【暑假培优练】专题05 as, which引导非限制性定语从句-2025年新高一英语暑假衔接讲练 (人教版)（含答案）

这是一份【暑假培优练】专题05 as, which引导非限制性定语从句-2025年新高一英语暑假衔接讲练 (人教版)（含答案），文件包含暑假培优练专题05aswhich引导非限制性定语从句教师版-2025年新高一英语暑假衔接讲练人教版docx、暑假培优练专题05aswhich引导非限制性定语从句学生版-2025年新高一英语暑假衔接讲练人教版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共34页， 欢迎下载使用。
内容早知道
☛第一层 巩固提升练
考点一 as, which引导非限制性定语从句的基本用法
考点二 仿写句式之非限制性定语从句
☛第二层 能力培优练
☛第三层 拓展突破练
☛第四层 高考真题练
as, which引导非限制性定语从句的基本用法
【知识积累·练前热身】
1.as的用法：
①在从句中通常做主语、宾语，代指整个主句的内容；
②表示的意思是“正如，正像”；
③其引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、之中或之后。
The Pacific is the largest cean, as we all knw. 正如我们所知到的，太平洋是最大的洋。
（as在从句中做knw的宾语，代指整个主句。）
As is knwn t all, he is the best student in ur class. 众所周知，他是我们班上最好的学生。
（as在从句中做主语，代指整个主句。）
2.which的用法：
①在从句中做主语或宾语，既可代指整个主句的内容，又可代指主句的一部分；
②表示的意思是“这，那”；
③其引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后，不能位于主句之前。
The rad was t slippery, which caused lts f accidents. 路太滑了，这引起了很多事故。
（which引导的非限制性定语从句在从句中做主语，代指整个主句。）
Tm suddenly fell ill, which made us sad. Tm突然病倒，这使得我们很伤心。
（which引导的非限制性定语从句在从句中做主语，代指整个主句。）
注意：as有以下常见的，而which不具备的“固定表达”：
as we all knw = as is knwn t all 众所周知 as I can remember 正如我所记得的
as is expected 正如预料的那样 as we expect 正如我们预料的那样
as we all can see 正如我们都能看到的那样 as can be seen 看得出来
as may be imagined 正如可以想象的那样 as is mentined abve 正如上面所提到的
as has been said abve / befre 如上所述 as ften happens 正如经常发生的那样
as is ften the case 这是常有的事 as everybdy can d 正如人人都能做到的那样
as is reprted / said 正如报道 / 所说的那样
1.I’m crazy abut basketball, and pretty gd at it t, is prbably why I was s mad when we lst ur last match.
【答案】which
【详解】句意：我对篮球非常着迷，并且也很擅长它，这可能就是为什么我们在上一场比赛中输了我会如此生气的原因。
考查定语从句。空处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，且在定语从句中作主语。所以用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。
2.Taking targeted measures t help peple lift themselves ut f pverty, has been predicted, is fruitful.
【答案】as
【详解】句意：正如预测的那样，采取有针对性的措施帮助人们摆脱贫困是富有成效的。
考查定语从句。此处缺少非限制性定语从句引导词，从句缺少主语，表示“正如……”，应使用关系代词as。故填as。
3.During my stay in America, I lived in university accmmdatin with ther internatinal students, allws me t meet peple frm diverse cultural backgrunds.
【答案】which
【详解】句意：在美国期间，我和其他国际学生一起住在大学宿舍，这让我可以接触到来自不同文化背景的人。
考查定语从句。分析句子可知，设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，指代前文I lived in university accmmdatin with ther internatinal students这个事实，引导词在从句中作主语，故使用which。故填which。
4.His pinin ften cnflicts with his parents, is ften the case with teenagers.
【答案】as
【详解】句意：他的意见经常与父母发生冲突，这在青少年中是常有的事。
考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整句话在从句中作主语成分，as is ften the case“情况常常如此；这是常有的事”为固定句型。故填as。
5.Tm was late fr class again, made his teacher angry.
【答案】which
【详解】句意：汤姆又上课迟到了，这让老师很生气。
考查定语从句。分析句子可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词是前半句Tm was late fr class again，关系词在从句中作主语，因此使用which引导非限定性定语从句。故填which。
6. is seen frm the picture, a student is verladed with piles f hmewrk and endless afterschl training, making him breathless.
【答案】As
【详解】句意：从照片中可以看出，一名学生被成堆的家庭作业和无休止的放学后训练弄得喘不过气来。
考查非限制性定语从句。此处是非限制性定语从句引导词，从句缺少主语，表示“正如”，应使用关系代词as。位于句首首字母大写，故填As。
7.When lst in wrk, he ften is, he may frget all needed t be dne.
【答案】as
【详解】句意：当他沉浸于工作中时，他可能会忘记所有需要做的事情，这种情况经常发生。
考查非限制性定语从句。“_________ he ften is”为非限制性定语从句，设空处引导从句，在从句中作系动词is的表语，指代主句所说的情况，用关系代词as，故填as。
8.Nw Irene Astbury wrks frm 9am t 5pm daily at the pet shp in Macclesfield, ___________ she pened with her late husband Les.
【答案】 which
【解析】句意：
考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shp，在非限制性定语从句中作pened一词的宾语，故用which。
9.During their first day, is typical f Vancuver, it rained.
【答案】as
【详解】句意：在他们的第一天，正如典型的温哥华一样，下雨了。
考查定语从句。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，意为“正如”，应用as引导从句。故填as。
10. is knwn t all, Chinese learning calls fr a large amunt f patience.
【答案】As
【详解】句意：众所周知，学习汉语需要很大的耐心。
考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子可知，此处为固定句型as is knwn t all，表示“众所周知”，as指代整个主句，从句中作主语，故填As。
仿写句式之非限制性定语从句
【知识积累·练前热身】
在新高考卷中，写作两部分（应用文+读后续写）总共40分，分值将近占总分的三分之一。想要在写作部分不落后，使用复杂的句式是提高表达档次、增加语言亮点的主要途径之一，能够让我们的作文在众多作文中脱颖而出。而定语从句就是复杂句式中的重要一项。对于我们高一学生而言，使用定语从句有一定难度。但是，as和which引导的非限制性定语从句是更为简单的，且非常容易掌握。因此，在写作中巧妙地运用as和which引导的非限制性定语从句可为我们的作文“增光添彩”。
1．春节是中国最重要的传统节日之一，它总是让我们想到家庭团聚。(remind…f…)
【答案】The Spring Festival is ne f the mst imprtant traditinal festivals in China, which always reminds us f the family reunin.
【详解】考查固定短语和定语从句。主句主语“春节”为the Spring Festival；表示“是……之一”短语为be ne f；表示“中国最重要的传统节日”翻译为the mst imprtant traditinal festivals in China；后跟which引导的非限制性定语从句；表示“使……想起”短语为remind sb. f sth.，由副词always修饰；表示“家庭团聚”短语为the family reunin。为一般现在时。故翻译为The Spring Festival is ne f the mst imprtant traditinal festivals in China, which always reminds us f the family reunin.
2．众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。(knw)
【答案】As is knwn t all, the earth mves rund the sun.
【详解】考查固定短语和定语从句。“众所周知”为as we all knw 或 as is knwn t all，“地球围着太阳转”是表达客观真理，故该部分要用一般现在时，可表达为“ the earth mves rund the sun”。故翻译为As is knwn t all, the earth mves rund the sun.
3．我建议你提前了解一些唐朝的历史, 这有助于你更好地理解将要学习的诗。(in advance)
【答案】I advise yu t learn the histry f the Tang Dynasty in advance, which can help yu better understand the pems t be learned.
【详解】考查动词和定语从句。句子陈述现在的情况用一般现在时，“建议某人做某事”可表达为advise sb. t d sth.，“了解一些唐朝的历史”为learn the histry f the Tang Dynasty ，“提前”为in advance，作状语。“这有助于你更好地理解将要学习的诗”可处理为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“提前了解一些唐朝的历史”这件事，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导从句，“帮助某人做某事”为help sb d sth，“理解诗”为understand the pems，“将要学习的”为t be learned，为动词不定式的被动语态作后置定语。再结合其它汉语提示，故翻译为：I advise yu t learn the histry f the Tang Dynasty in advance, which can help yu better understand the pems t be learned.
4．他的小说已经被改编成一部卡通片，这被普遍认为是一个经典之作。
【答案】His nvel has been adapted int a cartn film, which is widely regarded as a classic.
【详解】考查固定搭配、定语从句、时态和语态。分析句子结构，本句的主句为逗号前的句子，逗号后的句子“这被普遍认为是一个经典之作”可翻译为which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代先行词“他的小说”（his nvel），指物，且在从句中作主语，所以从句谓语应用单数，主句主语为“他的小说”，所以主句谓语也应用单数。“被改编成”可表示为be adapted int，为被动语态；“卡通片”可表示为cartn film；“被普遍认为”可表示为be widely regarded as，为被动语态；“经典之作”可表示为classic。根据句中的“已经”可知，主句应用现在完成时。根据从句句意可知，这里陈述的是现实情况，应用一般现在时。故本句可翻译为：His nvel has been adapted int a cartn film, which is widely regarded as a classic.
5．我们的生活充满了起起落落，这是常有的事。
【答案】As is ften the case, ur life is full f ups and dwns.
【详解】考查定语从句和固定短语。表示“充满了”可用短语be fullf；表示“起起落落”短语为ups and dwns；“这是常有的事”可用固定短语as is ften the case。句子描述客观情况，为一般现在时。故翻译为As is ften the case, ur life is full f ups and dwns.
6．当今父母非常重视孩子的教育，这从长期来看，对他们的发展有好处。
【答案】Nwadays parents attach great imprtance t the educatin f their children, which des gd t their develpment ver the lng term.
【详解】考查定语从句和固定短语。表示“当今”应用副词nwadays；主语为parents；表示“非常重视”短语为attach great imprtance t；表示“孩子的教育”短语为the educatin f their children；后跟which引导的非限制性定语从句；表示“对他们的发展有好处”短语为d gd t their develpment；表示“从长期来看”短语为in the lng term。句子描述客观情况，为一般现在时。故翻译为Nwadays parents attach great imprtance t the educatin f their children, which des gd t their develpment in the lng term.
7．正如你看到的，他是我们学校最勤奋的老师之一。
【答案】He, as yu can see, is ne f the mst hard-wrking teachers in ur schl.
【详解】考查定语从句和固定短语。表示“正如你看到的” 可用as yu can see；表示“勤奋的” 可用形容词hard-wrking；表示“是最……之一”短语为be ne f the mst + 名词（复数）；表示“我们学校” 可用in ur schl。句中没有明确的时间状语，可用一般现在时。故翻译为He, as yu can see, is ne f the mst hard-wrking teachers in ur schl.
8．我能说一口流利的英语，这使我很容易与外国人交流。
【答案】I can speak English fluently, which makes it easy fr me t cmmunicate with freigners.
【详解】考查定语从句，时态，固定句型和主谓一致。“我能说一口流利的英语”是I can speak English fluently，“这使我很容易与外国人交流”用which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代前面整个主句的内容，“使某人容易做某事”是make it easy fr sb. t d，其中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式，此处描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，which指代前面整件事，因此make用第三人称单数，“与外国人交流”是cmmunicate with freigners，因此整句话翻译为“I can speak English fluently, which makes it easy fr me t cmmunicate with freigners”。故答案为I can speak English fluently, which makes it easy fr me t cmmunicate with freigners。
9．你可以想象，独自照顾三个小孩并不轻松。
【答案】As yu can imagine, it is a tugh task t take care f three children alne．
【详解】考查定语从句和固定短语。表示“你可以想象” 可用as yu can imagine；表示“三个小孩”可用短语take care f three children。表示“独自”可用alne。主句可以使用动名词作主语，也可以用it is + adj + (fr sb) + t d sth。故翻译为As yu can imagine, taking care f three children alne is nt easy．或As yu can imagine, it is nt easy t take care f three children alne．
10．他总是犯同样的错误，这使他的老师很恼火。
【答案】He is always making the same mistake, which annys his teacher.
【详解】考查定语从句和时态。表示“他”应用代词he作主语，在定语从句中作主语；表示“总是犯同样的错误”应用动词短语make the same mistake，根据句意应用现在进行时is always making the same mistake；表示“这使他的老师很恼火”应用非限制性定语从句which annys his teacher，其中which指代前面的整个句子，在从句中作主语，当成名词的第三人称单数，根据句意，从句中的谓语动词应用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式annys，名词his teacher在从句中作宾语。故翻译为：He is always making the same mistake, which annys his teacher.
一、完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D三个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。
Less than 5.8 centimeters tall, it is a small humanid rbt, which lks and acts like a(n) ____1____. It gt a recrd.
Accrding t the fficial regulatins (规则), humanid rbts must be able t ____2____ their shulders, elbws, knees and hips, and als be able t walk. ___3____ by a student named Chang, this ne is less than half the size f the ____4____ humanid rbt, which was ____5____ by students frm Hng Kng.
Chang is a pstgraduate student studying science and technlgy. He ____6____ crawling rbts (爬行机器人). Crawling rbts ____7____ lk like humans. Hwever, they can be used t examine ____8____ that are hard t get t. Chang has been interested in ____9____ since he was a child. He created his first humanid rbt when he was 10.
He didn’t spend much time making them during high schl, but he has returned t his _____10____ as he has gtten lder. It tk a few _____11_____ t get his rbt right, and he wrked hard t make it as small as he culd. He _____12_____ a recrd with his third attempt while he was in the furth year f his degree. He said he was very happy t have brken the _____13_____.
Chang hpes t _____14____ with rbts when he finishes ____15_____, but he’ll als keep making them at hme as a hbby.
1. A. insectB. humanC. dgD. addict
2. A. mveB. turnC. waveD. raise
3. A. InfluencedB. PickedC. CreatedD. Explred
4. A. frmalB. usualC. fficialD. previus
5. A. damagedB. brkenC. designedD. gt
6. A. researchesB. rganisesC. cnductsD. searches
7. A. newlyB. finallyC. exactlyD. hardly
8. A. placesB. machinesC. lifestylesD. campuses
9. A. mathsB. rbtsC. sprtsD. champins
10. A. traditinB. requestC. interestD. creativity
11. A. pensB. tipsC. battlesD. tries
12. A. made upB. applied frC. set utD. headed fr
13. A. recrdB. habitC. prmiseD. rule
14. A. shareB. cmpeteC. wrkD. talk
15.A. hmewrkB. challengesC. experiencesD. university
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. C
11. D 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位科学技术研究生创造了一个不到5.8厘米的小型人形机器人，打破了之前的记录，Chang从小就对机器人充满兴趣，并在大学期间继续追求这一爱好，希望未来能从事机器人相关工作。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它身高不到5.8厘米，是一个小型人形机器人，它的外表和行为都像人类。A. insect昆虫；B. human人类；C. dg狗；D. addict成瘾者。根据上文“it is a small humanid rbt”可知，这是一个小型人形机器人，因此外表和行为都像人类。故选B。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据官方规定，人形机器人必须能够移动它们的肩膀、肘部、膝盖和臀部，并且还能走路。A. mve移动；B. turn转动；C. wave挥动；D. raise抬起。根据下文“their shulders, elbws, knees and hips, and als be able t walk”可知，此处介绍人形机器人能实现的功能，应该是能够移动它们的肩膀、肘部、膝盖和臀部。故选A。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这款机器人是由一位姓Chang的学生创造的，它的大小不到之前由香港学生设计的人形机器人的一半。A. Influenced影响；B. Picked挑选；C. Created创造；D. Explred探索。根据下文“It tk a few ____11____ t get his rbt right, and he wrked hard t make it as small as he culd.”可知，这款机器人是由一位姓Chang的学生创造的。故选C。
【4题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这款机器人是由一位姓Chang的学生创造的，它的大小不到之前由香港学生设计的人形机器人的一半。A. frmal正式的；B. usual通常的；C. fficial官方的；D. previus先前的。根据上文“It gt a recrd.”可知，这款机器人创造了新的纪录，因此是和之前的人形机器人进行对比。故选D。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这款机器人是由一位姓Chang的学生创造的，它的大小不到之前由香港学生设计的人形机器人的一半。A. damaged损坏；B. brken破坏；C. designed设计；D. gt得到。根据上文“It gt a recrd.”可知，此处在介绍获得新纪录的这款人形机器人的情况，应该是与由香港学生设计的人形机器人进行对比。故选C。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他研究爬行机器人。A. researches研究；B. rganises组织；C. cnducts进行；D. searches搜索。根据上文“Chang is a pstgraduate student studying science and technlgy.”可知，Chang是一名科学技术专业的研究生，由此可知，他研究爬行机器人。故选A。
【7题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：爬行机器人几乎不像人类。A. newly新近地；B. finally最终；C. exactly确切地；D. hardly几乎不。根据下文“Hwever, they can be used t examine ____8____ that are hard t get t.”可知，上下文有转折，下文介绍爬行机器人的专门用途，凸显其优势，由此推知，此处指爬行机器人几乎不像人类。故选D。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，它们可以用来检查难以到达的地方。A. places地方；B. machines机器；C. lifestyles生活方式；D. campuses校园。根据下文“that are hard t get t”可推知，爬行机器人可以用来检查难以到达的地方，从而发挥作用。故选A。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Chang从小就对机器人感兴趣。A. maths数学；B. rbts机器人；C. sprts运动；D. champins冠军。根据下文“He created his first humanid rbt when he was 10.”可知，他在10岁时创造了他的第一个人形机器人，由此可推知，他从小就对机器人感兴趣。故选B。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他在高中时并没有花太多时间制作它们，但随着年龄的增长，他又恢复了对它们的兴趣。A. traditin传统；B. request请求；C. interest兴趣；D. creativity创造力。根据上文“Chang has been interested in ____9____ since he was a child.”和“He didn’t spend much time making them during high schl”可知，在经历高中阶段几乎停止该兴趣后，他又恢复了这个兴趣。故选C。
【11题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他试了几次才把他的机器人制作好，他努力把它做得尽可能小。A. pens钢笔；B. tips尖端；C. battles战斗；D. tries尝试。根据下文“He ____12____ a recrd with his third attempt while he was in the furth year f his degree.”可知，为了做好这款机器人，他做了好几次尝试。故选D。
【12题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：在大学四年级时，他用第三次的尝试申请了一项纪录。A. made up组成；B. applied fr申请；C. set ut出发；D. headed fr前往。根据下文“a recrd with his third attempt”可推知，他是用第三次尝试的成果去申请一项纪录。故选B。
【13题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说他很高兴打破了纪录。A. recrd纪录；B. habit习惯；C. prmise承诺；D. rule规则。根据上文“It gt a recrd.”可知，他因打破了纪录而感到高兴。故选A。
【14题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Chang希望大学毕业后能和机器人一起工作，但他也会把在家制作机器人作为自己的爱好。A. share分享；B. cmpete竞争；C. wrk工作；D. talk谈话。根据上文介绍的他对制作机器人的强烈兴趣，以及“Chang is a pstgraduate student studying science and technlgy.”可知，作为相关专业的学生他会希望和机器人一起工作。故选C。
【15题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Chang希望大学毕业后能和机器人一起工作，但他也会把在家制作机器人作为自己的爱好。A. hmewrk家庭作业；B. challenges挑战；C. experiences经历；D. university大学。根据上文“Chang is a pstgraduate student studying science and technlgy.”可知，他目前是一名科学技术专业的研究生，由此可知，这个希望应该是基于大学毕业后的。故选D。
二、阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
When almst everyne has a mbile phne, why are mre than half f Australian hmes still paying fr a landline（座机）?
These days yu’d be hard pressed t find anyne in Australia ver the age f 15 wh desn’t wn a mbile phne. In fact plenty f yunger kids have ne in their pcket. Practically everyne can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent f Australians have a landline phne at hme and nly just ver a quarter （29%） rely nly n their smartphnes accrding t a survey （调查）. Of thse Australians wh still have a landline, a third cncede that it’s nt really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 11 percent keep it in case f emergencies. I think my hme falls int that categry.
Mre than half f Australian hmes are still chsing t stick with their hme phne. Age is naturally a factr（因素）— nly 58 percent f Generatin Ys still use landlines nw and then, cmpared t 84 percent f Baby Bmers wh’ve perhaps had the same hme number fr 50 years. Age isn’t the nly factr; I’d say it’s als t d with the makeup f yur husehld.
Generatin Xers with yung families, like my wife and I, can still find it cnvenient t have a hme phne rather than prviding a mbile phne fr every family member. That said, t be hnest the nly peple wh ever ring ur hme phne are ur Baby Bmers parents, t the pint where we play a game and guess wh is calling befre we pick up the phne（using Caller ID wuld take the fun ut f it）.
Hw attached are yu t yur landline? Hw lng until they g the way f gas street lamps and mrning milk deliveries?
1. What des paragraph 2 mainly tell us abut mbile phnes?
A. Their target users. B. Their wide ppularity.
C. Their majr functins. D. Their cmplex design.
2. What des the underlined wrd “cncede” in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Admit. B. Argue. C.Remember. D. Remark.
3. What can we say abut Baby Bmers?
A. They like smartphne games. B. They enjy guessing callers’ identity.
C. They keep using landline phnes. D. They are attached t their family.
4. What can be inferred abut the landline frm the last paragraph?
A. It remains a family necessity. B. It will fall ut f use sme day.
C. It may increase daily expenses. D. It is as imprtant as the gas light.
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚使用固定电话的情况，并且表达了固定电话是非必需品的观点。
【1题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“These days yu'd be hard pressed t find anyne in Australia ver the age f 15 wh desn't wn a mbile phne. In fact plenty f yunger kids have ne in their pcket. Practically everyne can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime. (现在你很难在澳大利亚找到15岁以上的没有手机的人。事实上，很多年幼的孩子口袋里都有手机。几乎每个人都可以随时随地拨打和接听电话)”可推知，本段主要说明手机在澳大利亚广受欢迎。故选B项。
【2题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线单词的上文“Of thse Australians wh still have a landline (在那些仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人中)”可知，这个调查的目标人群是仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人；根据下文“it's nt really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 11 percent keep it in case f emergencies (固定电话并不是必须的，他们将其作为一种安全保障——19%的人表示他们从未使用过固定电话，另有11%的人保留固定电话以防紧急情况)”可知，很多人认为固定电话并不是必须拥有的，有些人保留固定电话只是为了防止紧急情况。从而推知，在调查中，他们应该是承认了固定电话的非必要性。由此推知，划线单词“cncede”意为“承认”。故选A项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“84 percent f Baby Bmers wh've perhaps had the same hme number fr 50 years.(婴儿潮时代中有84%的人可能已经有50年相同的家庭号码了)”以及文章第五段“That said, t be hnest the nly peple wh ever ring ur hme phne are ur Baby Bmers parents (也就是说，老实说，唯一打过我们家电话的人是婴儿潮一代的父母)”可推知，婴儿潮时代的人一直用固定电话。故选C项。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Hw attached are yu t yur landline? Hw lng until they g the way f gas street lamps and mrning milk deliveries? (你有多喜欢你的座机？它们还要多久才能走上煤气路灯和早晨送牛奶的道路？)”可推知，本段使用类比的方式，使用煤气路灯以及早晨送牛奶已经被淘汰的例子，侧面说明了固定电话总有一天会废弃的。故选B项。
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
Mary will never frget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class ne day, __1__ (wear) sun glasses. He walked in as if he __2__ (buy) the schl. And the wrd quickly gt arund that he was frm New Yrk City.
Fr sme reasn he sat beside Mary. Mary felt __3__ (please), because there were many empty seats in the rm. But she quickly realized that it wasn’t her, it was prbably the fact that she sat in __4__ last rw. __5__ he thught he culd escape attentin by sitting at the back, he was wrng. It might have made it a little __6__ (hard) fr everybdy because it meant they had t turn arund, but that didn’t stp the kids in the class. Of curse whenever they turned t lk at him, they had t lk at Mary, __7__ made her feel like a star.
“D yu need thse glasses fr medical reasns?” the teacher asked. The new by shk his head. “Then I’d appreciate it if yu didn’t wear them in class. I like t lk at yur eyes when I’m speaking t yu.” the new by lked at the teacher __8__ a few secnds and all the ther students wndered _9__ the by wuld d. Then he tk __10__ ff, gave a big smile and said, “That’s cl.”
【答案】1. wearing 2.had bught 3. pleased 4. the 5. If 6.harder 7.which 8. fr 9.what 10. them
【解析】
1.考查现在分词。句意：一天，他突然出现在课堂上，戴着太阳镜。句中appeared是谓语动词，所以wear是非谓语动词，且动词wear和句子主语He之间是主动关系，是现在分词表伴随状态。故答案为wearing。
2.考查虚拟语气。句意：他走了进来，好像买下了这所学校似的。此处是as if引导的方式状语从句，从句用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词buy与过去事实相反，所以用过去完成时。故答案为had bught。
3.考查形容词作表语。句意：玛丽感到很高兴，因为房间里有许多空座位。空前的 felt是连系动词“觉得，感觉到”，后面用形容词作表语，动词please的过去分词pleased已转化为形容词“高兴的，满意的”。故答案为pleased。
4.考查定冠词。句意：但她很快意识到那不是她，可能是因为她坐在最后一排。in the last rw“在最后一排”，此处用the表示“特指”。故答案为the。
5. 考查条件状语从句。句意：如果他以为坐在后排就能避开别人的注意，那他就错了。分析句子结构，此处是if引导的条件状语从句，且位于句子开头，首字母要大写。故答案为If。
6.考查形容词比较级。句意：这可能会让每个人都有点困难，因为这意味着他们必须转身，但这并没有阻止班上的孩子。even/much/a little/a lt/far/any/still/slightly等可放在比较级前修饰比较级，加强语气，此处a little修饰hard的比较级。故答案为harder。
7.考查非限制性定语从句。句意：当然，每当他们回头看他的时候，他们都得看着玛丽，这让她觉得自己像个明星。此处是前面整个句子作先行词，用关系代词which替代前面所述全部内容，引导非限制性定语从句。切记：that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故答案为which。
8.考查介词。句意：我跟你说话的时候喜欢看着你的眼睛。新来的男孩看了老师几秒钟，其他的学生都想知道这个男孩会做什么。空后a few secnds 是一段时间，前面用介词fr，表动作持续时间。故答案为fr。
9. 考查宾语从句引导词。句意：我跟你说话的时候喜欢看着你的眼睛。新来的男孩看了老师几秒钟，其他的学生都想知道这个男孩会做什么。动词wndered后面是宾语从句，从句缺少引导词，且从句的谓语动词d后缺宾语，所填词要起双重作用，what符合句意，而that只起引导作用，不能在句中作成分。故答案为what。
10.考查人称代词宾格。句意：然后他把它们脱下来，露出一个大大的微笑，说:“那很酷。”此处用them替代指代glasses在句中作tk __10__ ff的宾语。故答案为them。
一、阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Sme time ag, mst peple wuld have fund it hard t imagine a wrld where yu culd send a small picture t smene and it wuld be a gd way t respnd. But tday, emjis (表情符号) are everywhere in cmmunicatin, and many peple think they are a new frm f language.
The first emjis were made in 1999 by a Japanese artist. He was wrking fr a mbile netwrk cmpany. The cmpany asked him t create a set f emjis t use when they launched (发布) their mbile Internet system. Messages n the system were limited t 250 characters, s he thught emjis wuld be a quick and easy way fr peple t cmmunicate.
At that time, peple were already using “emticns” in their cnversatins. These are simple faces made using characters n a keybard. Fr example, a cln and a right parenthesis —:）— make a basic smiley face. The artist tk this idea and made it better by creating 176 black-and-white pixel images t shw things like emtins, weather, and fd. This set f emjis is nw part f the permanent (永久的) cllectin at New Yrk City’s Museum f Mdern Art.
The artist said he was inspired by symbls used in weather frecasts and Chinese characters. The wrd emji is a cmbinatin f tw Japanese wrds: e which means picture, and mji which means character. The artist said he never thught emjis wuld becme s ppular arund the wrld.
But they did— and it happened quickly. Other cmpanies in Japan started using emjis t, and by the mid-2000s, internatinal cmpanies began including them in their systems. In2010, emjis were fficially recgnized by the Unicde Cnsrtium, an rganizatin that keeps text standards in sftware. This meant emjis culd be used n any perating system.
Tday, the Unicde Cnsrtium has apprved (认可) ver 1,700 emjis, shwing different mds, animals, fd, flags, and mre. And just like any ther language, emjis keep grwing, with new nes added every year.
1. Why were the first emjis created?
A. T replace emticns.B. T create a new frm f art.
C. T cmpete with ther cmpanies.D. T prmte a new mbile Internet system.
2. What inspired the artist t create emjis?
A. Mdern art and technlgy. B. Internatinal travel experiences.
C. Ppular mvies and televisin shws. D. Weather symbls and Chinese characters.
3. When were emjis fficially recgnized by the Unicde Cnsrtium?
A. In 1999.B. In 2010.C. In 2015.D. In mid-2000s.
4. What is the best title fr the text?
A. The Stry Of Emjis.B. The Way T Use Emjis.
C. The Histry Of Emticns.D. The Stry Abut A Japanese Artist.
【答案】1. D 2. D 3. B 4. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了表情符号的起源、发展以及现状，说明了表情符号已经成为了一种新的语言形式，并且在全球范围内得到了广泛的应用和认可。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“The cmpany asked him t create a set f emjis t use when they launched their mbile Internet system.(公司要求他创建一组表情符号，以便在他们推出移动互联网系统时使用。)”可知，第一个表情符号的创建是为了推广一种新的移动互联网系统。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“The artist said he was inspired by symbls used in weather frecasts and Chinese characters.(这位艺术家说，他的灵感来自于天气预报中使用的符号和汉字。)”可知，激发了艺术家创作表情符号的灵感的是天气符号和汉字。故选D。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“In 2010, emjis were fficially recgnized by the Unicde Cnsrtium.(2010年，表情符号被Unicde联盟正式认可。)”可知，表情符号被Unicde联盟正式认可的时间是2010年。故选B。
【4题详解】
主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了表情符号（emjis）的起源、发展以及现状。文章从表情符号的初次出现，到其被广泛接受和应用，再到如今成为沟通中不可或缺的一部分，详细描绘了表情符号的“成长历程”。由此可知，选项A“表情符号的故事”是最好的标题。故选A。
二、七选五
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Getting int exercise and sticking with it can be tugh. Here are sme easy tips t help yu.
Break it up
Fitness experts nw say that every bit f activity cunts twards yur weekly gals, as lng as it’s intense (剧烈的) enugh. Yu can take a 5-minute walk up the blck, climb the stairs in yur hme a few times, r stand up frm yur desk and d a set f squats. ____1____
Increase slwly.
Starting with a very busy and intense exercise rutine can make yu tired and mre likely t get hurt. ____2____ Yu can d a shrt walk r light weights, and slwly increase the time and intensity ver weeks r mnths. Using exercise apps r getting help frm a persnal trainer can guide yu.
____3____
Activities like cleaning the huse, ding yard wrk, dancing in yur kitchen, and walking the dg can all cunt as exercise. These everyday activities help yu stay active and fit.
Schedule it
Exercise is as imprtant as any ther activity. While shrt activities are gd, yu might want t d lnger nes t. ____4____ Once yu chse it, add it t yur timetable as an unchanging meeting.
Cnsider high-intensity interval training (HIIT)
____5____. HIIT includes small grups f intense exercise with breaks in between. It’s easy t stick with, takes less time, and can be dne withut equipment at hme. A persnal trainer can help yu set up an HIIT wrkut.
Besides, exercising with a friend can keep yu interested, help yu try new activities, and make yu mre cnsistent. Find a wrkut mate and get mving tgether!
A. D nn-exercise exercise
B. Find a time in yur day that wrks
C. G t a persnal trainer fr advice
D. Begin with what yu are cmfrtable with
E. This is great fr beginners, even if yu are nt very active
F. These shrt “exercise snacks” add up and have health benefits
G. D smething challenging can be a great chice fr thse wh like exercise
【答案】1. F 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是如何开始并坚持锻炼的几条小贴士。
【1题详解】
根据本段的主题句“Break it up (分散运动)”可知，本段建议可以将运动分解成多个小部分进行，而不是一次性完成长时间的锻炼，结合空前的“Yu can take a 5-minute walk up the blck, climb the stairs in yur hme a few times, r stand up frm yur desk and d a set f squats. (你可以沿着街区走5分钟，在家里爬几次楼梯，或者从办公桌上站起来做一组深蹲。)”可知，这些锻炼方式都是短时间的活动，F选项“These shrt “exercise snacks” add up and have health benefits (这些短时间的“零食式锻炼”累积起来对健康有好处。)”中的These shrt “exercise snacks”指的是空前列举的“沿街区走5分钟，爬几次楼梯，或者深蹲练习”，且对本段进行了总结。故选F项。
【2题详解】
根据空前的“Starting with a very busy and intense exercise rutine can make yu tired and mre likely t get hurt. (从一个非常繁忙和激烈的日常锻炼开始会让你感到疲劳，更容易受伤。)”可知，一开始就进行强烈的运动可能会受伤，结合空后的“Yu can d a shrt walk r light weights, and slwly increase the time and intensity ver weeks r mnths. Using exercise apps r getting help frm a persnal trainer can guide yu. (你可以做短距离的散步或轻量运动，在几周或几个月内慢慢增加时间和强度。使用锻炼应用程序或向私人教练寻求帮助可以指导你。)”可知，此处建议从比较简短和运动强度较小的运动开始，D选项“Begin with what yu are cmfrtable with (从你感到舒适的地方开始。)”针对空前的内容提出建议，并引出空后列举的几个逐步增加训练强度的例子，符合语境。故选D项。
【3题详解】
分析语篇可知，此处为本段的主题句，结合其它段落的主题句均为祈使句可知，此处应为祈使句，结合空后的“Activities like cleaning the huse, ding yard wrk, dancing in yur kitchen, and walking the dg can all cunt as exercise. (打扫房子、在院子里干活、在厨房跳舞、遛狗等活动都可以算作锻炼。)”可知，此处鼓励人们通过日常生活中的活动来训练，A项“D nn-exercise exercise (做非运动形式的锻炼)”为祈使句，且讲述的内容与本段内容吻合，符合语境。故选A项。
【4题详解】
根据本段的主题句“Schedule it (安排时间)”可知，这一段的重点在于安排固定的锻炼时间，并将其视为重要的日程安排，结合空前的“While shrt activities are gd, yu might want t d lnger nes t. (虽然短时间的活动是好的，但你可能也想做一些长时间的活动。)”以及空后的“Once yu chse it, add it t yur timetable as an unchanging meeting. (一旦你选择了它，把它作为一个不变的会议添加到你的时间表中。)”可知，此处讲述的内容都与安排运动时间相关，B选项“Find a time in yur day that wrks (找到一天中适合的时间段)”与本段主题一致，且与空前空后的内容吻合，符合语境。故选B项。
【5题详解】
根据本段的主题句“Cnsider high-intensity interval training (HIIT) (考虑高强度间歇训练)”可知，本段主要介绍了高强度间歇训练，结合空后的“HIIT includes small grups f intense exercise with breaks in between. It’s easy t stick with, takes less time, and can be dne withut equipment at hme. (HIIT包括小组合的高强度锻炼与间隔休息。它易于坚持，花费时间少，并且可以在家中无需设备完成。)”可知，这种高强度间歇训练易于坚持，花费时间少，在家中无设备的情况下完成，这样的运动类型更适合初学者，E选项“This is great fr beginners, even if yu are nt very active (这对初学者来说是很好的，即使你不是很活跃)”讲述的内容承接段落的主题句，且引出空后讲述HIIT的特点，符合语境。故选E项。
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
I had butterflies in my stmach when I started calligraphy (书法) classes in high schl. I wndered what I was ding there and thught it wasn't _ 1 _(suit) fr me. At that mment, I culdn't have knwn that I'd just made ne f the best 2 (chse)f my life.
I sat dwn and listened t the teacher intrducing the tls f the craft. Then it was the first time that I 3 (try) my hand. I picked up the brush, using the crrect gesture, dipped it in the ink, and carefully wrte "ne" 4 Chinese.
Over the past five years, I have been expert in 5 (make) versins f well-knwn pems. Calligraphy seemed like a bridge, 6 cnnected me t authrs frm centuries past. Strke(笔画)by strke,wrd by wrd, I culd feel their emtins, cherished my wn peace and learned 7 (enjy) my daily life.
Nw, calligraphy is nt just a hbby, 8 a way t remve myself frm the wrries f life. 9 (attract) by it, I can write fr a whle day. Calligraphy enables me t balance my busy schedule and live 10 (peaceful).
【答案】1. suitable 2.chices 3. had tried 4. in 5. making
6.which 7.t enjy 8.but 9.Attracted 10. peacefully
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者学习书法的经历及书法对自己的影响。
1.考查形容词。句意：我想知道我在那里做什么，觉得那里不适合我。分析句子成分可知，设空处作表语，所以应用形容词，be suitable fr为固定短语，意为“适合于……”。
2.考查名词复数。句意：在那一刻，我不可能知道我刚刚做出了人生中最好的选择之一。“ne f the+形容词最高级+名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”，此处应用名词复数。故填chices。
3.考查动词时态。句意：然后，我第一次一试身手。It was the first time that sb.had dne sth.意为“某人第一次做某事”。设空处应用过去完成时。故填had tried。
4.考查介词。句意：我用正确的手势拿起毛笔，蘸了蘸墨水，小心翼翼地用中文写了“一”。in Chinese 为固定搭配，意为“用中文”，故填in。
5.考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的五年里，我一直擅长临摹著名诗句。be expert in为固定短语，意为“擅长于……”，介词in后须跟动词-ing形式作宾语。故填making
6.考查定语从句。句意：书法就像一座桥梁，把我和几个世纪前的作者联系在一起。分析句子成分可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句且在句中作主语，修饰先行词a bridge，指物，应用关系代词which引导.故填which。
7.考查非谓语动词。句意：一笔一画,一字一句中，我能感受到他们的情绪，珍惜自己的平静，学会享受我的日常生活。learn t d sth.为固定短语，意为“学会做某事”。故填tenjy。
8.考查连词。句意：现在，书法不仅仅是一种爱好，而是一种让我自己摆脱生活烦恼的方式。“不是……而是……”可用固定短语“nt（just)”。故填but。
9.考查非谓语动词。句意：被它（书法)吸引着，我可以写一整天。分析句子成分可知，设空处应用非谓语在句中作状语，attracl与其逻辑主语【之间为被动关系，应用过去分词，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Attracted。
10.考查副词。句意：书法让我能够平衡我繁忙的日程，让我的生活平静。修饰动词live 应用副词。故填peacefully。
一、阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
（2024年全国甲卷）Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique annual celebratin f the Harvard cmmunity's artistic creativity. We invite yu t jin us fr the cming ARTS FIRST. We lk frward t welcming yu as we shwcase the creativity f the Harvard arts cmmunity thrugh perfrmances, art exhibitins and art-making activities. The festival is a public event fr Harvard and cmmunity members f all ages.
Light Awash in Waterclr
Learn abut the materials and qualities f waterclr paint with experts frm the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab. Try yur hand at sme f the painting tricks used by artists whse wrks will be in the upcming exhibitin f American Waterclrs 1880-1990: Int the Light.
Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity
Frm webs t ccns, invertebrates (无脊椎动物) create sme f nature's mst delicate and beautiful designs. Jin Javier Marin frm the Harvard Museum f Natural Histry t learn hw insects and ther invertebrates dance, inspire fashin and create art, while making yur wn spineless artists ut f craft (手工艺) materials.
Wheel Thrwing
Jin instructrs frm the Ceramics Prgram and great ptters frm Quincy, Cabt and Mather Huses fr demnstratins using the ptter's wheel. Then create yur wn masterpiece!
Knitting and Pm-Pm Making
Jin the Harvard Undergraduate Knitting Circle t make pm-pms and tassels ut f thread, r pick up a pair f needles and learn t knit (编织).
1. What d we knw abut ARTS FIRST?
A. It is an exhibitin f il paintings.B. It ffers art curses fr all ages.
C. It presents recreatinal activities.D. It is a majr turist attractin.
2. Which prgram will yu jin if yu're interested in drawing pictures?
A. Light Awash in Waterclr.B. Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity.
C. Wheel Thrwing.D. Knitting and Pm-Pm Making.
3. What can yu d tgether with Javier Marin?
A. Practice a traditinal dance.B. Make handcrafts.
C. Visit a lcal museum.D. Feed invertebrates.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了ARTS FIRST艺术节的相关艺术展览和艺术制作活动，并且邀请热爱的学生或社区成员加入。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段的“We lk frward t welcming yu as we shwcase the creativity f the Harvard arts cmmunity thrugh perfrmances, art exhibitins and art-making' activities.(我们期待着您的到来，我们将通过表演、艺术展览和艺术创作活动来展示哈佛艺术界的创造力。)”以及下文的四个小标题“Light Awash in Waterclr (水彩中的淡光)”；“Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity(没有骨气的艺术家:无脊椎的创造力)”；“Wheel Thrwing (投掷轮子)”和“Knitting and Pm-Pm Making (编织和制作毛绒球)”可推知，ARTS FIRST是提供娱乐活动的。故选C项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章“Light Awash in Waterclr (水彩中的淡光)”部分中的“Learn abut the materials and qualities f waterclr paint with experts frm the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab. Try yur hand at sme f the painting tricks used by artists whse wrks will be in the upcming exhibitin f American Waterclrs 1880 — 1990: Int the Light. (与哈佛艺术博物馆材料实验室的专家一起了解水彩颜料的材料和质量。在即将到来的“1880 — 1990年美国水彩画：进入光”展览中，尝试一下艺术家们使用的一些绘画技巧。)”可知，如果对画画感兴趣，可以参加Light Awash in Waterclr。故选A项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章“Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity (无脊椎艺术家：无脊椎动物的创造力)”部分中的“Jin Javier Marin frm the Harvard Museum f Histry t learn hw insects and ther Natural invertebrates dance, inspire fashin and create art, while making yur wn spineless artists ut f craft materials. (和哈佛历史博物馆的Javier Marin一起学习昆虫和其他自然无脊椎动物是如何跳舞、启发时尚和创造艺术的。同时用手工材料制作你自己的无脊椎艺术家。)”可知，参与者能跟Javier Marin一起进行手工制作。故选B项。
B
（2024年全国甲卷）Animals can express their needs using a lt f ways. Fr instance, almst all animals have distinct vcals (声音) that they rely n t either ask fr help, scare away any dangerus animals r lk fr shelter. But cats are special creatures wh pssess amazing vcalizatin skills. They are able t have entire cnversatins with humans using mews and yu're able t interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep mewing t attract attentin and find fd. Hwever, when a cat is lking fr affectin, they tend t prduce stretched and sft mews. Mewing starts as sn as a baby cat is brught t life and uses it t get the mther's attentin and be fed.
Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense f smell is quite impressive. They use their nses t assess their envirnment and lk ut fr any signs f danger. They will sniff ut specific areas befre they chse a place t relax. Hwever, anther way the cats are able t distinguish between situatins is by lking fr familiar smells. Yur cat will likely smell yur face and stre the smell in its memry and use it t recgnize yu in the future. That's why mst pet cats are able t tell immediately if their wners were arund any ther cats, which they dn't usually like.
Dgs are knwn fr their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavir up a ntch. Many cats will find randm bjects utside and bring them t their wners. This is a very ld habit that's been present in all kinds f predatrs (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts fr their wners t shw they lve yu. These adrable little hunters are just ding smething that it's been in their nature since the beginning f time. S just g alng with it!
4. What can be learned abut cats' mewing frm the first paragraph?
A. It's a survival skill.B. It's taught by mther cats.
C. It's hard t interpret.D. It's getting luder with age.
5. Hw des a pet cat assess different situatins?
A. By listening fr sunds.B. By tuching familiar bjects.
C. By checking n smells.D. By cmmunicating with ther cats.
6. Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up ntch" in paragraph 1?
A. Perfrm apprpriately.B. Mve faster.C. Act strangely.D. D better.
7. What is a suitable title fr the text?
A. Tips n Finding a Smart CatB. Understanding Yur Cat's Behavir
C. Have Fun with Yur CatD. Hw t Keep Yur Cat Healthy
【答案】4. A 5. C 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了猫通过叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物来表达需求、评估环境和展示爱意。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lt f ways. Fr instance, almst all animals have distinct vcals (声音) that they rely n t either ask fr help, scare away any dangerus animals r lk fr shelter. (动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。例如，几乎所有的动物都有独特的声音，它们依靠这些声音来寻求帮助，吓跑危险的动物或寻找庇护。)”和“Mewing starts as sn as a baby cat is brught t life and uses it t get the mther’s attentin and be fed. (猫宝宝一出生就开始喵喵叫，喵喵叫是为了引起妈妈的注意和被喂食。)”可知，猫叫声是一种生存技能。故选A。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense f smell is quite impressive. They use their nses t assess their envirnment and lk ut fr any signs f danger. (猫有许多敏锐的感官，但它们的嗅觉令人印象深刻。它们用鼻子来评估周围的环境，寻找任何危险的迹象。)”可知，宠物猫通过检查气味来评估不同情况。故选C。
【6题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词前半句“Dgs are knwn fr their impressive fetching habit, (狗以其令人印象深刻的抓取习惯而闻名)”和后句“Many cats will find randm bjects utside and bring them t their wners. (许多猫会在外面随意找到一些东西，并把它们带给主人。)”可知，狗以取回东西而闻名，但猫可以从外边找到东西带回来，因此在这一行为上更上一层楼。短语take ... up a ntch是用来形容猫在带回东西这一行为上做得更好或更出色。故选D。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lt f ways.( 动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。)”及全文可知，文章都在介绍和解释猫的各种行为方式，包括叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物的习惯，以及这些行为背后的原因和意义。所以“Understanding Yur Cat’s Behavir(了解你的猫的行为)”作为文章标题最二、完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D三个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。
（2024年全国甲卷）One day, we had a family dinner. While the adults were busy with their serius talk utside, I was left alne in the ____1____ t help my grandmther wash dishes. ____2____ my grandmther wuld tell me stries abut her childhd.
Brn just befre WWII, my grandmther ____1____ an entirely different childhd lifestyle frm mine. She did nt have a chance t g t ____4____. Like in typical families, where bys were ____5____ much mre than girls, my grandma had t stay at hme t d ____6____. The nly pprtunity (机会) she culd seize t ____7____ was when her brther was having Chinese ____8____ with the family tutr. She wuld sit quietly at the far end f the lng dinner table, listening ____9____. This training taught her t read and write her Chinese upside dwn — a skill that has turned ut t be quite ____10____, especially whenever we share the newspaper. On mst weekends, my grandmther, a yung girl then, and her brther wuld g t the ____11____. There, they wuld walk thrugh deep water, sit dwn crss-legged underwater and hld their ____12____ while they watched all actin ging n arund them. This is smething I ____11____ — her ability t pen her ____14____ underwater and still sit cmfrtably n the seabed.
My childhd is quite ____15____ cmpared with hers. I am ____16____ that I did nt need t ____17____ the hardships like she did. I've never faced the prblem f ____18____. I guess ur different childhd backgrund is what makes my grandmther such an amazing persn t ____19____ t: her stries always make my histry textbks ____20____.
1. A. sitting rmB. kitchenC. yardD. dining hall
2. A. As alwaysB. By the wayC. Fr exampleD. Here and nw
3. A. adjustedB. prmtedC. achievedD. experienced
4. A. wrkB. schlC. curtD. press
5. A. favredB. tleratedC. trustedD. acknwledged
6. A. gardeningB. hmewrkC. businessD. husewrk
7. A. exerciseB. studyC. explreD. teach
8. A. fdB. guestsC. lessnsD. tea
9. A. clselyB. directlyC. nervuslyD. freely
10. A. prfessinalB. awkwardC. simpleD. practical
11. A. marketB. muntainC. beachD. class
12. A. secretB. breathC. viewD. tngue
13. A. admireB. nticeC. adptD. value
14. A. handsB. muthC. eyesD. arms
15. A. difficultB. cmplexC. happyD. similar
16. A. gratefulB. surprisedC. cnvincedD. regretful
17. A. reflect upnB. g thrughC. ask abutD. prepare fr
18. A. unemplymentB. healthC. educatinD. cmmunicatin
19. A. attendB. referC. leadD. talk
20. A. cme trueB. cme rundC. cme utD. cme alive
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. D 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. D
11. C 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. C 16. A 17. B 18. C 19. D 20. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者祖母的童年故事，以及作者从故事中得到的感悟。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当大人们在外面忙于严肃的谈话时，我一个人留在厨房里帮奶奶洗碗。A. sitting rm客厅；B. kitchen厨房；C. yard院子；D. dining hall餐厅。根据下文“t help my grandmther wash dishes”可推知，此处指作者在厨房洗碗。故选B。
【2题详解】
考查副词短语辨析。句意：一如既往地，我的祖母会给我讲她童年的故事。As always一如既往；B. By the way顺便说一句；C. Fr example例如；D. Here and nw此时此地。根据语境，结合下文“my grandmther wuld tell me stries abut her childhd”可推知，此处指作者的祖母经常给作者讲童年故事，这次一如既往的给作者讲她童年的故事。故选A。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的祖母出生在二战前夕，她的童年生活方式与我的完全不同。A. adjusted调整；B. prmted促进；C. achieved完成；D. experienced经历。根据下文“an entirely different childhd lifestyle frm mine”可推知，此处指祖母经历的童年与作者的不同。故选D。
【4题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她没有机会上学。A. wrk工作；B. schl学校；C. curt法院；D. press出版社。根据下文“The nly pprtunity she culd seize t ____7____ was when her brther was having Chinese ____8____ with the family tutr”可推知，此处在指祖母生活的年代，她是没有机会上学的。故选B。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：就像典型的重男轻女的家庭一样，我奶奶不得不呆在家里做家务。A. favred赞成；B. tlerated容忍；C. trusted信任；D. acknwledged承认。根据上文“She did nt have a chance t g t schl. Like in typical families”并结合语境可推知，此处指作者祖母生活的年代是重男轻女的，所以祖母才不被允许上学。故选A。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像典型的重男轻女的家庭一样，我奶奶不得不呆在家里做家务。A.gardening园艺；B. hmewrk家庭作业；C. business商务；D.husewrk家务。结合语境，再根据上文“my grandma had t stay at hme”可推知，此处指作者祖母在家里做家务。故选D。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她唯一能抓住的学习机会是当她的哥哥和家庭教师一起上语文课的时候。A. exercise锻炼；B. study学习；C. explre探索；D. teach教学。根据上文“She did nt have a chance t g t schl.”以及下文“with the family tutr”可推知，此处指祖母不被允许上学，自己找机会学习。故选B。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她唯一能抓住的学习机会是当她的哥哥和家庭教师一起上语文课的时候。A. fd食物；B. guests客人；C. lessns课程；D. tea茶。根据上文“having Chinese”以及下文“with the family tutr”可推知，此处指祖母的哥哥和家庭教师一起上语文课。故选C。
【9题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她会安静地坐在长长的餐桌的另一端，仔细地听着。A.clsely仔细地、紧密地；B. directly直接地；C. nervusly紧张地；D. freely自由地。根据上文“The nly pprtunity she culd seize t study was when her brther was having Chinese lessns with the family tutr. She wuld sit quietly at the far end f the lng dinner table”可推知，此处指祖母抓住学习机会，仔细地旁听学习。故选A。
【10题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这项训练教会了她把中文倒过来读和写——这项技能被证明是非常实用的，尤其是当我们分享报纸的时候。A. prfessinal专业的；B. awkward令人尴尬的；C. simple简单的；D. practical实用的。根据上文“This training taught her t read and write her Chinese upside dwn”以及下文“especially whenever we share the newspaper”可推知，此处指祖母学会的技能是非常实用的。故选D。
【11题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在大多数周末，我的祖母，当时还是个小女孩，和她的哥哥会去海滩。A. market市场；B. muntain山；C. beach海滩；D. class班级。根据下文“they wuld walk thrugh deep water, sit dwn crss-legged underwater”可推知，此处指祖母和哥哥去海滩玩水。故选C。
【12题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那里，他们会穿过深水，盘腿坐在水下，屏住呼吸，看着周围发生的一切。A. secret秘密；B. breath呼吸；C. view视野；D. tngue舌头。根据上文“they wuld walk thrugh deep water, sit dwn crss-legged underwater”可推知，此处指祖母和哥哥在水下屏住呼吸。故选B。
【13题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很钦佩她在水下张开嘴，还能舒服地坐在海底的能力。A. admire钦佩；B. ntice注意到；C.adpt采纳；D. value重视。根据下文“her ability t pen her ____14____ underwater and still sit cmfrtably n the seabed”可推知，此处指作者佩服祖母在水里的能力。故选A。
【14题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很钦佩她在水下张开眼睛，还能舒服地坐在海底的能力。A. hands手；B. muth嘴；C. eyes眼睛；D. arms胳膊。根据上文“There, they wuld walk thrugh deep water, sit dwn crss-legged underwater and hld their 12 while they watched all actin ging n arund them. ”以及下文“still sit cmfrtably n the seabed”可推知，此处指祖母张开眼睛在水底坐着。故选C。
【15题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与她的童年相比，我的童年相当快乐。A. difficult困难的；B. cmplex复杂的；C. happy快乐的；D. similar相似的。通读全文，再根据“cmpared with hers”可推知，此处指与祖母的童年经历相比，作者的童年相当快乐。故选C。
【16题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很感激我不需要像她那样经历磨难。A. grateful感激的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. cnvinced深信不疑的；D. regretful后悔的。根据上文“My childhd is quite 15 cmpared with hers.”可推知，此处指作者很感激自己的童年是快乐的。故选A。
【17题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我很感激我不需要像她那样经历磨难。A. reflect upn思考；B. g thrugh经历；C. ask abut询问；D. prepare fr准备。根据上文“I am grateful that I did nt need”以及下文“the hardships like she did”可推知，此处指作者感激自己不需要经历祖母经历过的那些磨难。故选B。
【18题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从来没有遇到过受教育的问题。A.unemplyment失业；B. health健康；C. educatin教育；D. cmmunicatin沟通。通读全文，再根据上文“She did nt have a chance t g t schl.”可推知，文章主要讲了祖母不被允许上学，没受过教育的困境，所以此处指作者从来没有遇到过受教育的问题。故选C。
【19题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想是我们不同的童年背景让我的祖母成为了一个交谈时令人惊叹的人：她的故事总是让我的历史教科书鲜活起来。A. attend出席；B. refer参考；C. lead领导；D. talk对话、讨论。结合上文祖母给作者讲故事，再根据上文“makes my grandmther such an amazing persn”可推知，此处指祖母的经历使祖母成为了一个交谈时令人惊叹的人。talk t“与某人交谈”。故选D。
【20题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我想是我们不同的童年背景让我的祖母成为了一个交谈时令人惊叹的人：她的故事总是让我的历史教科书鲜活起来。A. cme true成真；B. cme rund苏醒；C. cme ut出现；D. cme alive变得生动。根据上文“I guess ur different childhd backgrund is what makes my grandmther such an amazing persn t talk t: her stries always make my histry textbks”可推知，此处指作者祖母的经历和故事丰富了作者的人生，使历史书上的故事变得生动鲜活，跃然纸上。故选D。