/ that) we spent in the small village.
注意:若时间名词后面的定语从句的引导词在从句中作主语或宾语,则改用which或that引导。
不能看到先行词是时间,就填when,注意分析句子成分。
辨析:关系代词和关系副词
判断依据:先行词在从句中作什么成分
(1) 从句缺少主、宾、定-----关系代词
(2) 从句缺状语--------关系副词
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
当先行词是人时,用介词 + whm 引导定语从句:
当先行词是物时,用介词 + which引导定语从句:
当关系词在从句中作定语时,用介词+whse引导定语从句:
名/代/数词/形容词最高级 + 介词 + 关系词
在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,关系代词只能用which或whm。
先行词指物时,用which;先行词指人时,用whm。
介词的使用原则是:
(1)根据从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯
n which I spent 10 yuan.
This is the bk 这就是我花10元钱买的书。
fr which I paid 10 yuan.
(2)根据先行词的搭配习惯
I still remember the day n which I first came t this schl.
(3)表“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时,用f
The ld wman has tw sns, bth f whm are dctrs.
考点(四)限制性定语从句考点梳理
1、限制性和非限制性定语从句
定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。限制性定语从句的先行词只能是一个名词或代词,而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词,也可以是一句话。
This is the huse which we bught last mnth. (限制性)
The huse, which we bught last mnth, is very nice.(非限制性)
2、重点关注:在非限制性定语从句中需要注意的问题:
(1)关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
(2)关系代词代词不能省略。eg:I want t buy a dictinary, which is valuable t my learning.(which不能省略)
(3)Which引导非限制性定语从句时,先行词可以是一个词语也可以是个句子。
eg:He was late again, which made the teacher very unhappy.
3、as和which引导定语从句的区别
(1)在限制性定语从句中,which指代先行词是物的名词或代词;而as指代先行词是物或人的词,
且先行词前一般有as, s, such, the same等限定语。
She is s nice a girl as we all like.
(2)在非限制性定语从句中,定语从句修饰说明的是整个主句的内容时,as引导的定语从句可以放在
主句之前、之中或之后;which引导的从句一般只之于主句之后。
As we knw, smking is harmful t ne's health.
= Smking, as we knw, is harmful t ne's health.
= Smking is harmful t ne's health, as we knw.
(3)定语从句修饰说明的是整个主句的内容时,which引导的从句在意义上与主句近乎并列关系,
可用and this/ that来代替;as主要连接上下文,表达说话人的看法、观点,指出主句内容的出处
或根据等,译为“正如……”。
As is annunced in tday’s newspaper, we must imprve ur style f wrk.
4、关系副词可转换为 “介词 + 关系代词” 结构:
I still remember the day n which we met.(= when)
This is the schl in which I studied.(= where)
若先行词在从句中作主语或宾语,需用关系代词,而非关系副词:
This is the factry that/which he visited yesterday.(作宾语,用 which/that)
This is the factry where he wrked yesterday.(作状语,用 where)
考点(五)高考核心考点精讲
考点 1:关系代词与关系副词的选择
关键判断:先行词在从句中作什么成分?
作主语、宾语 → 用关系代词(wh, whm, which, that, whse)。
作状语(时间、地点、原因)→ 用关系副词(when, where, why)或 “介词 + 关系代词”
eg:I will never frget the days ______ we spent tgether.
(spent 缺宾语,用关系代词 which/that,可省略)
I will never frget the days ______ we wrked tgether.
(wrked 不缺宾语,缺时间状语,用 when 或 n which)
考点 2:介词 + 关系代词
用法规则:
(1)介词的选择依据:
从句中动词与介词的固定搭配:
This is the pen with which I wrte the letter.(write with)
(2)先行词与介词的搭配:
The desk n which there is a bk is mine.(n the desk)
(3)句子整体逻辑:
He is the man frm whm I learned the news.(learn frm)
注意事项:
介词后只能用 which(指物)或 whm(指人),不能用 that 或 wh。
固定动词短语中的介词不可提前(如 lk after, take care f 等)
The baby (whm) she is lking after is very cute.(不可说 after whm she is lking)
eg:The man ______ yu shk hands just nw is ur manager.
A. with whm B. with wh C. whm D. that
考点 3:非限制性定语从句
特点:
从句与主句用逗号隔开,不能用 that 引导。
从句不可省略,否则影响主句完整意义。
关系代词 which 可指代整个主句内容,译为 “这一点”:
He was late again, which made the teacher angry.(which 指代 “他再次迟到” 这件事)
eg:The bk, ______ I bught yesterday, is very interesting.
A. that B. which C. wh D. whm
考点 4:whse 的用法(重点)
功能:whse 作定语,修饰名词,相当于 “先行词的所有格”,可指人或物。
指物时,可转换为 “the + 名词 + f which” 或 “f which + the + 名词”:
The huse whse rf is brken = The huse the rf f which is brken = The huse f which the rf is brken.
eg:This is the scientist ______ name is knwn all ver the wrld.
A. wh B. whm C. whse D. that
考点 5:定语从句与同位语从句的区别
区别定语从句同位语从句
功能修饰先行词(形容词性)解释说明名词(名词性)
引导词关系词(在从句中作成分)连接词(that/whether/ 疑问词,不作成分)
先行词可为具体名词或代词多为抽象名词(idea, fact, news 等)
引导词 that作主语 / 宾语(可省略宾语)仅起连接作用,不可省略
eg:The news that he tld me is true.(定语从句,that 作宾语,可省略)
The news that he wn the game is true.(同位语从句,that 不作成分,不可省略)
考点 6:主谓一致与时态
定语从句中谓语动词的单复数与先行词一致:
先行词为单数 → 谓语单数:He is the nly ne f the students wh has wn the prize.
先行词为复数 → 谓语复数:He is ne f the students wh have wn the prize.
从句时态与主句无关,需根据语境判断:
I met a man yesterday wh used t be my teacher.(从句用过去式)
(四)高考易错点提醒
1、忽略先行词在从句中的成分:
误:This is the place where we visited last year.(visited 缺宾语,应改为 which/that)
2、介词搭配错误:
误:The persn wh yu talked is my friend.(talk 后缺介词 t,改为 t whm)
混淆 whse 与 it 的所有格:
误:The classrm its dr is brken is n the secnd flr.(应改为 whse dr)
(五)判断定语从句的三大关键特征
1. 结构特征:从句紧跟先行词后,由关系词引导
先行词:必须是名词或代词(如人、物、地点、时间等),有时先行词可省略(如 “the persn I met” 中省略了关系代词 “whm”)。
关系词:必须存在(有时可省略,见下文),位于先行词和从句之间,连接主句和从句。
2. 逻辑特征:从句与先行词存在 “修饰” 关系
定语从句与先行词之间需存在逻辑上的修饰关系,即从句是对先行词的 “限定” 或 “描述”。
3. 成分特征:从句中缺少成分,关系词充当从句的成分
定语从句是一个不完整的句子,关系词在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或状语。
(1)作主语:The by wh brke the windw is srry.
(从句缺少主语,wh 充当主语。)
(2)作宾语:The letter that I received was frm my friend.
(从句缺少宾语,that 充当宾语,可省略为 “The letter I received...”。)
(3)作状语:This is the rm where we lived last year.
(从句缺少地点状语,where=in which,充当状语。)
考点(六)定语从句模拟精炼
一、单项选择
1.(24-25高一上·安徽芜湖·开学考试)We are living in an infrmatin age ________ many things can be dne n the Internet.
A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which
2.(24-25高一下·广东深圳·期中)The Dragn Bat Festival, ______ features dragn bat races, is celebrated in memry f Qu Yuan.
A.whereB.whenC.whichD.wh
3.(24-25高一下·天津·期中)We may cme acrss ccasins ______ we want t search fr sme infrmatin but it isn’t available nline.
A.thatB.whichC.whenD.what
4.(24-25高一下·广东深圳·期中)________ is reprted in the news, Harrisn has been arrested, wh is said ________ his neighbur.
A.Which; had harmedB.What; t have harmed
C.As; t have harmedD.As; t be harmed
5.(25-26高一上·全国·课后作业)The museum____________ we visited last week has a famus cllectin f ancient paintings.
A.whB.whichC.whereD.when
6.(24-25高二下·江苏苏州·阶段练习)________ vast distances and an astnishing variety f landscapes, the Silk Rad was a netwrk f ancient trade rutes ________ extended frm East Asia all the way t the Mediterranean.
A.T cver, whereB.Cvering, thatC.Cvered, whichD.Having cvered, where
7.(24-25高一下·黑龙江哈尔滨·阶段练习)—Is that the small cmpany yu ften refer t?
—Right, just the ne________ yu knw my father used t wrk fr 10 years.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.as
8.(24-25高一下·吉林长春·阶段练习)After Bethune’s death, Chairman Ma Zedng wrte an article in memry f him, ______ he praised Dr. Bethune as a her ______ in China.
A.where; being rememberedB.in which; t be remembered
C.fr which; rememberedD.when; t remember
9.(24-25高一下·黑龙江大庆·开学考试)I still remember the huse ________ my mther and I used t stay in that evening.
A.whereB.whyC.in whichD.which
10.(24-25高一下·北京·阶段练习)It’s ne f the mst interesting stries ________ I have ever read.
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whse
二、选词填空
(23-24高一上·全国·课后作业)选词填空
11.Is there anything else (which/that) yu require?
12.The first place (which/that) we visited in China was the Great Wall.
13.He talked happily abut the men and bks (which/that) interested him greatly.
14.Which is the clck (which/that) was made in France in the 18th century?
15.I’ve read all the bks (which/that) were brrwed frm the library.
16.The way in (that/which) he explained the sentence t us was nt difficult t understand.
17.The Pursuit f Happyness is the mst mving film (that/which) I have ever seen.
18.The prize was awarded t thse (that/wh) have made great cntributins t scientific develpment.
三、完成句子
19.(24-25高一下·广东广州·期中)若你留心观察,便会惊讶地发现,广州是一座历史与现代文化交融的城市。(定语从句)
, yu will that Guangzhu is a city
20.(24-25高一下·吉林松原·期中)当你遇到困难时,你会遇到其他正在面临类似挑战的人。
When yu times, yu meet thers .
21.(24-25高一下·福建福州·期中)受到启发,他让歌迷们制作视频,然后将视频合并到一个表演中。
, he asked his fans t make vides, he then jined tgether int ne perfrmance.
22.(24-25高一上·福建莆田·期末)The Bys and Girls Club he started in Chicag has been yung peple since 1996.
他在芝加哥所创建的“男孩女孩俱乐部”从1996年至今一直在帮助年轻人。
23.(24-25高一下·广东广州·阶段练习)在毕业典礼上,校长发表了演讲,在演讲中他祝贺毕业生们取得来之不易的成就。
At the graduatin ceremny, the university president gave a speech their hard-earned achievements.(用定语从句)
四、语法填空
(20-21高一上·全国·单元测试)语法填空
There are mments in life 24 yu miss sme peple s much that yu just want t pick them frm yur dreams and hug them fr real! When ne dr f happiness clses, 25 pens, but ften we lk s lng at the clsed dr that we dn't see the ne which 26 (pen) fr us. Dn't g fr lks; they can deceive (欺骗). Dn't g fr wealth; even that fades away. G fr smene 27 makes yu smile because it takes nly a smile t make a dark day seem bright. Dream what yu want 28 (dream); g where yu want t g; be what yu want t be. The 29 (happy) peple dn't 30 (necessary) have the best f everything; they just make the mst f everything that 31 (cme) alng their way. The brightest future will always be based n a 32 (frget) past. When yu were brn, yu were crying and everyne 33 yu was smiling. Live yur life s that when yu die, yu're the ne wh is smiling and everyne arund yu is crying.
考点(一)
定语从句精讲
考点(二)
定语从句关系代词考点梳理
考点(三)
定语从句关系副词考点梳理
考点(四)
限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句考点梳理
考点(五)
定语从句高考核心考点精讲
考点(六)
定语从句模拟精炼
关系代词
先行词
从句中成分
例句
wh
人
主语 / 宾语
The man wh helped me is my teacher.
whm
人
宾语
The girl whm yu met is my cusin. (可省略)
which
物
主语 / 宾语
The bk which is n the desk is mine.
that
人 / 物
主语 / 宾语
The car that he bught is very expensive.
whse
人 / 物
定语
This is the girl whse mther is a dctr.
关系副词
指代
在从句充当成分
相当于介词+which
例句
when
时间
时间状语
I still remember the day when I first went t the Great Wall.
where
地点
地点状语
The huse where I lived ten years ag has been pulled dwn.
why
原因
原因状语
fr which
Can yu explain the reasn why yu dn’t want t help him?
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