04 必背语法 语法专练-2024-2025学年八年级英语下册必背必记知识点（人教版2024）

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2024-2025学年八年级英语下册必背必记知识点（人教版）04 必背语法+语法专练必背语法一、 询问某人的健康问运及遭到麻烦的表达方法(1)询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时，常用以下几种结构来表达：What’s the matter (with sb．)?（某人）怎么了？What’s wrong (with sb．)?（某人）怎么了？What’s the trouble (with sb．)?（某人）出什么事了？What happened (to sb．)?（某人）发生了什么事？Are you OK?你没事吧？Is there anything wrong with sb.？某人有什么事吗？(2)要表达身体疼痛或不舒服，可用以下结构：①某人+have/has+病症．The twins have colds．双胞胎感冒了。Sb.+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache.She had a stomachache last night．她昨晚肚子痛。③某人+have/has+a+sore+发病部位． He has a sore throat．他喉咙痛。④某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词． He hurt his leg.他的腿受伤了。⑤某部位+hurt(s).My head hurts badly．我头痛得厉害。⑥某人+have/has+a pain+in one’s+身体部位， I have a pain in my chest．我胸口痛。⑦(There is)something wrong with one’s+身体部位．There is something wrong with my right eye．．我的右眼有毛病。二、情态动词should的用法1．Should为情态动词，意为“应该；应当”，否定式为shouldn’t，其后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化。常用来表示征询意见、建议、劝告、要求或义务等。 You should drink hot water with honey．你应该喝加有蜂蜜的开水。 He should put his head back他应该把头后仰。We should try our best to help him.我们应当尽力去帮助他。 You shouldn‘t watch TV.你不应该看电视。2．Should用于主语为第一人称的疑问句，表示征询意见。 Should I put some medicine on it?我应当给它敷上药吗？ Should we tell her about it?我们应该告诉她这件事吗？【拓展】在英语中，表示建议的说法有很多，而且都是中考考查的重点。主要结构有：①Would you like (to do) sth．？你想要／愿意（做）某事吗？Would you like to play basketball with me?你想要和我一起打篮球吗？②Shall I/we do sth ?我／我们做„„好吗？Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow?明天我们去动物园，好吗？③Why not do sth ?为什么不„„呢？Why not join us?为什么不加入到我们当中来呢？④How/What about doing sth ?做某事怎么样？ How about going swimming?去游泳怎么样？⑤Let’s do sth让我们做„„吧。Let’s go home．咱们回家吧。⑥You’d better (not) do sth你最好（不）要做某事。You’d better not go there alone．你最好不要独自去那儿。三、动词不定式A. 作主语——为避免句子的头重脚轻，常用it作为形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式后置。 常用句型：It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth./It takes sb. some time to do sth.B. 作宾语——动词want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare„常接动词不定式作宾语。C. 作（后置）定语——常用于“have/has＋sth.＋to do”或“enough＋名＋to do”“It’s time to do sth.”等结构中。D. 作宾语补足语——tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，构成tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.结构。【注意】动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to：“一感(feel)，二听(listen to, hear)，三让(let, make, have,，四看(look at, see, watch, notice)，半帮助(help)”。E. 动词不定式作状语主要用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因。为了强调目的，有时可以把动词不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加in order (to) 或so as (to) “为了，目的是”。常用结构有too + adj./adv. + to do sth.等。F. 固定句式中动词不定式的用法 常见的形式有：had better (not) do sth./Would you like to do sth.?/Why not do sth.?/Would you please (not) do sth.?等。四、Could you please...?句型（1）请求别人时通常用此句型，也可以说：Can you...please?情态动词could或can在这里均表示请求，在意思上无区别，但是用could在于其上显得更委婉、客气、诚恳。在日常生活中常使用could you/I...?若在句末加上please，则显得更礼貌。Could you help me find my book,please?你能帮我找到我的书吗？（2）对could you/I...?的问句作出肯定回答，常用“sure/certainly/of course”等；如果作否定回答，常用“sorry或oh,please don’t”。 一般不用no开头，用no显得语气生硬、不礼貌。（3）表示请求的句式：Would you like to do...? Would you mind doing...? Let’s do.... Shall I/we do...?Please do...(祈使句前加please)提示：could you please...与could I Please...两种问句，前者是请求别人帮忙的句式，后者是有礼貌地向别人请求允许的交际用语。试比较：Could you please help me?请你帮我一下好吗？Could I please invite my friends to my birthday party,Mom? 妈妈， 我能邀请我的朋友参加我的生日聚会吗？五、until, so that ,although引导的状语从句（1）until：在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到„„时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到„„才„„”, “在„„以前不„„”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。Don‟t get off until the bus stops.（2）so that引导目的状语从句（为了，以便）例如：He studies hard so that he could work better in the future（3）although的用法意思相当于though（尽管，虽然），引导让步状语从句。引导的从句不能与并列连词but，and， so等连用，但可以和yet， still等词连用。 例如：Although he was tired, he went on working.尽管他很累，但是他继续工作。六、过去进行时1. 基本概念：过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间除有上下文暗示以外, 一般用时间状语来表示。2. 结构 was / were ( not ) + 动词-ing3. 句式肯定式：I/He/She/It was working. We/You/They/ were working.否定式:I/He/She/It was not working.We/You/They/ were not working.疑问式和简略回答:Was I working? Yes, you were. No, you were not. Were you working? Yes, I was. No, I was not. Was he/she/it working? Yes, he/she/it was. No, he/she/it was not. Were we/you/they working? Yes, you/we/they were. No, you/we/they were not. 注：（1） was not常缩略为wasn’t; were not常缩略为weren’t。（2） 一般过去时与过去进行时用法的比较: 一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生过的动作或存在的状态, 而过去进行时则表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。 例如:David wrote a letter to his friend last night. 大卫昨晚给他的朋友写了封信。(信写完了。)David was writing a letter to his friend last night. 大卫昨晚一直在给他的朋友写信。(信不一定写完。)七、过去进行时中的when和while 区别1) 由when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时； 由while引导的时间状语从句，主句用一般过去时，从句应用过去进行时。When the teacher came in, we were talking.当此句改变主从句的位置时，则为： While we were talking, the teacher came in.2)如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用while引导。如：They were singing while we were dancing.八、形容词副词的原级、比较级和最高级（一）形容词副词的原级句型：1. A is as+原级+ as+ B 表示A 与B一样„eg: He is as tall as me.2.A is not as/so +原级+ as B表示A不如B„eg:He is not as tall as me.3.只能修饰原级的词，very，quite，so，too，so, enough, pretty等例如，He is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。（二）形容词副词的比较级句型可以修饰比较级的词，much，a lot，far，„的多a little，a bit，„一点儿 even甚至，still仍然Eg. Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.第一课比第二课容易得多。Tom looks even younger than before.汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。1.当句中有than 时则用比较级。 eg: He is fatter than me.2．当句子中的比较对象为两者时用比较级：“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级，A or B？”eg: Which is bigger，the earth or the moon？哪一个大，地球还是月球？3. “比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越„„”。eg.The flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮。加more构成比较级的形容词则用more and more +形容词表示越来越„eg: English is more and more important.4. “the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越„„，越„„”。Eg. The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you’ll make.5.“A+be+the+形容词比较级+of the two+„„”表示“A是两者中较„„的”。Eg.Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two.6.A+be+形容词比较级+than+any other+单数名词(+介词短语)” 表示“A比同一范围的任何一个人/物都„„”，含义是“A最„„”。Eg. The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.=The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.（三）形容词副词的最高级常用句型1．“主语+be+the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“„„是„„中最„„的”。eg：Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students.This apple is the biggest of the five.2．“主语+be+one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示“„„是„„中最„„之一”。Eg：Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.3．“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+A，B，or C？”用于三者以上eg Which is the biggest? The moon,the sun or ths earth?4.“the +序数词+最高级+单数名词+范围”。表示„是第几大（„）eg: The Yellow River is the second longest river in China .【注意】形容词最高级之前要加the，但当最高级之前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格时则不用加the eg: He is the best student in my class. He is my best friend.九、现在完成时 (Present Perfect Tense)（1）表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。—It’s so dark. 太黑了。—Someone has turned off the light. 有人把灯关上了。（2）表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。常与since+过去的时间点，for+一段时间，since+时间段+ego, so far等时间状语连用。Eg. I have lived here for ten years.我已经住在这里10年了。（从10年前开始，持续到现在还住这儿）Eg. I have lived here since 2003. 自从2003年我就住在这儿。（从2003年开始，持续到现在还住这儿）（3） 基本结构及句型转换：主语+have/has+过去分词(done) (当主语是第三人称单数has,其余人称用have。) ①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他 I have finished my homework. (肯定句)②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他 I have not finished my homework. （否定句）③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他—Have you finished your homework?—Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t, （一般疑问句及肯定、否定回答）（4）has gone (to), has been (to), has been (in) 的区别Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场)Eg. ---Where is your father？ ---He has gone to Shanghai.Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方） Eg. My father has been to Shanghai.Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）Eg. My father has been in Shanghai for two months. =My father has been in Shanghai since two months ago.（5）现在完成时的标志：①常与just, already, yet, ever, never, before, so far 等连用，强调动作的完成，不强调动作的持续。Have you ever been to Japan? I have just finished my homework.②for + 时间段；since + 过去的时间点；since + 段时间 ago；since + 一般过去时的句子。They have known each other for five years. Since he was a child, he has lived in England.（6）动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则变化： 1. 一般在动词词尾直接加ed。如：pick → picked → picked; wish → wished → wished; stay → stayed → stayed2. 以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加d。如：like → liked → liked; hope → hoped → hoped; phone → phoned → phoned3. 以―辅音字母 + y‖结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed。如：study → studied → studied; hurry → hurried → hurried; reply → replied → replied4. 词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，要双写辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stop → stopped → stopped; clap → clapped → clapped不规则变化：5. 以不变应万变。如：let → let → let; put → put → put; read → read → read6. 若中间有双写e，则去掉一个e，单词末尾再加t。如：feel → felt → felt; keep → kept → kept; sleep → slept → slept7. 结尾的字母d变t。如：lend → lent → lent; build → built → built; send → sent → sent8. 变为以-ought或-aught结尾。如：buy → bought → bought;bring → brought → brought; catch → caught → caught; teach → taught → taught十、短暂性动词（buy, die, join, finish等）不能直接与for, since 连用， 需要改变为延续性动词。leave-- be away(from) begin(start)--be onopen--be open catch a cold--have a coldbecome--be in the army--in the army/be a soldierdie--be dead borrow---keepfall asleep-- be asleep join the party-- be in the party/ be a party memberclose -- be closed buy---haveend/ finish---be over come/go/ arrive/reach/get /move to ---be in /atput on--wear总结：1.现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果；2.还可以表示过去发生的动作,一直持续到现在，也有可能持续下去.3..一般情况下，for+时间段； since+过去的时间点；since + 段时间 ago；since + 一般过去时的句子4.句型：现在完成时态（have/has+延续性动词的过去分词）+ for/ since...语法专练一、 询问某人的健康问运及遭到麻烦的表达方法1．—_________?—I have a headache and I don’t feel like eating anything.A．How are youB．What can I do for youC．What’s the matter with youD．How do you like it2．—Mary hurt her _______ while singing at school, so she can’t talk today.—I am sorry to hear that.A．hand B．neck C．knee D．throat3．—Hi, John. _______?—I have a fever.A．How are you B．What’s the matter C．Who’s that D．What’s Lucy like4．—I have ________. It makes me uncomfortable.—You need to go to the dentist and get an X-ray.A．a headache B．a toothache C．a sore throat D．a stomachache5．—What’s the matter with Mike?—He got hit ________ ⁠the head.A．in B．on C．at D．with6．—You look pale. ________?—No. I’m afraid I have a temperature.A．What happenedB．Are you OKC．What should you doD．Can I help you7．—What’s ________ wrong with your little sister?—I took her temperature just now. She has ________ fever.A．/, a B．the, / C．/, the D．the, a8．—I have a ________. What should I do?—You should see a dentist!A．stomachache B．toothache C．headache D．cold9．I’m afraid you have a _________. Your head is so hot.A．fever B．cough C．cold D．toothache10．I have a toothache. I want to see a ________.A．nurse B．dentist C．actor D．Player参考答案：1．C【详解】句意：——你怎么了？——我头疼并且我不想吃任何东西。考查情景交际。How are you你好吗；What can I do for you我能帮你什么；What’s the matter with you你怎么了；How do you like it你认为它怎么样。根据“I have a headache and…”可知，对方不舒服，应问他怎么了。故选C。2．D【详解】句意：——玛丽在学校唱歌时弄伤了喉咙，所以她今天不能说话。——我很抱歉听到这个消息。考查名词辨析。hand手；neck脖子；knee膝盖；throat喉咙。根据“so she can’t talk today”可知，她今天不能说话，因此是弄伤了喉咙。故选D。3．B【详解】句意：——你好，约翰。你好吗？——我发烧了。考查情景交际。How are you你好吗；What’s the matter怎么了；Who’s that那是谁；What’s Lucy like露西是什么样的人。根据答语“I have a fever.”可知，是询问对方生了什么病，用What’s the matter。故选B。4．B【详解】句意：——我牙疼。它令我不舒服。——你需要去看牙医并照X光片。考查名词辨析。a headache头疼；a toothache牙疼；a sore throat嗓子疼；a stomachache胃痛。根据“You need to go to the dentist”可知，此处指牙疼。故选B。5．B【详解】句意：——迈克怎么了？——他撞到头了。考查介词辨析。in在……里；on在……上；at在；with和。根据“He got hit...the head”可知，get hit on the head “撞到头”。故选B。6．B【详解】句意：——你看起来脸色苍白。你还好吗？——不。恐怕我发烧了。考查情景交际。What happened发生了什么；Are you OK你还好吗；What should you do你应该做什么；Can I help you我能帮助你吗。根据“You look pale.”与“No.”可知，问句应是一般疑问句，看起来脸色苍白，应是询问对方是否还好。故选B。7．A【详解】句意：——你的小妹妹怎么了？——我刚才给她量了体温。她发烧了。考查冠词辨析。/不填；a一个，表泛指，用于辅音音素开头的词之前；an一个，表泛指，用于元音音素开头的词之前；the表特指。根据“What’s…wrong with your little sister?”可知，问某人怎么了不用冠词；have a fever意为“发烧”，固定词组。故选A。8．B【详解】句意：——我牙痛。我应该做什么？——你应该看牙医！考查名词辨析。stomachache腹痛；toothache牙痛；headache头痛；cold感冒。根据“You should see a dentist!”可知，牙痛得看牙医。故选B。9．A【详解】句意：恐怕你发烧了。你的头好热。考查名词辨析。fever发热，发烧；cough咳嗽；cold感冒；toothache头痛。根据“Your head is so hot.”头很烫，可推测此处指“发烧”。故选A。10．B【详解】句意：我牙痛。我想看牙医。考查名词词义辨析。nurse护士；dentist牙医；actor男演员；player运动员。根据前文“I have a toothache.”可知，牙痛要看牙医。故选B。二、情态动词should的用法1．Earthquakes can be very dangerous. We ________ learn to protect ourselves.A．might B．should C．could D．would2．—Excuse me, but we ________ wait in line to get on the subway. —I’m sorry.A．might B．would C．could D．should3．You should ________ more water when you have a fever.A．drinks B．drinking C．drinked D．drink4．I can’t sleep, so I _____ listen to quiet music, and I ______ listen to exciting music.A．should; should B．shouldn’t; shouldn’tC．should; shouldn’t D．can; don’t5．David ____ a stomachache. So he ____ eat anything 24 hours.A．has, should B．has , should’t C．have, shouldn’t D．has, shouldn’t6．We __________ carry forward the spirit of serving the people whole-heartedly.A．might B．should C．could D．can’t7．—What __________ I do when my parents don’t agree with me? —You __________ talk with them and let them know your thoughts.A．should；can B．should；shouldn’t C．can；can’t D．shouldn’t；can8．—I don’t care what people think.—Well, you______________. Some opinions are worth weighing.A．might B．should C．could D．would9．—Lily is intelligent and hard-working. She _________ do well in the singing competition. —Sure. She was born to be a singer.should B．might C．can’t D．shouldn’t参考答案：1．B【详解】句意：地震可能非常危险。我们应该学会保护自己。考查情态动词。might可能；should应该；could能；would将。根据“We...learn to protect ourselves.”可知此处是表示建议，我们应该学会保护自己，故选B。2．D【详解】句意：——对不起，我们应该排队上地铁。——我很抱歉。考查情态动词辨析。might可以；would将；could可以；should应该。根据“but we …wait in line to get on the subway”可知，应该排队上地铁，故选D。3．D【详解】句意：你发烧时应该多喝水。考查情态动词should的用法。should “应该”，是情态动词，后面接动词原形。故选D。4．C【详解】句意：我睡不着，所以我应该听轻音乐，我不应该听令人兴奋的音乐。Should应该， shouldn’t不应该，表示建议；结合句意和语境可知选C。5．D【详解】句意：戴维肚子痛。所以他24小时都不应该吃东西。主语David三单，谓语三单，have的三单是has， “不应该做某事”shouldn’t do sth.；结合句意和选项可知选D。6．B【详解】句意：我们应该发扬全心全意为人民服务的精神。考查情态动词辨析。might可能；should应该；could可能，能够；can’t不能。根据“We...carry forward the spirit of serving the people whole-heartedly.”可知，应该发扬这种精神，用should表示责任和义务，故选B。7．A【详解】句意：——当我父母不同意我的意见时，我该怎么办？——你可以和他们谈谈，让他们知道你的想法。考查情态动词辨析。should应该；shouldn’t不应该；can’t不能；can能。根据“What...I do when my parents don’t agree with me?”可知，此处是在询问对方的建议，应填should，排除C选项；第二空是给与对方建议，表示“可以”，应填can，故选A。8．B【详解】句意：——我不在意别人怎么想的。——嗯，你应该在意。一些想法值得权衡。考查情态动词。might可能；should应该；could能够；would将。根据“Some opinions are worth weighing”可知此处表示应该在意别人的看法，用情态动词should。故选B。9．A【详解】句意：——莉莉既聪明又勤奋。她应该会在歌唱比赛中取得好成绩。——当然。她天生就是当歌手的料。考查情态动词。should应该，表示推测；might可能，表示不确定推测；can’t不可能，表示否定推测；shouldn’t不应该。根据“Lily is intelligent and hard-working.”可知，她在歌唱比赛中取得好成绩是非常可能的事情，语气肯定，用should。故选A三、动词不定式1．David learnt ________ when he was five.A．swim B．swims C．swam D．to swim2．Mount Huang is so famous that a large number of travelers wish ________ it.A．to visit B．visit C．visited D．visiting3．—Miss Li, can you tell me how to improve my writing skills?—Certainly. I advise you ________ a diary in English every day.A．to keep B．keeping C．kept D．keeps4．You’re expected ________ silent when you’re in the library.A．keeping B．to kept C．to keep D．to keeping5．The teacher asked us ________ so much noise.A．don’t make B．not make C．not making D．not to make6．We are not allowed ________ outdoors with some other children.A．playing B．to be playing C．to play D．be playing7．As a result of my laziness, I failed ________ my work in time.A．and finished B．to finish C．and finishing D．to finishing8．—Where did he go? —He went to another store ________ pencils.A．to buy B．for buying C．buy D．buying9．He made us ________ by making faces.A．to laugh B．laughing C．laugh D．laughed10．Would you please ________ on the table?A．don’t write B．not to write C．not write D．not writing参考答案：1．D【详解】句意：大卫五岁时学习游泳。考查非谓语动词。learn to do sth“学习做某事”，为固定短语，故选D。2．A【详解】句意：黄山非常有名，许多旅游者都想去参观。考查非谓语动词。wish to do sth“希望做某事”，动词不定式作宾语，故选A。3．A【详解】句意：——李老师，你能告诉我如何提高我的写作技巧吗？——当然。我建议你每天用英语写日记。考查非谓语动词。advise sb. to do sth.“建议某人做某事”，动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选A。4．C【详解】句意：当你在图书馆的时候，你应该保持安静。考查非谓语动词。be expected to do sth.“被期望做某事”。故选C。5．D【详解】句意：老师要求我们不要发出那么多噪音。考查动词非谓语。ask sb to do sth“要求某人做某事”，否定形式为ask sb not to do sth。故选D。6．C【详解】句意：我们不被允许和其他一些孩子在户外玩耍。考查非谓语动词，be not allowed to do“不被允许做某事”，固定用法，故选C。7．B【详解】句意：由于懒惰，我未能及时完成工作。考查动词不定式。fail to do sth. “未能做（成）某事”，此处指的是由于懒惰，未能及时完成工作。故选B。8．A【详解】句意：——他去哪儿了?  ——他去另一家商店买铅笔了。考查动词不定式的用法。根据“He went to another store...pencils.”可知，去另一家商店是为了买铅笔，动词不定式作目的状语。故选A。9．C【详解】句意：他扮鬼脸逗我们笑。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用省略to的不定式，作宾补。故选C。10．C【详解】句意：请不要在桌子上写字好吗?考查would的用法。would you please not do sth. “你可以不做某事吗？”，此处是would表示委婉语气的用法。故选C四、Could you please...?句型1．—Could you please help me carry the chair to my office?—________. It’s a piece of cake.A．No problem B．I’m afraid not C．You’re welcome D．No, I can’t2．—Excuse me, ________ you please tell me where I can post a letter?—________. Turn left. There is a post office on Fifth Road.A．could; Sure B．could; Sorry C．will; Sounds great D．will; Good idea3．—________ people talk with friends by QQ twenty years ago?—No, but today most of us ________ do that.A．Can; could B．Could; can C．Could; could D．Could; can’t4．—Could I invite my friends to the party on Saturday, Mom?—Of course you ________. That sounds like fun.A．may B．could C．must D．can5．—________ you please help me look for my English book? I can’t find it anywhere.—With pleasure.A．Should B．MustC．Might D．Could6．—Jack, could you please ________ the door? I have a cold.—Of course.A．to close B．closedC．close D．closing7．Could I buy ________ drinks and snacks?A．some B．any C．something D．anything8．—______ you please take the dog for work?—OK, but I have to fold the clothes first.A．Must B．Should C．Could D．May9．—Could you please do the dishes?—________. I cut my finger and I’m trying not to get it wet.A．Yes, sure B．No problem C．Sorry, I’m afraid I can’t D．That would be fine10．—Helen, could you please water the flowers in my garden?—___________.They are so lovely.That's too bad B．With pleasure C．You're welcome D．I'm afraid not参考答案：1．A【详解】句意：——你能帮我把椅子搬到我的办公室吗？——没问题。小菜一碟。考查情景交际。No problem没问题；I’m afraid not恐怕不行；You’re welcome不客气；No, I can’t不，我不能。根据后句“It’s a piece of cake”可知，此处表示对方愿意提供帮助，应用“No problem”表示“没问题”。故选A。2．A【详解】句意：——打搅一下，你可以告诉我在哪里可以寄信吗?  ——当然，向左转。在第五路上有一个邮局。考查could的用法和情景交际。could可以；will将要，会；Sure当然；Sorry抱歉；Sounds great听起来很棒； Good idea好主意。根据“...you please tell me where I can post a letter”可知，此处是问路，表示委婉语气用could。根据“Turn left. There is a post office on Fifth Road.”可知，回答者愿意帮忙，因此“sure (当然)” 符合语境。故选A。3．B【详解】句意：——二十年前人们可以通过QQ和朋友聊天吗？——不能，但今天我们大多数人都能做到。考查情态动词。can能；could能，can的过去式；can’t不能。根据第一个空空后的“twenty years ago”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，此处应用动词的过去式形式；根据第二个空空前的“today”可知，句子时态为一般现在时；根据空前的“but”可知，此处句意发生了转折，表示但今天我们大多数人都能做到。故选B。4．D【详解】句意：——妈妈，星期六我可以邀请我的朋友去参加聚会吗？——当然你可以，听上去很有趣。考查情态动词。may可能；could能；must必须；can可以。根据“Could I invite my friends to the party” 可知此处could表示语气委婉，答语中用can表示“可以”。故选D。5．D【详解】句意：——你能帮我找一下我的英语书吗？我到处都找不到。——愿意效劳。本题考查情态动词。Should应该；Must 必须；Might 可能；Could 能，可以。根据“you please help me look for my English book?”可知，此处表示请求，句型是Could you please...。故选D。6．C【详解】句意：——杰克，你能把门关上吗？我感冒了。——当然。考查情态动词后接动词原形。分析句子结构可知，问句中缺少了谓语动词，且根据“could”为情态动词可知，应用动词原形。故选C。7．A【详解】句意：我可以买些饮料和零食吗？考查词义辨析。some一些，一般用于肯定句或表示特殊意义的一般疑问句中；any一些，一般用于否定句或疑问句中；something某物，某事，一般用于肯定句中或表示特殊意义的一般疑问句中；anything任何事物，一般用于否定句或疑问句中。空格处修饰名词“drinks and snacks”，应用形容词，此句是含有情态动词的一般疑问句，应用some。故选A。8．C【详解】句意：——你能带狗去上班吗?——好的，但我得先把衣服叠好。考查情态动词。Must必须、一定；Should应该；Could能、能够，can的过去式，也可以表示委婉语气；May可以。根据下文OK, but I have to fold the clothes first. 好的，但我得先把衣服叠好。可知上文是问“你能带狗去上班吗?”要填“could”，表示委婉语气，其它选项语意不通，故答案选C。9．C【详解】句意：——请你洗碗好吗？——对不起，恐怕不行。我割破了手指，我尽量不弄湿它。考查情景交际。Yes, sure是的，可以；No problem没问题；Sorry, I’m afraid I can’t对不起，恐怕不行；That would be fine那太好了。根据答语“I’m trying not to get it wet”可知，我尽量不弄湿我的手指，所以我不能洗碗，故应对请求表示拒绝。故选C。10．B【详解】句意：——海伦，你能给我花园里的花浇水吗？——很乐意。它们太可爱了。考查情景交际。That’s too bad那太糟糕了；With pleasure很乐意；You’re welcome不客气；I’m afraid not恐怕不行；根据句意理解及后句They are so lovely.可知，这里是同意帮忙，表示“乐意效劳”，故选B五、until, so that ,although引导的状语从句1．We had to clear out some of our old things ________ we could put the new sofa in our house.A．as soon as B．so that C．even though D．as if2．Our Chinese teacher didn’t go to bed ______ he finished his work last night.A．if B．until C．since D．because3．I didn’t go to sleep ________ my mother came back home last night.A．when B．sinceC．until D．before4．Amy got up early ________ she could catch the school bus this morning.A．so that B．as ifC．as long as D．as soon as5．-----What a mess! The sharing bikes are thrown everywhere.-----Let’s collect and put them in the right place they can be used conveniently.A．unless B．so that C．because D．so long as6． _______Square Dancing is good exercise for the old, sometimes it makes a lot of noise.A．If B．Although C．Until D．Because7．We should protect the environment _______ we can make a better world to live in.A．so that B．even though C．as soon as D．even if8．It was great in the end  ________ we had a terrible time at the beginning.A．if B．unless C．when D．although9．They didn’t go home ________ they finished their work.A．because B．where C．until D．while参考答案：1．B【详解】句意：我们不得不清理一些旧东西，这样我们才能把新沙发放在家里。考查连词辨析。as soon as一……就……；so that以便；even though尽管；as if似乎。分析句子结构可知，“清理旧东西”的目的是“把新沙发放进家里”，应用so that引导目的状语从句。故选B。2．B【详解】句意：昨天晚上我们的语文老师直到完成了他的工作才去睡觉。A. if 如果； B. unti直到； C. since自从；D. because因为。not…until意思是“直到……才”，根据句意，故选B。3．C【详解】句意：昨晚直到妈妈回家我才睡觉。考查连词辨析。when当……时；since自从；until直到；before在之前。根据“I didn’t go to sleep … my mother came back home”可知，此处用not…until表示“直到……才”，故选C。4．A【详解】句意：艾米今天起得很早，以便能赶上校车。考查目的状语从句。so that以便；as if好像；as long as只要；as soon as一……就……。根据“she could catch the school bus this morning”可知，早起的目的是赶上校车，应用so that引导目的状语从句。故选A。5．B【详解】句意：——真是一团糟！共享自行车到处都是。——让我们把它们收集起来放在合适的地方，这样它们就可以方便地使用了。A. unless除非；B. so that以便；C. because因为；D. so long as只要。结合句意可知，此处是so that引导的目的状语从句，答案为B。6．B【详解】句意：虽然广场舞对老年人来说是很好的运动，但有时也会制造很大的噪音。A. If连词，如果，引导条件状语从句；B. Although连词，虽然、即使，引导让步状语从句；C. Until连词，直到，引导时间状语从句。D. Because连词，因为，引导原因状语从句。根据前后文之间的“让步”关系可知，选用although。故选B。7．A【详解】句意：我们应该保护环境以便我们能创造一个更美好的生活环境。考查so that引导的目的状语从句。so that为了，以便；even though尽管；as soon as一……就……；even if即使，根据空前的“We should protect the environment”和空后的“we can make a better world to live in”可知，后句是前句这么做的目的，所以用so that引导目的状语从句，故选A。8．D【详解】句意：虽然一开始我们很糟糕，但最后还是很棒的。考查连词辨析。if如果；unless除非，如果不；when当……时候；although虽然，尽管。根据句意可知，空前“It was great”与空后“we had a terrible time”是转折关系，这里应用although引导让步状语从句。故选D。9．C【详解】句意：他们直到完成工作才回家。考查从属连词辨析。because因为；where在……的地方；until直到……；while当……时候，由否定形式“didn’t”和句意，可知本句用句型not…until，这种否定形式表达的意思是“直至某时才做某事”，即“直到完成工作才回家”，故选C六、过去进行时1．—What were you doing at 7:00 p.m. yesterday?—I ________ the dishes in the kitchen.A．washed B．wash C．am washing D．was washing2．—Linda, I called you up just now, but nobody answered.—Sorry, I didn’t hear that. I ________ playing the piano.A．practice B．will practice C．practiced D．was practicing3．—I called you yesterday afternoon, but you didn't pick up.—Sorry. I ______ an online class at that time.A．take B．took C．is taking D．was taking4．Dad ________ TV when it began to rain yesterday.A．watches B．watched C．is watching D．was watching5．—Jim, what did I say just now?—Sorry, I don't know. I ________ the math problem.A．think about B．thought about C．was thinking about D．has thought about6．Mike________the furniture into his new flat this time yesterday.A．would move B．was moving C．has moved D．had moved7．—I called you at 4:00 yesterday afternoon, but no one answered. —Sorry, I ________ with my friends at that time.A．swim B．swam C．will swim D．was swimming8．—Did you hear someone knock at the door just now? —Sorry. I ________ to my friend on the phone.A．was talking B．talked C．am talking D．have talked9．We TV from seven to nine last night.A．were watching B．will watch C．watched D．watch10．—When did the classroom have a power cut?—This morning, while we ________ a physics lesson.have had B．were having C．are having D．will have参考答案:1．D【详解】句意：——昨天晚上七点你正在做什么？——我正在厨房洗盘子。考查过去进行时。washed一般过去时；wash一般现在时；am washing现在进行时；was washing过去进行时。根据“at 7:00 p.m. yesterday”可知，句子是过去进行时。故选D。2．D【详解】句意：——Linda，我刚刚给你打电话，但是没有人接听。——对不起，我没有听到。我刚刚在练习弹钢琴。考查时态。根据“I didn’t hear that. I...playing the piano.”可知，应是打电话的时候正在弹钢琴，应用过去进行时，结构为was/were+现在分词，主语是I，be动词用was。故选D。3．D【详解】句意：——我昨天下午给你打电话，但你没接。——对不起，那时我正在上网课。考查动词时态。take一般现在时；took一般过去时；is taking现在进行时；was taking过去进行时。根据语境可知，我昨天正在做某事，所以你给我打电话没有接到，应用进行时态，再根据yesterday afternoon可知，“上网课没接到电话”这件事发生在过去，故应为过去进行时。故选D。4．D【详解】句意：昨天开始下雨时，爸爸正在看电视。考查过去进行时态。watches第三人称单数；watched一般过去时态；is watching现在进行时态；was watching过去进行时态。根据题干可知当昨天开始下雨的时候，爸爸正在看电视，该句是when引导的时间状语从句，从句是一般过去时，主句表示过去正在做的事情，则应用过去进行时，其结构是was/were doing，故答案选D。5．C【详解】句意：——Jim，我刚才说了什么？——对不起，我不知道。我正思考那个数学题呢。考查动词时态。think about思考，考虑；thought about一般过去时；was thinking about过去进行时；has thought about现在完成时。根据语境可知，问题使用了一般过去时态，答语中表示过去那个时候正在做的事情，应用过去进行时。故选C。6．B【详解】句意：昨天的这个时候迈克正在把家具搬进他的新居。考查过去进行时。根据“this time yesterday”，可知句子是过去进行时，结构为was/were+动词的现在分词，主语Mike是第三人称单数。故选B。7．D【详解】句意：——我昨天下午四点打电话给你，但没人接。——对不起，当时我和朋友们在游泳。考查动词时态。根据“at 4:00 yesterday afternoon”以及“at that time”可知此处是表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作，应用过去进行时，故选D。8．A【详解】句意：——你听见刚才有人敲门吗? ——对不起，我没听见。我刚刚正在电话上和我的朋友交谈。考查过去进行时。was talking用于过去进行时；talked用于一般过去时；am talking用于现在进行时；have talked用于现在完成时。根据语境以及问句中的时间状语just now可知，答语中的动作表示“过去正在打电话”，故用过去进行时。故选A。9．A【详解】句意：昨晚七点到九点我们一直在看电视。考查过去进行时。were watching过去进行时；will watch一般将来时；watched一般过去时；watch一般现在时。分析句子可知，此句时间状语是from seven to nine last night，表示在过去的某个时间段动作正在发生，所以用过去进行时表示。故选A。10．B【详解】本题考查时态。句意“-教室什么时候停电的？-今天早晨，当我们在上物理课时”。根据句意，指的是当我们正在上物理课时停电了，且第一句用的是did，故用过去进行时，故选B七、过去进行时中的when和while 区别1．When you ________ me last night, I ________the piano.A．were calling; was playing B．were calling; playedC．called; played D．called; was playing2．I was writing a letter ________ she was making a telephone call.A．while B．when C．before D．after3．When the man downstairs knocked at the door, I ________ the housework.A．do B．was doing C．am doing D．did4．All the students were sweeping the floor ________ they heard a man ________ “help”.A．when; shouting B．while; to shout C．when; to shout D．while; shouting5．My father was reading a newspaper while my mother ___________ dinner.A．is cooking B．cooks C．was cooking D．cooked6．When Jim’s mother came in , he_____ homework.A．is doing B．has done C．was doing D．did7．My father was preparing for his speech _________ my mother was doing some washing last night.A．if B．while C．unless D．until8．While my father was reading a newspaper, my mother ________ a soap opera.A．will watch B．was watching C．watches D．is watching9．—What were you and your father doing at 7:00 yesterday evening?—I was doing my homework ________ my father was watching news on TV.A．when B．as soon as C．while D．where10．Maria was playing football with her classmates ________ I met her yesterday.A．when B．since C．before D．until11．—How did the accident happen?—The man was reading some messages on his phone ________ walking across the street.A．unless B．after C．while D．before12．When the teacher ________ in, the students were discussing how to make full preparations for the coming sports meeting.A．comes B．came C．is coming D．was coming13．When they saw the sun ________ in the east, the children ________ their arms and cheered.A．rise; rose B．raise; rose C．rising; raised D．raise; raised14．While Mike________computer games in his room, his dad came in.A．is playing B．was playing C．will play D．play参考答案:1．D【详解】句意：昨晚你给我打电话时，我在弹钢琴。考查动词时态。根据“last night”可知，空一所在句子是一般过去时；空二所在句子表示“当时我正在弹钢琴”，表示过去正在发生的动作，用过去进行时。故选D。2．A【详解】句意：我正在写信，而她正在打电话。考查从属连词辨析。while当……时候；when当……时候；before在……之前；after在……之后。根据“I was writing a letter…she was making a telephone call.”可知，两个动作是同时发生，且表示的是两个同时进行的持续性动作，要用while。故选A。3．B【详解】句意：楼下的人敲门时，我正在做家务。考查动词时态。when引导的时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句表示在过去某个时刻正在发生的事情，用过去进行时was/were doing的结构，故选B。4．A【详解】句意：所有的学生都在扫地，这时他们听到一个人喊“救命”。考查过去进行时和非谓语动词。when“在……时候”，可与延续性动词和非延续性动词连用；while“在……期间”，通常与延续性动词连用。由“heard”为非延续性动词可知，此处要用when；再根据“they heard a man ... ‘help’ ”可知，听到一个人的呼救，动作正在发生，应用hear sb. doing sth.“听见某人正在做某事”，分词作宾补。故选A。5．C【详解】句意：我的爸爸正在读报纸的时候我妈妈正在做晚饭。考查过去进行时。由“while”可知前后句子都应用进行时，根据“was reading”可知是过去进行时，故第二空也应用过去进行时。故选C。6．C【详解】句意：妈妈到家时他正在写作业。when引导的时间状语从句，表示当某个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行，从句是一般过去时，故主句要用过去进行时，答案为C。7．B【详解】句意：昨晚我爸爸正在为演讲做准备，而妈妈正在洗衣服。考查连词。if如果；while当……时，然而；unless除非；until直到。根据空格前后句句意可知，此处用while表对比，前后都用进行时。故选B。8．B【详解】句意：当我爸爸在看报纸的时候，我妈妈正在看肥皂剧。考查时态。will watch一般将来时态；was watching过去进行时态；watches一般现在时态；is watching现在进行时态。根据“was reading a newspaper”可知，从句是过去完成时，While引导的时间状语从句，强调主从句的动作同时发生，往往主从句的动作都用过去进行时态。故选B。9．C【详解】句意：昨天晚上七点钟你和你的父亲正在做什么？——我在做作业，而我的父亲正在电视上看新闻。考查从属连词辨析。when“当……时候”；as soon as“一……就……”；while“当……时候，而”；where“在哪里”。根据“my father was watching news on TV”可知，从句使用过去进行时，且有对比的含义，即“而我的父亲正在电视上看新闻”，故选C。10．A【详解】句意：昨天我遇见玛丽亚时，她正和她的同学踢足球。考查从属连词辨析。when当……时；since自从；before在……之前；until直到。根据“Maria was playing football with her classmates”和“I met her yesterday.”可知，此处表达昨天我遇见玛丽亚时，她正和她的同学踢足球，所以用when“当……时”，引导时间状语从句。故选A。11．C【详解】句意：——事故是怎么发生的？——这个人在过马路的时候正在看手机上的信息。考查从属连词辨析。unless除非；after在……之后；while当……时；before在……之后。根据“The man was reading some messages on his phone...walking across the street.”可知，这个人在过马路的时候正在看手机上的信息，用while引导时间状语从句，故选C。12．B【详解】句意：当老师进来的时候，学生们正在讨论如何为即将到来的运动会做好充分的准备。考查时态。此句是when引导的时间状语从句，主句是过去进行时，此处从句需要用一般过去时，表示过去发生的瞬间性动作，故选B。13．C【详解】句意：当他们看到太阳从东方升起时，孩子们举起手臂欢呼起来。考查动词辨析。rise“（太阳、月亮）升起”；raise“举起”。根据“When they saw the sun ... in the east”可知，第一空指太阳从东方升起，用rise；再根据see sb./sth. doing sth.“看见某人/某物正在做某事”可知，此处要用分词作宾补；由“the children ... their arms and cheered.”可知，第二空指孩子们抬起胳膊，raise符合句意；再由“cheered”可知，时态为一般过去时，动词要用过去式。故选C。14．B【详解】句意：迈克在房间里玩电脑游戏时，他爸爸进来了。考查过去进行时。is playing现在进行时；was playing过去进行时；will play一般将来时； plays一般现在时的第三人称单数。根据句意迈克在房间里玩电脑游戏时，他爸爸进来了。可知前面是正在发生，后面 came 是过去式，所以前面要用过去进行时，构成是was/were＋doing，故答案选B八、形容词副词的原级、比较级和最高级1．—What do you know about this river?—I know it’s the second ________ river in our country.A．long B．longerC．longest D．the longest2．Qomolangma is 8,844.43 meters high. It’s ________ mountain in the world.A．high B．higher C．highest D．the highest3．The earth is about ________as the moon.A．as fifty times big B．fifty times as bigC．as big fifty times D．fifty as times big4．Everything is ________on the moon than on the earth.A．much more lighter B．much more lightC．more lighter D．much lighter5．He jumps ________ of the three.A．far B．further C．farthest D．farther6．My People, My Country is ________ movie I've ever seen.A．more educational B．the most educational C．educational D．less educational7．—I'm proud of Ezhou, our homeland. —So am I. It is becoming ________.A．more and more beautifully B．more beautiful and beautifulC．more and more beautiful D．more beautifully and beautifully8．Balanced diets are just as________as regular exercise in our daily life．A．important B．more importantC．most important D．the most important9．—Could you tell me why you learn English so well?—It's very simple. ________ you study, ________ grades you will get.A．The harder; better B．The harder; the betterC．Harder; better D．Harder; the better10．Compared with a 1-day weekend, a 2-day weekend is _______ as we may have enough time for our hobbies.A．more pleasant B．less pleasantC．the most pleasant D．the least pleasant参考答案:1．C【详解】句意：——关于这条河你知道什么？——我知道它是我们国家的第二长河。考查形容词最高级的用法。根据second“第二”为序数词可知此处应用形容词最高级，且其前不加定冠词the，故选C。2．D【详解】句意：珠穆朗玛峰高8844.43米。它是世界上最高的山。考查最高级。根据“in the world.”可知，三者以上的比较要用最高级，且最高级前要有冠词the，故选D。3．B【详解】句意：地球大约是月球的50倍大。考查形容词原级。“fifty times”意为“50倍”，“as...as”之间用形容词或副词原级，在表达“某物是另一物的多少倍”时，倍数应放在“as...as”结构的前面。故选B。4．D【详解】句意：月球上的一切都比地球上的更明亮。考查形容词的比较级。根据than“比”可知，此处形容词用比较级，light“明亮的”比较级为lighter“更明亮的”，比较级前可加程度副词much。故选D。5．C【详解】句意：他在三个人中跳得最远。考查副词最高级。far远的；further较远的；farthest最远的（距离上的远）；farther较远的。根据“of the three”可知，此处用最高级，且表示距离最远，应填farthest，故选C。6．B【详解】句意：《我和我的祖国》是我看过的最有教育意义的电影。考查形容词最高级。more educational更有教育性的；the most educational最有教育意义的；educational有教育性的；less educational更少教育性的。根据“I've ever seen”我见过的，表达的是最高级的意义，用educational的最高级变化the most educational。故选B。7．C【详解】句意：——我为我的家乡鄂州而自豪。——我也是，它变得越来越漂亮。考查形容词比较级。becoming后面用形容词beautiful作表语，表示“越来越”用“比较级+and+比较级”。beautiful是多音节词,用more and more beautiful表示“变得越来越漂亮”。故选C。8．A【详解】句意：在我们的日常生活中，平衡的饮食和有规律的锻炼一样重要。考查形容词比较等级。important原级；more important比较级；most important最高级；the most important最高级；原级比较as...as和……一样，用形容词或副词的原形。故选A。9．B【详解】句意：——你能告诉我为什么你把英语学得这么好吗？——很简单，你学习越努力，你得到的成绩就越好。考查“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构。分析句子可知，此处构成“the+比较级，the+比较级”，翻译为“越……，越……”。结合选项，故选B。10．A【详解】句意：与一天的周末相比，两天的周末更令人愉快，因为我们可能有足够的时间来投入我们的爱好。考查形容词比较级。A. more pleasant更愉快的，比较级形式；B. less pleasant更不愉快的，比较级形式；C. the most pleasant最愉快的，最高级形式；D. the least pleasant最不愉快的，最高级形式。根据句中Compared with a 1-day weekend提示，此处存在比较关系，故应用pleasant的比较级形式，C、D选项可排除。根据句中as we may have enough time for our hobbies可知，有更多的时间花在爱好上自然是一件愉快的事情，故选A.九、现在完成时 (Present Perfect Tense)1．—Congratulations! You ________ big progress in the last three years. —Thank you, Mr. Li. I’ll never forget the good times in Junior High.A．make B．made C．have made D．will make2．Lily borrowed a book from Jerry and ________ it back to him already.A．gives B．gaveC．has given D．will give3．I’m so glad that I nearly half of the test now.A．finish B．finished C．will finish D．have finished4．—The book is popular. ________ you ________ it yet?—Yes, I have.A．Are; reading B．Were; reading C．Have; read D．Will; read5．— The air here is much fresher than before.—Exactly! We a lot of trees in the past few years.A．planted B．were planting C．have planted D．will plant6．Corn production ______ nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years in China.A．jumped B．jumps C．will jump D．has jumped7．—Jack, would you like to see the movie Lion King with me? —It’s an interesting film, but I ________ it.A．see B．will see C．have seen D．saw8．—John, I ________ your father for a long time. —He is working in Chongqing now.A．don’t see B．haven’t seen C．won’t see D．didn’t see9．Don’t return the video to Peter. I _____ it.A．don’t watch B．won’t watch C．haven’t watched D．wasn’t watching10．— What are you going to do this weekend?— I yet.A．haven’ t decided B．won’ t decideC．have decided D．didn’ t decide参考答案:1．C【详解】句意：——祝贺你！你在过去的三年里取得了很大的进步。——谢谢你，李先生。我永远不会忘记初中的美好时光。考查动词时态。根据时间状语“in the last three years”可知，本句时态是现在完成时(have/has done)。故选C。2．C【详解】句意：莉莉从杰瑞那里借了一本书，现在已经还给他了。考查动词时态。根据“already”可知，第二空应填现在完成时have/has done的结构，故选C。3．D【详解】句意：我很高兴我现在已经完成了将近一半的考试。考查动词时态。finish动词原形；finished动词过去式；will finish一般将来时；have finished现在完成时。根据句意可知，这里是过去的动作对现在造成的结果，所以用现在完成时，故选D。4．C【详解】句意：——这本书很受欢迎。你读过了吗？——是的，我读过了。考查现在完成时。Are; reading构成现在进行时；Were; reading构成过去进行时；Have; read构成现在完成时；Will; read构成一般将来时。根据问句句尾的yet及答句“Yes, I have.”可知问句要用现在完成时。故选C。5．C【详解】句意：——这里的空气比以前新鲜多了。——确实！在过去的几年里，我们种了很多树。考查现在完成时。A：一般过去时；B：过去进行时；C：现在完成时；D：一般将来时。分析句子可知，此处强调过去种的树使现在的空气更清新，强调对现在的影响，所以应用现在完成时，in the past+一段时间，用于现在完成时态的句子中，故选C。6．D【详解】句意：在过去的25年里，中国的玉米产量增长了将近125%。考查动词时态。jumped跳跃，突升，暴涨，动词的过去式或过去分词形式；jumps第三人称单数形式；will jump一般将来时；has jumped现在完成时。根据句意和句中的时间状语over the past 25 years in China可知，这句话表示从25年前到现在，应用现在完成时态。故选D。7．C【详解】句意：——杰克，你想和我一起去看电影《狮子王》吗？——这是一部有趣的电影，但是我已经看过了。考查现在完成时。强调过去发生的事情（看过）对现在造成的影响（不想再去看）用现在完成时。故选C。8．B【详解】句意：——约翰，我很久没见到你父亲了。——他现在在重庆工作。考查动词时态。根据“John, I ... your father for a long time.”可知，从过去某一时间开始，一直到说话的当时都没有见过，时态要用现在完成时。故选B。9．C【详解】句意：不要把这个录像还给彼得。我还没看呢。考查时态。根据“Don’t return the video to Peter.”可知，还没有看完，描述的是一直持续到现在的动作，故用现在完成时态，选C。10．A【详解】句意：--这周末你打算干什么？--我还没决定呢。本题考查现在完成时的用法。A.现在完成时否定句；B.一般将来时否定句；C.现在完成时肯定句；D.一般过去时否定句。yet多用于现在完成时的否定句或一般疑问句中。故选A。十、短暂性动词和延续性动词1．—When will your sister go to the UK?—She ________ London since four months ago.A．went to B．has gone toC．has been to D．has been in2．— The new shirt looks good on you. When did you buy it?—On July 7th. I________ it for a week.A．have bought B．have had C．bought D．buy3．—Mum, I want to watch the news about our school. Change the channel, please!—What a pity! It is eight o'clock now. It___________ for a while.A．has been over B．was over C．has finished D．finished4．—What do you usually do in your spare time?—I often go to our community library. It ________ for two years in order to encourage us to read more.A．opens B．has opened C．has been opened D．has been open5．—________  have you kept this book?—For two months.A．How soon B．How old C．How long D．How often6．-Excuse me ,when did you leave Jinzhou？-In August ,2017．I _____ for about two years．A．have left B．left C．have been away D．was away7．I’m sorry to have kept you waiting long.Never mind.I_______ here for only a few minutes.A．came B．have been C．have come D．had come8．Betty ___________ hard since last term. That’s why her exam results are so good!A．has worked B．will work C．worked D．was working9．He ________ the book from the school library for six days.A．borrowed B．has kept C．has left D．has borrowed10．—When did you become a volunteer? —I _________ in this group since 2008.A．joined B．took part C．have joined D．have been11．Tom has been here ________just one year, but his father has worked here ________ ten years ago.A．since; for B．since; sinceC．for; since D．for; /12．—Are you sure Mary can talk in French?—Yes. She has learned French _______ three years.A．during B．from C．in D．for13．She ________ her hometown since she was 18 years old. She told me she would return soon.A．has left B．has been away from C．left D．went away14．I saw Julia in April and I ________ her since then.A．don’t see B．didn’t see C．won’t see D．haven’t seen15．—How long _______ your uncle _______ this computer?—Since ten years ago. He wants to buy a new one.A．have; had B．has; bought C．have; bought D．has; had参考答案：1．D【详解】句意：——你的姐姐将什么时候去英国？——她在伦敦已经四个月了。考查现在完成时。went to为一般过去时；has gone to去了某地（未回）；has been to去过某地（已回）；has been in待在某地。since引导的时间状语提示谓语动词用现在完成时态，谓语动词是延续性的动作或状态，has been in表示“在某地”和since表示的时间段连用。故选D。2．B【详解】句意：——你穿这件新衬衫很好看。你什么时候买的？——在7月7日。我买一个星期了。考查动词时态辨析。have bought现在完成时；have had现在完成时；bought一般过去时；buy一般现在时。for+一段时间，表示动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并有继续下去的可能，句子用现在完成时，排除C和D选项。一段时间要与持续性动词连用，buy是短暂性动词，其对应的持续性动词是have，所以空格处填have had。故选B。3．A【详解】句意：——妈妈，我想看我们学校的新闻。请换频道！——真遗憾！现在是八点钟。它已经结束一段时间了。考查动词时态。has been over已经结束了，现在完成时；was over结束了，一般过去时；has finished已经结束了，现在完成时；finished结束，一般过去时。根据语境可知，学校新闻已经结束了，这件事对“现在不能观看了”产生了影响，故应为现在完成时，故排除B、D两项。另句中for a while表示一段时间，与现在完成时连用时，应用延续性动词，而动词finish为瞬时性动词，不能在现在完成时中与一段时间连用，故排除C项。be over表示延续性动作，可在现在完成时中与时间段连用，即has been over。故选A。4．D【详解】句意：——你在空余时间通常做什么？——我经常去社区图书馆。为了鼓励我们阅读更多，它已经开两年了。考查现在完成时态。opens动词的一般现在时的第三人称单数；has opened已经打开；has been opened已经被打开；has been open现在完成时，形容词作表语，表示一直开着。根据“for two years”此处表示的是从过去开始，一直延续的动作。open是非延续性动词，此处用形容词形式be open表示状态，可以延续。现在完成时用has been open。故选D。5．C【详解】句意：——这本书你借了多久了？——两个月了。考查特殊疑问句。How soon多久之后，对将来的一段时间提问；How old多大，对年龄提问；How long多长时间，对时间段提问；How often多久一次，对频率提问。根据答语For two months可知，此处是对时间段提问，应用how long。故选C。6．C【详解】句意：——打扰一下，你是何时离开锦州的？——在2017年8月，我已经离开了大约两年的时间了。A. have left    已经离开，现在完成时；B. left离开，过去式；C. have been away已经离开，现在完成时，持续性；D. was away离开，表示状态。根据句意“在2017年，我已经离开两年了“可知，要用现在完成时，其构成为have/has done，leave是瞬间动词，在完成时中不能和时间段连用，要用be away.，这里是have been away表示离开。根据题意，故选C。7．B【详解】句意：我很抱歉让你等了很长时间。没关系。我也就在这等了几分钟。考查现在完成时的用法。for+时间段，前面用现在完成时，结构为have+done，要选择延续性动词。come是瞬间动词，要变成have been。故选B。8．A【详解】句意：自上学期以来贝蒂一直努力学习。那就是她考试成绩如此好的原因！考查动词时态。since last term自从上学期以来，表示的是一段时间；work工作，动词，是持续性的。根据句意，结合句子结构，可知本句是现在完成时态，Betty是三单人称，需用has构成完成时，故选A。9．B【详解】句意：他从图书馆借这本书已经有6天了。考查现在完成时态。borrow借，短暂动词；leave离开，短暂性动词；keep保持，延续性动词。根据“for six days”可知，时态是现在完成时，且谓语动词要用延续性动词。故选B。10．D【详解】句意：——你什么时候成为志愿者的？——我从 2008 年就加入了这个小组。考查现在完成时。joined参加；took part参加；have joined已经加入；have been已经成为。根据“since 2008”可知句子应用现在完成时，且谓语动词应用延续性动词，join为非延续性动词，因此应用be in the group表示“加入这个小组，成为小组的一员”。故选D。11．C【详解】句意：汤姆来这里恰好一年，但他的父亲自从十年前就在这里工作了。考查介词辨析。for后跟一段时间；since后跟过去时间。根据“one year”可知，是一段时间，因此第一空for符合句意；再者根据“ten years ago”可知，是过去的时间，since符合句意，故选C。12．D【详解】句意：——你确定玛丽能说法语吗？——是的。她学法语已经三年了。考查时间介词。during在……期间；from从；in后接某年某月某季节；for后接一段时间。“three years”是一段时间，要与时间介词for一起连用，故选D。13．B【详解】句意：她从18岁起就离开了家乡。她告诉我她很快就会回来。考查动词时态。since+过去式的句子，主句用现在完成时，结构为have/has done，排除C和D选项。一段时间要与持续性动词一起连用，leave是短暂性动词，be away from是持续性动词，故选B。14．D【详解】句意：我四月份见过朱莉娅，从那以后就再没见过她。考查动词时态。根据“since then”可知，时态为现在完成时，结构为have/has done，主语为I，助动词用have，此处表示否定用haven’t。故选D。15．D【详解】句意：——你叔叔有这台电脑多久了？——从十年前开始。他想买一个新的。考查现在完成时态。buy购买；have有。根据“Since ten years ago.”可知，时态是现在完成时，且谓语动词需要持续性动词，根据“your uncle”可知，其为第三人称单数形式，故第一空应用has，第二空用持续性动词had。故选D。