【高考英语】语法易错点30题精讲练：专题14 定语从句

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高考英语语法【定语从句】易错点对点训练30题
I.高考真题诊断·单句语法填空
1.Their child is at the stage she can say individual wrds but nt full sentences.
2.The students benefitting mst frm cllege are thse are ttally engaged(参与）in academic life,taking full advantage f the cllege's chances and resurces(资源）。
3.In 1963 the UN set up the Wrld Fd Prgramme, ne f purpses is t relieve wrldwide starvatin.
4.But my cnnectin with pandas ges back t my days n a TV shw in the mid-1980s, I was the first Western TV reprter permitted t film a special unit caring fr pandas rescued frm starvatin in the wild.
5.Scientists have advanced many theries abut why human beings cry tears, nne f has been prved.
【答案详解】
1.where 解析：句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不是完整句子的阶段。表示“阶段”，后接定语从句时，应该用关系副词where引导。
2.wh/that 解析：先行词为thse, 指大学生们, 故用wh引导定语从句，wh在从中作主语。关系代词that可以指人，填that也可以。
3.whse 解析：先行词是 the Wrld Fd Prgramme,空处在定语从句中作定语，这里限定 purpses, 故填 whse。
4.when 解析：先行词是表示时间的the mid-1980s,且从句中缺少状语，故填关系副词when。
5.which 解析：句意：人类为什么能哭出眼泪，关于这一点科学家们提出了很多理论，但没有一个得到证实。分析句子结构可知，逗号后是“代词＋f+which/whm"引导的非限制性定语从句。先行词是many theries，指物，故关系代词只能用which。
II.精选典题定语从句专题对点训练·单句语法填空
6. Having tea in the late afternn prvides a bridge between lunch and dinner,______might nt be served until 8 'clck at night.
7. Take an active part in the activities yu enjy______ yu can make many friends.
8. Thse wh can achieve high grades in class tend t be weak in handling sme practical prblems，_____is ften the case.
9. Over the years，I have met sme interesting peple.Tw f the mst interesting peple were tw elderly sisters，Jan and Bernice，______way f talking abut peple inspired me.
10. I have made a habit f saying“Thank yu”t thse _____ffer their seats t the fellw passengers n public transprt.
11. The air quality in the city，____is shwn in the reprt，has imprved ver the past tw mnths.
12. T me，the debating cmmunity is a great place_____ peple help each ther nt nly because they're interested in a higher cause, but because they care a-but hw peple frm different backgrunds can lead better lives.
13. The dcumentary is abut the peple_____ jb is t repair the relics in the museum.
14. The shelter，______is designed fr the thusands f traders and shppers at Bangkk's night market，has becme an attractin itself.
15. The ld man turned his business ver t his yunger sn，____made his elders n discuraged.
【答案详解】
6.which 解析： which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语。
7.where/and 句意：积极参加你喜欢的活动，在这些活动中你能交到很多朋友。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句， 先行词是activities，在句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where引导。也可填and， 构成“祈使句十and十陈述句”结构。
8.as 句意：那些能在课堂上取得高分的人往往不擅长解决实际问题， 这是常有的事情。as is ften the case意为“这是常有的事情”，为固定用法。
9.whse 解析：考查定语从句。whse引导非限制性定语从句， 在从句中作定语， 先行词为Jan and Bernice。
10.wh 句意：我已经习惯对那些在公共交通工具上把座位让给同车的乘客的人说声“谢谢”。设空处引导定语从句， 先行词为thse， 指人， 且关系词在从句中作主语， 故填wh。
11.as 句意为：正如报告中所表明的，在过去的两个月里，城市的空气质量有所改善。此处as引导的是非限制性定语从句，意为“正如，正像”，指代整个主句。
12.where 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，在从句中作状语，先行词为place，故用where。
13.whse 解析：考查定语从句。空处用作定语，修饰后面的名词jb，表示所属关系，并引导定语从句。故填whse。
14.which 解析：考查定语从句。先行词是The shelter， 空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，故用which。
15.which 句意：那位老人把生意交给了小儿子，这使他的大儿子很沮丧。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面一整句话的内容，并在从句中作主语，故填which。
III.精选典题简定语从句专题对点训练·单句改错
16. It was knwn t all，the Internet is playing an imprtant part in ur daily life.
17. Frm this experience I have learnt that questining can serve as abridge helps us t seek the truth.
18. There are many prblems when I am abrad alne，especially when I am in the Czech Republic，its fficial language is nt English.
19. He thanked me and jumped quickly in his car and drve ff，keeping the disabled parking space free fr smene needed it.
20. Besides，we shuld actively participate in sme activities that are related t reading，what we can nt nly get ur knwledge enriched but als gain a lt f pleasure.
【答案详解】
16.It→As 解析：逗号前为定语从句，所以要用关系词引导；It是指示代词，不能起到连接的作用；又因这个定语从句在先行词前，结合语境可知只能用as，且在句首要大写。
17.bridge后加that或which 解析：分析句子结构可知，本句主语为I，谓语为have learnt，that引导宾语从句，作learnt的宾语，can serve为从句的谓语，与helps之间无连词连接，由此可判断，bridge后为定语从句，先行词为bridge，指物，在从句中作主语，故用that或which引导该从句。故在bridge后加that或which。
18.its→whse 解析：句中含有一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是the Czech Republic.关系词在从句中作定语， 所以用whse，故将its改为whse。
19.smene后加wh 解析：考查定语从句。wh引导定语从句，在从句中作主语。
20.what→where 解析：考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句,先行词为sme activities，关系词指代先行词且在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导该定语从句。
IV.精选典题定语从句专题对点训练·短文语法填空
There was a time___21___I was tired f learning English and disliked speaking English. And this was the reasn___22___my father frced me t jin in a 30-day training in an English club befre I went t senir high schl. When I first came t the club，___23___I met many strangers， I missed my parents very much. S I packed up my things and wanted t g hme. Frtunately， my guide，___24___teacher was Yu Minhng，cmmunicated with me face-t-face，frm___25___I gained sme useful instructins.
He als intrduced a gd partner t me，and we gt alng well with each ther. Gradually I adapted t the life there. Everyday I wuld talk t ther teenagers and set dwn a series f activities___26___we did. I shuld be grateful t my father and the guide，___27___encuraged met f all in lve with English. Nw I feel it interesting t learn English，int___28___I put my entire energy. Every day I read my wrds and passages alud.In class I jin in English discussins. Befre I g t sleep，I recall the passages，thrugh___29___I can memrize a large number f new wrds. ___30___ur Eng sh teacher says，“As lng as yu frm the habit f learning English every day and have perseverance，yu will master English sner r later.”
【语篇解读】本文为记叙文，叙述了作者参加英语俱乐部的训练的难忘经历。在那里作者遇到了一位好老师，那位老师使作者对学习英语产生了兴趣。作者还养成了学习英语的好习惯。
21.when 句意：有一段时间，我厌烦学英语并且不喜欢山说英语。There was a time when...有一段时间
22.why 解析：This is/was the reasn why...这就是……的原因。
23.where 解析：先行词是the club， 关系词在从句中作地点状语， 故填where。
24.whse 解析：先行词为my guide， 代人定语从句后为：My guide's teacher was Yu Minhng. 由此 可见， 关系词与teacher之间是所属关系，故用whse引导。
25.which 解析：先行词指事，关系词在定语从句中作frm的宾语， 且介词frm在前面， 故填which。
26.that/which 解析：先行词是activities，且关系词在定语从句中作宾语， 故用that或which引导。
27.wh 解析：先行词为my father and the guide，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语，且指“人”， 所以用wh引导。
28.which 解析：先行词为English，关系词在定语从句中作介词int的宾语， 且介词int在前面， 故填which。
29.which 句意：人睡前我回忆文章，通过这种方法，我能记住大量的生词。先行词为一个句子，关系词在定语从句中作介词thrugh的宾语， 且介词在前面，故用which引导。
30.As 句意：正如我们英语老师所说的：“只要你们养成每天学英语的习惯并且坚持不懈，你们迟早会掌握英语。” 非限制性定语从句置于句首，故需用as引导。一．关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句易错点
类别
引导词
句子成分
指代
例句
关 系
代 词
wh
主, 宾, 表
人
Yesterday I helped an ld man wh lst his way.
whm
宾，表
人
The man wh/whm yu met just nw is my friend.
whse
定
所属关系，意为“...的”
I nce lived in a huse whse rf has fallen in.
which
主, 宾, 表
物或整个句子
Ftball is a game which is liked by mst bys.
that
主, 宾, 表
人或物
The number f the peple that cme t visit the city each year rises by ne millin.
as
主, 宾, 表
人、物或整个句子
She is the same persn as yu saw yesterday.
关 系
副 词
when
时间状语
时间
The time when we gt tgether finally came.
where
地点状语
地点
The huse where I lived ten years ag has been pulled dwn.
why
原因状语
原因
Please tell me the reasn why yu missed the plane.
二、关系代词that与which, which与as的用法区别易错点
that
与
which
只用that的情况
当先行词既有人又有物时
The writer and his nvel that yu have just talked abut are really well knwn.
They are talking f the herines and their deeds that interest them.
Lk at the man and his dnkey that are walking up the street.
当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；当先行词本身就是序数词或形容词的最高级时
That is ne f the mst interesting bks that are sld in the bkshp.
The first thing that we shuld d is t get sme fd.
When peple talk abut the cities f China.the first that cmes t my mind is Beijing.
The best that I culd d was t aplgize.
当先行词是 smething, anything, nthing, everything, few, all, nne, little, sme 等不定代词时，或当先行词是由 every, any, all, n, sme, little, few, much等修饰时
Is there anything that I can d fr yu?
All that can be dne must be dne.
We shuld d all that is useful t the peple.
Yu can take any seat that is free.
There seems t be nthing that is impssible t him in the wrld.
当主句是以 wh, which开
头的特殊疑问句时
Wh is the man that is standing in frnt f the crwd?
Which is the rm that Mr.Wang lives in?
当先行词由the last, the nly, the just, the very 等修饰时
My necklace is nt the nly thing that's missing.
This is the very bk that I'm lking fr.
She is the nly persn that understands me.
After the big fire,the ld car is the nly thing that he wns.
当先行词为主句的表语或关系代词在从句中作表语时
That's a gd bk that will help yu a lt.
Our schl is n lnger the place that it used t be.
只用which的情况
当“介词＋关系代词”修饰的先行词指物时
The table under which the by crawled was put up fr writing.
当引导非限制性定语从句，指物或前面整个句子时
He invited us t dinner,which was very kind f him.
当先行词本身是that, thse 时
What's that which flashed in the sky just nw?
当先行词后有插入语时
Here is the CD, as I have tld yu, which is f great help t yu.
which与as
在限制性定语从句中，当先行词前有 such, the same 或 s 修饰时，关系
代词要用 as
I bught the same bk as yu have.
I'll give yu such things as yu may need.
She is s nice a girl as we all like.
在非限制性定语从句中，which引导的从句一般在主句之后，而as引导的从句，可在主句前、主句后，也可插在主句中
He succeeded in the cmpetitin, which made his parents very happy.
As can be seen, ceans cver mre than 70%f the earth.
Einstein,as we knw(=as is well knwn), is a famus scientist.
There was a net bar arund here, as I remember.
在非限制性定语从句中，which通常意为“这，这一点”；as通常表示说话人的态度、看法、解释等，意为“正如就像”
Shakespeare is a famus writer, as we all knw.
He failed in the exam again, which was unexpected.
He failed in the exam again, as was expected.
在否定意义的非限制性定语从句中常用 which引导，而不用as引导
Yu pretended nt t knw me, which I didn't understand.
He came t my birthday party, which I didn't expect at all.
三、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中的易错点
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句的易错点
“介词＋关系代词”在定语从句中作时间、地点、原因状语，相当于关系副词 when, where, why
I'll never frget the day n which(when)I jined the army.
The factry in which(where)his father wrks is far away frm my hmetwn.
I dn't knw the reasn fr which(why)he was late fr schl.
“介词＋which”指物，“介词＋whm” 指人
This is the camera with which he ften takes phts.
This is the pilt with whm my brther has wrked fr ten years.
介词前有 sme, any, nne, bth, all, few, neither, mst等代词、名词或数词时，介词一般用f, 表示“所有”关系或“整体与部分”的关系
The Greens have tw daughters, bth f whm are cllege students.
He lives in a rm, the windw f which faces west.
介词＋关系代词＋定语从句”结构可以转化为“介词＋关系代词＋不定式”结构
I have a cmputer with which t lk fr much infrmatin.
＝I have a cmputer with which I can lk fr much infrmatin.
Rising emplyment gives cnsumers mre incme with which t pay fr fuel.
＝Rising emplyment gives cnsumers mre incme with which they pay fr fuel.
介词＋whse+名词
Mr.Wang, with whse help I finished the wrk n time, is ne f the teachers I lve and respect.
四、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别易错点
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
作用
起限定作用，限制、约束先行词，从句不可省略，否则句意不完整
对整个句子的意义并不重要，即使省略，主句仍然成立
结构
不用逗号与主句隔开
用逗号与主句隔开
功能
先行词不可缺少的定语
对先行词或主句作附加说明
引导词
作宾语时可省略；可用 that:可用 wh 代替 whm
作宾语时不可省略；不用that;不能用wh 代替 whm
翻译
译作先行词的定语
译成并列句
五、定语从句的其他易错点
先行词是way时的定语从句
way作先行词，表示“方法，手段”，且在定语从句中作状语时，后面的定语从句用that或in which 引导，也可以省略
The way(that/in which)he spke t us was suspicius.
I feel angry abut the way(that/in which)he has treated me.
先行词是time时的定语从句
time表示“次数”，用that引导或省略；time 表示时间，则用 when 或 at/during which 引导
Dn't frget, it'll be the first time(that)I've spken in public.
Dn't frget the time when/at which the wedding will start.
the time, every time, the mment 等后的关系副词可以省略
By the time(when)he was eight,he had learned t drive.
介词+关系代词”
定语从句中介词的确定问题
根据与定语从句中动词的搭配来确定介词
Water is the natural medium in which fish live.
对于那些由动词与介词构成的短语动词，通常不宜将它们拆开使用，此时应注意介词的位置应放在动词后
The by(whm)my sister is lking after is getting better.
根据与定语从句中形容词的搭配来确定介词
Physics is the subject in ur schl in which every student is interested.
根据与先行词的搭配来确定介词
I knw a wd in which yu can find rses.(注意搭配 in a wd)
根据句意来确定介词的使用
This is the bk frm which I gt the stry.
定语从句中的主谓一致问题
定语从句中，关系代词在从句中作主语时，其后谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致
Here's a letter frm Mr.Brwn,wh wants t cme t Paris.
在“ne f +复数名词”结构中，后接定语从句时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，但在“the(nly)ne f+复数名词”结构中，定语从句谓语动词用单数形式
He is the(nly)ne f the students wh is ften late.
One f the penalties f fame is lss f privacy.
定语从句与状语从句的区别
定语从句与时间状语从 句
when 引导定语从句时，从句修饰、限制先行词，跟在先行词后面
D yu knw the time when the class is ver?
when 引导时间状语从句时，说明动作发生的时间，可放在主句前
When the class was ver, the light went ut.
定语从句 与
地点状语从句
where 引导定语从句时，修饰、限制表地点（或抽象地点）的先行词
This is the place where we used t live a few years ag.
where 引导地点状语从句，说明动作发生的地点，where 前没有表示地点或方位的名词或代词，而是动词
A lt f buildings have been built where there used t be a wasteland.
定语从句 与
结果状语从句
关系代词as在定语从句中充当主语或宾语
This is such a difficult prblem as all f us can't wrk ut.
引导状语从句的连词that在从句中不作成分
This is such a difficult prblem that all f us can't wrk it ut.