高中英语北师大版 (2019)必修 第一册Lesson 1 The Underdog优秀学案设计

这是一份高中英语北师大版 (2019)必修 第一册Lesson 1 The Underdog优秀学案设计，共11页。学案主要包含了核心句式，语法归纳等内容，欢迎下载使用。
balanced adj.均衡的；平衡的
[教材原句]
a healthy and balanced diet
有一个健康均衡的饮食
[归纳拓展]
(1)balanced diet 均衡饮食
(2)balance n.平衡；天平 vt.权衡；(使) 平衡
keep ne's balance 保持平衡
lse ne's balance 失去平衡
n balance 总的来说
[典例示范]
①Jane lst her balance n the slipping grund and fell ver.
地上很滑，简一下子失去了平衡，跌倒了。
②On balance，we have a gd chance f winning the race.
总的来说，我们很有希望赢得比赛。
③The president is planning fr a balanced budget.
总裁正在为平衡预算作策划。

crwd n．人群；群众
[教材原句]
He made sht after sht，and the crwd culdn't stp clapping and cheering.
他一个接一个的投篮，人群忍不住鼓掌欢呼。
[归纳拓展]
(1)a crwd f 一群，一伙
(2)crwd v. 挤满；涌入
crwd in 挤进
crwd ut 挤出；推开
(3)crwded adj. 拥挤的
be crwded with 挤满了……
[典例示范]
①I was nearly pushed ver by a crwd f children.
我差点被一群孩子们推倒。
②Many ftball fans crwded in when the gate was pened.
大门打开后，许多足球迷都涌了进来。
③Shps were crwded with custmers lking ver the clurful displays.
商店里挤满了在观看陈列的丰富多采商品的顾客。

desire n．愿望，欲望，渴望 v．渴望，期望
[教材原句]
Everyne knew Paul had real skills，and was smene wh wrked really hard and had a strng desire t play fr the team.
每个人都知道保罗有着真正的技术，他是一个非常努力的人，并且很渴望为球队打球。
[归纳拓展]
(1)a desire fr sth. 渴望得到某物
have a desire t d/that... 有……的欲望/愿望
(2)desire t d sth. 渴望做某事
desire sb.t d sth. 想让某人做某事
desire that sb.(shuld＋)动词原形 希望/要求某人做……
[典例示范]
①Even s，she impressed the wrld with her curage and strng desire t succeed.
尽管如此，她的勇气和渴望成功的强烈愿望给世人留下了深刻的印象。
②The fans f Li Yubin desired that they (shuld)watch his next mvie sn.
李幼斌的影迷非常渴望观看他的下一部影片。
③He desires me t g abrad fr further educatin.
＝He desires that I (shuld) g abrad fr further educatin.
他希望我能出国深造。

hit sb.n the shulder 打在某人肩上
[教材原句]
“Well，” said the Cach as he hit Paul n the shulder，“yu've just earned yur place n the team，big guy！”
“好，”教练一边拍了下保罗的肩膀一边说，“你为自己赢得了在球队中的地位，‘大个子’！”
[归纳拓展]
“hit/beat/strike/pat/tuch＋ sb.＋ n/in ＋ the ＋身体部位”这样的结构其中的定冠词不可用物主代词代替，如果打在坚硬结实的部位如head，shulder，back等，前面常用介词n；如果打在柔软多肉的部位如leg，eye，face等，前面常用介词in。
[典例示范]
①As I turned arund，I accidentally hit him in the face.
我转身时不经意撞了他的脸。
②The stne struck me n the side f the head.
石子打中了我头部的侧面。

keep up with 跟上，保持同步
[教材原句]
The ther team just culdn't keep up with his energy and speed.
另一支球队无法跟上他的精力和速度。
[归纳拓展]
keep at sth. 坚持做某事
keep sb.frm ding sth. 阻止某人做某事
keep back 忍住，隐瞒；抑制
keep ff 避开，防止，挡住
keep ut f 使不进入……
keep up 保持，继续
[典例示范]
①He kept at the jb until finished.
他坚持把工作干完。
②The rain kept us frm ging ut.
下雨使我们没法出去。
③She culdn't keep back her tears.
她忍不住哭了。
④I hpe the fine weather will keep up.
我希望好天气会保持下去。

let sb.dwn 使失望，辜负(别人的信任或期望)
[教材原句]
I wn't let yu dwn!
我不会让你失望的。
[归纳拓展]
let alne 更不用说
let dwn 放下，降低，使失望
let g (f) 放开，松手
let ff 宽恕，免除
let ut 放掉，发出
[典例示范]
①We fear n death，let alne difficulties.
我们死都不怕，何况困难？
②Because he was a Christian，the judge let him ff.
由于他是基督徒，法官便对他从轻发落。
③When she saw him，she let ut a cry f hrrr.
她看见他时吓得大叫一声。

prefer vt.更喜欢；宁可；宁愿
[教材原句]
I prefer t play basketball rather than play ftball.
我宁愿打篮球而不愿踢足球。
[归纳拓展]
prefer sth./ding sth. 更喜欢做某事
prefer (sb.)t d sth. 宁愿(某人)做某事
prefer (ding)A t (ding)B 宁愿(做)A而不愿(做)B
prefer t d A rather than d B宁愿做A而不愿做B
[典例示范]
①I much prefer dgs t cats.
和猫比起来我更喜欢狗。
②I wuld prefer nt t g ut tday.
我今天宁愿不出去。
③I wuld prefer playing utdrs t watching(watch)TV.
我宁愿在外面玩而不愿看电视。
④He prefers t g t the mvies rather than stay at hme.
他宁愿去看电影而不愿待在家里。

pay ff 取得成功；奏效；还清(债务)；有回报
[教材原句]
And clearly，all the extra hurs that he'd spent practising alne paid ff.
很显然，他独自一人训练花的额外时间得到了回报。
[归纳拓展]
pay back 偿还，归还；报答；回报；报复
pay fr 付……的钱，受……的报应
pay up (把应支付的钱)缴清，付清
[典例示范]
①It wuld take him the rest f his life t pay ff that lan.还清
②Sandra was determined t becme a dctr and her persistence paid ff.得到回报
③Did yur daring plan pay ff? 取得成功
④All thse weeks f studying will pay ff when yu take the exam.
所有那几周的学习都会在考试的时候见成效。
⑤Yu'll have t pay ff yur ld lan befre being allwed a new ne.
你必须还清旧债，才能重新贷款。
⑥If yu dn't wrk nw，yu'll pay fr it later when yu fail yur exams.
你现在不好好学，到考试不及格时就得为此而付出代价。

rather than 而不是
[教材原句]
I prefer t play basketball rather than play ftball.
我宁愿打篮球而不愿踢足球。
[归纳拓展]
(1)常用句型
eq \b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\c1(prefer t d sth.rather than d sth.,wuld d sth.rather than d sth.,wuld rather d sth.than d sth.))宁愿做……而,不愿做…
(2)rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的词在人称和数上保持一致。
[典例示范]
①If yu are ne f them，I wuld say the nly way t change things is by ding rather than cmplaining.
如果你是他们中的一员，我想说改变事情的唯一方式是做，而不是抱怨。
②She preferred t stay at hme rather than g shpping with him.
她宁愿待在家里，而不愿与他去购物。
③Mary，rather than yu，is t blame fr nt finishing the wrk n time.
是玛丽而不是你应为没有按时完成工作而受责备。

replacement n．替换的人/物
[教材原句]
He was still usually n the bench，being just a replacement，which was really tugh n him.
然而，他仍旧通常“坐板凳”作为替补队员，这让他感到很痛苦。
[归纳拓展]
replace vt. 取代；替换
以……代替/替换
[典例示范]
①I am ging t replace my battered car with a new ne.
我打算买辆新车来取代我那辆破车。
②We need a replacement fr the secretary wh left.
我们需要一个人代替已离职的秘书。
[名师点津]
表示“代替”的短语还有：in place f＝in ne's place；take the place f＝take ne's place。

try ut fr sth.参加选拔；争取成为(团队的一员)
[教材原句]
Paul had t try ut many times just fr making the team.
保罗多次参加选拔，想要入选球队。
[归纳拓展]
try ut 试用，试验
try fr 试图获得或赢得某物
try sth.n 试穿衣物
try ne's best 尽力
try ne's luck 试试运气
[典例示范]
①Alisn's trying fr a jb as a research assistant.
阿莉森正在争取一份研究助理的工作。
②We shuld try ur best t attend n ur parents，and make them happy in their later years.
我们应当尽力照顾好我们的父母并使他们晚年幸福。
③It began when a teacher suggested I try ut fr the basketball team.
这件事始于当一位老师建议我参加篮球队员的选拔的时候。
【核心句式】
[教材原句]
I dn't think I can play anymre，Cach.
教练，我认为我不能再打了。
[归纳拓展]
本句中I dn't think是否定前置，是指如果带有否定的宾语从句，宾语从句中的否定词通常提前，用来否定主句的谓语动词。
(1)当主句谓语动词是think，believe，feel，guess，expect，suppse，imagine等表示“观点、信念、推测、臆测”等心理活动时，常常使用这种结构。
(2)这种结构的反义疑问句主语和谓语动词必须与宾语从句中的主语和谓语动词保持一致。 [典例示范]
①I dn't think he is a gd swimmer，is he?
我认为他不是个好的游泳选手，难道不是吗？
②I dn't think yu are right.
我想你不对。
[名师点津]
(1)当主语为第一人称I，we时，通常反问的是从句；
而当主语不是第一人称时，则反问主句。
(2)若谓语动词为hpe，宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。

[教材原句]
Paul knew that being shrter than ther players meant that he had t practise mre.
保罗知道自己比其他球员矮意味着他需要多加练习。
[归纳拓展]
本句that引导宾语从句，在宾语从句中being shrter than ther players作主语。
(1)动名词直接位于句首作主语。
(2)用 it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。
动名词作主语时，不太常用 it 作先行主语，多见于某些形容词及名词之后。
常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有：better，wnderful，enjyable，interesting，flish，difficult，useless，senseless，wrthwhile等。
[典例示范]
①Reading alud is very imprtant fr us t learn a freign language.
大声朗读对我们学一门外语非常重要。
②It was a waste f time reading that bk.
读那本书是浪费时间。
【语法归纳】
[教材原句]
1.When we weren't playing n the curt which was next t ur building，we were watching a game n TV.
2.Paul's favurite player was Tyrne Bgues，a guy wh played fr the Charltte Hrnets.
3.Paul didn't knw he'd sn get the chance that he'd been waiting fr.
4.They were playing against The Bears，a team whse recrd was perfect.
[现象解析]
句子中which，wh，that和whse是关系代词，引导定语从句，关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
[归纳拓展]
一、常见关系代词的基本用法
1．which
指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语。
The bk which/that was n the desk was bught by my father.(主语)
在桌子上的那本书是我父亲买的。
2．that
可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。指人时，相当于wh或whm；指物时，相当于 which。不能引导非限制性定语从句；不可置于介词后作宾语。
3．wh，whm，whse
(1)wh主格，在从句中作主语，只可指人。
(2)whm宾格，在从句中只能作宾语；只可指人。
(3)whse表所属关系，在从句中作定语。译为某人的，某物的。
(4)whse＋n.＝the＋n.＋ f which(某物的)＝the＋n.＋f whm(某人的)。
二、只能用that，不能用 which的情况
1．先行词被序数词、形容词最高级、the nly，the very，the last等修饰时，关系代词通常只用that，不用 which。
The first English nvel that I read was Cities.
我读的第一本英文小说是《城市》。
This is ne f the mst exciting ftball games that I have ever seen.
这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。
This is the nly thing that we can d nw.
这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。
2．先行词是 all，smething，everything，anything，nthing，little，much，few等不定代词或先行词被all，any，every，n，little，much，sme等词修饰。
All the peple that cme frm the cuntry wrk much harder.
所有来自农村的人工作都更努力得多。
3．句中其他位置已出现 which，为避免重复，不用 which而用that引导限定性定语从句。
Which is the car that has vertaken us?
超过我们的是哪辆车？
4．先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词只用that，不用 which。
The scientist and his achievements that yu tld me abut are admired by us all.
我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。
The freign visitrs spke highly f the pineers and their perfrmances that they saw at the Children's Palace.
外国游客高度赞扬了他们在少年宫所看到的少先队员以及他们的表演。
三、只用which，不能用that的情况
1．先行词为“thse＋表事物的复数名词”时，关系代词通常只用 which而不用that。
Students shuld keep in mind thse regulatins which restrict their behavir.
学生应牢记那些规范自己的行为准则。
A bkshp shuld deal with a variety f thse best sellers which are newly published.
书店应该经营新出版的各种畅销书。
2．在介词提前到关系代词之前形成“介词＋关系代词”结构来修饰表事物的先行词时，关系代词必须用 which。
Is this the huse in which Shakespeare was brn?
这是莎士比亚出生的房子吗？
This is the reference bk f which the teacher is speaking.
这是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。
3．当先行词指物，关系词在句中作主语或宾语，引导非限制性定语从句的关系词只能用 which，而不用that。