英语选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists优秀课件ppt

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Learning bjectives:
At the end f this lessn, students are able t:1. T get infrmatin abut hw Jhn Snw defeated chlera2. T summarize stages f scientific research3. T talk abut the significance and cntributin f Jhn’s wrk;4. Learn Jhn Snw’s research prcess and analyze his characters;5. Express yur idea n the given tpic thrugh creative thinking;
Lead-in：
Are yu familiar with these situatins ?
Get vaccinated
Self-islatin
Psitive measures are taken by humans t fight against COVID-19.
crnavirus[kəˈrəʊnəvairəs]
It was discvered in the human bdy in 2019. The virus is generally characterised by fever, dry cugh and gradually dyspnea(逐渐出现呼吸困难). The virus was cnfirmed t be with the phenmenn f human transmissin and have latent infectin. The disease had n specific treatment at that time, s it brke ut in 2020 and swept the glbe.
Besides crnavirus, what ther kinds f epidemics (流行病) d yu knw?
plague[pleiɡ]
Ebla [iˈbəʊlə]
malaria [məˈleriə]
Wh Helped Defeat Malaria?
There are sme great scientific achievements that have changed the wrld. Name sme famus scientists yu knw and tell smething abut them.
She is the first Chinese Nbel laureate (荣誉获得者) in physilgy r medicine and the first female citizen f the Peple’s Republic f China t receive a Nbel Prize in any categry (范畴), as well as the first Chinese persn t receive the Lasker Award.
Stephen Hawking (1942-2018)British scientist
wrked n astrnmy and studied black hles in space
Zhng Nanshan
wh has been cmmitted t the study, preventin and treatment f majr respiratry (呼吸道的) diseases and significantly cntributed t the COVID-19 fight, was recmmended fr the Medal f the Republic nminatin.
What are the symptms (症状) f Chlera？
It begins in the stmach and a severe case can lead t death withut immediate treatment.
Many years ag, the chlera in the wrld killed millins f peple. Peple were very afraid f it, but they didn’t knw what t d. Luckily, a yung dctr decided t find ut hw t prevent and treat the disease. Finally, the dctr wn the battle.
Hw did he win the battle?
Pre-reading：
What will be talked abut frm the title ?
Jhn Snw Defeats“King Chlera”
The text is mainly abut ___________ and _____ he defeated ____________.
king chlera
scientific research
What rder wuld yu put them in?
Stages f Scientific Research
______ analyse the results ______ ask a questin______ draw a cnclusin ______ cllect data ______ find a prblem ______ find supprting evidence______ think f a methd
While-reading：
Read the whle text quickly and match the main ideas.
Jhn Snw desired t destry chlera.
Jhn Snw decided t prve the secnd thery.
Snw began his study by marking n the map.
Truth f the infectin f chlera.
Snw's cntributins.
draw a cnclusin
find a prblem
ask a questin
cllect data
find supprting evidence
What causes chlera?
Which thery is crrect?
Mark infrmatin n a map t find ut where peple died r did nt die.
Find ther evidence t cnfirm the cnclusin.
The water is t blame. The surce f all drinking water shuld be examined s that it is safe.
It was believed that chlera was caused by bad ____ r germs in ____________.
Snw _______________ the places where the peple wh _____ had lived.
Many deaths ccurred near the ___________ in Brad Street.
Sme peple _______ drunk the water frm the pump, and lived.
A wman and her daughter died in anther part f Lndn after ___________________________.
The pump water carried _____________.
The _______ f the pump was remved.
marked n a map
chlera germs
water frm the pump
N death happened here.
multiple deaths happened here.
Clue: free beer frm public huse
Public huse
The water frm the pump was t blame.
Result:The water came frm the river which had been plluted by the dirty water frm Lndn.
A _________dctr wh even attend _______________when she gave birth.
He had desire t ________________nce and fr all.
Queen Victria
destry chlera
Thugh being famus, he was still devted t defeating “King Chlera”
Research backgrund
Find the prblem
It's ne f ______________________ in the wrld, because it causes _______________________________.
_____________________ (when), an utbreak f chlera hit ________ milins f peple ____________________.
He rse t becme _______________ , and even __________ Queen Victria when she gave birth.
Jhn Snw became ___________ because n ne knew _____________________________.
Hwever, he had a desire t ______________ nce and fr all.
the mst feared diseases
severe diarrhea and dehydratin
In the early 19th century
died frm the disease
hw t prevent r treat chlera
a famus dctr
attended t
destry chlera
The first thery
The secnd thery
Chlera was caused by _________________.
Chlera was caused by _______________________________________________________________.
an infectin frm the germs in fd r water.
He needed prf .
Snw subscribed t the ________ thery.
Tw cntradictry theries
Ask a questin
Thery ne:caused by ________
Thery tw:caused by _______
cughsneezerunny nselung
diarrheadehydratin
Snw subscribed t the secnd thery.
A map f Brad Street-”Chlera Map”
Think f a methd& cllect data
Many deaths happened here.
N deaths happened here.
Snw suspected that the water pump was t blame.
The pump water carried ______________
The ________ f the pump was remved.
investigated
drinking the pump water
Find supprting evidence
cnclusin evidence prcess slutin theries
What caused the utbreak f chlera in Lndn in 1854?
Para. 4: The truth was that the water frm the Brad Street pump had been infected by waste. … Sme cmpanies sld water frm the River Thames that was plluted by raw waste.
Water cmpanies sld water frm the River Thames that was plluted by raw waste, causing peple wh drank this water t get chlera.
What cntributins did Jhn Snw make?
Water cmpanies began t sell clean water.The threat f chlera arund the wrld decreased.He helped peple knw hw t prevent chlera.Snw transfrmed the way scientists study diseases.
The Father f Mdern Epidemilgy
Was chlera defeated cmpletely?
Hw t prevent the chlera?
T prevent chlera frm spreading, we'd better drink pure r biled water and eat clean fd.
Pst-reading：
what can we human d t prevent r fight these diseases?
1. Drink biled water r ck fd thrughly2. Wash hands and keep clean
Strengthen publicity and imprve awareness f haelthy
Invest mre n medical affairs
Keep a banlance between ecnmical develpment and envirnmental prtectin
In ur daily life, in rder nt t get infected with the infectius disease, such as chlera, AIDS, SARS,COVID-19 ,what shuld we d？
Heal the fd left vernight
Wash hands ften
Keep away frm flies
chse fresh sea fd
Keep the kitchen clean
deal with rubbish prperly.
Drink biled water
Dn't frget t wear a mask when yu g ut.
As a dctr, he helped us t ____________________.
As a scientist, he fund ut _________________________.
Evaluatin f Jhn Snw
what caused chlera
prevent chlera
What qualities d yu think Jhn Snw has?
determinatin
selflessness
critical thinking
Cmmn characteristics
What qualities d yu need t be a scientist?.
Human prgress n epidemic research
Language Pints
Chlera used t be ne f the mst feared diseases in the wrld, until a British dctr, Jhn Snw, shwed hw it culd be vercme.
在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。 (Para. 1, Line 1)
until 引导 __________ 从句， hw 引导 _____ 从句。
I didn’t g dwnstairs until the windw had t be shut.I stayed awake n purpse until half past eleven in rder t have a gd lk at the mn by myself.
until 表示“直到…为止”，主句的谓语动词为延续性动词，主句为肯定句；nt … until 表示“直到…才”，主句的谓语动词为短暂性动词，主句为否定句。
nt until 用于一般疑问句型中
It wasn’t until he finished his hmewrk that he went t bed. (改为一般疑问句)Was it nt until he finished his hmewrk that he went t bed?
强调句的一般疑问句形式：Is / Was it ＋ 被强调部分＋ that ＋句子的其余部分
He didn’t g t bed until he cmpleted his hmewrk. (对画线部分进行强调)
nt until 用于强调句型中
要强调until后面的部分：①需要把until部分提前 ②还要把nt一起提前
→ It wasn’t until he cmpleted his hmewrk that he went t bed.
It wasn’t until ＋ 句子的其余部分
nt until 用于倒装结构
1. The students didn’t stp talking until the teacher came in.2. The sprts meet will nt be held until next week.
→ Nt until the teacher came in did the students stp talking.
→ ______ ______ next week _____ the sprts meet be held.
Nt until
2. One thery was that bad air caused the disease. 本句中that bad air caused the disease是that引导的表语从句, that在从句中不作成分, 没有意义, 只起连接作用。 e.g. My dream was that I culd have a three-bedrm huse in that city. 我曾经梦想能在那个城市有个三居室的房子。【思考】请找出课文中的表语从句。1) The ther was that chlera was caused by an infectin frm germs in fd r water.2) It seemed that the wman liked the water frm the pump s much that she had it delivered t her huse every day.3) The truth was that the water frm the Brad Street pump had been infected by waste.
3. He discvered that in tw particular streets the chlera utbreak was s severe that mre than 500 peple died in ten days. 他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。(Para. 2, Line 5)
s … that … 意为“如此……以至于……”，用来引导结果状语从句。
It seemed that the wman liked the water frm the pump s much that she had it delivered t her huse every day. 该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。 (Para. 3, Line 14)
Observe and Find
1. It rained s heavily that we had t stay at hme.2. The questin is s difficult that we can nt wrk it ut.3. It is s busy a day that we dn’t g swimming.
主语 + 实义动词 + s + 副词 + that 从句
主语 + 系动词（be, becme, feel 等）+ s + 形容词 + that 从句
主语 + 系动词 + s + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词 + that 从句
4. I have made s many mistakes that I must stay at hme t reflect n them.5. What a pity! We have gt s little mney that we can nt eat at restaurants.6. The shirt cst s much that I did nt want t take it.
主语 + 谓语 + s + many / few + 可数名词复数 + that 从句
主语 + 谓语 + s + much / little + 不可数名词 + that 从句
主语 + 谓语 + s + many (much, few, little) + that 从句
s ... that 用于倒装结构
这个演讲者如此紧张，以至于双腿发抖。（翻译）
→ The speaker was s nervus that his legs were trembling.
→ S nervus was the speaker that his legs were trembling.
4. It seemed that the wman liked the water frm the pump s much that she had it delivered t her huse every day.
have sth. dne 结构
s….that 引导结果状语从句
It seemed that … “看来……”, that引导表语从句
have sth. dne 使某事被……(可能是主语自己做，也可能是让别人做); (主语)遭遇/ 经历某种不幸的事have sth. dne 结构中，过去分词作宾补。用过去分词作宾补表示被动或动作已经完成。have sth. dne 可表四种不同的意义：(1) (主语) 请/ 派别人完成某事； (2) (主语) 完成某事(可能参与)；(3) (主语) 遭受某种不幸的情况；(4) 用于否定句中，表示“不允许…”“不让”
have sb. t sth.= get sb. t d sth. 使某人去做某事have sb. ding sth. 使某人做某事(动作延续)
【语境应用】完成句子。1) I need a new passprt s I will have t have my phtgraph _______ (take). 我需要一个新护照，所以我得去让人给我照相。2) Yu’d better have the ld furniture __________ (remve) ut f the rm. 你最好找人把这些旧家具从房间里搬出去。
5. the way+定语从句way作“方式，方法”讲，后接定语从句。(1) 关系词在从句中作状语时，关系词用that, in which或省略。e.g. The way (that/ in which) he did it attracted me.(2) 关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，关系词用that或which (作宾语时关系词可省略)。e.g. I did it in the way (that/ which) yu tld me.
【语境应用】完成句子。1) it’s surprising hw much simple mvements f the bdy can affect the way _____________ we think. 令人惊讶的是，这么简单的身体运动会影响我们的思考方式。2) Even n TV and the radi yu will hear differences in ___________________. 即使在电视和收音机里，你也会听到人们说话方式的差异。
(that/ in which)
the way peple speak