译林版（2024）八年级上册英语 Unit4 Hands-on fun 语法知识点 讲义

这是一份译林版（2024）八年级上册英语 Unit4 Hands-on fun 语法知识点 讲义，共9页。
译林版（2024）八年级上册英语 Unit4 Hands-on fun 语法知识点 讲义1. There is no better tool than our hands. 没有比我们手更好的工具了。better是good的比较级，比较级和否定词no连用，表示肯定的含义。如：I can’t agree more.2. Hands-on fun动手的乐趣;// Learn about different kinds of hands-on activities. 了解不同种类的动手活动。// Let's explore different kinds of hands-on activities and find the fun in them. (P48)让我们探索各种动手活动，并从中找到乐趣。// It(指代DIY) helps us develop hands-on skills. (P59)它(指代DIY)帮助我们发展动手技能。// gives others a hand(P52)帮助别人。// Please hand (vt.) the tools to me. (P54) 请把工具递给我。hands-on adj.“亲自实践的，亲自动手的；”。hand n.手；协助；手艺; v. 给；传; 例句：She has a very hands-on approach.她做事总是亲力亲为。It was written by hand (n.). 这是手写的。We're in safe hands(n.).我们得到妥善的照顾。Come and give me a hand(n.帮助) in the garden.到花园里来给我搭把手。Let's give them a big hand(n.鼓掌).让我们为他们热烈鼓掌。Please hand (v.) me that book.请把那本书递给我。Welcome to the unit---Just make it!(P49) 1. I need some coloured paper, tape or glue (n.) and a pair of scissors.(P49) 我需要一些彩色纸、胶带或胶水以及一把剪刀。tape n. 胶带; vt.用胶带粘贴；当tape表示“胶带”、“磁条”或“带（磁带里的黑条条）”时是不可数名词。如：Tape is expensive and loses sound quality every time it is copied.磁带很贵，而且每被复制一次，音质就会有所降低。当tape表示“带子”、“录音磁带”或“终点线”时是可数名词。如：I have a tape of the song.我有这首歌的录音磁带。glue n.胶，胶水(不可数名词) ; vt.(用胶水)黏合，粘贴; 如：Five bottles of glue五瓶胶水Next, we glued (vt.)two buttons onto the finger parts of the gloves for the eyes.接下来，我们在手套的手指部位粘上了两个小圆片，用以模拟眼睛2. When our job is complete, we'll see some lovely roses. (page 49, Part B)当我们的工作完成时,我们就会看到一些漂亮的玫瑰。rose n.玫瑰(花) pl. roses;句中的 complete用作形容词,意思是“完成的,结束的”。如:Work on the new building will be complete at the end of the year.新大楼将于年底竣工。此外, complete还表示“完全的,全部的”。如:This is a complete surprise to me. 这完全出乎我的意料。Reading---DIY made easy(P50-53) 阅读------DIY 变得简单1. My cousin Andrew is crazy about DIY. (P50) 我的堂兄安德鲁热衷于自己动手做些东西。I'm crazy about DIY. (P53) 我对DIY 极其着迷。crazy adj.狂热的:迷恋的; be crazy about 热衷于be crazy about sth./doing sth. 如: Daniel is crazy about football/playing football.2. He loves to make or repair things around his house by himself. (P50) 他喜欢自己在家里动手制作或修理各种物品。// I enjoy doing things by myself. (P53) 我喜欢自己动手做事。by oneself=on one’s own=alone; 所以，同义句为：He loves to make or repair things around his house himself/on his own/alone.I enjoy doing things myself/on my own/alone.3. However, he is not a born handyman! (page 50, lines 2-3)然而,他并不是一个天生手巧的人!句中的 born 用作形容词,意为“天生(有某方面才能)的”。如:My brother is a born artist. 我哥哥是一个天生的艺术家。4. Once, he tried to put in a brighter light in his bedroom, but he made a mistake, and his whole house had a power cut. (page 50, lines 4-6)有一次,他试着在他的卧室安装一盏更亮的灯,但是他犯了个错误,于是他整个屋子都断电了。// But I once made a mistake and filled my house with water, Mum was unhappy. (P53) 但有一次我犯了个错误，把家里弄得满是水，妈妈很不高兴。(1)短语 put in 意思是“安装”。如:Some workers put in a new cupboard this morning.今天早晨,几名工人安装了一个新橱柜。(2)短语 make a mistake 意思是“犯错误”。如:You should be careful and not make a mistake.你应该小心点,不要犯错。5. Another time, he wanted to put up a picture on the wall, but he hit a pipe and filled the room with water. (page 50, lines 6-7)又有一次,他想在墙上挂幅画,但他敲穿了水管,弄得房间里到处都是水。// But I once made a mistake and filled my house with water, Mum was unhappy. (P53) 但有一次我犯了个错误，把家里弄得满是水，妈妈很不高兴。句中的fill用作动词,意思是“(使)充满,装满”,常用结构为fill sth. with sth. ,表示“用……装满……”; be filled with…= be full of…。如:That little boy filled his bottle with water.那个小男孩把他的瓶子装满了水。 The bus is filled with people.=The bus is full of people.中巴车上挤满了人。6. Andrew thought he was just unlucky. (P50) 安德鲁认为自己只是运气不好罢了。unlucky adj. 不幸的，不顺利的; lucky adj.幸运的；luck n.幸运；luckily adv.幸运地，顺利地unluckily adv. 不幸地，不顺利地；如: Poor David, he's very unlucky! 可怜的戴维，他很不走运。7. But his mum told him, “Stop trying to fix things all by yourself, dear.” (P50) 但他的妈妈却对他说:“亲爱的，别总是试图独自解决所有问题了。”// ask him to stop fixing things himself(P52)让他不再自己动手修理东西。stop doing sth.停止做某事/stop to do sth.停下来做某事; try to do sth.尽力做某事/try doing sth.尝试着做某事； 如: Please stop smoking./stop to have a rest. Amy tries to study Chinese well. She tries putting the key into the lock.8. Instead, he bought many books about DIY and took an online DIY course as well. (P51)相反，他买了许多关于DIY 的书籍，并参加了在线的DIY 课程。// I plan to take a course in DIY so I can do better in the future. (P53) 我打算报名参加一门DIY(自己动手做)课程，这样以后就能做得更好了。instead adv. “代替”、“反而”; instead of…“代替”、“而不是”; 如:I started to clean the shelves, but then I decided to paint them instead. (P53) 我开始清理架子，但随后我决定把它们重新粉刷一遍。I gave him advice instead of money.我给了他忠告，而不是钱。course n.课程 lesson//class//subject; course是宏观的概念，强调的是整体的学习过程和目标；lesson是微观的概念，强调的是具体的学习内容和步骤。class表示抽象意义的“课”或“上课”，侧重于课业的形式。subject意思是“学科”、“主题”或“主语”。在表示课程、学科时，它指的是广义上的学科，如物理、化学、历史等。它注重课题。如：attend lessons强调上课的过程，take courses强调选课和听课。9. Now he knows his way around all kinds of DIY. (page 51, lines.18-20)现在他对各种DIY都非常熟悉。短语 know one's way around 意思是“对…非常熟悉, 通晓”。如:She knows her way around the city since she has lived here for years.她在这个城市生活了多年,所以对这里非常熟悉。10. One day, he found my room in a mess, with books all over my bed, "You’d better have a shelf for them," he said. (P51)有一天，他发现我的房间乱七八糟,书散落满了我的床铺。“你最好给它们准备一个架子吧，”他说。// Soon the room was a complete mess. (P53) 很快，整个房间就变得一团糟了。mess n.杂乱，不整洁; in a mess 乱七八糟; 如:Your room is in a mess. Please tidy it up.你的房间那么乱，收拾一下吧。11. Now my room looks great, and it is easy for me to find my books! (page 51, lines 25-26)现在我的房间看起来很棒,我很容易就能找到我的书!本句使用的句型是“it is+形容词+for sb. + to do sth.” ,意思是“对某人来说做某事是……的”。句中的it用作形式主语, for引出逻辑主语,真正的主语是动词不定式。如:It is necessary for me to help him.对我来说帮助他是必要的。12. A floor lamp there caught my eye. (P51) 那里有一盏落地灯吸引了我的注意。// When I was nearly finished, my cat came in and a toy on the chair catch its eye. (P53) 当我快要完成时，我的猫进来了，椅子上的一个玩具吸引了它的注意。lamp n.灯; catch one's eye引起某人注意; 如: A vase on a side table caught his eye.一个放在边桌上的花瓶吸引了他的注意。nearly adv.几乎，差不多，将近; almost nearly, almost虽然都可以表示“几乎”，但是当要表示“接近”或“就要到了”时最好用nearly；当想表达“不足”或“尚差一点儿”时最好用almost. almost在修饰动词、形容词、副词和名词时，常和almost换用，但和no, none, nothing, never,连用时，只可用almost,不能用nearly。如：It's nearly impossible to solve this puzzle.解答这个谜题几乎不可能。I've almost finished my homework.我差不多完成作业了。13. I was surprised to know that he made it himself! (page 51, lines 28-29)我惊讶地得知他自己做的这盏灯!(1)本句为主从复合句,句中的that引导宾语从句。(2) surprise vt.使惊奇，使感到意外 n. 惊奇;吃惊；in surprise //to one’s surprise; adj. surprised // surprising；句中的surprised用作形容词,意为“惊讶的,惊奇的”,常见用法有be surprised to do sth.。如:The girl was surprised to find that her toy was missing.小姑娘惊讶地发现她的玩具不见了。To my surprise, Amy won the match.// She asked in surprise.14. My cousin enjoys DIY and now no DIY job seems impossible to him. (P51)我的堂兄热衷于自己动手做东西，现在任何一项DIY任务对他来说似乎都不是难事。impossible adj.不可能的; possible adj.可能的; 如: Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. 没有什么是不可能的。It always seems impossible until it’s done. 在完成之前，一切似乎都是不可能的。15. He thinks DIY is a good way to have fun and save money. (P51) 他认为 DIY是一种既能带来乐趣又能节省开支的好方法。句子DIY is a good way to have fun and save money.是动词thinks的宾语从句。动词不定式to have fun and save money作定语修饰名词way。16. Because Andrew was not old enough to do these jobs. (P52)因为安德鲁还太小，还不具备做这些工作的能力。该句是“be + adj. + enough to do sth.”句型。如：Alice was not small enough to go through the door.17. Because she didn't want Andrew to make trouble. (P52)因为她不想让安德鲁惹出麻烦。make trouble惹麻烦; 如：Some of our classmates always talk or make trouble in class。If I say no, the boss will only make trouble for me。18. He has a natural talent for DIY. (P52)他天生就有动手做东西的天赋。have a talent for有……的天赋; 如：She is proud that both her children have a talent for music. 她为自己的两个孩子都有音乐天赋感到自豪。All children have a natural talent for language learning. 儿童天生就有语言学习的天赋。19. He had someone teach him. (P52) 他请人来教他。have sb. do sth. 意为“让某人做某事”。 have sth. done表示“请别人做某事”。如：I’ll have someone repair the bike for you.我会让人为你修理自行车的。We had the machine mended just now.我们刚才请人把机器修好了。20. What does Andrew think about DIY? (P52)安德鲁对DIY 有什么看法?What does Andrew think about/of…? 安德鲁认为……怎么样？= How does Andrew like/find…? 如：What do you think about/of this shirt? = How do you like this shirt?你觉得这件衬衫怎么样?21. It jumped up to reach the toy, but hit the paint can and the can fell over. (P53) 它跳起来去够那个玩具，但撞到了油漆罐，油漆罐也倒了。can n.金属容器，塑料容器; can 情态动词=be able to; 如：I can (=am able to) reach the small can (n.) on the bookshelf.22. There was blue paint everywhere-even on my shelf. (P53) 到处都是蓝色的油漆--甚至在我的架子上也有。//I started to clean the shelves, but then I decided to paint them instead. (P53) 我开始清理架子，但随后我决定把它们重新粉刷一遍。everywhere adv. & pron.到处 =here and there; shelf n. 架子 (pl. shelves) 23. Are you looking forward to my better work? (P53) 你期待着我今后能有更出色的表现吗?look forward to sth./doing sth.期待/盼望……; 如：I look forward to your good news.//I look forward to hearing from you. better 是形容词good的比较级，修饰名词work。Grammar (P54-55) 语法(第54-55页)A Imperative sentences (P54) 肯定的祈使句：Let's put the pieces of wood together. 咱们把这些木块拼在一起吧。//Please hand the tools to me. 请把工具递给我。// Look for the chalk mark on the top of each piece.在每块积木的顶部寻找白色的粉笔标记。// Make sure pieces of the same size are in the same group.确保相同大小的积木要放在同一组里。//Cut cards out of pieces of paper with a pair of scissors. 用剪刀从纸张上剪下卡片。//Draw a picture to show the words or sentence on the other side of the card.画一幅图来展示卡片另一面的文字或句子。//Look at the picture and start/begin to say what is on the other side. 看这幅图，然后开始说出图的另一侧的内容。//Keep trying and you will find you can remember things better. 继续努力尝试，你就会发现自己的记忆力会有所提高。否定的祈使句：Don't mix them up! 不要把它们弄混了!// Please don’t give up. 请不要放弃。·当我们想要告诉人们要做某事时，我们会以动词的基本形式来开头; ·而当我们想要告诉人们不要做某事时，则会在动词前加上“Don’t”。·我们通常会在句子中加上“请”这个词以使指令更具礼貌性。B Using should and had better (P55) 使用“应该”和“最好”(第55页)1.We'd better clean the bird house first. 我们最好先把鸟舍清理干净。//You'd better not get too much paint on the brush. 你最好别让刷子沾太多颜料。//Now you should mix the paint well. 现在你应该把颜料搅拌均匀。// You shouldn't go too fast, Suzy. 苏西，你可不能动作太快哦。 当我们给他人提建议时,可以用should和had better, 表示“应该”或“最好”做某事, 后跟动词原形，而且均没有人称和数的变化。had better语气比should 强一些。注意：had better='d better; should not= shouldn't；should和had better的否定形式是:should not/shouldn't和had better not。2.Move the brush up and down slowly like me. 像我这样慢慢地上下移动画笔。up and down adv.来来回回地；往返地；prep.沿…来来回回；往返于；如： Angrily, he paced up and down the room.他生气地在房间里踱来踱去。She was moving her arms up and down.她当时正在上下挥动手臂。Word power---The prefixes un-, in- and im- (P56) 1.Suzy, your room is really untidy (adj.) -things are all over the floor. 苏西，你的房间太乱了---东西散落一地。// Sorry, Mum. I'll tidy (vi.) up soon. 对不起，妈妈。我很快就会整理好的。untidy adj.不整齐的;不整洁的; vt. 使不整洁；使凌乱；使没有条理; 如：I can 't read your untidy writing .你的字太乱,我看不懂。 The guests untidied the room. 客人们将房间弄得一塌糊涂。tidy adj. 整齐的；整洁的；相当大的; vt. 整理；使整洁;vi. 整理；收拾; 如：She keeps her house very tidy.她保持她的住所整整齐齐。You'd better tidy up before the guests arrive.客人们到达前,你最好先把东西整理一下。2.It seems some of the answers in my homework are incorrect. 似乎我作业中的有些答案是错误的。该句是“It seems +句子”结构。incorrect adj. 不正确的；correct adj. 正确的；Integration---Home-made fun (P57-60) 整合------自制的乐趣(第57-60页)1. The tie-dyeing method is to first twist a piece of cloth and tie it with thread. Then dye the material and when it is dry, untie it. The tied part stays the same colour as before, but the rest has a different colour. (P57)扎染的方法是先扭曲一块布，然后用线绑住。然后给材料染色，等它干后解开。绑住的部分保持原来的颜色，但其余部分颜色不同。 method n.方法, 可以指做某件事的具体步骤或程序，也可以指抽象概念“条理”。 如: I have a simple and easy method. 我有个简易的方法。way是个最通用最不正式的词，可以用来代替前面的任何一个词。如: He always has his own way. 他总是随心所欲。tie vt.(用线、绳等)系，拴，捆; 过去式过去分词：tied/tied现在分词：tying; n.领带; untie vt.解开; 句中tied 是形容词，意思是“被限制的、被束缚的、被捆住的”；dye vt.给…染色，染; n.染料，染液; 例句：He tied the two ropes together with a knot.他打个结把两根绳子系在一起。Her hair was tied back.她的头发扎了起来。His ankles were tied to the legs of the chair.他的脚踝都被绑到椅子腿上了。It's no use tying it, you have to glue it. 没用的，你得用胶水粘上去。She dyed her hair red. 她把头发染红了。// The dye works its way in. 染料渗透进去了。2. Today, in some parts of Yunnan Province, for example, local people still use traditional methods of tie-dyeing to make different products like scarves and bags. (P57) 今天，在云南省的一些地方，例如，当地人仍然使用传统的扎染方法来制作围巾和包等不同的产品。product n.产品; It's a product built for safety.这是一款安全型产品。use sth. to do sth.用……做……; I use my pen to write a letter.3. Tie-dyeing is not only a form of art, but also a lifestyle. (P57)扎染不仅是一种技术，更是一种生活方式。not only ... but also ... 不仅…而且…(引导主语时谓语动词就近原则。); 如：Not only Jim but also his friends are going to attend the meeting. （连接两个主语，注意谓语动词采取就近原则）；Timmy likes eating not only chicken but also fish.（连接两个宾语）；He not only read the book, but also remembered what he had read.（连接谓语动词）；Allen is not only an artist but also a great basketball player.（连接两个表语）4. I like making new things out of old ones. It can reduce waste. (P59)我喜欢用旧东西做新东西。这可以减少浪费。reduce vt. & vi. 减少; waste n.浪费; 废料; (不可数名词) ; “荒地、荒漠、凄凉的景象” (可数名词) ; 例句：It's only a waste of time to speak to her.和她说话简直是浪费时间。the wastes of the Sahara.撒哈拉的荒漠。5.Doing DIY brings me great joy. (P59)做DIY给我带来了极大的快乐。动名词短语Doing DIY作主语，谓语动词必须用单数形式，所以动词bring加s。joy n.乐趣; 高兴; 当joy表示抽象意义的欢乐或高兴等时是不可数名词；当它表示具体意义的使人高兴的人或事时是可数名词。如: It is a great joy to me. = It gives me great joy.6.On Tuesday, I went to Millie's home and we made a cute little doll from our old gloves. (P60) 周二，我去了米莉家，用我们旧手套做了一个可爱的小玩偶。glove n.手套; 常用复数；pl. gloves; 一副手套：a pair of gloves;…we made a cute little doll from our old gloves.=…we made a cute little doll out of our old gloves.7.First, we chose clean gloves with bright colours and fun patterns. (P60) 首先，我们挑选了颜色鲜艳、图案有趣的干净手套。Next, we glued (vt.) two buttons onto the finger parts of the gloves for the eyes. (P60)接下来，我们在手套的手指部位粘上了两个小圆片，用以模拟眼睛。Finally, we sewed some pieces of colourful thread above the buttons for hair. We had to be careful not to hurt ourselves. (P60) 最后，我们在纽扣上方缝了一些彩色的丝线来固定头发。我们得小心点，以免伤到自己。我们写作时通常用First, Next, Finally等这样的词来表示写作的顺序。