语法专题讲义（五） 动词不定式讲义2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级上册

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8A语法专题（五）—— 动词不定式考点速览中考早知道知识梳理特征句法功能续表巧学妙计（1）It 作形式主语的常用句型结构It + be + adj. + for/of sb. + to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是……/某人做某事是……It + be + n. + to do sth. 做某事是……It + takes(各种形式) + sb. + 时间 + to do sth. 做某事要花费某人多长时间。 （2）常见不定式作宾语的动词同意 提出 做 计划，agree offer plan要求 答应 来 帮忙。ask promise help准备 决定 遭 拒绝，prepare decide refuse敢于 选择 有 希望。dare choose wish/hope/want/expect不能做到 莫 假装，fail pretend设法做成 决心 强 。manage determine “特殊疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构不定式可以和疑问代词(who, what, which, whom 等)及疑问副词(when, how, where)连用，构成不定式短语。这种结构相当于名词，在句中充当主语、宾语、表语等成分。eg. It's important to know how to ask for help politely. 知道如何礼貌地寻求帮助很重要。 不定式符号 to 的省略(1)在感官动词和使役动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式在主动语态中省略 to。即:一感(feel);二听(listen to, hear);三让(make, let, have);四看(see, watch, look at, notice)。(2)动词 help 后用作宾语或宾语补足语的不定式可省略 to,也可不省略 to。即:help (sb.) to do sth./help (sb.) do sth. 帮助(某人)做某事。(3)介词 but, except 表示“除了……”时，若 but, except 之前有动词 do 的任何形式，则省略不定式符号 to；若无，则需保留。eg. I have no choice but to wait. 除了等待，我别无选择。此处 but 前无动词 do 的任何形式，因此需保留不定式符号 toWe have nothing to do but wait. 我们除了等待没有事可做。此处 but 前有动词 do 的不定式形式，因此需省略不定式符号 to(4)两个或两个以上的动词不定式短语并列时，通常第二个动词不定式省略 to。eg. I want to be a doctor and help sick people. 我想成为一名医生，帮助生病的人。动词不定式的特殊用法续表即学即练第一篇（语法巧练 @不定式的 ） 一、单项选择 1. Qiqi hopes ______ medicine in Sichuan University.考点题型考法动词不 定式单项选择动词不定式的选择[3年75考]：动词不定式作宾语（动词宾语、介词宾语）、状语（目的状语、原因状语）、宾语补足语、主语。语法型完形填空语篇填空动词不定式的填空[3年214考]：动词不定式作状语（目的状语、原因状语）、宾语补足语。词汇运用小题特征示例动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。John wants to buy some bread.约翰想买一些面包。动词不定式保留动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语。It’s important to know yourself,to like yourself,and to always be yourself.重要的是认识自己，喜欢自己，永远做自己。动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。To learn a language well is not an easy thing.学好一门语言不是一件容易的事。句法功能示例作主语(起名词或代词的作用)作主语的动词不定式一般表示具体的、特定的行为,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。(2)常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句末。To help students in need is our responsibility.(不定式作主语)=It is our responsibility to help students in need.(不定式作真正的主语)帮助有困难的学生是我们的职责。作宾语作动词的宾语作及物动词的宾语,若不定式后有宾语补足语,常用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语不定式后置。I decided to change my eating habits.我决定改变我的饮食习惯。I think it easy to remember words by using word cards.我认为用单词卡记单词比较容易。作介词的宾语在介词后作宾语常用“疑问词+动词不定式”结构(except,but,than等除外)。I've already had a great idea about how to do that.我已经有了一个关于如何做到那一点的好主意。It's better to give than to receive.给予永远比获得更好。作宾语补足语多数及物动词后接动词不定式作宾补建议鼓励少命令(advice,encourage,order)；允许警告教要求(allow,warn,teach,ask)；告诉邀请作宾补(tell,invite)。My teachers often encourage me to speak in front of the class.我的老师们经常鼓励我在全班面前讲话。The teacher asked us not to run in the hallways.老师要求我们不要在走廊里跑。句法功能示例作宾语补足语感官/使役动词后接不带to的动词不定式作宾补一感（feel）二.听（listen to/ hear）三让（make/let/have）四看（see/watch/look at/notice）半帮助(help)。注意:被动语态中省略的to要还原。The words of my teacher made me study harder. (主动)I was made to study harder by the words of my teacher. (被动)老师的话让我更加努力地学习。作表语常位于系动词之后,通常可以和主语进行位置互换。Her wish is to be a reporter. = To be a reporter is her wish. 她的愿望是成为一名记者。作状语作目的状语不定式作目的状语,通常意为“为了……,以便……”。To have enough energy for the classes next day,students should go to sleep early every day.为了第二天上课有足够的精力,学生们应该每天早点睡觉。作原因状语常用在glad,sorry,excited,disappointed等表示情绪的词后面。I am excited to hear that our school will have a sports meeting. 听说我们学校将举行运动会,我很兴奋。作结果状语常用于only to,enough...to...,,too...to...,,so...as to和such...as to等词组中(only to用来强调出人意料的结果,表示“结果,不料”)。If you have a dream,it's never too late to make it come true. 只要你有梦想,多久实现都不晚。I visited him only to find him out. 我去拜访他,不料他出去了。作定语:动词不定式作定语,需放在被修饰词的后面,相当于定语从句。不定式有时起修饰作用,在句中充当定语,修饰名词、代词等,位于所修饰的名词或代词之后。I have several questions to discuss with you.我有几个问题要与你讨论。如果不定式后接不及物动词,或不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作发生的地点、工具等,不定式后面就应有必要 的介词。I need some paper to write on. 我需要一些纸来写字。Be relaxed because there is nothing to worry about. 放轻松,因为没有什么好担心的。way,method等词后可用不定式作定语,也可用of doing作定语。Doing exercises is one of the best ways to improve/of improving our study. 做练习题是提升我们学习的最好方法之一。用法示例“Why don’t you+动词原形?”=“Why not +不带to的不定式?”意为“为什么不……呢?”。Why don’t you take a short break? = Why not take a short break?你为什么不短暂休息一下呢?“had better (not)+不带to的不定式”意为“最好(不要)做某事”。You had better study hard to prepare for the final exam.你最好努力学习准备期末考试。用法示例“Will you please+不带to的不定式?”意为“你能……吗?”。Will you please put your books away?你能把你的书收起来吗?prefer to do sth,rather than do sth.意为“宁愿做某事而不做某事”。I prefer to stay at home rather than go shopping.我宁愿待在家里也不愿意去购物。A. to studyB. studyingC. studies2. Science is my favorite subject, so I have prepared ______ the STEAM Club.A. joinB. joiningC. to join3. —What are you going to do this summer vacation?—I plan ______ a nearly 3 - year - old lovely panda in Chengdu.A. to seeB. sawC. see4. I think it is important ______ hard in order to have a better life.A. workB. to workC. working5. Tina's decided ______ to Rome for her holidays.A. goingB. goC. to go 二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. She hopes ______(be) a volunteer during this summer vacation.2. On my next day off, I don't want ______(go) for a drive.3. I'm not sure how ______(get) there.4. He failed ______(climb) up to the top of the mountains.5. He refused ______(hand) in his homework yesterday.6. Although the traffic was heavy, they managed ______(get) to the airport in time.7. It's important for us ______(learn) English well.8. I don't know what ______(choose) among so many clothes.9. The government has promised ______(create) more jobs for young people.10. I don't know when ______(leave) for Gansu. I can't wait for it. 三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词 1. 我保证不告诉任何人！I promise ______ ______ ______ anyone!2. 劳拉想念她的父母，并期望在火车站见到他们。Laura misses her parents and expects ______ ______ them at the train station.3. 我已经有一个关于如何使聚会成为惊喜的好主意。I already have a great idea about ______ ______ ______ the party a surprise.4. 妈妈决定给我买一辆新自行车。Mother decided ______ ______ a new bike for me.5. 他不肯离开，我们只得报警。When he refused ______ ______, we ______ ______ call the police.第二篇（语法巧练 @不定式作宾语补足语、状语 ） 一、单项选择 1. ______ our students responsible and independent, military training (军训) has become tradition in schools.A. MakingB. To makeC. Make2. Our headmaster will invite a scientist ______ us a speech on space technology.A. giveB. givenC. to give3. ______ teenagers' eyesight, experts advise them to stay away from electronic products.A. To protectB. ProtectC. Protecting4. People may use different body language ______ the same feelings.A. showB. to showC. showed5. Mike made faces to make his little brother ______.A. laughsB. to laughC. laugh 二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. He invited me ______(go) to the movies last night.2. My mother told me ______(not play) football in the street.3. We should take action to prevent the pollution ______(live) a happier life.4. The old man had problems breathing. What should we do ______(help) him?5. My English teacher often advises us ______(not take) more exercise in winter.6. We are not allowed ______(bring) mobile phones to school.7. Don't ask me ______(explain) this unless you really do not understand.8. Lily drew several circles ______(mark) some important points in the notebook. 三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词 1. 医生注意每一个细节，避免犯错。Doctors pay attention to every detail ______ ______ ______ mistakes.2. 老师要求我们按时完成作业。The teacher requires us ______ ______ ______ ______ on time.3. 她戴上太阳镜是为了保护眼睛。She puts on her sunglasses ______ ______ her eyes.4. 你说得太快了，而不能清楚地表达你自己。You speak too fast ______ ______ ______ clearly.5. 我们需要学习更多关于机器人的知识为未来做准备。We need to learn more about robots ______ ______ ______ the future.