【高考英语】语法易错点30题精讲练：专题08 非谓语动词

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高考英语语法【非谓语动词】易错点对点训练30题
I.高考真题诊断·单句语法填空
1.Mst clleges nw ffer first-year students a curse specially （design)t help them succeed academically and persnally.
2.Scientists have respnded by （nte) that hungry bears may be cngregating(聚集）arund human settlements,leading t the illusin(错觉）that ppulatins are higher than they actually are.
3.Mdern methds f tracking plar bear ppulatins have been emplyed nly since the mid-1980s, and are expensive （perfrm)cnsistently ver a
large area.
4.Earth Day, （mark)n 22 April,is an annual event aiming t raise public awareness abut envirnmental prtectin.
5.Fr the past 20 years,I have lived by these wrds.Sn I will graduate and becme part f the real wrld.Nervusly （face) challenges,I knw I will whisper t myself the tw simple wrds "Be yurself".
【答案详解】
1.designed 解析：句意：如今，大多数大学都为一年级学生开设一门专门为他们设计的课程，以帮助他们在学业和个人发展方面取得成功。a curse 与design是被动关系，因此用过去分词形式。
2.nting 解析：介词后接动词时，应用其动名词形式。respnd by ding sth.意为“通过做某事回应”。
3.t perfrm 解析：此处是“主语＋be+adj.+不定式”结构，不定式用主动形式表示
被动含义。
4.marked 解析：本句是主系表结构，由连系动词is 可知，空处填非谓语动词形式。mark在这里是“庆祝，纪念（重要事件）”之意，是及物动词，Earth Day 与之是被动关系，此处的字面意思是“地球日在4月22日被庆祝”，故用过去分词短语作定语。句意：地球日在4月22日举行，是一项旨在提公众环保意识的年度事件。
5.facing 解析：主语I与face之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式。现在分词短
语在句中作状语。
II.精选典题非谓语动词专题对点训练·单句语法填空
6.She failed this English examinatin again. This is because she smetimes has truble (pay) attentin t her study.
7.T his surprise, Jack fund his sn (dress) as Santa Claus n Christmas Eve.
8. (cmpare)with the traditinal trade mde, they dn’t have t spend mney in renting a huse.Hwever, there are still sme disadvantages t nline shpping.
9.Anther student, a 15­year­ld girl frm Guangdng, was afraid f exams. She wuld get very upset with the exam paper (lie) in frnt f her.
10.Failing (turn) in yur hmewrk n time will directly affect yur grade fr a certain curse.
11.Lng (cnsider) a masterpiece f Chinese literature, the nvel is generally acknwledged t be the peak f Chinese fictin.
12.Once (build), Xing’an New Area will reduce the burden f Beijing heavily.
13.It is very difficult fr parents t decide whether (have) a secnd child r nt.
14.The visitrs t Britain may find the mst marvellus place (enjy) the lcal culture is in a traditinal pub.
15.The Yangtze River， (knw) in China as the Chang Jiang is the lngest river in Asia and the lngest in the wrld t flw entirely within ne cuntry.
【答案详解】
6.paying 解析：句意：她这次英语考试又一次没及格。这是因为她有时很难将注意力集中在她的学习上。have truble (in) ding sth.为固定结构，意为：做某事有困难。
7.dressed 解析：句意：使杰克惊讶的是，他发现儿子在圣诞节前夜被装扮成了圣诞老人。此处为“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，用过去分词作宾语补足语。dress意为“给(某人)穿衣”，常用于dress sb.或sb.be/get dressed结构。
8.Cmpared 解析：句意：与传统的商业模式相比，他们不需要花很多钱去租房子。但是，网购仍然有一些劣势。cmpared with为独立成分，在句中作状语。
9.lying 解析：考查with＋宾语＋宾补。此处宾语与宾补之间是主动关系，应该用v.­ing形式。
10.t turn 解析：句意：不按时交作业会直接影响你某门课程的成绩。fail t d 不能做……；未能做……。
11.cnsidered 解析：考查非谓语动词。逗号后为句子的主体，逗号前应用非谓语动词作状语，cnsider与the nvel为被动关系，故用过去分词短语作状语。
12.built 解析：句意：一旦建成，雄安新区将大大缓解北京的压力。build与主句主语Xing’an New Area构成动宾关系，故此处用过去分词。此处也可以看作状语从句的省略，完整的从句为Once it is built。
13.t have 解析：考查非谓语动词。decide后用“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语，故填t have。
14.t enjy 解析：名词前有形容词最高级修饰时，非谓语动词充当后置定语常用不定式形式。
15.knwn 解析：主语the Yangtze River和knw之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语，表示被动。
III.精选典题非谓语动词专题对点训练·单句改错
16.I als nticed that they always seemed t dress well, and always had their hair and make­up d.
17.As we all knw, we can meet with varius challenges in ur life. Facing with challenges, what shuld we d？
18.Thught that his slutin might be wrng, I carefully analyzed the prblem and tried t wrk it ut in a different way.
19.I am writing t keep yu infrming f smething abut the severe situatin that they are faced with presently.
20.As fr me, I am lking frward t spend this precius time with my family befre I leave fr my cllege.
【答案详解】
16.d→dne 解析：have sth. dne为固定结构，表示“让某事被做”。该句中的their hair and make­up和动词d是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。
17.Facing→Faced或删掉Facing后的with 解析：考查非谓语动词。be faced with 为固定用法，故将Facing改为Faced。主语we和动词face之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故也可删除with。
18.Thught→Thinking 解析：分析句子结构可知，Thught that his slutin might be wrng在句中作状语，think与其逻辑主语I之间为主动关系，因此应用现在分词形式。故将Thught改为Thinking。
19.infrming→infrmed 解析：keep后跟复合宾语，yu与infrm之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作宾补。
20.spend→spending 解析：lk frward t中的t为介词，后应跟动词­ing形式作宾语。
IV.精选典题非谓语动词专题对点训练·短文语法填空
D yu like 21.________(travel) ? 22.________(stay) healthy while 23.________(travel) can help t ensure yur trip is a happy and enjyable ne. Here are the tips yu need 24.________(make) yur trip much easier. Make sure yu have gt a 25.________(sign) passprt and visa. Als, befre yu g, fill in the emergency infrmatin page f yur passprt! Make tw cpies f yur passprt identificatin page.This will help a lt if yur passprt is 26. ________(steal) .Leave ne cpy at hme with friends r relatives.Carry the ther with yu in a separate place frm yur passprt.
Read the public annuncements r travel warnings fr the cuntries yu plan 27.________(visit) .Get yurself 28.________(infrm) f lcal laws and custms f the cuntries t which yu are travelling.
Leave a cpy f yur itinerary(旅行日程) with family r friends at hme s that yu can be 29.________(cntact) in case f an emergency.
D nt accept packages 30.________(give) frm strangers.D nt carry t much mney r unnecessary credit cards.If yu make enugh preparatins, yu will succeed. Have a gd time!
【语篇解读】本文为说明文，给要去国外旅行的人提供了一些建议，以保障旅行安全，提高旅行舒造度。
21. travelling 句意：你喜欢旅行吗？本题考查非谓语动词作宾语。like后接动名词表示习惯性的行为。也可接不定式，只是不定式表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的行为，故这里用动名词更合适。
22.Staying 句意：在旅行的时候保持健康能帮助确保你的旅行快乐、有趣。本题考查非谓语动词作主语。用动名词作主语多表示抽象的动作。
23.travelling 解析： 本题考查状语从句的省略。此处省略了主语和be动词，应使用 travelling.
24. t make 句意：这里有你需要的提示来使你的旅途更舒适。本题考查非谓语动词作目的状语。此处缺目的状语，用不定式充当。
25. signed 句意：确保你已经拿到签好了的护照和签证。本题考查非谓语动词作定语。sign和 passprt是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词。
26.stlen 句意：如果你的护照被偷了，这会很管用。本题考查非谓语动词作表语。此处为过去分词作表语。
27. t visit 解析：本题考查非谓语动词作宾语。plan t d sth.计划做某事。
28. infrmed 句意：使自己了解要去的国家的当地法律和习俗。本题考查非谓语动词作宾补。yurself 和infrm 之间为逻辑上的被动关系。
29.cntacted 句意：留一份旅行日程的复印件给在国内的家人或者朋友，以便万一紧急情况发生他们能联系到你。本题考查动词的语态。设空处为过去分词。
30. given 句意：不要接受陌生人给的包裹。本题考查非谓语动词作定语。give与packages是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词。
一．非谓语动词的形式及意义
非谓语动词
主动语态
被动语态
意义
不定式
一般式
t d
t be dne
不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生
不定式
进行式
t be
ding
不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生
完成式
t have
dne
t have
been dne
不定式的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前
现在分词/动名词
一般式
ding
being dne
其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生
完成式
having dne
having been dne
其表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生
过去分词
一般式
dne
与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成
二．技巧点拨·如何解答非谓语动词题目
分析句子结构，辨别 “谓语和非谓语”
首先判定所给动词是否充当句子的谓语，如果是，就用谓语形式；如果句子中并不缺谓语，则用非谓语形式。所以在解题过程中，首先必须明白非谓语动词虽然与动词有关，但它们都不是谓语动词。其次，必须培养识别英语句子谓语的能力，因为命题人经常就一些多义词、多性(词性)词，尤其是熟词生义设置题目，增加句式结构的复杂性和干扰性，从而导致考生理解失误，不能正确地划分句子主干，继而造成失分。
[例1] A study f travelers (cnduct) by the website TripAdvisr names Yangshu as ne f the tp 10 destinatins in the wrld.
[分析] cnducted 本题存在一词多义、一词多性的特征，由于不能找到正确的谓语动词，考生容易误填was cnducted或were cnducted。因name的常见词性为名词，考生会将题干中的“names”误认为是名词name的复数形式。其实，在本题中，name为谓语动词，意为“选定；指定”，因主语“A study f travelers(一项关于游客的研究)”是第三人称单数，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式names。找到谓语之后，可轻松推知此处应填非谓语动词，再由“study”与“cnduct”之间是被动关系，可知应填过去分词作后置定语。
2．寻找逻辑主语，确定逻辑主语与所给动词之间的关系
非谓语动词虽然不能作谓语，但仍具有动词的特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就是逻辑主语。分析非谓语动词与其逻辑主语(逻辑上的动作执行者)之间是主动关系还是被动关系(也就是看其逻辑主语是动作的发出者还是承受者)。如果逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是主谓关系，则用
现在分词形式。如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，则用过去分词形式。但是当含有被动意义时，如果非谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则用动词不定式的被动式；如果非谓语动词表示的动作正在进行，则用现在分词形式的被动式。
[例2] The prducer cmes regularly t cllect the cameras (return) t ur shp fr quality prblems.
[分析] returned 句意：生产厂商定期来收集因质量问题而被退回到我们商店的相机。句中已有谓语动词cmes，因此设空处应为非谓语动词形式；且动词return与其逻辑主语the cameras之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语，故填returned。
3．分析所给动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作发生的先后顺序
非谓语动词所发生的时间是一个相对时间，即相对应谓语动词的动作发生的时间而言。非谓语动词的形式不同，所指时间的含义也不同。根据非谓语动词与谓语动词的动作发生的先后顺序确定用一般式还是完成式。如t have dne, having dne表示该动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前；t be ding, ding表示该动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
[例3] (wrk) fr tw days, Steve managed t finish his reprt n schedule.
[分析] Having wrked 考生容易误认为在句首设题，应填t wrk表示目的。然而，本题考查的是非谓语动词与谓语动词存在时间先后关系时的用法。并且句中的主语Steve与wrk之间为主动关系，因此应用现在分词的完成式having dne。
三．非谓语动词作主语和表语的易错点
1.不定式作主语时，一般表示具体某一次的动作。若不定式太长，常用it作形式主语而将不定式后置。
注意：不定式作表语时：
①表示预定要发生的动作；
②当主语是aim, purpse, idea, plan, wish, decisin, chice等词时，常用不定式作表语；
③主语为what引导的名词性从句时，表语多用不定式。
N matter hw bright a talker yu are, there are times when it’s better t remain silent.
T get there by bike will take us half an hur.
It's ur duty t take gd care f the ld.
T be kind t the enemy is t be cruel t the peple.
My chief purpse is t pint ut the difficulties f the matter.
His wish is t be a dctr in the future.
What I want t d mst in senir high schl is (t) imprve my English.
(如果前面有实义动词d的形式，作表语的不定式常省略t)
动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或习惯性的动作。也可用it作形式主语，动名词作真正的主语放在句末。动名词作表语时相当于名词，用于解释主语的内容。
常用于动名词作主语的句型：
①It’s a waste f time ding...
②It’s n use/gd ding...
③It is useless ding...
④There is n ding...
Traveling alng the ld Silk Rad is an interesting and rewarding experience.
Of curse, enjying a nice meal with friends, whatever we eat, can impact ur spirits.
It is a waste f time ging t the dctr with mst mild cmplaints.
It’s n use cmplaining withut taking actin.
It is n use fishing in this river; there are nne left.
3.V-ed形式不作主语，作表语时常表示主语的状态。
The windw is brken.
After the lng jurney, they are exhausted.
四．非谓语动词作定语时易错点
1.不定式作定语
①.不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。
②.序数词，形容词最高级，the last, the nly 等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。
③.被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见名词：ability, chance, idea, hpe, wish, fact, excuse, prmise, attempt, way 等。
不定式作定语易错点：
①不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。
②不定式作定语时，当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式使用主动式；
③当句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语且不定式与所修饰的名词或代词之间是被动关系时，不定式使用被动式。
The play t be prduced next mnth aims mainly t reflect the lcal culture.
He is always the first t arrive at the schl and the last t leave the schl.
And the best way t strengthen willpwer is t make it int a habit.
Suddenly a gd idea ccurred t her, but she culdn’t find any paper t write n.
Have yu gt anything t buy?
你有什么东西要买吗？(yu是buy的执行者)
I was watching the clck all thrugh the meeting, as I had a train t catch．
I want t g t Beijing. D yu have anything t be bught?
我想去北京。你有什么东西要买吗？(yu不是buy的执行者)
2.分词作定语
①作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：
现在分词、“being＋过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时，用“being＋过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成时，用过去分词。
②作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为：
现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示动作已完成，不表被动。
Tsinghua University, funded in 1911, is hme t a great number f utstanding figures.
Last night, there were millins f peple watching the pening ceremny live n TV.
On receiving a phne call frm his wife saying she had a fall, Mr. Grdn immediately rushed hme frm his ffice.
Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time spent with his students.
The mst cmmn errr made in hanging pictures is t hang them t high.
Lcal peple invited t attend a meeting are very pleased t share their experiences f hspital services.
五．非谓语动词作定语的解题思路
表示被动、完成用过去分词(dne)；
表示主动、进行用现在分词(ding)；
表示被动、进行用being dne；
表示主动、尚未进行用t d；
表示被动的动作尚未进行用t be dne。试比较：
①Tday there are mre airplanes carrying mre peple than ever befre in the skies.
②The bridge built in 2017 was designed by a lcal cmpany.
③The bridge being built nw was designed by a lcal cmpany.
④The bridge t be built next year was designed by a lcal cmpany.
六．非谓语动词作宾语易错点
不定式作宾语
The driver failed t see the ther car in time.
I happen t knw the answer t yur questin.
当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，常用形式宾语it
We think it quite imprtant fr us t learn a freign language well.
He feels it his duty t help the pr.
I find it difficult t learn English well.
V-ing 形式作宾语
We're cnsidering paying a visit t the Science Museum.
They nly allw smking in restricted areas.
七．非谓语动词作宾语补足语易错点
1.不定式作宾补
不定式作宾补时，宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，不定式表将来、主动。
If we expect peple t give up the habit f driving, we must give them an alternative they can rely n.
Father will nt allw us t play n the street.
2.现在分词作宾补
现在分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系，且强调正在进行的主动动作。
I heard Tm singing an English sng in the next rm.
On the tp f the hill,he culd see smke rising frm the chimneys.
3.过去分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see, watch, bserve, ntice, hear, listen, feel), 使役动词(have, make, let, get), find, leave, keep等。
When they gt there,they fund the huse burnt dwn.
The waitress asked the American hw he liked his steak cked.
八．特定动词后非谓语动词形式易错点
1.只接不定式作宾语的动词：
决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装
主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮
decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hpe/wish；refuse, manage，care, pretend；
ffer, prmise, chse, plan；agree, ask/beg, help
The plice fficers decided t cnduct a thrugh and cmprehensive review f the case.
Sn the villagers culdn't affrd t buy fd fr themselves.
I managed t get all the irning dne this mrning.
I prmise t cme fr a lng visit.
2.只接动名词作宾语的动词及短语：
cnsider, suggest/advise, lk frward t, excuse/pardn；admit, delay/put ff, fancy
avid, miss, keep/keep n, practice；deny, finish, enjy/appreciate；frbid/avid, imagine, risk；
can’t help(禁不住), mind, allw/permit, escape
考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想
避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏
禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准避免
There is n dubt that the event will attract mre visitrs t enjy visiting this wnderful city.
I always imagine flying like a bird.
I avid wrking in places which are t public.
3.不定式在特定的动词后作宾补的动词(短语)
advise, allw, ask, beg, cause, encurage,
expect, frbid, frce, intend, invite, rder,
persuade, prefer, require, remind, tell, want,
warn, wish, call n, depend n等。
I can't decide which t buy.
We dn't knw hw t put it int practice.
Mum frbad them t play ball in the public garden.
He'd managed t persuade Dad t buy a car fr him.
Hw culd yu allw him t d smething like that?
want, need, require作“需要”讲时，后接V-ing形式，主动形式表达被动含义；
（若用不定式则用t be dne）
与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)
My car needs washing/t be washed.
The huse wants painting/t be painted.
Yur hair needs cutting/t be cut.
以下词可接不定式，也可接V-ing形式，意义基本相同：
prefer, like, lve, start, begin, hate, intend等
I prefer ging t the cinema tnight.
I prefer t g t the cinema tnight.
I intend t rewrite the stry fr yunger children.
I intend rewriting the stry fr yunger children.
6.接“疑问词＋动词不定式”作宾语。
在动词learn, decide, knw, wnder, shw, teach, tell, understand, explain, advise, find ut等词后作宾语。
Please shw us hw t d that.
I can’t decide what t buy.
We dn’t knw hw t put it int practice.
7.接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词
①try t d 尽力做……
try ding 试着去做……
②mean t d打算做……
mean ding 意味着……
③regret t d遗憾要去做……
regret ding后悔做过……
④remember t d 记得去做……
remember ding记得做过……
⑤frget t d忘记去做……
frget ding 忘记做了……
⑥can't help(t) d 不能帮忙做某事
can’t help ding 禁不住做某事
Life isn’t a match. It’s a jurney. If yu spend that jurney always trying t impress thers, yu’re wasting yur life.
I tried reading the text withut cnsulting my dictinary.
I didn't mean t bther yu.
What he said means ging there by air.
Dn't frget t turn ff the lights befre leaving yur classrm.
I still remember being taken t the Famen Temple and what I saw there.
I remembered t lck the dr befre I left the ffice, but frgt t turn ff the lights.
I'm very busy nw,s I can't help (t)clean the rm.
The girl culdn't help crying when she saw her mther again.
8.V-ing形式还可以充当介词的宾语
动词作介词的宾语时，要用动名词形式，不能用动词不定式。由“动词＋介词”构成的短语，其后跟动名词作宾语，常见的有：
be/get used t (习惯于) feel like (想要)
insist n (坚持) bject t (反对)
get dwn t (开始认真做某事)
(致力于……)
stick t (坚持) give up (放弃)等
此外，have difficulty/truble (in) ding sth.；
have fun (in) ding sth.等句型中也用动名词作宾语。
Dn’t frget t turn ff the lights befre leaving yur classrm.
He entered the chemistry lab withut being permitted.
The authr begins his accunt f the tur in the frest mainly by describing varius sunds.
Just stp talking and get dwn t wrking.
Many lcal peple bject t the building f the new airprt.
D yu feel like eating ut tnight?
If she had had t give up riding she might have taken up sailing cmpetitively.
Many students have difficulty in delivering a
speech in public, but they can vercme it thrugh training.
九．非谓语动词作状语易错点
不定式
作状语
1.作目的状语，可用s as t/in rder t替换，但s as t一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。
During the Mid－Autumn Festival, family members ften gather tgether t share a meal, admire the mn and enjy mn cakes.
T draw maps prperly, yu need a special pen.
He pened the dr fr the children t cme in.
2.结果状语，常用于下列结构中：
nly t d(表示意想不到的结果)
enugh t d(足够做……)
d...(太……而不能……)； t...(如此…以至于…)等。
Tm tk a taxi t the airprt, nly t find his plane high up in the sky.
I drve t the parking lt nly t find it was fully parked with all kinds f vehicles.
He was s excited as t be unable t speak.
The ice is thick enugh t walk n.
The case was t heavy t be carried by a child.
3.原因状语
常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋t d”结构中。
I was surprised t find him here.
They were really pleased t see me stick with it.
We are very sad t hear that yu are leaving.
现在分词
作状语
分词作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、伴随状况等。为了强调，还可与while, when, nce, if, unless等连用。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。
1.表示原因，一般式表示动作与句子谓语动词同时发生；完成式表示动作早于主句动作发生。
Standing n the tp f the muntain,I felt relaxed.
Having been tld the meeting was cancelled, I went hme after wrk.
2.表示时间，其动作在句子谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生。
While waiting fr the train,I had a lng talk with Mary.
Having finished his hmewrk,Tm went t play basketball.
3.表示方式或伴随情况，常跟在句子后。
At the bell f the class,he came running int the classrm.
4.表示结果，跟在句后。
The plane crashed,killing all the peple n bard.
5.表示条件，置于句首或句末。
Wrking hard,yu'll succeed ne day.
6.表示让步，置于句首或句末。
Having been tld many times,he still repeated the same mistakes.
过去分词作状语
过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。
1.表示时间
When asked her further plans,she said that she wanted t be a nurse.
2.表示原因
Brn int a pr family,he had nly tw years f schling.
3.表示条件
If taken accrding t the directins,the medicine has n side effect.
4.表示结果
The girl met with an accident,wunded in the head..
5表示让步
Encuraged by his parents,he still has n cnfidence in finding a jb.
6表示方式或伴随
The ld man gt ff the bed,supprted by his sn.
独立成分作状语
有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。
generally speaking(t be general)一般来说
hnestly/rughly/strictly speaking
老实说/大体说/严格说
frankly speaking/t be frank坦白说
judging frm/by根据……来判断
cnsideratin/accunt考虑到……
cnsidering/seeing/given...考虑到……
t tell the truth/t be hnest说实话
cmpared with/by与……相比
t make things wrse更糟糕的是
十．独立主格结构易错点
非谓语动词本身有动词的特性，其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，用独立主格结构表示。
独立主格结构作状语
1.名词/代词＋形容词/副词/名词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式(
主动表被动)
Weather permitting, they will g n an uting t the beach tmrrw.
He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed n the blackbard.
2.with/withut＋名词/代词＋宾语补足语(现在分词/过去分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语)
With a lt f difficult prblems t settle, the newly­elected president is having a hard time.
Jhn received an invitatin t dinner, and with his wrk finished, he gladly accepted it.
I culdn’t d my hmewrk with all that nise ging n.
十一．非谓语动词的常用结构
have/get sth.dne
Yu'd better have/get yur car checked.
make sb./sth.dne
That's a special way t make myself understd.
make/have/let sb.d sth.
The teacher made/had/let us finish the hmewrk.
get sb.t d sth.
Yu shuld get yur parents t help yu.
find/catch sb.ding sth.
He was fund/caught stealing in the shp.
find sth.dne
He fund his rm brken int.
感官动词（feel,hear,see等）＋sb./sth. +ding sth.
I saw him wrking in the garden.
感官动词（feel,hear,see等）＋sb./sth.+dne
Did yu see the bridge washed away by the fld?
感官动词（feel,hear,see，ntice等）＋sb./sth.+d sth.
I nticed my teacher enter the classrm.
be wrth ding sth.(主动形式表示被动意义）
The film is well wrth seeing.
be busy/ccupied ding sth.
I'm busy writing a bk.
spend time/mney(in)ding sth.
They spent three mnths(in)learning French.
have difficulty/truble/a hard time(in) ding sth.
We have n difficulty(in)finding his huse.
There is n pint(in)ding sth.
There is n pint(in)waiting fr him any lnger.
have n chice but t d sth.
We have n chice but t turn back.
can/culd d nthing but d sth.
They were all s tired that they culd d nthing but yawn.
get dwn t ding sth.
I'm ging t get dwn t studying English this term.