【高考英语】语法易错点30题精讲练：专题15 名词性从句

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高考英语语法【名词性从句】易错点对点训练30题
I.高考真题诊断·单句语法填空
1.Every year, makes the mst beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
2.She asked me I had returned the bks t the library, and I admitted that I hadn't.
3.The manager put frward a suggestin we shuld have an assistant. There is t much wrk t d.
4.As natural architects,the Puebl Indians figured ut exactly thick the adbe walls needed t be t make the cycle wrk n mst days.
5.If yu swim in a river r lake,be sure t investigate is belw the water surface.Often there are rcks r branches hidden in the water.
【答案详解】
1.whever 解析：句意：每年，无论谁做出最漂亮的风筝都将会在风筝节获奖。空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语成分，且表示“无论谁”，故填 whever。
2.whether/if 解析：句意：她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了，我承认我还没有归还。空处引导宾语从句，根据句意可知，该宾语从句要用whether/if引导。
3.that 解析：句意：经理提了个建议－我们应雇个助手，要做的工作大多了。分析句子结构可知，空后的同位语从句用来解释说明suggestin的具体内容，从句中不缺成分且意义完整，故填that。
4.hw 解析：分析句子结构可知，这是一个宾语从句。根据形容词thick 及结构可知，这里的意思是“印第安人要算出土坯墙的确切厚度”。空后为形容词，因此空处应用副词，故填hw。
5.what 解析：句意：如果你去河里或湖里游泳，一定要调查清楚水面下有什么。经常有岩石或树枝隐藏在水下。所填词在此处引导宾语从句，并在从句中作主语，故填what。
II.精选典题名词性从句专题对点训练·单句语法填空
6. The histrical reasn fr beginning the new year in such a time is______it is the time between autumn harvest and spring plwing and planting. In ther wrds，it is the time fr rest， relaxatin and celebratin after a year's hard wrk.
7. Recently，a new research has suggested the pssibility in a ppular magazine______pleasant smells might reduce pain.
8. Yu shuld first explre yur talents and get t knw yurself s as t make a list f ______yu think yur real interest lies.
9. Thrugh the prcess f cmparisn，it might be easier fr us t under-stand _______imprtant belief really is.
10. With an ptimistic attitude and a strng will， we can vercme______difficulties we might meet with and achieve ur gals.
11. Earthquakes wrry peple a lt. The reasn is ______we ften d nt knw when they are cming. Peple can nt prepare fr it.
12. The difficulty lies in _______they will cme t ur help immediately.
13. They wuld appreciate it，t be frank,______the gds culd be delivered as sn as pssible.
14. ______ is expected t happen that small autmated buses culd make a difference when present human-perated transprt has prved inefficient.
15. It turns ut that lking attractive in phts isn't easy due t______the researchers are calling the“frzen face effect”.
【答案详解】
6.that 句意：在这个时候开始新的一年的历史原因是这个时间在秋收和春季耕地、播种之间。换言之，它是一年的艰苦劳作之后休息、放松、庆贺的时间。从句不缺成分，不缺含义。The reasn is that...为固定句式， 故填that。
7.that 句意：最近， 在一本流行杂志中， 有一项新的研究表明好闻的气味有可能减少疼痛。设空处引导同位语从句，对pssibility进行解释说明，且从句中不缺成分，意义完整， 故填that
8.where 句意：你应当首先开发你的天赋，了解你自己，以便列出一个你认为你真正的兴趣所在的单子。设空处引导宾语从句，作介词f的宾语，且在从句中作地点状语。
9.hw 句意：通过比较的过程，我们可能更容易理解信念是多么重要。设空处引导的从句作understand的宾语，且修饰形容词imprtant，应用hw引导该从句。
10.whatever 句意：拥有乐观的态度和强烈的愿望，我们能够克服可能遇到的任何困难，取得成功。通过分析句子可知， vercme后为宾语从句， 动词短语meet with后缺少宾语， 再结合句意可知用whatever修饰名词difficulties，连接宾语从句。
11.that 句意：地震让人们很担忧。原因是我们通常不知道它们什么时候发生。人们没法做准备。设空处引导表语从句，从句的结构和意义完整，所以用that。
12.whether 句意：困难在于他们是否会马上来帮助我们。分析句子结构可知，they will cme t ur help immediately是介词in的宾语从句，根据句意可知，设空处表示“是否”，故用whether连接。
13. if 句意：坦白地说，如果货物能够尽快被运送，他们将会非常感激。wuld appreciate it if...表示“如果将不胜感激”，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是评从句。
14.It 句意：人们预测，当现有的人力交通运输系统被证明效率低下时，小型自动巴士可能会产生影响。根据句意以及句子结构可知，设空处为形式主语，真正的主语是that从句， 故用It作形式主语。
15.what 解析：分析句子结构可知，介词t后面的宾语从句中are calling 缺少直接宾语，故填what。
III.精选典题名词性从句专题对点训练·单句改错
16. I was in such a hurry that I paid n attentin t if the milk was ht r nt.
17. Tday，English is which my strength lies. And I’m grateful t my English teacher.
18. The first reasn why I cnsider him as my best friend is because he has a very warm persnality.
19. One f the biggest cultural differences I nticed while in Lndn was why the peple f Lndn cnducted themselves.
20. The prblem is whether ne less hur f sleep is nt equal t an extra hur f achievement.
【答案详解】
16. if→whether 解析：if和whether都可引导名词性从句意为“是否”，但日受到很多限制，例如不能位于句首，介词后的宾语从句不能用让引导，不能跟r nt连用等。故if改为whether。
17.which→where 解析：分析句子结构可知，句中is后接表语从句， 引导词在从句中作地点状语， 故用where， 表示“英语就是我的强项所在(之处)”。
18.because→that 解析：考查名词性从句。主语为名词reasn，表语从句中的连接词要用that。
19.why→hw 句意：在伦敦，我注意到的最大的文化差异之一是伦敦人是如何为人的。根据语境可知，此处用hw引导表语从句， 表示方式。
20.whether→that 句意：问题是少睡一小时不等同于额外的一小时的成就。分析句子结构可知，is后为表语从句，从句的结构和句意完整，没有whether“是否”的含义，that在此只起结构连接作用。
IV.精选典题名词性从句专题对点训练·短文语法填空
It was reprted___21___there was an accident at the crner f Rman Street this mrning. N ne saw___22___n earth happened then. A car ran int a truck but frtunately, nbdy gt injured.___23___is respnsible fr the accident is still under investigatin. The plice are uncertain abut___24___the driver is guilty. ___25___the plice shuld d nw is ___26___they must find ut what led t the accident. They said it was difficult fr them t judge because___27___the accident happened was nt clear. Perhaps the reasn
was ___28___ the driver was t tired t stp the car in time. The driver didn't admit the fact___29___he was driving t fast at the turning. The plice dubted___30___what he said was true and decided t make a further
investigatin.
【语篇解读】本文介绍了一起交通事故。
21.that 句意：据报道，今天早上在罗马大街的拐角处发生了一起交通事故。“It十be十过去分词十that..!”为固定句式， 其中It为形式主语， that从句是真正的主语。
22.what 句意：没人看到当时究竟发生了什么。what引导的宾语从句作saw的宾语， 从句中缺少主语且表示事物， 故用what引导。
23.Wh 句意：谁应对这一事故负责仍然在调查中。“___3___is respnsible fr the accident”为主语从句， 该从句中缺少主语且设空处表示“人”， 故用wh引导。
24.whether 句意：警察不能确定司机是否有罪。根据题干中的uncertain可知设空处表示“是否”， 介词后不能由if来引导宾语从句， 所以此处应用whether。
25.What 句意：现在警察应做的就是他们必须弄清楚事故的起因。what引导主语从句， 在从句中作d的宾语。
26.that 解析：“___6___they must find ut what led t the accident”为表语从句，该从句中结构完整，不缺少任何成分，所以用that引导。
27.hw 句意：他们说他们很难判断，因为事故是如何发生的还不清楚。根据句意可知设空处应为表示方式的副词hw。
28.that 句意：也许原因是司机太疲劳了而没能及时刹住车。The reasn is/was that...为固定句式， 意思是“原因是……”。
29.that 句意：司机不承认他在拐弯处开得太快这个事实。that引导同位语从句，解释fact的具体内容。
30.if/whether 句意：警察不能肯定他所说的话是否是真的，决定作进一步的调查。dubt用在肯定句中时后面的宾语从句常用if/whether引导。名词性从句的句法功能相当于名词词组，在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。因此名词性从句又分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
类别
功 能
引 导 词
从属连词
只起连接作用，不充当句子成分
that, whether, if
连接代词
起连接作用，并充当主语、宾语、表语或定语
wh, whm, whse, which, what, whatever, whichever, whever
连接副词
起连接作用，并充当从句状语
when, where, hw, why
一、主语从句的易错点
主语从句的一般结构
主语从句＋谓语动词＋其他
Hw the bk will sell depends n its authr.
That he is the best student in the class is bvius.
it作形式
主语时的
主语从句
It+be/becmes/became+形容词／名词／过去分词＋主语从句
It is still a questin whether she will cme r nt.
It became clear that Mary did make a mistake.
It seems/ appears/ happens等动词＋that 从句
It seems strange that he shuld have dne a thing like that.
It happens that he can understand a little abut the language.
It remains t be+过去分词＋主语从句
It remains t be seen wh will be the victr in the cntest.
It desn't matter +hw/whether 从句
It desn't matter whether he is wrng r nt.
It desn't matter much whether we g tgether r separately.
用来表示惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，主语从句谓语动词用（shuld) d 形式
It is necessary /imprtant / natural /strange等＋that 从句
It is necessary that ne(shuld)bey the law.
It is suggested /requested /prpsed/desired等＋that从句
It is suggested that yu (shuld) attend the pening ceremny.
二、宾语从句的易错点
动词后的
宾语从句
主语＋及物动词＋宾语从句
I knw that he is an hnest by.
Can yu tell me hw I can get t the z?
I wnder if/whether yu have tld the news t Li Lei.
They asked what Jean was ding nw.
D yu knw wh has wn Red.Alert game?
feel, think, find, cnsider, make等，常用it作形式宾语，宾语从句后置
I find it imprtant that.we shuld keep calm in danger.
Yu may think it strange that he wuld live there.
I feel it a pity that I haven't been t the get-tgether.
I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.
like, dislike, lve, hate, enjy, appreciate等不能直接跟宾语从句，必须用it作形式宾语，后接宾语从句
I like it that everyne passed the exam.
I hate it when they talk with their muths full f fd.
think, believe, suppse, 等词后的宾语从句若是否定的，否定词要转移到主句的谓语动词上
I dn't think yur answers are right.
I dn't believe that man is killed by Jim, is he?
介词后的宾语从句
介词后可接宾语从句，但连接词whether 不可换作if
He ften thinks f hw he can make his class lively.
She wrries abut whether she's really gd enugh.
非谓语动词之后的宾语从句
不定式、v.-ing形式、过去分词后也可以接宾语从句
I'd just tried t d what I culd fr yu.
I suggest eating what is fresh.
宾语从句中的时态
主句谓语动词为一般现在时，从句时态根据实际情况而定
D yu knw when the ancient games began?
主句谓语动词是一般过去时，从句的时态一般用适当的过去时态
He asked me if I was reading the textbk when he was in.
当宾语从句为客观真理和规律时，则用一般现在时
He said that light travels faster than sund.
whether与if引导宾语从句的区别
与 r nt 连用时，只用 whether
I want t knw whether r nt the train ges t King Street.
＂whether+不定式”结构作宾语，相当于一个宾语从句；if无此用法
I dn't knw whether t g there.
介词后面的宾语从句中只用 whether
I'm nt interested in whether he has a lt f mney.
if引导的条件句中，如果再有表示“是否”的引导词引导宾语从句时，只用 whether
He asked me whether I'd mve t Beijing if I gt the jb.
dubt 在肯定句中，接 whether 和if引导的宾语从句；但在否定句中，只用 that
We dn't dubt that he is a brave man.
I dubt whether/if Jack culd manage a sailing bat.
三、表语从句的易错点
表语从句常位于连系动词be, lk, remain, seem等之后，其连接词还有as if/thugh,because等
主语＋系动词＋表语从句
The truble is that we are shrt f mney.
He lked just as he had lked ten years befre.
The questin is whether they will be able t help us.
The prblem is wh we can get t replace her.
I think it is because yu are ding t much.
The questin is which f us shuld g.
because 引导表语从句强调原因，why引导表语从句强调结果
It's because yu're careless.
That is why stne walls are used instead f fences arund New England fields.
the reasn why 从句＋be + that 从句
The reasn why he was absent was that he was ill.
what 从句＋be+that从句
What cmfrted the yung mther was that the baby came t life.
It lks/seems as if/thugh 从句
It lks as if it is ging t rain.
At that time, it seemed as if I culdn't think f the right wrd anyhw.
主句主语是advice, demand, suggestin, rder，requirement, idea, request，cmmand等时，表语从句用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用（shuld)d 形式
My advice is that yu(shuld)quit smking.
My suggestin is that we(shuld)start early tmrrw.
Our nly request is that this(shuld)be settled as sn as pssible.
四、名词性从句其他易错点
that与what在名词性从句中的区别
what 充当成分，意为...的事物不可省略；that 不作任何成分，只起连接作用，也无实际意义，有时可以省略
I nly knew(that)he was studying in a western cuntry,but I didn't knw what cuntry he was in.
What yu need is mre practice.
That yu will win the medal seems unlikely.
名词性从句已有疑问引导词时，不再用that
I dn't understand what yu said just nw.(understand 后不再用 that)