译林版（2024）八年级上册英语 Unit8 单元语法知识点 讲义（含练习题及答案）

这是一份译林版（2024）八年级上册英语 Unit8 单元语法知识点 讲义（含练习题及答案），共9页。
译林版（2024）八年级上册英语 Unit8 单元语法知识点 讲义过去进行时我们可以用过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作。如:I was reading at 8 p.m. last night. 昨晚八点我正在读书。 What were you doing last month? 你上个月一直在做什么?过去进行时的肯定结构是由“was/were+动词-ing形式”构成,否定结构是由“was/ were + not +动词-ing形式”构成。如:The boy was cleaning the house.那个男孩在打扫房子。We were not shopping at this time yesterday. 昨天这个时侯我们没在购物。有些动词通常不用于进行时,主要有:1.表示心理状态、情感的动词,如love, hate, like, know等。2.部分连系动词,如seem、 appear 等。3.感官动词,如see, hear, smell, sound, taste等。4.短暂性动词,如decide、stop等。拓展：1. 过去进行时常用的时间状语： 1) then, at this/that time, at 9.00 last night …,when…, while, at ten o’clock yesterday 2) this morning, the whole day/morning, all day yesterday, from 8 to 10pm yesterday evening.…etc.2. 动词ing形式的构成：1) 大多数动词+ ing:think → thinking2) 以不发音e 结尾的动词去- e + ing:take → taking3) 以ie 结尾的动词,-ie + y + ing:lie → lying // tie → tying // die → dying4) 某些以“一个元音字母+ 一个辅音字母”结尾的动词, 双写辅音字母+ ing:run → running // swim → swimming // get → getting3. 句型转换：1) S主语 + was / were + verb-ing. 如：I was doing some shopping. People were running wildly.2) 否定形式：S主语 + was / were + not + doing. was not = wasn’t //were not = weren’t; 如：I was not reading. People were not running wildly. 3) 一般疑问句：将 was / were 调到主语前。结构为:Was/Were+主语+verb-ing?肯定回答：Yes, 主语+was/were. 否定回答：No, 主语+ was not/wasn’t.// were not/weren’t. 如：Was he running? Yes, he was. / No, he wasn’t.Were they running? Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t. 注意：肯定回答时主语be动词不能缩写，否定回答时be动词和not可以用完全形式也可以用缩写。4) 特殊疑问句： wh-+was/ were +主语+V-ing.特殊疑问句的问答，如：---What was the girl doing just now? ---She was running just now.---What were the boys doing just now? ---They were jumping just now.---What was the bear doing just now? ---It was skiing just now.4. 注意：1) 过去进行时的谓语动词由“be的某种形式+ 动词ing形式” 这两部分构成。这时be是助动词，没有实际意思，只起构成时态的作用。如： We having breakfast at that time. (错）We were having breakfast at that time. (正)2) 表示感觉，愿望和状态的某些动词，如：have（有），know, understand, love, like, want, hope, hear, see等一般不用进行时。3) 双写末尾一个辅音字母再加ing形式的动词（现在分词须双写的动词）有：一M一D一R加二G; 一个MM点头喜欢游泳。（swimming/nodding/preferring）;两个GG慢跑着去挖掘; (jogging/digging)四N五P加十一T;四N：开始计划跑赢了；(beginning/planning/running/winning); 五P：停止踩踏放弃拖地去购物。(stopping/stepping/dropping/mopping/shopping); 十一T：得到让坐去聊天，遗憾的是忘记放下切割，打赌设置击打！(getting/letting/sitting/chatting; regretting/forgetting/putting/cutting；betting/setting/hitting)4) 有几个瞬间动词可以用过去进行时表将来，如：begin, start, come, go, leave, arrive, return, die等。如： Mr. Wang was leaving Donghai for Beijing at this time yesterday.= Mr. Wang would leave Donghai for Beijing at this time yesterday.巩固练习：按照要求完成下列练习。( ) 1.She________ apples in her garden when I________ to see her yesterday.A. picked，went B. was picking，wentC. picked，was going D. was picking，was going( ) 2.—Why didn’t you come and open the door for me, dear?—Oh, sorry, I ________ in the kitchen. I didn’t hear you.A. cooked B. would cook C. was cooking D. am cooking ( ) 3. _______ the Blacks ________ TV at seven yesterday? A. Did; watch B. Was, watching C. Were; watching D. Do; watch( ) 4. As she _______ the newspaper, Granny ________ asleep.A. read , was falling B. was reading；fell C. was reading , was falling D. read , fell5. My brother came into the bedroom while I __________ (dance). 6. --- I called you at 4:00 yesterday afternoon, but no one answered.--- Sorry, I _____________ (swim) with my friends at that time.7. When you ____________ (knock) at the door yesterday, I _____________ (do) some washing.8. While my mother ________________ (watch) TV, I _______________ (make) a kite.9. The boy was cleaning the house.(改为否定句)The boy _______ ______ _________ the house.The boy _______ ______ the house.10. We were having breakfast at that time.(改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答) _________ you __________ breakfast at that time? _________, _________ _________. 答案：1-4：BCCB 5.was dancing;6.was swimming;7.knocked, was doing; 8.was watching, was making;9.was not cleaning；wasn’t cleaning10.Were, having; Yes, we were. when, while和as的用法when, while 和as 这三个词均有“当……时候”的意思。如:There were already many people in the meeting room when he arrived.他到场时会议室已有很多人。While Millie was watching TV, her mum was sleeping.米莉在看电视时她妈妈在睡觉。 I saw a traffic accident as I was riding to school this morning.今天早晨我骑车上学时看见一起交通事故。when和as既可以指某一点时间,也可以指某一段时间,其引导的从句中的谓语动词表示的动作既可以是瞬间性的,也可以是延续性的;while指一段时间,其引导的从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性的。指一段时间时,when, while和as都可用；指一点时间时，只能用when或as, 不能用while。试比较: When/As he woke up, it was eight o'clock. (√) While he woke up, it was eight o'clock. (x)When/While/As I was waiting for a bus, I met her. (√)当某个动作正在进行时,又发生了另一动作,我们常用过去进行时表示正在进行的长动作, 用一般过去时表示短动作, 此时when, while, as.都可以连接主从句, 构成“一般过去时+when/while/as +过去进行时”结构, 过去进行时动作成为一般过去时动作发生的“背景”。这种情况下, 连词when, while, as 既可位于句中,也可位于句首。如: It began to rain heavily when/while/as we were having dinner.我们在吃晚饭时,开始下起大雨。(have dinner为长动作) When/While/As we were reading, a stranger came in.当我们正在看书时,一个陌生人走了进来。(read为长动作)谈论两个同时进行的长动作(事件、情况),常用“过去进行时+while +过去进行时”结构。while也可位于句首。如:They were rowing boats while we were climbing the hill.当我们在爬山时他们在划船。While she was making a phone call, I was writing an email.当她在打电话时,我正在写一封电子邮件。强调某个动作正在进行时,另一个动作突然发生,常用“过去进行时+when +一般过去时”结构。如:I was walking in the street when he called me.他打电话给我时,我正走在街上。当主句、从句动作同时进行,从句动作的时间概念淡化,而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时,只能用as。此时as有“随着…”“一边……，一边……”的意思。如: As years go by, China is getting richer and stronger.随着时间一年一年过去,中国变得越来越富强了。The little girls sang as they played.小姑娘们一边玩,一边唱。巩固练习：用 “when/while/as”填空。1._________ you meet a word you don’t know, look it up in the dictionary. 2. The students took notes ________ they listened. 3.________ the wind rose, the noise increased. 4. She called __________ I was out. 5. We must strike ______ the iron is hot. 6.________you have finished your work, you may have a rest. 7. I was just reading a book ______ she came into my room.8. It began to rain heavily ______ we were having dinner. 9.______I got to the museum, the door was closed. 10. I was walking in the street ______ he called me. 答案：1.When; 2.as/when; 3.As; 4.when/as； 5.while；6.When; 7.when； 8.while；9.When; 10.when；