英语新版北师大必修一Unit 1-writing&viewing&reading核心知识点考点归纳（核心词+短语+句式+写作）

这是一份英语新版北师大必修一Unit 1-writing&viewing&reading核心知识点考点归纳（核心词+短语+句式+写作），共11页。
Unit 1-writing&viewing&reading核心考点归纳 【核心词汇短语及用法归纳】 adapt v．使适应；改编，改造 [教材原句] I hope you have adapted well to the new situation and are enjoying your new school. 我希望你能适应新的形势，喜欢你的新学校。 [归纳拓展] (1)adapt to　　　　　 适应，适合 adapt...to... 使……适应或适合…… adapt...from... 根据……改编或改写 adapt...for... 改编或改作……之用 (2)adaptable adj. 能适应的，适应性强的 adaptation n. 改编(本)，改造；适应 [典例示范] ①Chung has tried to adapt to local customs. 钟努力去适应当地的风俗习惯。 ②She adapted herself quickly to the new life. 她很快就适应了这种新生活。 ③The author is going to adapt his play for television. 作者将把他的剧本改编成电视剧。 come up with想出(计划、回答)；提出 [教材原句] The Duchess came up with a clever idea to solve this problem. 公爵夫人想出了一个聪明的办法来解决这个问题。 [归纳拓展] come up to　　走近 come up 发生；被提及(无被动式) come out 出来；出版；开花 come across (偶然)遇见；碰到 come about 发生 come to 达到；总计 [典例示范] ①When will the matter come up for discussion? 这件事什么时候提出来讨论？ ②This book is about to come out in Britain，and later in France and in Spain. 该书即将在英国出版，随后还会在法国和西班牙出版。 ③They didn't know how the change had come about. 他们不知道这个变化是怎样产生的。 [名师点津]　 come up with的主语是人或组织，with后是提出的内容； come up意为“被提出”，主语是被提出的内容，主动表被动。 cut off 切(砍)掉；切断；隔绝 [教材原句] Some city people think country life is lonely because you're cut off from the outside world. 一些城市人认为乡村生活是孤独的，因为你与外界隔绝了。 [归纳拓展] cut back on　　减少，削减，缩减 cut up 切碎，剁碎 cut across/through 抄近路穿过 cut in 插嘴 cut out 删除 [典例示范] ①She kept cutting in on our conversation. 我们谈话时她老是插嘴。 ②I would cut out the bit about working as a waitress. 我想删掉有关做女服务员的那段工作经历。 ③I usually cut through the park on my way home. 我在回家途中通常抄近路穿过公园。 entertainment n．娱乐；招待，款待 [教材原句] I love city life because it's full of opportunities for culture，education and entertainment. 我喜欢城市生活，因为它充满文化、教育和娱乐的机会。 [归纳拓展] (1)entertain vt.　　　　使娱乐，使快乐；招待 entertain sb.to sth. 用某物招待某人 entertain sb.with sth. 用某物使某人快乐 (2)entertaining adj. 有趣的；令人愉快的 [典例示范] ①Bob and Liz entertained us to dinner last night. 昨晚鲍勃和利兹设宴招待了我们。 ②The child entertained himself with his building blocks. 孩子在搭积木玩。 ③The traveller was an entertaining story teller. 这位旅客是一位有趣的说故事者。 junior adj.较年幼的；资历较浅的；地位较低的 n．年少者；晚辈；等级较低者 [教材原句] You are going to write an email to one of your junior secondary school classmates about your new school life. 你要给你的一个初中同学写一封关于你的新学校生活的电子邮件。 [归纳拓展] (1)be junior to　　　　　　比…低级；比…年少 be junior to sb.by...years＝be...years sb.'s junior＝be sb.'s junior (by...) 比某人小…岁 (2)senior adj. 资深的；(级别、地位等)较高的；年长的 be senior to 比…年长；比…高级 [典例示范] ①She is junior to him by four years. ＝She is four years his junior. ＝She is his junior by four years. 她比他小四岁。 ②He is my manager，though he is junior to me. 他是我的经理，尽管他资历比我浅。 ③My brother is senior to me by two years. 家兄比我年长两岁。 look forward to期待，盼望 [教材原句] I look forward to hearing all about what's happening with you soon. 我期待着尽快听到你发生的一切。 [归纳拓展] look about/around　环顾四周；到处看 look after 照顾 look back 回顾；回头看 look down 俯视 look down on/upon 看不起 look for 寻找 look into 调查；窥视 look out 当心，小心 look up 仰望；查阅 [典例示范] ①When all the facts have been looked up，pass them on to me. 所有事实查出后，转交给我。 ②The police are looking into the records of all those involved in the crime. 警方正在调查所有涉嫌这起犯罪的记录。 ③Looking back on it，one realizes that it was far from being a satisfactory conference. 回顾过去，人们会意识到那不是一次成功的会议。 [名师点津]　 look forward to短语中的to为介词，后面跟名词或动名词形式。 at the moment 此刻，目前，眼下 [教材原句] At the moment，we meet twice a week and we're preparing to attend a competition. 目前，我们每周见两次，我们正在准备参加一次比赛。 [归纳拓展] for the moment＝for the present　暂时 for a moment 片刻 in a moment 不久，立刻，马上 the moment＝the minute/instant 一……就…… [典例示范] ①We aren't going to make any change for the moment. 我们暂时不做任何改变。 ②I really must be getting home in a moment. 我真的必须立即回家。 ③I want to see her the moment she arrives. 她一到我就要见她。 play a．..part in 在…方面起…作用；在…中扮演…角色 [教材原句] They still play an important part in the social life in modern Britain. 它们在现代英国生活中仍然起重要作用。 [归纳拓展] (1)play a．..part in＝play a．..role in (2)play a(n)．..part/role in...的常考方向：短语中的part/role常被提前用作先行词，后接一个定语从句，play的选择为设题焦点。 [典例示范] ①In the letter，he told Mr.Obama that food would play an important part in his administration. 在这封信中，他对奥巴马说，食品问题应该在他执政中占重要地位。 ②The role of the old king he played in our school play impressed us very much. 他在我们学校演的剧中扮演的老国王角色给我们的印象很深。 presentation n．报告；陈述；说明 [教材原句] I've got a presentation tomorrow and I need to finish my slides. 明天我有一个报告，我需要完成我的幻灯片。 [归纳拓展] (1)eq \b\lc\ \rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(present sb.with sth.,present sth.to sb.)) 把某物交给/颁发给/授予某人 present sb.to sb. 把某人介绍/引荐给某人 (2)at the present time＝at present目前，现在 for the present 就现在来说，暂时 [典例示范] ①He likes to present himself as a radical politician. 他喜欢表现出一副激进政治家的样子。 ②Most fathers wish to be present at the birth of their child. 多数做父亲的都希望孩子出生时自己能在场。 ③I'm afraid I can't help you just at present.I'm too busy. 很抱歉，我现在帮不了你。我实在太忙了。 [名师点津]　 present作为形容词时，作“在场的，出席的”讲时放在被修饰词的后面； 而作为“现在的，目前的”讲时放在被修饰词的前面。 【核心句式】 [教材原句] It is believed that the custom began thousands of years ago when tea houses started cropping up along the Silk Road to provide rest for weary travellers. 人们相信，这个习俗起源于几千年前，当茶馆沿丝绸之路兴起，为疲倦的旅行者提供休息。 [归纳拓展] it is believed that...表示“据信；人们相信”。 (1)本句型中的不定式可用一般时、进行时或完成时，分别表示与谓语动词动作同时发生或在其后发生的动作或状态、与谓语动词动作同时发生的进行动作或在谓语动词动作之前发生的完成动作。 (2)类似句型： sb./sth.is believed/thought/hoped/reported to do sth. ＝It is believed/thought/hoped/reported that... 人们相信/认为/希望/据报道…… [典例示范] ①He is said to be writing another novel about the same theme. 据说他正在写另一部同一主题的小说。 ②She is said to have gone(go) abroad. 据说她已经出国了。 ③The house was reported (report) to be in excellent condition. 报告说明这房子的状况极佳。 [教材原句] In the 18th and 19th centuries，most English people ate only two main meals each day－breakfast in the morning and a large supper which usually wasn't served until seven o'clock in the evening. 在18世纪和19世纪，大部分英国人每天吃两顿饭，早晨的早餐和直到晚上七点才吃的晚饭。 [归纳拓展] not...until结构中，until引导了时间状语从句，表示“直到……才”。 (1)引导时间状语从句，如果主句的谓语动词是延续性的，那么这个主句需用肯定式； 若主句的谓语动词是非延续性的，则主句常用否定式，构成not...until结构。 (2)在not...until句型结构中，可以把not until提到句首，句子用倒装语序。 (3)not...until...句型的强调句式为：It is/was not until...that...。 [典例示范] ①He didn't come home until midnight. 他直到半夜才回家。 ②Not until I have fulfilled my task shall I be able to go to the movies. 直到完成任务时我才能去看电影。 [教材原句] If anything，people are more likely to be lonely in a big city. 如果有的话，在大城市里人们更容易孤独。 [归纳拓展] if anything是状语从句的省略，完整的句子是：If there is anything。 (1)当状语从句的主语是it，且谓语动词是be时，it和be要完全简化掉。 (2)主句和从句的主语一致，从句主要动词是be的某种形式。从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。 [典例示范] ①If (it is)possible，he will help you out of the difficulty. 如果可能的话，他会帮你摆脱困境。 ②As (he was)young，he learned how to ride a bike. 他小时候就学会了骑自行车。 ③Although doing(do)his best in maths these days，he has still got no good marks. 尽管近来他一直在学数学，但他仍然没有取得好成绩。 【写作指导--电子邮件】 [文体] 英文电子邮件和书信的写法大致相同，但略有差异。一般说来英文电子邮件包括以下五个部分： 1．标题栏 一般写在左上角，包括发件人姓名、邮箱地址、发件日期、收件人姓名、邮箱地址以及邮件主题。 排列格式为： FROM：发件人姓名、邮箱地址 DATE：发件日期 TO：收件人姓名、邮箱地址 SUBJECT：简明扼要地介绍信的内容。通常是单词、短语，偶尔用句子。 2．称呼 位于正文的开头。如何称呼，要看发件人与收件人的关系而定。若是同学、朋友，可以直呼其名；若是长辈或上级，要在姓氏前加上Mr，Miss，Mrs，Dr，Professor等表示称谓的词。 3．正文 正文要简洁明了。简单问候之后，就要开门见山地说明写信的目的。这部分内容的写作相对自由，但对于电子邮件的回复，须紧扣“回复”这一字眼，要“问有所答，疑有所解”。在高考中，要按照试题要求的内容来写，最重要的是表达要清楚、有条理，语言要准确、流畅。 4．信尾客套话 结尾的客套话通常很简洁，如Yours，Thanks等，一般写在左下角。 5．签名 一般写在左下角，有时也写在右下角。 [句式] 常见的开头方式： 表示高兴：I was so glad/pleased/happy to receive your e­mail dated May 1st. 表示感谢：Thank you for your wonderful gift/interesting e­mail. 表示关心与询问：How are you these days? /How are you getting on these days? /How are you getting on with your work/studies? 表示抱歉：I am sorry that I did not reply soon but I have been very busy these days. 表示遗憾：I was sorry to learn that you did not do well in the examination./I am so upset to hear that you are ill these days. 常用的结束语有： I am looking forward to hearing from you soon. Please give my regards to your family. Take good care of you and keep in touch. [典例] 假如你是李华，你在新学校学习已两个多月，请根据下列提示，用英语给你的朋友Jane写封电子邮件，谈一谈你的高中生活。 1．介绍你的学校和班级； 2．你的作息时间； 3．你的同学； 4．你最喜欢的老师。 注意：可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Jane， I've been at Senior High School for more than two months.I'm writing down my thoughts about my new school life. My new school is a well­known school with a long history.There are 50 classes，more than 300 teachers and over 3,500 students in my school.The classrooms are amazing.Every room has a computer with a special screen，almost as big as a cinema screen.And there are sixty students in my class，who are all hard­working.I'm getting on very well with my classmates.My favorite teacher is a very enthusiastic woman called Ms Wang，whose way of teaching is nothing like that of my previous teachers.She usually tells us something in an interesting way.I don't think I will be bored in her class. We usually get up at 6：30 and our class starts at 8：00.I always take part in colorful after­class activities and we go to bed at ten. Bye for now! Li Hua