2026版高考英语一轮总复习必备知识训练题选择性必修第四册Unit12Innovation北师大版

这是一份2026版高考英语一轮总复习必备知识训练题选择性必修第四册Unit12Innovation北师大版，共8页。试卷主要包含了 well­being n， rbit n， premier adj， finding n， missile n， tube n， circuit n， PhD n等内容，欢迎下载使用。

The human brain is a pwerful natural cmputer that has evlved ver tens f thusands f years. But what wuld yu get if yu cmbined this bilgical cmputer with a real ne?
Researchers at Indiana University Blmingtn in the US have linked human brain­like tissues t an electrnic chip, which can perfrm simple cmputer tasks.Their creatin, named Brainware, is part f a grwing field called bilgical cmputing that might ne day d better than current cmputers, accrding t Nature.
The brain­like tissues the researchers used, als knwn as brain rganids (类器官), weren't part f a living persn's brain. They were “grwn” frm human stem cells, which are capable f prducing different types f cells and frming bdy tissues. It tk tw mnths fr the stem cells t mature int an rganid.
The researchers then placed ne rganid nt an electrnic chip with thusands f electrdes (电极). Althugh rganids are much simpler and smaller than an actual brain, they act similarly t human brains, such as respnding t electrical signals, which is what ur brain des all the time. These respnses lead t changes in the brain, which fuel ur ability t learn.
T test Brainware, the researchers used it fr vice recgnitin by training it with 240 Japanese recrdings spken by eight speakers. They fund that the rganid reacted differently tward each vice. With an accuracy f 78 percent, it successfully identified the speakers by shwing different neural (神经的) activities.
What's special abut Brainware is that researchers can take advantage f the rganid's cmplexity withut understanding its cell netwrks, accrding t Daily Mail. In ther wrds, scientists dn't need t knw exactly hw the rganid wrks in rder t use it.
Accrding t the researchers' wrk published in December, cmbining rganids and electrnic chips culd increase the speed and efficiency f AI in the future. Als, such mdels can be used t study human brains, accrding t Nature. Using Brainware t mdel and study neurlgical disrders, such as Alzheimer's disease, is ne example. It culd als be used t test the effects f different treatments fr such diseases. “That's where the prmise is: using these t ne day hpefully replace animal mdels f the brain，” Arti Ahluwalia, a researcher in Italy, tld Nature.
阅读自测
1．What success did Brainware achieve in the vice recgnitin test? A
A.Distinguishing the vices between speakers. B．Understanding the cntent f the recrdings.
C．Shwing preferences fr sme f the vices. D．Crrectly matching all the speakers with their vices.
2．What des the last paragraph fcus n regarding Brainware? C
A.Its influence n AI technlgy. B．Its cntributin t animal welfare.
C．Its ptential applicatins. D．Its underlying prblems.
长难句分析
1．Their creatin, named Brainware, is part f a grwing field called bilgical cmputing that might ne day d better than current cmputers, accrding t Nature.
分析：句中named Brainware是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰Their creatin。表语中called bilgical cmputing也是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰a grwing field ，另外后面that might ne day d better than current cmputers是定语从句修饰bilgical cmputing。
2．The brain­like tissues the researchers used, als knwn as brain rganids (类器官), weren't part f a living persn's brain.
分析：句中the researchers used是定语从句，修饰tissues，als knwn as brain rganids 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰tissues。
3．What's special abut Brainware is that researchers can take advantage f the rganid's cmplexity withut understanding its cell netwrks, accrding t Daily Mail.
分析：句中What's special abut Brainware是主语从句，后面that researchers can take advantage f the rganid's cmplexity withut understanding its cell netwrks是表语从句。
(一)分类识记单词——会认
(二)分组识练短语——求实
重点单词识记
1. well­being n.健康，幸福，舒适
2. labur­saving adj.节省劳力的
3. rbit n.轨道 vi.& vt.沿轨道运行
4. premier adj.最好的；最重要的
5. finding n.研究的结果；发现
6. missile n.导弹，飞弹
7. tube n.圆管，管子；电视显像管，阴极射线管
8. circuit n.电路，线路；环形道路
9. PhD (Dctr f Philsphy)n.博士学位
10. fibre n.(木材、碳等天然材料的)纤维
11. electric adj.用电的，带电的，电动的
核心单词练通
1. garbage n.垃圾
2. device n.设备，装置；修辞手段
3. crrespnd vi.通信
4. satellite n.人造卫星；卫星
5. bilgist n.生物学家
6. millin num.百万
7. navy n.海军
8. physicist n.物理学家
9. emerge vi.出现，浮现
10. bnus n.意外收获，额外的好处；奖金；红利
11. steam n.水蒸气；蒸汽动力
12. bil vi.& vt.(使)沸腾，煮沸；(用开水)煮 n．沸腾
13. preserve vt.保存(食物)，腌制；维护，保护 n．保存；腌菜，果酱
单词拼写
1．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Riders have printed nearly 20，000 shrt stries and pems since the prgram was launched (发起、发动) last March.
2．We have decided that either yu r the headmaster is t hand ut the prizes t thse gifted (有天赋的) students at the meeting tmrrw.
3．The leader can perceive (察觉) the peple's anxiety fr the war t end.
4．In rder t achieve this gal, we will strengthen ur cperatin and make jint (联合的) effrts.
5．Jimmy vercame (克服) his difficulties t graduate and fund a gd jb in New Yrk.
6．The teachers, students and alumni had a grand (隆重的) meeting in celebratin f the 120 anniversary f ur schl.
7．It's t early t knw the utcme (结果) f her illness.
8．Accrding t bservers, the plane explded (爆炸) shrtly after take­ff.
9．If children were made t feel inferir t ther children, their cnfidence wuld decline (减弱).
拓展单词活用
1.entertain vt.给……娱乐；使快乐→ entertainment n.娱乐节目；招待→ entertaining adj.有趣的；娱乐的
2．innvate vi.& vt.革新；创新；变革→ innvatin n.新发明，新方法，新观念；革新，创新→ innvative adj.改革的；创新的
3．prduce vt.生产，制造→ prductin n.生产，产品→ prductive adj.多产的；丰饶的；富有成效的→ prduct n.产品；制品
4.clue n．线索；提示→ clueless adj.一无所知的，一窍不通的
5．evaluate vt.评估，评价→ evaluatin n.评估，评价
6．thery n．理论，学说→ theretical adj.理论的→ theretically adv.理论上
7．science n．科学→ scientific adj.科学(上)的→ scientifically adv.合乎科学地；学问上；系统地→ scientist n.科学家
8．dnate vi.& vt.捐献(器官)，献(血)；捐赠，捐献→ dnatin n.捐赠品
9．instant adj.立刻的，马上的→ instantly adv.立刻，马上
10．subsequent adj.随后的；紧接的→ subsequently adv.后来，随后
11．cnstant adj.恒久不变的；持续不断的，经常发生的n.常量，恒量→ cnstantly adv.不断地；时常地
12．efficient adj.有效率的，高效能的→ efficiently adv.有效率地，高效能地→ efficiency n.效率
13．prpse vt.提出(某观点、方法等)→ prpsal n.建议，提议
14．imprve vi.& vt.提高，改善→ imprvement n.改善，改进；改进之处
15．available adj.可以利用的→ availability n.可能性
16．sail vi.& vt.航行→ sailr n.水手，海员
17．regulate vt.控制，管理→ regulatin n.规章，规则→ regular adj.规则的；有规律的→ irregular adj.不整齐的；不规则的
18．illustrate vt.说明，阐明；给(书籍、文章等)加插图→ illustratin n.插图；说明
19．mechanic adj.机械的→ mechanically adv.机械地
20．specific adj.特定的，专门的→ specifically adv.特定地，专门地
21．accurate adj.正确的，准确的→ accurately adv.准确地→ accuracy n.准确性；精准度；正确，准确
词形转换
1．Babies and children are cnstantly (cnstant) discvering the wrld arund them.
2．At the initial stage f innvatin (innvate) nt everyne is in favr f it, but nw it prves right.
3．The illustratins (illustrate) shw strange beasts with bdies like bears and heads like tigers.
4.Tell yur dctr with the accuracy f the symptm s that he can give yu the accurate treatment.If yu are nt treated accurately ， yu'll be in danger.(accurate)
5．Our activities shuld be regulated by the regulatin .And we shuld d things thrugh regular channels.S thse irregular activities must be crrected.(regulate)
6．With the imprvement (imprve) f the living standards, mre and mre peple, especially children, are suffering frm besity.
7．He prpsed we (shuld) hld a party t welcme the new year and his prpsal went thrugh.(prpse)
8．The children in the muntain village have n entertainment ， s their teachers ften tell entertaining stries t entertain them after class.(entertain)
9．The medicine the factry prduced had many side effects, which prved that the prduct was harmful.Therefre, the factry stpped its prductin .(prduct)
10．Midterm examinatin is an evaluatin f the basic capabilities, s yu must take the exam t evaluate yur learning perfrmance.(evaluate)
11．I want t be a scientist t make a scientific breakthrugh t save peple's lives.(science)
12．We dnate fund t the schl every year.The dnatin is given t thse wh perfrm best in exams.(dnate)
13．Dn't expect instant success.Yu must make a plan instantly and stick t it every day.(instant)
14．There is n dubt that using energy efficiently (efficient) reduces the release f greenhuse gases.
第一组
1. adapt t 适应
2. in spite f 虽然；不顾；尽管……(仍……)
3. range 从……到……变化
4. be dedicated t 致力于，献身于
5. figure ut 弄清楚，弄明白，计算出
6. bury neself in 埋头于，专心致志于
7. cme up 被提出；走近；长出地面；升起
8. be filled with 充满
9. entertain sb. with sth. 用某物使某人快乐
10. have a gift/talent fr... 有……天赋
11. think utside the bx 打破陈规
12. dnate sth. t sb./sth. 向……捐赠某物
13. crrespnd t/with... 与……相一致/符合
第二组
1. every nce in a while 偶尔，时常
2. peratin 使运转；使生效
3. a srt f 有点，有几分
4. be reduced t... 减少到……；沦落为……；陷入某种状态
5. all at nce 突然
6. be diagnsed with 被诊断为
7. reflect n 思考，反思
8. be designed t 旨在……
9. enable sb. t d... 使某人有能力做……
10. be invlved in 参与/卷入，涉及
11. draw ne's attentin 吸引某人的注意
12. be available t 可被……利用/得到的
13. explde with anger 勃然大怒
选词填空
1. In spite f what happened, he never lst the will t live.
2．Cntemprary Chinese educatinal rganizatin shuld nt nly stress learning and research, but be dedicated t creativity.
3．The questin came up at the meeting whether we had enugh mney t cnduct the research.
4．It can be difficult t figure ut creative ways t finish the task.
5．Prices range frm $119 t $199, depending n the particular cnfiguratin.
6．Peter had been puzzled ver the prblem fr ver an hur when all at nce the slutin flashed acrss his mind.
7．At the age f 12, Jane was diagnsed with a rare and deadly cancer, and was infrmed that high­risk surgery was her nly chance f getting better.
8. Every nce in a while , sme students didn't bey schl rules.What was wrse, they didn't think they were t blame fr their wrng behavir.
9．The curse is designed t equip students fr a career in cmputer science.
10．Maria has a gift/talent fr painting; even her ddles(涂鸦) lk like masterpieces.
11．My grandmther always entertains us with fascinating stries frm her yuth when we visit her.
12．She has been invlved in varius cmmunity service prjects.
13．The experimental results crrespnd t/with the theretical predictins.
14．This prgram enables students t enhance their language skills efficiently.
15．This resurce is available t all members f the cmmunity.