译林版（2024）八年级上册英语 Unit3 To be a good learner语法知识点 讲义

这是一份译林版（2024）八年级上册英语 Unit3 To be a good learner语法知识点 讲义，共14页。
译林版（2024）八年级上册英语 Unit3 To be a good learner语法知识点 讲义The joy of learning is as important in study as breathing is in running. P(34)学习的乐趣在学习中就像呼吸在跑步中一样重要。as ... as...结构,表示"和……一样”。 breath n. 呼吸; breathe v. 呼吸; 如：Fish cannot breathe out of water.鱼离开水就不能呼吸。句中breathing是动词breathe的动名词形式，在句中作主语。动词breathe的过去式: breathed 过去分词: breathed 现在分词: breathing 第三人称单数: breathes。Welcome to the unit--- Learning to learn(P35) Part A 1. Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime. P(35) 给一个人一条鱼，你只能喂他一天，教一个人如何捕鱼，你则能让他终身有食可吃。feed vt. 为……提供食物；喂养 fed /fed /feeding feed sb. (on/with) sth. “用食物喂某人或动物”= feed sth. to sb. “给某人或动物喂食物”; 如: She feeds the baby on milk.她用牛奶喂婴儿。Please feed some grass to the cow.请给牛喂点草。fish vi. 钓鱼，捕鱼 n. 鱼// lifetime n.一生，有生之年 life+ time →lifetime如:She spent her lifetime working closely with the charity so that she could help the poor. 2. A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. P(35) 千里之行，始于足下。 journey n.旅程，旅行 拓展：trip/ tour/ travel/voyagejourney指长距离的陆上旅行，侧重从A地到B地。如：The journey to Beijing takes three hours by train.乘火车去北京需要三个小时。trip指时间短、距离近的旅行。如：We went on a day trip to countryside yesterday.昨天我们去郊外一日游。tour指吃喝玩乐为目的的旅行。如：We spent four weeks touring around Europe.我们花了四个星期周游欧洲。travel指长途的旅行、游历。如：The novel is based on his travels in India.这部长篇小说是根据他的印度之行写成的。voyage指航行，尤指航海旅行，也可指航空旅行。如：The ship is not in a condition to make a long voyage.这条船的情况不宜于进行远程航行。single adj. 单个的;单身的 反义词：double adj.（大小、力量、数量等）双的,两倍的;成对的;成双的; 如: The letter was written on a single sheet of paper. 这封信只用一张纸写成。The date had a double significance. 那个日子有双重意义。begin with…以……开始; 如: The lesson begins with an English song.3. Studying is like rowing boat against moving water; if you don't move forward, you will fall behind. P(35) 学习就像逆水行舟;如果你不前进，你就会落后。against prep.逆，反对 for prep.支持; against prep. 紧靠，碰，撞; 如:We sailed against the wind.我们逆风航行。// I'm against hunting.我反对狩猎运动。Daniel was asleep against the window.丹尼尔不知不觉靠着窗户睡着了。They are all for him.他们都拥护他。// Are you for or against? 你是赞成还是反对?fall behind 落后// take the lead领先; 带头;Life is like a race. You either take the lead or fall behind.生活就像一场比赛。你要么领先，要么落后。a To reach a goal, big or small, it is important to take the first step. P(35) 要达成任何目标(无论大小)，迈出第一步都是至关重要的。 第一个动词不定式(To reach a goal, big or small,)在句中作目的状语。第二个动词不定式(to take the first step)在句中作真正的主语，用形式主语it来代替。b It is better to learn how to do something than to depend on other people to do it for you. P(35) 学会如何做某事比依赖别人为你做这件事更好。句中better是形容词good的比较级，作表语；比较的内容分别是主语to learn how to do something和to depend on other people to do it for you。depend on依赖；依靠；如: Children depend on their parents for food and clothing.儿童依赖他们的父母供给衣食。c Keep learning and trying to improve. If you stop learning, you will stop getting better. P(35)继续学习并努力提升自己。如果你停止学习，你就无法继续进步。Keep doing sth.继续做某事// try to do sth.尽力做某事// stop doing sth.停止做某事// If引导条件状语从句，主将从现。句中better是形容词good的比较级，作连系动词get的表语。Part B 1.What do you think is important for successful learning, Daniel? P(35) 你认为什么对成功学习很重要，丹尼尔?句中的 do you think是插入语,表示“你认为”,其后成分采用陈述句语序。如:Who do you think is the bravest?你认为谁最勇敢?successful adj.有成效的;成功的 successfully adv.成功地 //success n.成功// succeed vi.成功succeed in doing sth.=be successful in doing sth./ succeed with sth. 如:I wasn't very successful at keeping the news secret.我没能把这条消息严格保密。They were successful in (=succeeded in) completing the project.= They succeeded with the project.= They completed the project successfully.他们成功地完成了这个项目。His new book was a great success.他的新书获得了巨大的成功。2.For me, one thing is to have strong drive to learn. P(35) 对我来说，最重要的是有强烈的学习动力。第一个动词不定式(to have strong drive to learn)在句中作表语。第二个动词不定式(to learn)在句中作定语修饰名词drive。drive n.冲劲，本能需求 v.驾驶；驾车；开车;驾车行驶;行驶;驾驭马车；如: a drive for success.成功的动力。He is too little to drive a car. 他太小了,不能开车。I failed in the exams because the noise around almost drove me mad.3.If you're willing to learn, you'll work harder. P(35) 如果你愿意学习，你学习会更加努力。 harder是副词hard的比较级，修饰动词work。4.A good teacher will guide you on the right path. P(35) 一个好老师会引导你走上正确的道路。guide vt.指导;给某人领路(或导游) n.手册；指南；向导；导游; 路标；指向牌;If I lose my way, you guide me and cheer me on.我迷失方向时,你会引导我,鼓励我。I know the place well, so let me be your guide.我熟悉那地方。5.They'll help you learn better. P(35) 它们会帮助你更好地学习。句中better是副词well的比较级，修饰动词learn。6.I couldn't agree more. P(35) 我完全同意。比较级与否定词nothing, never, no, not等连用可表示最高级含义，表示“再没有（比---）更------的了”。 如: He didn’t listen more carefully.= He listened (the) most carefully.Reading---A love of learning (P36-39) 1.A writer, scientist, inventor and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, Benjamin franklin was a man of many talents and one of the most famous people of the 18th century. (P36)本杰明·富兰克林是一位作家、科学家、发明家，也是美国的开国元勋之一。他才智出众，是18世纪最著名的人物之一。// Even in his late 70s, he invented a type of special glasses to help him see better. P(37) 即使在他70多岁时，他还发明了一种特殊的眼镜来帮助他看得更清楚。// Steve, a middle school student, is well known for inventing an amazing language learning app. (P39)史蒂夫是一名中学生，他因发明了一款令人惊叹的语言学习应用程序而闻名。// Franklin did not make money from any of his inventions but let people use them for free. (page 37, lines 28-29)富兰克林没有从他的任何发明中获利,而是让人们免费使 用它们。// He was also an inventor and made many useful things for daily life. (P42) 他还是一位发明家，发明了许多日常生活中的实用物品。// He was also an inventor and made many useful things for daily life. (P42) 他还是一位发明家，发明了许多日常生活中的实用物品。// Steve has a talent for working with computers. (P39) 史蒂夫在计算机方面有出色的能力。inventor n.发明家 invention n.发明; 发明物;创意; invent vt. 发明;talent n.天资，才能;有才能的人 talented adj.天资聪颖的;有才能的; 如:The composer prefers music as his musical talent is amazing.The talented artist carved an interesting decoration from this piece of tree root. 天才的艺术家把这块树根雕成一件有趣的装饰品。century n.世纪，百年 pl. centuries; found vt.创建;建立 build//set up; 拓展：found//build//set upfound指的是成立、创办，主要用于创立机构、组织或理论，着重找基础，用基金创设；且含有所建立的只是初步的，仍有待于进一步的发展和完善的意思。如：They founded a college.他们创办了一所大学。build主要指修建、建筑，常带house, road, bridge, socialism, hope等。如：The house is built of wood.这房子是用木头建造的。set up着重表示开始，草创。可以用来指建立组织、机构等。如：A new government was set up after the war.新政府于战后成立。2.From a young age, Franklin's great love of learning set him apart from many others. (page 36, lines 6-7)富兰克林从小就酷爱学习,这使他与众不同。短语set sb./sth. apart from sb./sth. 意思是“使……与众不同,使……突出”。如:Her writing style sets her apart from other writers.她的写作风格使她有别于其他作家。set/ set/ setting; set an example to sb.意为“树立一个榜样给某人”，介词to侧重于为人典范；//set an example for sb.意为“为某人树立了榜样”，介词for侧重于以身作则。如:Steve's story sets a good example for us all. (P39) 史蒂夫的故事为我们所有人树立了一个很好的榜样。3.As one of 17 children in a big family, Franklin had only two years of education before he had to start work. P(36) 作为大家庭中的十七个孩子之一，富兰克林在上学前就接受了两年的教育，之后便不得不开始工作。第一个had “有”的意思；第二个had和后边的to构成情态动词，“不得不，必须”的意思。4.While working in his brother's print shop, Franklin taught himself by reading a lot. (page 36, lines 10-12)在他哥哥的印刷厂工作期间,富兰克林通过大量阅读自学。// As a young man, he worked as a printer and kept developing his skills as a writer.(P42) 年轻时，他从事印刷工作，并不断提升自己的写作技能。print n.印刷行业 v. 印刷; 打印; printer n.印刷工，印刷商; 打印机;himself pron.他自己; 短语 teach oneself by doing sth.=learn sth. by oneself意思是“通过做某事自学”。如:I teach myself how to play the piano by watching videos.我通过观看视频自学弹钢琴。= I learn how to play the piano by watching videos by myself.5.He often borrowed books from booksellers and stayed up very late in order to return them early the next day. (P36) 他经常从书商那里借书，并熬夜到很晚，以便第二天一早归还。bookseller n.书商 book+ seller →bookseller; return vi.归还 return vi. 返回=go back;in order to意思是“以便；为了；因此”=so as to…=so that…; 引导目的状语从句。如:I dream of a long holiday in order to have more spare time for my hobbies. =I dream of a long holiday so that I can have more spare time for my hobbies. She spent her lifetime working closely with the charity so that she could help the poor. Moreover, we need more computers in the library so that it is easier for us to search online. (U2 P32)此外，图书馆还需要更多的电脑，这样我们就能更方便地上网搜索了。6.Curious about the world around him, Franklin once became interested in studying storms. P(37)弗兰克林对周围的世界充满好奇，他曾对研究风暴产生了兴趣。// After he got home, Steve was curious about finding a way to make daily conversation in another language easier. (P39) 他回到家后，史蒂夫很好奇想找到一种方法，让日常对话更容易用另一种语言进行。curious adj.好奇的 be curious about…对……感到好奇; 如:Babies are curious about everything around them.storm n.暴风雨stormy adj. 暴风雨的;激烈的;粗暴的; On a stormy night, people stay at home.在暴风雨的夜晚，人们都呆在家里。conversation n.交谈，谈话; 拓展：conversation // talkconversation的意思是“谈话，会谈”，指两个或两个以上的人非正式地互相交换意见、思想、消息，侧重于“交流”(信息的共享和社交互动); 一般指非正式谈话。如：I listened to their conversation. 我倾听他们的谈话。talk的基本意思是“说话，谈话，谈论”，不仅有名词词性，还有动词词性；指通过说话交换意见、思想、消息等；用以强调情况严重程度。如：Let’s have a talk.//I need to talk to you about something important.7.Then he found out that storms moved from one place to another, his findings helped predict the weather. P(37) 之后他发现风暴会从一个地方移动到另一个地方。他的这些发现有助于预测天气。storms moved from one place to another 是that 引导的宾语从句，作谓语动词found out的宾语。finding n. 调查发现 find v. 发现；predict vt.预测；8.What's more, Franklin had a great love for science, so his countless invention came as no surprise.(page 37, lines 25-26)而且,富兰克林酷爱科学,因此,他有数不清的发明也就不足为奇了。// Steve and his parents can't speak a word of Italian, and they are not good at English, so it came as no surprise that they ran into countless problems during their trip. (P39)史蒂夫和他的父母都不会说意大利语，而且他们英语也不好，所以他们在旅行中遇到了无数的问题就不足为奇。短语 come as no surprise 意思是“不足为奇”。如:These research findings may come as no surprise to doctors.这些研究发现对医生来说可能不足为奇。countless adj.数不尽的 count v. 数数; Italian n.意大利语; 意大利人India n. 印度;invention n.发明; 发明物;创意; inventor n.发明者 invent vt. 发明; come as no surprise不足为奇; 如：It came as no surprise to learn that they broke their promises.得知他们食言并不让人觉得意外。9.Even in his late 70s, he invented a type of special glasses to help him see better. P(37) 即使在他70多岁时，他还发明了一种特殊的眼镜来帮助他看得更清楚。// Steve, a middle school student, is well known for inventing an amazing language learning app. (P39)史蒂夫是一名中学生，他因发明了一款令人惊叹的语言学习应用程序而闻名。表示人的不确切岁数或年代，用几十的复数形式表示。 如：He became a teacher in his thirties．他三十多岁时成为了老师。 invent vt. 发明; invention n.发明; 发明物;创意; inventor n.发明者; 句中better是副词well的比较级，修饰动词see。be well known for…=be famous for…;10.Franklin did not make money from any of his inventions but let people use them for free. (page 37, lines 28-29)富兰克林没有从他的任何发明中获利,而是让人们免费使用它们。// What's more, anyone can use the app for free. (P39) 此外，任何人都可以免费使用这款应用程序。 短语for free 意思是“免费”。如:Children under seven years old can see the show for free.七岁以下的儿童可以免费观看表演。11.His greatness goes further than that. P(37) 他的伟大之处远不止于此。// This is his greatest gift to the world. P(37)这是他给予世界的最珍贵的礼物。greatness n.伟大 great adj.“伟大的”，“出色的”; 如：I admire him for his greatness.我敬佩他的高尚。Greatness sits easily on him.他的伟大是与生俱来的。a great big Italian wedding.一场盛大的意大利式婚礼。He did a great job.他做得很好。 further是far的比较级，修饰动词go。12.As a lifelong learner, he saw learning as an exciting and endless journey, full of wonder and success. P(37) 作为一个终身学习者，他认为学习是一段充满惊奇和成功的、永无止境的旅程。// Find your interest and work hard, and you may meet with great success. (P39)找到自己的兴趣所在，然后努力去做，你或许就能取得巨大的成功。lifelong adj.终身的 life+ long →lifelong；learner n.学习者learn v.学习“祈使句，and +句子”的用法是：祈使句+and+简单句（一般将来时）。这种结构相当于if引导的条件句，整个句子可以改为含if的复合句。如：Now stop blowing and you’ll find the glass clear again.= If you stop blowing, you’ll find the glass clear again.Find your interest and work hard, and you may meet with great success.= If you find your interest and work hard, you may meet with great success.13.This is his greatest gift to the world. P(37)这是他给予世界的最珍贵的礼物。// His idea for developing the app came from a trip to Italy with his parents. (P39) 他开发这款应用程序的想法源于他与父母一起去意大利旅行的经历。 the greatest gift to the world. 给予世界的最珍贵的礼物。// a trip to Italy去意大利的旅行。14.They could not express themselves clearly and almost missed their plane home. (P39) 他们无法清晰地表达自己的想法，差点就错过了回家的航班。themselves pron.他们(她们、它们)自己; express oneself表达自己的想法;15.He developed an app half a year later, it can translate your mother language into over 20 languages and help you teach yourself languages. (P39) 半年后，他开发了一款应用程序，它能够将你的母语翻译成超过20多种语言，并帮助你自学语言。develop v. 发展，加强development n. 发展，加强;translate vt. &vi.翻译 translation n. 翻译; 译文；译本；译作；如：  The girl translated the diary into many languages.His translation is very excellent.他的译文非常出色。…and help you teach yourself languages.= …and help you learn languages by yourself.Grammar(P40-41) B Reflexive pronouns (P41) 1.Learning should be fun. But you may ask, "How can I enjoy myself when learning?" (P41)学习应该是有趣的。但是，你可能会问:“我怎样才能在学东西的时候玩得开心呢?” enjoy oneself=have fun=have a good time玩得高兴，过得愉快; How can I enjoy myself when learning?= How can I have fun(=have a good time) when learning?2.You can learn an interesting skill by yourself. (P41)你可以自己学习一门有趣的技能。learn sth. by oneself= teach oneself sth.自学; yourself pron.你自己;yourselves pron.你们自己 原句= You can teach yourself an interesting skill.3.My friend Linda is interested in art and she enjoys teaching herself paper-cutting. (P41)我的朋友琳达对艺术很感兴趣，她喜欢自学剪纸。teach oneself sth.=learn sth. by oneself自学= My friend Linda shows an interest in art and she enjoys learning paper-cutting by herself.4.Don't worry if learning something new seems difficult, just do it! (P41)如果学习新东西似乎很困难时不要担心，只要去做就行! If引导条件状语从句；动名词短语learning something new作主语，谓语动词是seems。5.So let's set goals for ourselves and take the first step. (P41)所以让我们为自己设定目标，迈出第一步。// She often cooks some simple dishes for herself when she is alone at home. (P41) 当她独自在家时，她经常为自己做一些简单的菜肴。for oneself （用作副词）亲自，独自，独立（做……），相当于 without being helped; 为了自己; 如：You’d better go and see for yourself.你最好亲自去看看。Part B1 1.Our English teacher Mr. Wu taught himself to play the piano. (P41) 我们的英语老师吴先生自学弹奏钢琴。= Our English teacher Mr. Wu learnt to play the piano by himself.2.He even records himself playing the piano every day. (P41) 他甚至每天都会录制自己弹钢琴的过程。 record vt. & vi. 录制; vi.记录; n.记录; 纪录; a record-breaker破纪录者;We record our thoughts and experiences in diaries.我们把自己的思想和经验记录在日记中。3.Sandy and I feel encouraged. (P41) 桑迪和我都深受鼓舞。// Akeelah and the Bee is an encouraging film about a young girl's goal to win a spelling competition. (P47)《阿基拉与蜜蜂》是一部鼓舞人心的电影，讲述了一个小女孩赢得拼写比赛的目标。encouraged adj.受到鼓舞的；信心大增的; 被鼓励的；当动词encourage的过去式过去分词时含义为：鼓励；支持；促进；激发; encouraging adj.鼓励的，赞助的，促进的; 当动词encourage的现在分词时含义为：鼓励；支持；促进；激发; 如：I feel encouraged to be with you.和你在一起使我勇气十足。Her success encouraged me to try the same thing.她的成功鼓励我尝试做同样的事。The new company has made an encouraging start.那家新公司已经做出了令人鼓舞的开端。4.We wish we could learn something by ourselves too. (P41) 我们也希望能自己学到一些东西。= We wish we could teach ourselves something too.5.At weekends, they often make themselves a cup of tea and read a book by the window. (P41) 在周末，他们经常为自己泡一杯茶，在窗边读书。make oneself使自己//make oneself at home让某人感觉宾至如归的；make oneself后通常加动词的过去分词,表示使自己处于某种状态或完成某种行为。例如：“make myself understood”意味着“设法让别人理解我”，其中“understood”是动词“understand”的过去分词。I try to make myself understood by using gestures.我试图用手势使他们理解我。Word power (P42)---The suffixes -er -or and –istPart A 1. owner//publisher出版者；发行人; 出版社；出版商; // interviewer采访者//reader读者//singer// photographer // manager经理//stranger外来者，陌生人// writer//planner//winner//swimmer…// visitor…// artist// pianist// biologist//scientist//dentist…etc. 2. manage v.---manager n.manage vt. & vi. 设法完成；管理; manage to do sth.（成功做某事，是有明确结果的。）manager n.经理; Perhaps you should manage your time better. Daniel is the manager of the big company in Beijing.Part B 1.A slashie is someone good at many different jobs. (page 42, Part B)“斜杠族”是指擅长许多不同工作的人。斜杠,也就是符号“/”,英文是slash。“斜杠族”最早是由美国专栏作家玛希·埃尔博尔在《成就斜杠人生》一书中提出来的概念,用来区分和指代拥有多重职业和身份的人。由于该人群以年轻人为主, 所以slashie也经常被人们译为“斜杠青年”。 "-ie"结尾的词在英语里经常给人一种很俏皮又流行的感觉，比如:I am a foodie.我是个吃货。//He is a hippie.他是个嬉皮士。//Let's take a selfie.来拍个塑料姐妹花的自拍。2.Today, there are more and more chances for people to develop their interests in different areas. (P42) 如今，人们有了越来越多的机会去发展自己在不同领域的兴趣爱好。more and more越来越多的; “比较级+and+比较级”结构，表示“越来越……”; 如：richer and richer//stronger and stronger//more and more interesting…etc3.So, we'll see even more slashies in the future. (P42) 因此，未来我们将会看到更多的“斜杠族”(指同时拥有多种职业或兴趣爱好的人)。句中more是形容词many的比较级，修饰名词slashies。Integration---Lessons in language learning (P43-46) Part A 1.Zhao Yuanren could speak over 30 Chinese dialects and some foreign languages like English, French and German. (P43) 赵元任能够熟练掌握30多种中国方言以及英语、法语和德语等外语。dialect n.方言;2.Besides his great talent and strong interest in languages, Zhao had useful ways to learn language. (P43) 除了拥有卓越的语言天赋和浓厚的语言学习兴趣之外，赵还有实用的学习语言的方法。besides prep.除…之外 (还)（排除的对象包括在内）; except prep. 除……以外（排除的对象不包括在内）; except for强调的是整体和局部的差别。如：Besides English, I also learn French and Japanese. English包括在我所学习的语言这一群体里边。//Everyone is here except Tom.大家都到了而Tom没有到，他不属于everyone这个群体。// Your competition is wonderful except for some spelling mistakes. 你的作文写得不错，除了一点点拼写错误。3.Zhao thought it was important to spend as much time as possible reading, speaking and listening to the language. (P43) 他认为，尽可能多地阅读、口语交流和听力练习对于学习语言至关重要。// I think you should try to listen to English as often as possible. (page 45,Part C)我认为你应该尽可能经常听英语。possible adj.可能的; impossible adj. 不可能的; as ... as possible 尽可能……; 短语 as much time as possible意思是“尽可能时间多的”; as often as possible意思是“尽可能经常”;类似表达还有as quickly/much/soon as possible,意思是“尽量快/多/早”。如:You need to finish the task as quickly as possible.你们需要尽可能快地完成任务。He did as much as possible to help the old man.他尽可能多地帮助那个老人。To make some progress, you should go over what you learn as often as possible.4.Every time he went to a new place, he would talk with the locals. (P43) 每次去到一个新的地方，他都会与当地人交流。Every time= Each time=Whenever;“无论何时”; talk with sb.5.He quickly learnt their language by putting himself in the language environment. (P43) 他通过置身于语言环境中来迅速掌握当地语言。put oneself in…置身于……; put oneself in one’s shoes站在某人的立场着想;如: He would understand his parents’ decision if he put himself in their shoes.如果他和他的父母换位思考，他就会明白他们为什么做这个决定了。6.Also, Zhao always carried a pen and paper with him to write down useful sentences. (P43) 此外，赵总是随身携带一支笔和一张纸，以便记下有用的句子。sentence n.句子； make a sentence 造句；write down写下，记下；7.Zhao believed that it was best to focus on learning sentences rather than single words. (P43) 赵认为，专注于学习句子要比专注于单个单词更有益。it was best to focus on learning sentences rather than single words是that引导的宾语从句，作谓语动词believed的宾语。best是good的最高级；focus on专注于；rather than 而不是rather than sth./do sth.Millie prefers to go on a trip rather than stay at home.8.It is hard to learn a new language, but if we do it the right way, it will be a lot easier. (P43) 学习一门新语言并非易事，但如果我们采用正确的方法，就会变得容易得多。 It is +adj. + to do sth.//if引导的条件状语从句(主将从现).程度副词a lot修饰比较级easier。9.Do you find it difficult to study grammar? (P44) 你发现学习语法难吗？//Grammar is hard to learn but it is important. (P44)语法很难学，但是很重要。// Don't worry, Amy, Many people find English hard to learn. (P45) 别担心，艾米，很多人觉得英语很难学。 find +名词/代词等+ adj.; 如：We all find it interesting to take part in the activity.grammar n.语法grammatical adj. 文法的;符合语法规则的; 如：I went to grammar school.我上了文法学校。// grammatical rules语法规则10.Can reading help us improve our English? 阅读能帮助我们提高英语吗？ 情态动词can之后跟的动词原形是help, reading是名词作主语。11.I believe through listening, reading, writing and speaking I can improve my language skills as a whole. (P44) 我相信通过听、读、写和说，我可以全面提高我的语言技能。as a whole整体而言；总体上；总的来说；如：We must consider these matters as a whole.我们必须从整体上考虑这些事情。12.There are many online shows with people talking in English. (P45) 有很多在线节目，人们用英语交谈。句中talking是现在分词作状语表示主动的动作修饰逻辑主语名词people；如：There are many famous people talking about their life.13.But remember, you don't have to understand every word, try(v.) to focus on the main idea of a talk or speech. (P45) 但请记住，你不必理解每个单词。尝试专注于谈话或演讲的主要思想。// Try (v.) to pronounce each word correctly. (P45) 试着把每个单词都念正确。//I'll have a try(n.). 我会试试。// I spent 10 minutes listening to English on a language learning app on my phone, then another 10 minutes practising my pronunciation. (P46) 我花了10分钟在手机上的语言学习应用程序上听英语，然后又花了10分钟练习我的发音。//After two months, my pronunciation became a lot better. (P46) 两个月后，我的发音变得好多了。pronounce vt.发音; pronunciation n.发音; speech n.演讲;说话的能力 speak v. 说; 拓展：speech//lecture//talk//reportspeech普通用词，指在公众面前作的“演讲、发言”，可以是事先准备的，也可以是即席的。如：make a speech发表演说Several people made speeches at the wedding.有几个人在婚礼上讲了话。lecture侧重带学术性的演讲，多指学术方面的“演讲、报告”。 如：attend a lecture出席演讲会// give a lecture做演讲talk 常用词, 多指一般性的“讲话、谈话”; 强调非正式讲话，讲话方式一般较为自由。如：give a talk发表讲话report 一般是指下级给上级或负责人给委托机关的书面或口头报告。如：make a report 作报告 a school report 成绩报告单correctly adv.正确地 correct adj.正确的; 如：That's correct.没错。Did I pronounce your name correctly? 你的名字我读得对不对？14.How about reading English aloud every morning? (P45) 每天早上大声朗读英语怎么样?aloud adv.出声地;大声地 loudly adv.大声地aloud//loud// loudly拓展：aloud // loudly // loudaloud adv.　　可作副词，意思为“出声地”或“大声地”。aloud作“出声地”含义时，主要与read, think等连用，表示声音可以被听到。作“大声地”含义时，主要与shout, call, cry等词连用。如：He read her letter aloud to the rest of the family.他把她的信大声读给家人听。The little boy is crying aloud.那个小男孩哭的很厉害。loudly　　副词，意为“响亮地、大声的”，既可与发音器官连用，还可以与ring , knock等动词连用。loudly 放在动词前后均可，含有“喧闹”或者“嘈杂”的含义。如：　　Someone knocked loudly at the door.有人大声敲门。　　She spoke very loudly.她说话的声音很大。　　Don't talk so loudly.别这么高声说话。loud　　作副词讲：意为“响亮地”、“大声”或“高声地”，指音量大，传播距离较远。一般多用来修饰 speak，talk，laugh 等动词，主要指说话声、笑声和爆炸声等等。常用比较级形式。如：　　Try to sing louder.试着再大点儿声唱。　　Could you speak a little louder, please?请你说话大声一点，好吗?　　I heard a loud bang and then saw black smoke.我听到砰的一声巨响，接着就看到了黑烟。　　另外，loud作形容词讲, 意为“大声的;响亮的”。 如：　　I couldn't hear what he said because the music was so loud.我听不见他说些什么，因为音乐的声音太大了。　　I heard a loud crash in the kitchen.我听到厨房有一声巨响。15.To my surprise, they could not understand my English, and I had to repeat myself many times. (P46) 令我惊讶的是，他们听不懂我的英语，我不得不多次重复自己的话。to one's surprise 令某人惊讶的是；repeat vt.重复；16.I then decided to make a plan to improve my English. (P46) 然后我决定制定一个计划来提高我的英语水平。decide to do sth. 决定做某事// make a plan to do sth. 制定计划做某事。17.I still follow this plan and now I am happy that I can express myself in English very well. (P46) 我仍然遵循这个计划，现在我很高兴我能用英语很好地表达自己。I can express myself in English very well是that引导的宾语从句，作be happy的宾语。express oneself表达自己; 如：Amy expressed herself clearly in the speech.18.Practice makes perfect, I even work as a volunteer to help foreign tourists in my free time. (P46) 熟能生巧，我甚至在空闲时间做志愿者帮助外国游客。Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。（谚语）tourist n.游客，观光者； tour v. 旅游，游览；tour+ ist→tourist n. 类似用法还有：artist// pianist// biologist//scientist//dentist…etc. 如：They're going on a world tour. 他们正在环球旅行。The tourist complained that the room was too dirty. 游客抱怨说房间太脏了。