人教版(2024)九年级全册Unit 14 I remember meeting all of you in Grade 7.综合与测试学案
展开这是一份人教版(2024)九年级全册Unit 14 I remember meeting all of you in Grade 7.综合与测试学案,共11页。学案主要包含了语法详解等内容,欢迎下载使用。
非谓语动词
知识点01 定义与结构
【语法详解】定义:非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式,其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语,综合这两点,我们将其叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词包含四种形式,即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。其中,每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。具体如下:
【语法详解】不定式
常用形式:①基本形式:t d(表示主动,并且一般表示将来)
②被动式:t be dne(表示被动,并且一般表示将来)
③进行式:t be ding (表示主动和进行)
④完成时:t have dne(表示主动和完成)
⑤完成被动式:t have been dne(表示被动和完成)
⑥完成进行式:t have been ding (表示主动和完成进行)
语法功能: 1)主语:T master a freign language is very imprtant.
2)表语:My jb is t drive them t the cmpany every day.
3)宾语:D yu want t visit the Great Wall? Can yu give us sme advice n what t d next?
4)宾补:The teacher advised us t have a rest first. I didn´t ntice them cme in.
5)定语:不定式位于所修饰的名词,代词之后,如:Wh was the first ne t set t the tp f the hill yesterday? /He is the man t depend n/t believe in.
6)状语: A.目的状语:She reads China Daily every day in rder t/ s as t /t imprve her English.
注:in rder t 可以位于句首或句中,s as t 不能位于句首。
B.原因状语: I’m glad t see yu .
C.结果状语:They lived t see the liberatin f their hme twn.他们一直活到见到家乡解放。
△在“t…t…”结构中表“太…结果不能”,如:He is t weak t d the wrk.
注:t之前如果有nly, nly t 表“非常”、“很”意,此时不定式不再表否定意,而表肯定意。如:They are nly t lucky t g abrad fr a visit. 他们很幸运去国外访问。另外,t后如果是happy, glad之类形容词时,不定式也表肯定意,如:She was t happy t meet her ld friend in the street.
△在“形容词/副词+enugh+不定式”结构中表“足以能…”,如:He is strng enugh t d the wrk .
4.疑问词+不定式:可作主语、表语或宾语。
如:Hw t finish the wrk in time is a prblem.(主语)We dn’t knw when and where t g .(宾语)
6.不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系:
1)一般式:表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,或在谓语动作之后,或没有时间限制。例如:
She hpes t g there again.(在谓语动作之后)
It is necessary and imprtant t read English every day.(无时间限制)
The factry t make radis is ver there.(无时间限制)
2)完成式:表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
如:I’m srry t have kept yu waiting. /She seems t have been a teacher fr many years.
3)进行式:表示正在发生的动作且与谓语动作同时发生.
如:She happened t be writing a letter in the rm when I cme in.
7.不定式的被动式如:What is t be dne is unknwn. /The bridge t be bulit there is very lng.
【语法详解】动名词
常用形式:①基本形式:ding (表示主动)
②被动式:being dne(表示被动)
③完成式:having dne(表示主动和完成)
④完成被动式:having been dne(表示被动和完成)
语法功能:
作主语:Yur smking t much will d harm t yur health.(动名词的复合结构在句首作主语时,只能用sb’s的形式,此句中的Yur不可改为Yu。)
作宾语:I dn’t like his/him staying with us.
作表语:My jy is his winning the table-tennis game.(his不能改为him).
在remember, frget, regret, excuse, aplgize等动词之后,某些介词后,或某些习惯用语中,用动名词的一般式就可以表示完成式的概念。
如:I remember lending/ having lent him sme mney befre.
He frgt prmising /having prmised me that. /After finishing his hmewrk,he went ut fr a walk.
动名词的被动式
如果动名词的逻辑主语为动名词所表示动作的承受者,这个动名词就要用被动式。
如:The prblem is far frm being settled.
动名词与不定式作主语、宾语的用法比较
作主语:(1)多数情况两者可以互换。例如:Seeing is believing.=T see is t believe.
Talking is easy and ding is difficult.=T talk is easy and t d is difficult.
(2)如果表示一种具体、短期的行为,或表示将来的行为,宜用不定式。
例如:It tk him tw hurs t finish the wrk. T be a scientist is his desire(愿望).
(3)如果表示一种经常性、习惯性的行为,一般用动名词。例如:Getting up early is a gd habit.
作宾语:有些动词跟不定式、动名词作宾语皆可,意义也差不多:begin, start, cntinue, lve, prefer等。
有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语,主要有:wish, hpe, expect, demand, refuse, decide.有些动词后只能跟动名词作宾语,已学过的这类词有:finish, imagine, insist n,enjy, escape, cnsider, can´t help, admit, avid, mind, miss, practise, put ff(延迟)=delay, suggest. feel like, lk frward t, devte…t(ding),be wrth.
(4)有些动词后跟不定式、动名词意义有明显差别,主要有:frget, remember, regret, stp, mean, try, want, need, require, g n
A.frget t d sth. 忘记要做某事
frget ding sth. 忘记做过某事=frget having dne sth.=frget t have dne sth.
B.remember t d sth. 记住要做某事 remember ding sth.记住做过某事
C.regret t d sth. 遗憾(要)做某事 regret ding sth. 懊悔做了某事
D.stp t d sth. 停下(原事)去做某事stp ding sth. 停止做某事
【语法详解】现在分词
常用形式:①基本形式:ding (表示主动和进行)
②被动式:being dne(表示被动和进行)
③完成式:having dne(表示主动和完成)
④完成被动式:having been dne(表示被动和完成)
一般主动式用法:
A.作定语:The sleeping child is nly five years ld.(=The child wh is sleeping is…)/The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well.(=The girl wh is writing a letter can…)
The factry making TV sets is very large.(=The factry which makes TV sets is very large.)
B.作表语:The stry sunds very interesting./The news is very exciting.
C.作宾补:学用于see, watch, hear, feel, find, have, keep等动词之后。
如:We can see steam rising frm the wet clthes. /I saw Tm cming ut f the huse. /Dn´t keep the students ding hmewrk all day.
注:例如:I heard them singing in the rm when I passed it.(singing不可改为sing) D yu ften hear them sing in the rm ?(sing不可改为singing)
have sb. d sth. 与have sb. ding sth. 的区别:前者have=let, 后者have 有时表“keep”意,有时表“emply(雇用)”意。如:
I’ll have him g with me.我将让他和我一块去。
I’ll have him wrking in my cmpary.我将雇用他在我的公司里工作。
Dn’t have the machine wrking all day .不要让机器整天工作。
D.作状语:
①时间状语:Reading the letter, I culdn’t help thinking f my schl life.
②原因状语:Being ill, I didn’t g t schl yesterday.
③方式或伴随状语:Mary std at the schl gate waiting fr Betty.
2)完成主动式用法:这种分词所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前,一般在句中作时间或原因状语用.如:Having finished her hmewrk, she went t bed. /Nt having received his letter, she wrte t him again.
3)一般被动式用法:表示正在发生的被动动作
如:The car being repaired is mine.(=The car which is being repaired is mine.) /Being repaired,the car can’t be used.(=As/Because it is being repaired, the car can’t be used.)
完成被动式用法:表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动动作
如:Having been praised a secnd time ,I decided t make still greater prgress.
【语法详解】过去分词:dne
及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成;不及物动词的过去分词表示主动或完成。
plluted river 被污染的河流
fallen leaves 落叶
注意:非谓语动词本身不能表示现在和过去。非谓语动词表示进行、将来和完成时是相对于谓语动作来说的:和谓语动作同时发生表示进行;发生在谓语动作之后表示将来;发生在谓语动作之前表示完成。
过去分词的基本用法:
1)作定语:The stlen car was fund by the plice last week.
2)作表语:The glass is brken. /When I gt t the classrm,the dr was lcked.
3)作宾补:Yu must have/get yur hair cut.
4)作状语:Given mre time ,we can d the wrk much better.
知识点02 非谓语动词的作用
【语法详解】非谓语动词除去不能做谓语之外,其它所有成分都可以做。具体如下。
1.不定式:做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。
T learn a freign language is difficult .(作主语)
学会一门外语是很难的。
Tm wanted t have a cup f beer.(作宾语)汤姆想要喝杯啤酒。
His wish is t be a driver.(作表语)他的愿望是当一名司机。
I have nthing t say.(作定语)我没有什么可说的。
The teacher tld us t d mrning exercises .(作宾语补足语)
老师让我们做早操。
They went t see their aunt.(目的状语)他们去见他们的姑姑。
2.动名词:做主语、宾语、表语、定语和补语。
Learning English is very difficult .(作主语)学英语非常困难。
I enjy dancing.(作动词宾语)我喜欢跳舞。
I have gt used t living in the cuntry.(作介词宾语)我已经习惯了住农村。
His jb is driving a bus.(作表语)他的工作是开车。
3.现在分词:做表语、定语、状语和补语。
The stry is interesting.这个故事有趣。
He sat there,reading a newspaper.(作状语)他坐在那里,读着一张报纸。
The area being studied may be rich in cal.(作定语)这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。
He saw the thief stealing sme mney frm the bank.(作宾补)他看到小偷正在从银行偷钱。
4.过去分词:做表语、定语、状语和补语。
He is interested in the news.(作表语)他对这则消息很感兴趣。
plluted river(做定语) 被污染的河流
Given mre time,I can d my wrk better.(做状语)如果再被多给些时间,我会把工作做得更好。
I fund my watch stlen.(做宾补)
我发现我的手表被偷了。
知识点03 非谓语动词重、疑、难点
【语法详解】1.须用省去t 的不定式(d)作宾补的11个动词。
五看(see、watch、ntice、bserve、lk at)两听(hear、listen t)三使(make、let、have)一感觉(feel)根据谐音记忆法,我们可以记做“吾看两厅三室一感觉”。
例如:I saw a big bird fly ver the rf f the huse yesterday.
昨天,我看到一只大鸟飞过了屋顶。
注意:以上11个动词,也可以接现在分词和过去分词作宾补,但在时间和语态上会有变化,我们以see为例来区分一下。
see sb.d sth.看到某人做了某事
see sb.ding sth.看到某人正在做某事see sb./sth.dne 看到某人/某物被
I see him make the phne call.我看到他打了电话。(他打电话的整个动作我都看见了)
I see him making a phne call.我看到他正在打电话。(强调看到他正在打电话,并没有看见全过程.)
We ften see him surrunded by much wrk.我们常常看见他被大量的工作包围着.
2.只接不定式(不能接动名词)作宾语的25个常用动词
want、wuld like、wish、help、hpe、learn、manage、ffer、plan、affrd、agree、arrange、ask、beg、care、chse、decide、demand、determine、expect、fear、prepare、pretend、prmise、refuse
3.只接动名词(不能接不定式)作宾语的28个常用动词
practice、cnsider、enjy、finish、give up、imagine、keep、put ff、risk、suggest、admit、advise、allw、appreciate、avid、delay、deny、discuss、dislike、escape、excuse、fancy、frbid、mentin、 mind、miss、permit、prhibit
4.既可接不定式也可接动名词,但含义完全不同的8个动词
remember t d sth.记住要做某事(未做) remember ding sth.记得做过某事(已做)
frget t d sth.忘记去做某事(未做) frget ding sth.忘记做过某事(已做)
regret t d sth.遗憾要做某事(未做) regret ding sth.后悔/抱歉做过某事(已做)
try t d sth.努力做某事 try ding sth.尝试做某事
mean t d sth.计划做某事 mean ding sth.意味着做某事
can’t help t d sth.不能帮助做某事 can’t help ding sth.情不自禁做某事
g n t d sth.继续做另一件事
g n ding sth.继续做同一件事
stp t d sth.停下来去做另一件事stp ding sth.停下正在做的事情
5.所有非谓语动词的完成形式都不能做定语,如t have dne、t have been dne、t have been ding、having dne 和 having been dne。
【经典练】
1.It’s very kind ________ yu ________ thers when they’re in need.
A.fr; t helpB.f; t helpC.fr; helpingD.f; helping
2.An ld man ________ n the side f the rad was fund ________, and he was sent t the hspital by the bus driver and passengers immediately.
A.lies; diesB.lay; diedC.lain; deadD.lying; dying
3.The painting is really valuable t him. He will never agree ________ it.
A.sellB.sellsC.sldD.t sell
4.His cusin is a humrus man. He makes us ________ all the time.
A.laughsB.laughingC.t laughD.laugh
5.—Wuld yu like ________ shpping with me?
—Srry, I feel like ________ the bk at hme.
A.t g; readB.t g; readingC.ging; t readD.ging; reading
6.The new year is cming. Teachers encurage us ________ new hbbies.
A.develpB.develpingC.t develpD.develped
7.Mr. Brwn tld his sn nt ________ the paintings in the museum.
A.tuchB.t tuchC.tuchingD.tuched
8.——Hw is yur grandma?
——She’s fine. She used t_____TV at hme after supper. But nw she is used t_____ut fr a walk.
A.watch;gB.watching;gC.watching;gingD.watch;ging
9.Lk! The children are having a great time ________ a snwman in the snw.
A.makeB.makesC.makingD.t make
10.—Hurry up, Jasn! We’re ging t the cinema, but the clthes still need ________.
—Dn’t wrry. I think thirty minutes ________ enugh.
A.washing; areB.t wash; areC.t wash; isD.washing; is
1.It’s very kind ________ yu ________ thers when they’re in need.
A.fr; t helpB.f; t helpC.fr; helpingD.f; helping
【答案】B
【详解】句意:你真是太好了,在别人需要的时候帮助了他们。
考查固定句型。分析句子结构,本句是固定句型“It is +形容词+ f/fr sb. +不定式+其他”结构,it是形式主语,后面的不定式是真正主语,可据此排除后两项;形容人的特征时用介词f,而fr用于指出描述对象。本句kind表示“善良的”,是“yu”的特点,故选B。
2.An ld man ________ n the side f the rad was fund ________, and he was sent t the hspital by the bus driver and passengers immediately.
A.lies; diesB.lay; diedC.lain; deadD.lying; dying
【答案】D
【详解】句意:一个躺在路边的老人被发现奄奄一息,他被巴士司机和乘客立即送往医院。
考查词义辨析。lies说谎,躺;lay躺(过去式)或放置(动词原形);lain躺(过去分词);lying躺(现在分词)或说谎(现在分词)。第一空表示“正躺在路边的老人”,用现在分词作定语。dies死亡,动词三单;died死亡,动词过去式;dead死亡的,形容词;dying垂死的,形容词。根据“he was sent t the hspital by the bus driver and passengers immediately.”可知,还有生命体征,处于垂死边缘,第二空应填形容词dying,故选D。
3.The painting is really valuable t him. He will never agree ________ it.
A.sellB.sellsC.sldD.t sell
【答案】D
【详解】句意:这幅画对他来说真的很有价值。他永远不会同意卖掉它。
考查非谓语动词。agree t d sth.“同意做某事”,动词不定式作宾语。故选D。
4.His cusin is a humrus man. He makes us ________ all the time.
A.laughsB.laughingC.t laughD.laugh
【答案】D
【详解】句意:他的表兄是个幽默的人。他总是使我们开怀大笑。
考查非谓语动词。“make sb. d sth.”意为“使某人做某事”,结合此句型可知,“使某人大笑”为“make sb. laugh”,故选D。
5.—Wuld yu like ________ shpping with me?
—Srry, I feel like ________ the bk at hme.
A.t g; readB.t g; readingC.ging; t readD.ging; reading
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你愿意和我一起去购物吗?——对不起,我想在家看书。
考查非谓语动词。固定短语wuld like t d sth“想要做某事”;固定短语feel like ding sth“想要做某事”,故选B。
6.The new year is cming. Teachers encurage us ________ new hbbies.
A.develpB.develpingC.t develpD.develped
【答案】C
【详解】句意:新的一年就要来了。老师鼓励我们培养新的爱好。
考查非谓语动词。encurage sb t d sth“鼓励某人做某事”,使用动词不定式作宾语补足语,故选C。
7.Mr. Brwn tld his sn nt ________ the paintings in the museum.
A.tuchB.t tuchC.tuchingD.tuched
【答案】B
【详解】句意:布朗先生告诉他的儿子不要碰博物馆里的画。
考查非谓语动词。tell sb (nt) t d sth表示“告诉某人(不)要做某事”,动词不定式作宾补,故选B。
8.——Hw is yur grandma?
——She’s fine. She used t_____TV at hme after supper. But nw she is used t_____ut fr a walk.
A.watch;gB.watching;gC.watching;gingD.watch;ging
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——你的奶奶怎么样?——她很好。她过去常常在晚饭后看电视,但是现在她习惯了出去散步。
be used t ding sth习惯于某事 ;used t d sth过去常常做某事。第一个空表示她过去常常看电视,应该填原形watch;第二个空表示现在习惯了散步,应该填ging。故选D。
9.Lk! The children are having a great time ________ a snwman in the snw.
A.makeB.makesC.makingD.t make
【答案】C
【详解】句意:看!孩子们在雪地里堆雪人玩得很开心。
考查非谓语动词。have a great time ding sth.“做某事玩得很开心”,动名词作宾语。故选C。
10.—Hurry up, Jasn! We’re ging t the cinema, but the clthes still need ________.
—Dn’t wrry. I think thirty minutes ________ enugh.
A.washing; areB.t wash; areC.t wash; isD.washing; is
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——快点,杰森!我们要去看电影,但衣服还需要洗。——不要担心。我想30分钟就够了。
考查非谓语动词和主谓一致。need ding sth“需要被做”,排除BC;第二处“thirty minutes”是一个时间整体,be动词用is。故选D。
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