(新高考)高考英语一轮复习课时作业选择性必修二 Unit 1 Science and Scientists (含解析)

　UNIT 1　Science and Scientists

A组·基础巩固

Ⅰ.  语法填空

A

Way back in 1674, a frog helped Antonie van Leeuwenhoek make an incredible discovery. Antonie was an amateur scientist from Holland, so fascinated by microscopes 1. ________ he'd built some of his own. One rainy day, as he went for a walk, a leaping frog 2. ________ (draw) his attention to a puddle.

Antonie collected a drop of puddle water and put it 3. ________ his microscope. He was amazed 4. ________ (see) a whole community of creatures swimming in this one drop — tiny beings no one had ever seen before.

These tiny beings, called microbes, are everywhere: in dirt, in food and on your kitchen table. People 5. ________ (cover) in them, too. 6. ________ you were to count all the microbes on and inside your body, you would find your body has more microbes than the world has people — over 6 billion!

Microbes can't survive on 7. ________ (they) own. They need food. After 8. ________ (settle) into a home — you, for instance — they steal vitamins and other nutrients and leave behind dead cells and poisonous liquids called toxins. Some microbes can make you sick. People usually call these ones germs. 9. ________ (lucky) for you, there are more 10. ________(help) microbes, working together to keep you healthy, than bad ones.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，通过安东尼用显微镜发现水滴中的微生物引出话题，指出微生物无处不在，但大多数微生物对人类是有益的。

1. that　考查连词。句意：安东尼是一位来自荷兰的业余科学家，他对显微镜太入迷了以至于他自己做了几个。根据so可知本空应用that引导结果状语从句。

2. drew　考查动词时态。句意：在一个雨天，他散步的时候，一只跳跃的青蛙使他注意到一个水坑。根据One rainy day可知，本句应用一般过去时，故填drew。

3. under　考查介词。句意：安东尼收集了一滴水坑的水，并把它放在他的显微镜下。根据常识可知，要把物体放到显微镜下面观察，故应用介词under“在……下面”。

4. to see　考查不定式。句意：他吃惊地看见一整个生物群落正在这一滴水中游动。be amazed to do sth.为固定用法，意为“吃惊地做某事”。

5. are covered　考查动词时态和语态。根据语境可知，此处讲述客观事实，应用一般现在时；本句中的cover和主语People之间是被动关系，故应用一般现在时的被动语态，故填are covered。

6. If　考查连词。句意：如果你要数你身体上和身体内所有的微生物，你会发现你的身体有比世界上的人数还要多的微生物——超过60亿！根据语境可知，本空应用连词If引导条件状语从句。

7. their　考查代词。on one's own为固定用法，意为“单独地，独自地”。

8. settling　考查动名词。句意：在宿主——比如你——体内定居后，它们会偷走维生素和其他营养物质，留下死细胞和被称为毒素的有毒液体。介词After后要用动名词形式，故本空应填settling。

9. Luckily　考查副词。句意：对你来说幸运的是，比起有害的微生物，有更多的有益微生物共同努力让你保持健康。副词Luckily放在句首，修饰整个句子。

10. helpful　考查形容词。根据语境可知，本空应用形容词修饰名词microbes，故应填形容词helpful。

B

Imagine flying through space in a rocket. When you land, you hop right onto the moon. With virtual reality (VR), students don't need 1. ________ (imagine) it. They can experience it and don't even have to leave 2. ________ (they) classroom.

Many teachers are starting to use VR. Monica is a third­grade teacher, 3. ________ works at Borough School,  in Morris Plains,  New Jersey. Her students 4. ________ (witness) the 1969 moon landing with VR. “Some students were full of 5. ________ (anxious). They thought they were going to get dizzy，” she said, “but they loved it.” Katelyn was 10 when she tried it. She liked going to the moon better than 6. ________ (look) at pictures of the event. “It was so 7. ________ (wonder) and so lifelike，” she says.

Virtual reality allows users to explore a 3D setting with a computer. They wear a headset over their eyes and sometimes wear headphones for sound. Users say it feels 8. ________ jumping into a video game.

Some parents and teachers 9. ________ (concern) about VR. The first problem is the cost because many schools do not have enough money for the headsets. The 10. ________ problem is that it may be too much technology for young eyes and young minds.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是在高科技教室里， 虚拟现实技术可以使学生们不用离开教室就能亲身体验像登月这样的重大事件。

1. to imagine　考查动词不定式。根据前面的don't need可知， 此处need为实义动词， 后接动词不定式作宾语。

2. their　考查形容词性物主代词。此处作名词classroom的定语， 故要用their。

3. who　考查定语从句。根据句子结构可知， 此处为非限制性定语从句， 先行词为a third­grade teacher, 在从句中作主语， 故要用who。

4. witnessed　考查动词时态。根据后面的详细描述可知， 此处为过去发生的行为， 故要用一般过去时。

5. anxiety　考查名词。此处作动词短语be full of的宾语， 故要用名词形式。

6. looking　考查动词的­ing形式。根据句子结构可知， 此处要与going to the moon保持一致， 也就是说比较对象要保持一致。

7. wonderful　考查形容词。此处为系动词was的表语， 且前面有so修饰， 故要用形容词形式。

8. like　考查介词。固定搭配feel like doing ... “感觉像是……”。

9. are concerned　考查固定搭配。固定搭配be concerned about“关心， 担心， 挂念”。

10. second　考查序数词。根据前面的The first problem可知， 此处应该表示“第二个问题是……”。

Ⅱ.  根据提示补全句子

1.  所有乘客在登机前必须把行李进行安检。(have sth. done)

All the passengers are required to have_their_luggage_checked before boarding the plane.

2. 倾听别人时，不要忘记轻轻点头以表示你是感兴趣的。(状语从句的省略)

When_listening_to_others,don't forget to nod slightly once in a while to show you are interested.

3.  我经常做疯狂的梦，梦见此事故是我造成的。(blame)

I often had crazy dreams in_which_I_was_to_blame_for_the_accident.

 4.  似乎任何事情都不能使他的信心受挫。(seem)

It_seemed_that nothing could dent his confidence. 

5. 当老板不在时，他负责整个公司。(charge)

He was_in_charge_of/took_charge_of_the_company while the boss was absent. 

B组·能力提升

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

A

When it comes time for the holiday shopping season, we're extra choosy about the countless technology products that we will buy and give to friends and family. Here are three tech gifts that impressed editors, reporters and producers the most.

Lumos Matrix

I recently bought a Lumos Matrix helmet (头盔) ($229) with built­in lights to make riding my bike at night a lot safer and less stressful. It's a regular pain point for bikers like me to make sure absent­minded drivers see you, especially when it's dark. This definitely helps.

—Matt McFarland, Writer

Goodreads app

Although this isn't a gift, the free Goodreads app is a game changer. At the beginning of this year, I promised myself I'd read at least one new book every month. I set a goal of 12 books on Goodreads and used it to track my progress, keep a list of books I'm interested in and check out what friends and others on the app were recommending. I read 35 books this year! (That's up from five books last year.) Goodreads feels like one of the rare feel­good social networks.

—Kaya Yurieff, Tech Reporter

Ember coffee cup

I drink my coffee slowly so it has routinely cooled halfway. For my birthday, my mum bought me a cup ($99), which keeps my coffee warm until I finish it without trips to the microwave for reheating. I can also set the specific temperature I want. It makes my mornings so much easier.

—Millie Dent, Intern

1. What is the main advantage of the Lumos Matrix helmet?

A. Helping drivers concentrate.

B. Managing the bad weather.

C. Making night riding safer.

D. Making bikers feel less pain.

2. What does the writer mean by referring to the Goodreads app as “a game changer”？

A. It changes some readers' reading rules.

B. It provides readers with free Internet games.

C. It limits the number of books a reader can read.

D. It inspires readers to read more through interactions.

3. Which of the following can best describe the Ember coffee cup?

A. Eco­friendly. B. Convenient.

C. Expensive. D. Simple.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了三个最受欢迎的科技类礼物——Lumos Matrix头盔，Goodreads应用和Ember咖啡杯。

1. C　细节理解题。根据Lumos Matrix部分中的“I recently bought a Lumos Matrix helmet (头盔)($229) with built­in lights to make riding my bike at night a lot safer and less stressful.”可知，Lumos Matrix头盔的优势是有内置灯，这样可以让夜间骑行更安全。

2. D　推理判断题。根据Goodreads app部分中的“keep a list of books I'm interested in and check out what friends and others on the app were recommending”和“Goodreads feels like one of the rare feel­good social networks”可知，Goodreads这一应用可以记录读者的阅读历史并且在该应用上可以看到朋友或者其他读者推荐的书，该应用通过网上互动来激励读者读更多的书，故D项正确。

3. B　推理判断题。根据Ember coffee cup部分中的“which keeps my coffee warm ... set the specific temperature I want”可知该咖啡杯可以保温并且用户可以设定想要的温度，这是非常方便的。故选B。

B

In the trailer (拖车式房屋), Sischo was refreshing the snails' (蜗牛) accommodations — an  ongoing routine that takes days of careful work.  He had found a dozen of Achatinella bulimoides — a third of the world's population of the species.  Once every individual was accounted for, he cleaned the cage and packed in new leaves.  The work took much trouble, but the responsibility, he said, was like “a heavy weight sitting on you”.

The trailer is very vulnerable.  It's designed to keep away would­be thieved, and to resist hurricanes.  But a fire could easily destroy it, or a disease could sweep through it.  Last September, a mysterious pathogen (病原体) appeared to have entered the trailer on leaves fed to the snails, killing almost an entire species.  As sad as the event is, there's no good way to insure against future catastrophes.  The snails can't simply be spread among zoos or other facilities. They need special equipment, experienced handlers, and a diet of native Hawaiian plants.

Consequently, it can be hard for the snails' minders to relax, even when they are outside the trailer.  “How do you switch off when your decisions mean existence or extinction？” Sischo said.  While action lightens the burden, yet with animals whose natural history is largely unknown, that action can be dangerous.  “If you do it wrong, the snails die.”

Snails are neither intelligent nor beloved.  Sischo's friends sometimes tease him about being “the strange snail guy”； strangers ask why he cares.  It's hard to convince people, but he insists that if he can just get them in the trailer, they will understand why the Achatinella bulimoides are worth saving.  “People melt，” he said. “When you show them that the entire population is in this chamber, it hits them.”

4.  What is the trailer used for?

A.  Accommodating guests. 

B.  Sheltering snails.

C.  Planting vegetables.

D.  Alarming thieves.

5.  What does the underlined word “vulnerable” mean in Paragraph 2?

A.  Quiet.   　　　　 B.  Safe.

C.  Easily affected.    D.  Well protected.

6.  What is the snail minders' attitude towards their job?

A.  Relaxed.    B.  Confident.

C.  Cautious.   D.  Disapproving.

7.  Which of the following could be the best title for the text?

A.  The Last of Its Kind 

B.  The Worst of Times

C.  Mourn Its Loss 

D.  Resist Possible Danger

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了为了拯救濒临灭绝的蜗牛物种，人类为它们制作了特殊的设备——拖车式房屋，有经验丰富的驯养员来看护它们，提供给它们来自夏威夷本地的一种植物来吃，这些都有益于蜗牛的保护。

4.  B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It's designed to keep away would­be thieved, and to resist hurricanes.  But a fire could easily destroy it, or a disease could sweep through it.”以及“As sad as the event is, there's no good way to insure against future catastrophes.  The snails can't simply be spread among zoos or other facilities. They need special equipment ... ”可知，拖车房屋很脆弱，它的设计是为了避免可能被盗，抵御飓风。但是火灾很容易摧毁它，疾病可以席卷它。但没有好的办法来防止未来的灾难。蜗牛不能简单地在动物园或其他设施中生存。它们需要特殊的设备。这个特殊的设备就是the trailer。由此可推知，the trailer 是给蜗牛住的房子，是收容蜗牛，为其遮风挡雨的。分析选项可知，B项符合题意。

5.  C　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的内容 “It's designed to keep away would­be thieved, and to resist hurricanes.  But a fire could easily destroy it, or a disease could sweep through it.  Last September, a mysterious pathogen (病原体) appeared to have entered the trailer on leaves fed to the snails, killing almost an entire species.”可推知，这种拖车房屋很容易被火烧，疾病可摧毁它，所以它是易受其他因素影响的。故选C。

6.  C　推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知，蜗牛看护者对待它们的态度是谨慎小心的。分析选项可知，C项符合题意，故选C。

7.  A　标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“He had found a dozen of Achatinella bulimoides — a third of the world's population of the species.”以及第二段中的“Last September, a mysterious pathogen (病原体) appeared to have entered the trailer on leaves fed to the snails, killing almost an entire species.”还有第三段中的“‘How do you switch off when your decisions mean existence or extinction？’Sischo said.”可推知，这种蜗牛的数量极少。分析选项可知A项为短文最佳标题。故选A。

Ⅱ.  完形填空

FedEx driver Ari Kadin was making his rounds near a pond in Rockwall, Texas. Suddenly, he heard a(n)   1   sound, just like a cry for help. About 15 feet from the frozen banks was the   2   of that cry — a brown­and­white dog,   3   to grasp a thin layer of ice. An elderly man had already come to her   4  . He'd entered the pond in a rowboat and was breaking the ice with a rock to   5   a path to the dog. It was   6   going, and Kadin, 42, thought he stood a better   7  .

Kadin slid to go   8   the rowboat and used the elderly man's rock to hit the ice   9  ， only to slip off the boat, falling into 16 feet of freezing water. He  10   

in time to see the dog going under. He swam about five feet toward her,   11   her collar, and pulled her to the ice. He then   12   the dog into the boat and slid it back to the shore, where   13   bystanders rushed the dog to the home of the rowboat owner, a retired vet. A few more minutes in the pond, the vet told Kadin, and the dog would have likely   14   cardiac arrest (心脏骤停)．

The next day, Kadin was back working the same neighbourhood when the dog jumped on him and   15   him in wet kisses. “That special delivery was the highlight of my FedEx career.” says Kadin.

1. A. familiar　　　　 B. sweet

C. strange D. weak

2. A. access B. appearance

C. resource D. source

3. A. struggling B. hesitating

C. managing D. expecting

4. A. rescue B. attraction

C. companion D. concern

5. A. spot B. block

C. create D. repair

6. A. fast B. effective

C. slow D. urgent

7. A. approach B. conclusion

C. solution D. chance

8. A. off B. aboard

C. across D. around

9. A. violently B. slightly

C. frequently D. blindly

10. A. rearranged B. resurfaced

C. responded D. recovered

11. A. took control of B. caught sight of

C. took possession of D. grabbed hold of

12. A. squeezed B. pushed

C. persuaded D. forced

13. A. anxious B. innocent

C. guilty D. casual

14. A. tolerated B. prevented

C. beaten D. suffered

15. A. begged B. bathed

C. wrapped D. teased

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了FedEx 司机Ari Kadin救了一只落入冰河中的小狗的故事。

1. C　根据下文“just like a cry for help”可知是听到了奇怪的声音。其他选项不符合语境。故选C。

2. D　根据下文可知Kadin之前听到的奇怪叫喊声的来源就是河里那条狗。故选D。

3. A　根据下文“to grasp a thin layer of ice”可知狗掉进了河里，挣扎着想抓住一层薄薄的冰。故选A。

4. A　根据上文“An elderly man had already come to her”可知，狗掉进了河里，一个老人已经要去救这只狗了。短语come to one's rescue“救援”。故选A。

5. C　根据上文“breaking the ice”可知老人拿石头砸开冰面是为了给狗创造一条路出来。故选C。

6. C　根据上文老人拿石头砸冰面可知进展很缓慢，再根据下文Kadin亲自去救援也可得知。故选C。

7. D　根据下文Kadin自己去救狗可知他认为自己的机会更大。短语stand a better chance“有更大的机会”。故选D。

8. B　根据下文“the rowboat and used the elderly man's rock”可知Kadin溜上了划艇，用老人的岩石猛烈地撞击冰面。短语go aboard表示“上船”。故选B。

9. A　上文中提到老人拿石头砸冰面进展缓慢，可推知冰很厚，需要用力猛烈地撞击才可以。故选A。

10. B　根据上文“see the dog going under”可知Kadin掉进了水里，故此处是指他浮出了水面才能看见狗下沉。故选B。

11. D　根据下文“and pulled her to the ice”可知他抓住了狗的项圈。故选D。

12. B　根据下文“the dog into the boat”可知是把狗推到(pushed)了船上。故选B。

13. A　岸边的人都等待着狗被救上来，故此处应用“焦急”来描述符合语境。故选A。

14. D　根据下文“cardiac arrest(心脏骤停)”可知如果再在池塘里多待几分钟，这只狗很可能会遭受心脏骤停。故选D。

15. B　根据下文“in wet kisses”可知狗用舌头舔Kadin，形容好像在给Kadin洗澡一样，湿漉漉地。用bath更为恰当。故选B。