英语选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists精品习题

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（广西钦州市示范性高中2024年春季学期第三阶段考试）Our recmmended list f envirnmental bks cvers a brad range f tpics. These must-read envirnmental bks are sure t spark the interest f the greenest bks.
Silent Spring
Written by Rachel Carsn, Silent Spring highlights the effects f pesticides (杀虫剂) n the envirnment, especially DDT, which was a very ppular insecticide until it was finally banned in 1972. The bk eventually led t a change in the United States’ pesticide plicy and cntributed t the creatin f the Envirnmental Prtectin Agency.
N One Is T Small t Make a Difference.
This bk cllects 11 speeches made by climate activist Greta Thunberg, highlighting the issue f climate change and its impact n future generatins. Greta Thunberg was 15 when she started the Schl Strike fr Climate, als knwn as Fridays fr Future. She inspired prtests wrldwide.
The Uninhabitable Earth
This bk by David Wallace Wells examines the disasters that have already ccurred and lks ahead t the year 2100 and what climate change will d if we cntinue n ur current path. Its pening line is incredibly telling: “It is wrse, much wrse, than yu think.”
The End f Nature
Published in 1989, the bk describes the relatinship between nature and humans. It expresses the idea that nature was previusly independent f humans but has nw been affected by them in every way. Accrding t authr Bill McKibben, the idea f wilderness is lst, and nature is n lnger cmplete.
1. Which bk brught the envirnment t the gvernment’s attentin?
A. Silent Spring.B. The End f Nature.
C. The Uninhabitable Earth.D. N One Is T Small t Make a Difference.
2. What feeling des the authr display in The Uninhabitable Earth?
A. Curisity.B. Cncern.C. Annyance.D. Disappintment.
3. Which f the fllwing is Bill McKibben’s idea?
A. Nature will nt exist any lnger.B. Wild animals are disappearing fast.
C. Human activities are destrying nature.D. Climate change affects future generatins.
B
（河北省保定市高碑店市崇德实验中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期末）Alice Hwland leads a busy life. She’s a famus prfessr f psychlgy at Harvard University and als in great demand as a speaker at seminars and cnferences.
As the stry begins, Alice has traveled t Stanfrd University t give a talk. She begins sharing infrmatin that she has shared a thusand times befre; she needs n ntes. Then suddenly, a wrd escapes frm her. The pause seems t last frever while she struggles t find the wrd. Finally, she clumsily uses the wrd “stuff” and cntinues, thinking the slip is due t the jet lag as she finishes her talk.
Back hme, Alice decides t g fr a run. She fllws a familiar rute, but ut f the blue (出乎意外) it isn’t familiar. She knws she is in Harvard Square but has n idea which way is hme. She begins t panic. Then as suddenly as her sense f directin left her, it’s back again. She rapidly walks the distance t her huse.
Alice cntinues t experience ther small mistakes nw and then. But it isn’t until they becme mre and mre frequent that she has a series f tests cnfirming that she has early-nset Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔兹海默症).
As Alice’s cnditin wrsens, she lses the ability t enjy bks and mvies because she can n lnger fllw the plts. She desn’t knw hw t spend her days. The nce famus expert in linguistics (语言学), wh was used t a busy schedule, suddenly has nthing really t d. She depends n her husband, Jhn, and their three grwn children, but she lses tuch with everyne else.
Althugh life was disappearing fr Alice, it was mving n fr her family. Anna, ne f her daughters, has twins. Alice’s husband, a successful scientist in his wn field, decides t accept a psitin in New Yrk City and mve there leaving Alice with their children. Nt lng befre he leaves, Jhn takes Alice t their beach huse fr ne last vacatin. While there, Alice has a clear mment and tells Jhn that she remembers him and that she was smart nce. Jhn assures her that she is the smartest persn he has ever knwn, and Alice replies that she misses herself. With Jhn gne, a nurse cmes t take care f Alice, wh n lnger recgnizes her wn children. Her daughters help care fr her every day.
4 What des Alice think causes her mistake when giving a talk at Stanfrd University?
A. The lng plane trip.B. Her clumsiness.
C. Her frgetting the ntes.D. The busy schedule.
5. What des Alice feel when she first gets lst in her neighbrhd?
A. Embarrassed.B. Frightened.
C. Thrilled.D. Annyed.
6. Hw des Alice realize she may be ill?
A. She can’t enjy bks and mvies.
B. She gets lst while jgging.
C. Her husband decides t g t New Yrk.
D. She keeps frgetting familiar things.
7. Why des Alice say “she misses herself”?
A. She can’t remember herself.
B. She blames her husband.
C. She is quite lnely every day.
D. She feels srry fr herself.
C
（广东省惠州市丰湖高级中学2023-2024学年高二下学期第二次段考）In a classrm in rural Kenya’s Rift Valley, a student, Priscilla Sitienei, takes ntes alngside her fellw classmates. She wears the same schl unifrm. Hwever, there is smething different.
Sitienei is mre than 80 years lder than them. February 11 was Sitienei’s ninety-ninth birthday. “The main reasn fr my returning t schl was that I wuld like t becme a dctr because I used t be a midwife (助产士),” she said. She added that her children supprted her decisin.
Back in 2003, the gvernment f the East African cuntry began helping t pay fr the cst f primary schling. This has allwed sme lder members f sciety, wh had missed ut n educatin in their yunger days, t g back t schl.
This has given Sitienei mre than an educatin. She has becme a film star. Sitienei travelled t Paris last year fr the launch (发布) f a film abut her jurney. It is titled Gg, which means grandmther in her native Kalenjin language. She will als be heading t New Yrk City sn fr a shwing f the film there.
Sitienei is in her sixth year f primary schl. She said her aims were far mre practical than becming a mvie star. She said, “I als enjy schl activities, including physical educatin classes. They keep me fit. I get t jump arund, even thugh nt as much as they d, but I at least mve my bdy. That is my jy.”
Sitienei shares her wide experience and knwledge with the children. Her teachers als use her experience t keep the peace during lessns. Her class teacher, Lenida Talaam, said, “I use Sitienei t help cntrl the class. And it wrks! When I g utside, the class remains silent.”
8. What des Sitienei mainly intend t d by ging t schl?
A. Take up a new career.B. Make herself ppular.
C. Have mre classmates.D. Return t sciety.
9. Why did Sitienei g t Paris last year?
A. She wanted t meet her grandma.B. She wanted t learn the native language.
C. Her mvie wuld cme ut there.D. Her new jurney plan was t be annunced.
10. Which f the fllwing best describes Sitienei?
A. Dependent.B. Creative.C. Hnest.D. Energetic.
11. What des Sitienei help her teachers d?
A. Keep rder in class.B. Organize schl activities.
C. Stp the students ging ut.D. Inspire the students t wrk ut.
D
（安徽省萧县鹏程中学2023-2024学年高二下学期第一次月考）T everyne’s surprise, Huawei launched the newest handset, the Mate 60 Pr, equipped with a 5G applicatin prcessr and satellite phne functin, withut any prir annuncement. This left many Chinese feeling amazed.
With the internatinal situatin becming increasingly challenging, Huawei was encuntering significant financial issues. Fr instance, its revenue (收入) in 2021 declined nearly 30 percent, accrding t its annual reprt. Fr a cmpany like Huawei, this was a majr shck and culd pse a persistent prblem that needed immediate attentin. Therefre, it was crucial fr Huawei t have its wn cre technlgy, especially when it came t chips. Develping chips is a lengthy, demanding, and labr-intensive (劳动密集型的) prcess, but this didn’t stp Huawei. Instead f purchasing r leasing prducts frm ther cuntries, Huawei decided t invest heavily in research and develpment.
Huawei’s difficulties are similar t thse faced by mdern China in its early days. During that time, China lacked advanced technlgy. Despite this, China managed t develp its wn atmic bmbs, aircraft carriers, satellites, and fighter jets starting frm zer. These advancements guided the cuntry t prsperity and pwer.
With a determined attitude and united team, Huawei has been successful in breaking free frm the chains f past difficulties. In this cntext, Huawei is “a light cane that has passed the muntains”.
As a strm f truble apprached, Huawei chse t cnfrnt it rather than give up. Huawei’s attitude f struggling and pushing ahead is the best presentatin f the Chinese natinal spirit and serves as an example fr thers t fllw. In the face f life’s unknwn challenges, the key is t lk ahead and nt give in.
12. What’s the mst imprtant thing fr Huawei t slve prblems?
A. Independently develping chips.
B. Purchasing prducts frm ther cuntries.
C. Investing in ther industries.
D. Raising a large amunt f funds.
13. Why did the authr mentin the fur advancements in the third paragraph?
A. Thanks t advanced technlgy, China has develped its wn atmic bmbs.
B. Even in the face f varius difficulties, Huawei is bund t succeed.
C. Advancements f atmic bmbs guided the cuntry t prsperity and pwer.
D. Huawei has passed the muntains t slve the significant financial issues.
14. Accrding t the passage, what des the underlined wrd mean?
A. escape frmB. understand.C. separateD. challenge
15. What’s the best title f the passage?
A. Huawei have the same difficulties as thers.
B. Huawei encunters financial issue
C. Huawei vercmes challenges
D. Huawei launched the Mate 60 Pr.
二、七选五
（福建省厦门市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末英语质检）Althugh many f us may accept in thery that failure is a necessary cmpnent f all learning and grwth, in practice, ___16___. We may knw that we need a grwth mindset in rder t develp, but failure remains an experience that is ften assciated with shame.
There are varius reasns why we may fear failure. ___17___. When we fail at smething, ur self-image suffers. We may feel wrthless, and we may criticize urselves fr ur failure. If we fail publicly, ur failure will be visible t thers. We may fear ther peple’s judgment. We may fear that ur failure will impact r end ur career, r else that it will damage ur fame.
Hw, then, can we vercme ur fear f failure s that we can truly benefit frm what failing has t teach us?
___18___. Reminding yurself that there is n grwth withut failure — n learning, n develpment, n new experiences — can help yu see what yu dislike in a new light. Be pen t learning frm failure fr verall develpment.
___19___. Try t learn a new skill r hbby — a sprt, cking, dancing, drawing, playing an instrument — and be kind t yurself in the learning prcess. Mindfully allw yurself t fail, t try again, t fail again but better, and try again, until yu get smewhere.
Keep a little diary in which yu recrd what yur failures have taught yu. Instead f feeling srry fr yurself when yu fail, ask yurself: What can I learn frm this experience? And remember: ___20___.
A. we can easily make the mst f it
B. Lk at yur attitudes abut failing
C. we ften struggle greatly with failing
D. Build yur failure muscle gently in a safe space
E. Fear may prevent yu frm seeking new experiences
F. While it is hard t fail, it is much wrse never t have tried t succeed
G. Perhaps the mst cmmn is that ur self-wrth tends t be tied t success
三、完形填空
（河南省商丘市二十校2023-2024学年高二下学期期中联考）N ne expected Jamie MCrazy t live after her fall. The chances f ____21____ were slim when her brain started bleeding in eight spts. Family and friends ____22____, hping fr a miracle (奇迹) but fearing the wrst. .
She had been ____23____ in freestyle skiing’s Wrld Tur Finals in Canada when disaster struck. Having successfully cmpleted her ____24____ run, ranking furth in the standings, she increased the difficulty fr her secnd and final run. Hwever, her ____25____ landed first, lying there uncnscius (无意识的).
Ten days after the ____26____, at the age f 22, she pened her eyes. Althugh she nly ____27____ them fr a few secnds, they were enugh t add a little ____28____ t the darkest days. Six weeks later, she culd recgnize her parents.
The ____29____ was slw, ften painful. There were physical and mental prblems t vercme. The _____30_____ challenges she faced were the easiest while her emtins were greatly affected. It tk her five years t _____31_____ recver frm the accident.
“That des nt mean my _____32_____ has t be wrse. I viewed it as climbing a muntain. The views n the tp might be even mre _____33_____,” MCrazy said.
Her life gal nw is t _____34_____ thers wh have suffered traumatic (创伤性的) brain injuries, _____35_____ a nn-prfit rganizatin MCrazy Strng with her mther fr the purpse f giving back.
21. A. winningB. survivalC. prfitD. training
22 A. disagreedB. smiledC. waitedD. fell
23. A. cmpetingB. teachingC. swimmingD. walking
24. A. firstB. secndC. thirdD. furth
25. A. armsB. headC. feetD. back
26. A. rderB. fightC. wrkD. accident
27. A. penedB. clsedC. tuchedD. narrwed
28. A. waterB. styleC. lightD. gratitude
29. A. serviceB. speedC. tripD. recvery
30. A. academicB. physicalC. mentalD. similar
31. A. barelyB. ptentiallyC. emtinallyD. immediately
32. A. lifeB. familyC. heartD. incme
33. A. scientificB. detailedC. distantD. amazing
34. A. defeatB. helpC. emplyD. bther
35. A. breaking dwnB. figuring utC. searching frD. setting up
语法填空
（黑龙江省方正县高楞高级中学校2023-2024学年高二下学期期末）阅读下而短文，在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Amng many changes the COVID-19 pandemic has brught ____36____ the U. S., ne is a pssible mve clser t a cashless sciety.
Since mre peple decided t stay hme when the crnavirus utbreak spread, they were spending ____37____(little) mney than befre. If peple were ut, fear f catching the virus kept them frm ____38____(tuch) many things, including lse change at the register.
Unfrtunately, a mve t a cashless sciety culd cause prblems fr sme cmmunities. Abut 8% f Americans dn’t have a checking accunt. Abut 18% f Americans rely n alternative banking ____39____(slutin), like a check cashing lcatin, even thugh they have a savings r checking accunt. S these peple rely n cash ____40____(purchase) gds and services.
“Fr thse ____41____ have the ptin t mve away frm cash t credit cards, there will be fewer prblems,” said Harvard business prfessr Shelle Santana. “But there are ____42____ number f peple wh dn’t have the ability t d that substitutin (替换), and thse are the vulnerable (易受影响的) peple in the cmmunity.”
While ____43____(cnvenient) is an advantage f using a card r electrnic payment, everything smene purchases ____44____(track) and dcumented. Cash, hwever, _____45_____(prtect) the user’s privacy and desn’t leave a ftprint behind.
五、应用文写作
46．（2024年北京市第一次普通高中学业水平合格性考试）根据题目所提出的具体要求，在答题卡上写出一篇连贯完整的英语短文。词数不少于60。
假设你是李华，你校本周一举行了消防演练(fire drill)活动。请给校报英语专栏写一篇稿件，记录演练过程并表达感想。可参考如下内容。
开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。
·g ut f the classrm when hearing the fire alarm g ff
·g dwnstairs, use a twel t cver the nse and muth
·take us three minutes t reach the sprts field
·the firemen praise us
·…
In rder t raise ur safety awareness and practise ur skills fr self-prtectin, we had a fire drill in ur schl this Mnday.
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六、读后续写
47．（江苏省无锡市普通高中2021-2022学年高二下学期期终调研）请阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文
What if yu were deaf? What if yu were sick with cancer? What if yu were suffering frm bth? What wuld be yur last wish?
Kenneth was the right unfrtunate by whse single mther was bth deaf and seriusly sick with hpeless cancer. Hw eager her mther was t hear, enjy, and appreciate the mst beautiful sund f the wrld! Fr her, it undubtedly came frm her belved 15-year-ld sn — Kenneth.
Kenneth was sent by his mther t a famus pian teacher wh tk him in under her guidance, and Kenneth was devted t each pian lessns and practiced extremely hard. Hwever, there was ne small prblem. Kenneth was nt music ally talented and therefre was very slw in learning. The teacher didn’t have much faith in the by because f his weakness. Hwever, his mther was very enthusiastic and every week she wuld send Kenneth t the teacher.
Then ne day Kenneth stpped attending the pian lessns. The teacher thught that he had given up and in fact she was quite pleased since she did nt give much hpe t Kenneth.
Nt lng after, the pian teacher was given the task t rganize a pian cncert in the twn. She sent ut leaflets t invite the students and public t attend the event. Suddenly, she received a call frm Kenneth wh ffered t take part in the cncert. The teacher tld him that he was nt gd enugh and that he was n lnger a student since he had stpped cming fr lessns. Kenneth begged her t give him a chance and prmised that he wuld nt let her dwn.
Finally, she gave in and she put him t play last, hping that he wuld change his mind at the last minute.
When the big day came, the cncert hall was crwded with excited peple. The perfrmance was wnderful, the atmsphere was warm, everyne was in a celebratry md, indulging (沉浸) in the wnderful music feast, and the applause and cheers were warmly received.
注意:
1. 续写词数应为150左右:
2. 续写部分分为两段, 每段的开头语已为你写好.
Paragraph 1:
Finally, it was Kenneth’s turn t play.
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Paragraph 2:
After the perfrmance, the pian teacher asked Kenneth hw he managed t play s brilliantly.
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