语法专题讲义（一） 形容词的比较等级 2025-2026学年译林版（2024）八年级英语上册

这是一份语法专题讲义（一） 形容词的比较等级 2025-2026学年译林版（2024）八年级英语上册，文件包含8A语法专题一形容词的比较等级教师版docx、8A语法专题一形容词的比较等级学生版docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共21页， 欢迎下载使用。
8A语法专题（一）——形容词的比较等级1.规则变化补充：fat -fatter -fattest；sad -sadder -saddest；red -redder -reddest；sim -simmer -simmmest2.不规则变化3.几种特殊情况部分形容词有两种比较级和最高级形式。英语中有些形容词说明形状、材质等，还有些形容词没有程度可分或其本身就表示某种程度，这些形容词都没有比较级和最高级，常见的有：square方的；golden金色的；round圆的；favourite最喜欢的（=like best）；impossible不可能的；wooden木制的；empty空的；east东方的；first最重要的；possible可能的；last最后的；final最后的；excellent最好的；wrong错误的；right正确的。“较不和最不”的表达：在形容词前分别加上less和least。如：☺hard -working -less hard -working -least hard -working（勤奋的 - 较不勤奋的 - 最不勤奋的）；☺shy -less shy -least shy（害羞的 - 较不害羞的 - 最不害羞的）。1."甲+be as十形容词原级+as+乙"表示甲乙两者程度相同2."甲+be not as/so十形容词原级+as+乙"表示"甲不如乙…·."I think maths is not so easy as PE.我认为数学没有体育容易。3.表示"甲是乙的…….时,用"甲+be+倍数十as十形容词原级+as+乙"结构(一:once;两:twice;三倍及以上:数字+times)Our school is three times as big as theirs.我们学校是他们学校的三倍大。4."half as+原级+as"表示"………的半"Tom is half as tall as his father.汤姆的身高是他爸爸的一半。5."as much/many...as"表示"前后的数量相同"John earns as much money as his brother.约翰和他弟弟挣钱一样多。6."as+原级+as+用作比喻的名词",此结构可形成许多惯用语,多用于口语He is as busy as a bee.他像蜜蜂一样忙。1.基本用法“不如…”用“less+形容词/副词原级+than”表示。比较级表示两者之间的比较，常用的句型结构有：“甲+be+形容词比较级+than+乙”，表示“甲比乙……”，than是比较级的标志词。Han Meimei's cake is bigger than Lily's.韩梅梅的蛋糕比莉莉的大。2.特殊用法（1）比较级前可加much, even, a little, a lot, a bit, far等，表示不同程度。Jack always makes us laugh. He is much funnier than his brother.杰克总是逗我们笑。他比他哥哥滑稽得多。（2）比较级前可以用表示倍数的词(词组)或“数词十名词”构成的名词短语来修饰。He is two inches taller than his father.他比他爸爸高两英寸。（3）“比较级and比较级”或“more and more原级”表示“越来越......”。The fire spread further and further with the wind blowing more and more strongly.随着风越刮越大，大火蔓延得越来越远。（4）“the+比较级..the比较级..”表示“越……(就)越……”。The more, the better.越多越好。（5）使用比较级进行对比时，应该是同类进行对比。“我的英语不如你的好”应译成“My English is poorer than yours.”，而不能译成“My English is poor than you”。因为此句中比较的对象是English，而不是you，所以要把you改成yours(=your English)。（6）形容词比较级要避免与自身进行比较。要用“比较级+than any other十单数名词”或“比较级+than anyone/anybody/anything else”来表示“比其他的任何……都……”。Lin Tao is older than any other student in the class.林涛比班上其他任何同学的年龄都大。Jack studies harder than anyone else in his class.杰克比班上其他任何人都学习刻苦。（7）①“no+比较级+than”，意为“和……一样不……”，表示对两者的否定，与“neither... nor”“as+相反意义的形容词或副词+as”相似。“not+比较级+than”，意为“并不比……更……”，not只否定前者，表示前者不如后者。Tom is no taller than Mike.(=Neither Tom nor Mike is tall. Tom is as short as Mike.)汤姆和迈克都不高(或一样矮)。Tom is not taller than Mike.汤姆没迈克高。（Mike is taller than Tom.）②后接数词，“no more than = only”，意为“仅仅”，“not more than = at the most”，意为“不超过”。No more than two people passed the exam.仅仅两个人通过了考试。(强调少)Not more than two people passed the exam.通过考试的不超过两人。(只表示不超过)（8）询问“两者之间哪一个更……”时用句型“Which/Who+谓语动词+比较级，A or B?”表示。给出具体范围的选择，指物用which，指人用who。Which is nearer to the sun, the moon or the earth?哪个离太阳更近，月球还是地球?（9）表示“两者之间较……的一个”时，常用“the十比较级”结构。He is the thinner of the two.他是两个中较瘦的那个。（10）比较级的单独使用：比较级单独使用时，其比较对象暗含于句中。Are you feeling better today?你今天感觉好一些了吗?基本用法（1）表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用最高级形式。形容词的最高级前一般加定冠词the，句末常跟一个in/of短语来表示进行比较的范围。in指同一地域或空间；of指同一类事物。Jim's box is the heaviest of all.在所有的箱子中，吉姆的箱子最重。（2）询问在三者或三者以上的人或物中“哪一个……”时，用“Which/Who is+the十形容词最高级，A，...，or C?”结构。Which is the biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth?太阳、月球和地球，哪一个最大?特殊用法（1）“one of the+形容词最高级十复数名词”表示“最……的……之一”。The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China.黄河是中国最长的河流之一。（2）形容词最高级前面可加序数词，表示“第几最……”。The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长河。（3）形容词最高级前面可以有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰，但此时不能再加定冠词the。She is my best friend.她是我最好的朋友。Yesterday is Jack's happiest day.昨天是杰克最开心的一天。（4）“否定词+比较级”可表达最高级意义。Nothing is more valuable than time. = Time is the most valuable thing. 没有比时间更珍贵的东西了。 1.原级与比较级转换的常见结构（1）not so/as+单音节形容词+as = 单音节形容词的反义词比较级+thanTom is not so/as heavy as John. = Tom is lighter than John.汤姆比约翰轻。（2）not so/as+多音节形容词+as = less+多音节形容词原级+thanTom is not so/as careful as Mary. = Tom is less careful than Mary.汤姆不如玛丽细心。2.比较级之间的转换:常改变比较对象的位置并使用形容词的反义词John is younger than Bill. = Bill is older than John.约翰比比尔年轻。3.比较级转换为最高级的常见结构（1）比较级+than any other+单数名词Zhang Lei is taller than any other student in his class. = Zhang Lei is the tallest student in his class.张雷比他班任何一位学生都高。（2）比较级+than the other+复数名词Mike is older than the other boys in his class. = Mike is the oldest boy in his class. = Mike is older than any other boy in his class.迈克比他班上其余的男生年龄都大。（3）比较级+than anyone elseMr.White is taller than anyone else in his factory. = Mr.White is the tallest in his factory.怀特先生比他工厂里其他任何一个人都高。[提分必练]一．单项选择1.[2025·黑龙江绥化] I like playing tennis. I think nothing is____than playing tennis.构成原级比较级最高级一般单音节词和部分双音节词在词尾加-er或-esthigh高的great巨大的slow慢的near附近的HigherGreaterSlowernearerHighestGreatestSlowestnearest以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以le结尾的双音节词，只在词尾加-r或-stnice好的large大的able有能力的late晚NicerLargerAblerlaterNicestLargestAblestlatest以"辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节单词，将词尾的y变为i，再加-er或-esteasy容易的busy忙的early早的happy快乐的EasierBusierEarlierhappierEasiestBusiestEarliesthappiest重读闭音节词，只有一个辅音字母结尾时，要双写该辅音字母，再加-er或-estbig大的hot热的thin细的；瘦的wet湿的BiggerHotterThinnerwetterBiggestHottestThinnestwettest多音节词和部分双音节词在原级前加more, mostcareful细心的beautiful漂亮的more carefulmore beautifulmost carefulmost beautiful原级比较级最高级good好的/well健康的；好betterbestbad坏的/badly坏/ill有病的worseworstold老的older/elderoldest/eldestmuch/many许多moremostlittle少的lessleastfar远的/地farther/furtherfarthest/furthestbitter苦的 clever聪明的 gentle温柔的 noble崇高的 narrow窄的bitterer/more bitter更苦的 cleverer/more clever更聪明的 gentler/more gentle更温柔的 nobler/more noble更崇高的 narrower/more narrow更窄的bitterest/most bitter最苦的 cleverest/most clever最聪明的 gentlest/most gentle最温柔的 noblest/most noble最崇高的 narrowest/most narrow最窄的意义示例两者比较，程度相同。"as... as"结构前可以带表示程度的状语，像quite, almost, half, twice, nearly three times等This book is almost/nearly as thick as that one. 这本书几乎同那本一样厚。His ability is not half as high as yours.他的能力不及你的一半。如果形容词修饰单数可数名词，应用“as +形容词原级+a(n)+可数名词单数形式+as”Tom is as good a person as his uncle.汤姆和他叔叔一样是好人。This is just as good an example as the other one. 这个例子和另外那个一样好。如果指同一个人或物，应译为"不但......而且......"Li Mei is as beautiful as she is clever.李梅不但漂亮而且聪明。A.enjoyableB.more enjoyableC.less enjoyable2.[2025·江西]-Look!The lake is clean. I never throw litter into it. -If everyone does this, it would be____.A.dirtierB.the dirtiestC.cleanerD. the cleanest3.[2025·四川成都]I prefer riding a bike to driving a car to work because it is____environmentally friendly.A.muchB.moreC.most4.[2025·四川达州]The____you are, the____mistakes you'll make.A. more careful; moreB.less careful; fewerC. more careful, fewer5.[2025·辽宁本溪]-I have trouble with my English. -John's English is the____in our class. You can ask him for help.A. worstB.bestC.fastestD.slowest6.[2025·湖南郴州]It's one of____things in the world to stay with our family members.A.the happiestB.happierC.happy7.[2025·辽宁丹东]Jim can carry the heavy box because he is much____than the others in his class.A.strongerB.thinnerC.smallerD.weaker8.[2025·江西]-As I know, your friend Jeff is very humorous. -Yes. He is____person I know.A.funnierB. the funniestC.more seriousD.the most serious9. My brother Bob is ______ hard - working than me, but I am ______ than him.A. most; funnierB. more; funC. more; funnier10. Li Lei is the ______ of the three boys. He always helps us.A. friendlyB. more friendlyC. most friendly11. The Qinghai Lake is ______ lake in China. It is in Qinghai Province.A. the largestB. largestC. larger12. I like playing tennis. I think nothing is ______ than playing tennis.A. enjoyableB. more enjoyableC. less enjoyable13. Many people think eating at home is ______ than eating in the restaurant.A. healthyB. healthierC. the healthiest14. —Is Julie as tall as you?—No, she isn't. She's ______ than me.A. tallB. tallerC. the tallest15. My geography teacher lives an active life. She looks ______ than she really is.A. youngB. youngerC. youngest16. The Book of Songs is the ______ collection of poems in China and the beginning of China's poetry tradition.A. earlyB. earlierC. earliest17. —Is that Tom?—No, that is Peter. Tom has ______ hair than Peter.A. longB. longerC. the longest18. Nothing is ______ than a glass of water when you are thirsty.A. nicerB. niceC. the nicest二．用括号内所给词的适当形式填空1. If you want to catch up with others, I suggest being ______(active) than before in class.2. Nothing is ______(enjoyable) than riding. I like it best.3. I have been to quite a few restaurants, but I can say this one is the ______(good).4. Mary is ______(outgoing) than anyone I know at school.5. Peter is 15 years old. He is ______(tall) than his father.6. The more trees we plant in our city, the ______(beautiful) Lanzhou will be.7. Chinese New Year is the ______(important) festival in China.8. In order to keep healthy, you should eat ______(little) fast food, more fresh vegetables.9. The more mistakes he made, the ______(mad) he got.10. Of the winters in recent years, it is said that last winter was the ______(cold).三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词1. 他和他妹妹一样兴奋。He is ______ ______ ______ his younger sister.2. 保护自己是我们必须做的最重要的事情之一。Protecting ourselves is one of ______ ______ ______ things we must do.3. 天越来越温暖了。The weather is getting ______ ______ ______.4. 我认为英语不比数学难。I think English is ______ ______ ______ maths.5. 你越是努力，进步就越大。______ ______ you try, ______ ______ your progress is.