人教版(2024)九年级全册Unit 10 You’re supposed to shake hands.综合与测试导学案
展开这是一份人教版(2024)九年级全册Unit 10 You’re supposed to shake hands.综合与测试导学案,共8页。学案主要包含了语法详解等内容,欢迎下载使用。
动词不定式
知识点01 动词不定式作主语
【语法详解】定义:动词不定式,由“t+动词原形”构成,为非谓语动词结构,可以用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语等成分。
动词不定式作主语
(1)动词不定式用作主语时一般置于句首,其谓语动词用单数形式。
如:T see is t believe(百闻不如一见);
T lean ut f the windw is dangerus(身子探出窗外很危险);
T learn English well is very imprtant fr students(学好英语对于学生来说至关重要。)
(2)以it置于句首为形式主语,其后所接的动词不定式为真正的逻辑主语。
如:It's ur duty t take gd care f the ld(照顾老人是我们的责任);
It's very interesting t swim in summer(夏天游泳很有趣);
It is a bit difficult t finish the task in three days(三天内完成这项任务有点难度的);
It is very cnvenient t use mbile phnes fr self-study(用手机自学很方便);
It’s kind f yu t think s much f us(你如此为我们着想,你真是太好了);
It takes me twenty minutes t walk frm my hme t the schl. (从我家走到学校得20分钟.)
(3)when, what, hw, where等疑问词后接不定式置于句首时,常用作主语。
如: Where t g is still being discussed (去哪里还在讨论中);
Hw t slve it is still a prblem(怎么解决它仍是个问题);
When t hld the meeting has nt yet been decided. (什么时候开会还没有定下来。)
知识点02 动词不定式作宾语
【语法详解】动词不定式作宾语
(1)在英语中,hpe, learn, agree, refuse, start, affrd, prmise, affrd, hate, decide等及物动词后可以跟不定式作宾语。如:
I hpe t becme an excellent dctr.(我希望成为一名出色的医生);
She prmised t guard this secret.(她答应保守这个秘密);
We can't affrd t g abrad this year.(今年我们负担不起出国的费用);
She ffered t give us a lift.(她主动邀请我们搭车);
They decided t g t the cuntryside n vacatin. (他们决定去农村度假。)
(2)tell, learn, knw, shw, decide, frget, ,wnder, explain, cnsider, remember ,find ut等动词或词组,其后可以用“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语。
如:Please tell us where t mail these letters.(请告诉我们在哪儿寄这些信);
He will shw us hw t play the game.(他将给我们演示怎样玩这个游戏);
We must find ut what t d next.(我们一定得弄清楚下一步做什么 );
There are s many kinds f mbile phnes n sale that I dn’t knw which t buy.(有这么多的手机在折价销售,我拿不定主意买哪一种。)
(3)在“feel/think/find/believe/make+it+形容词/名词+t d smething”句型中,常用it 表示形式宾语,而动词不定式是真正的逻辑宾语。
如: feel it imprtant t study hard.(我觉得努力学习很重要);
I think it ur duty t prtect the envirnment.(我认为保护环境是我们的责任);
She fund it difficult t get alng with that ld wman(她发现那个老妇人很难相处);
Sme peple believe it implite t ask smene's age. (有些人认为询问他人年龄是不礼貌的);
The Internet makes it easy t cmmunicate with each ther.(互联网使彼此之间的交流变得很容易。)
知识点03 动词不定式作状语
【语法详解】动词不定式作状语
(1)动词不定式用作目的状语,可以位于句首、句中,意思是“为了……”,具有突出和强调的作用,常用固定结构则有in rder t d, s as t d等。
如: T catch the early bus, we gt up at 5:00.(为了赶上早班车,我们5点钟就起床了);
In rder t earn enugh mney, he ften wrks late int the night. (为了赚到足够的钱, 他经常工作到深夜。)
We went early s as t get gd seats.(为了占到好座位,我们早早就去了。)
(2)动词不定式用作结果状语,常见结构有“t…t d(太……而不)”、“enugh…t d(有足够…做……)” 、“nly t d(结果却)” 、“s/such …as t d”(如此……以至于)等。
如:The bx is t heavy fr me t carry.(这个箱子太重了,我搬不动);
He is ld enugh t finish it fr himself.(他已经长大了,足以独立完成这件事了);
We went t see her nly t find her ut.(我们去看她,结果却发现她出去了);
She is s prud as t lk dwn upn thers. (她如此骄傲以至于看不起别人);
(3)动词不定式用作原因状语,常用结构是“sb.+be+形容词+t d ”。
如:I’m glad t see yu(我很高兴见到你);
She was surprised t see the man(看到这个男子,她很吃惊);
They were excited t hear the news.(听到这个消息他们很激动。)
总之,动词不定式用法看似简单,但易于出错。在平时的英语学习中,同学们要认真学习,熟练掌握其用法,并适当加强训练。
知识点04 “特殊疑问词+动词不定式”
【语法详解】1. “特殊疑问词+动词不定式”的构成及用法。
动词不定式(t d)可以和疑问词what,which,wh,whm,hw,where,when等(why除外)连用,构成不定式短语。这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语的补语,状语,同位语等句子成分。
(1) “特殊疑问词+动词不定式”作主语。
Where t g is still a questin. 到哪里去还是个问题。
(2) “特殊疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语。
I knw where t find the by. 我知道到哪里能找到这个男孩。
(3) “特殊疑问词+动词不定式”作表语。
The questin is hw t learn English well.问题是怎样学好英语。
(4)“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语补足语
I asked her hw t learn English. 我问她如何学英语。
(5)“特殊疑问词+动词不定式” 作状语
She did nt knw what t d. 她不知如何是好。
(6)“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”作同位语
The questin whether t g trubled the girl.
是否要去的问题使姑娘很烦恼。
2.常与“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构连用的词
常和“疑问词+动词不定式结构连用的动词及动词短语有:knw, learn, see, hear, ask, tell, advise, decide, explain, find ut, frget, remember, think, understand, wnder等。
(1)有些动词,如ask, tell, advise,shw,teach 等,其后可跟双宾语。
Please tell me hw t get there. 请告诉我怎么去那儿。
(2)有些疑问词后面可以先接一个名词,再接动词不定式。如:what,which,whse,hw many,hw much等。
She wndered hw much mney t spend n clthes.
(3) 在“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构前,有时也可以是如sure,clear等形容词。
I am nt sure which way t take .
3. “特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构可以把复合句转为简单句。如:
I d nt knw what I shuld d.
= I d nt knw what t d.
【经典练】
1. healthy, yu shuld eat mre vegetables and less fast fd.
A.KeepB.T keepC.KeepingD.Kept
2.I dn’t have a partner ________ practice English ________.
A.B.C.
3.It’s my first time _______ China. It’s s wnderful that I lve it!
A.visitB.t visitC.visitingD.visited
4.Jack ________ his ID card this mrning. He wants ________ it. Call him ________ 289-6578.
A.lse; find; frB.lst; fund; atC.lst; t find; atD.lst; find; n
5.— Why is Nancy crying?
— Because her mther frces her ________ her teeth twice a day.
A.brushB.brushingC.t brushD.brushed
6.—What shuld we d when we play in the park?
—We shuld try ur best ________ plluting the envirnment there.
A.t avidB.avidingC.avidD.avided
7.Danny always makes his friends ________.
A.laughB.laughsC.laughingD.t laugh
8.Because f COVID-19 (新冠肺炎)in February, the gvernment advised us ________ at hme.
A.stayingB.stayC.t stayD.went
9.—If yu need my help, please let me knw. I will d anything I can ________ yu.
—N, thanks. I can d it all by myself.
A.t supprtB.supprtC.supprtingD.supprted
10.—Why are these teenagers trying ________ TV shws?
—Because they are really bad fr their study and health.
A.t watchingB.t watchC.t nt watchD.nt t watch
详解
1. healthy, yu shuld eat mre vegetables and less fast fd.
A.KeepB.T keepC.KeepingD.Kept
【答案】B
【详解】句意:为了保持健康,你应该多吃蔬菜,少吃快餐。
考查非谓语动词。根据“, yu shuld eat mre vegetables and less fast fd”可知,多吃蔬菜和少吃快餐的目的是保持健康,作目的状语应用动词不定式。故选B。
2.I dn’t have a partner ________ practice English ________.
A.B.C.
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我没有可以一起练习英语的伙伴。
考查非谓语动词和介词。分析句子“I dn’t have a partner ... practice English ...”可知,practice是动词原形,空前应用不定式符号t,“t practice English”作定语,修饰“a partner”;再根据practice sth. with sb.“与某人练习……”可知,第二空应用介词with,“a partner”是介词with的宾语。故选A。
3.It’s my first time _______ China. It’s s wnderful that I lve it!
A.visitB.t visitC.visitingD.visited
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这是我第一次来中国。它是如此美妙,我爱它!
考查非谓语动词。根据“It’s my first time ... China.”可知,物主代词/the first time t d sth.表示“第一次做某事”,不定式作定语,修饰名词“time”。故选B。
4.Jack ________ his ID card this mrning. He wants ________ it. Call him ________ 289-6578.
A.lse; find; frB.lst; fund; atC.lst; t find; atD.lst; find; n
【答案】C
【详解】句意:杰克今天早上丢了他的身份证。他想要找到他。给他打电话289-6578。
考查时态、非谓语动词和介词辨析。根据“this mrning”可知动作发生在过去,用一般过去时,排除A;want t d sth.“想要做某事”,排除BD;call sb. at“给某人打电话”。故选C。
5.— Why is Nancy crying?
— Because her mther frces her ________ her teeth twice a day.
A.brushB.brushingC.t brushD.brushed
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——南希为什么在哭?——因为她妈妈强迫她每天刷牙两次。
考查非谓语动词。frce sb t d sth.“强迫某人做某事”,空处用不定式形式,故选C。
6.—What shuld we d when we play in the park?
—We shuld try ur best ________ plluting the envirnment there.
A.t avidB.avidingC.avidD.avided
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——我们在公园里玩的时候该怎么办?——我们应该尽力避免污染那里的环境。
考查不定式。根据“We shuld try ur the envirnment there”可知,空处考查try ne’s best t d sth短语,意为“尽某人最大的努力做某事”,故选A。
7.Danny always makes his friends ________.
A.laughB.laughsC.laughingD.t laugh
【答案】A
【详解】句意:丹尼总是让他的朋友笑。
考查非谓语动词。make sb d sth“让某人做某事”,空格处填动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选A。
8.Because f COVID-19 (新冠肺炎)in February, the gvernment advised us ________ at hme.
A.stayingB.stayC.t stayD.went
【答案】C
【详解】句意:由于2月份新冠肺炎,政府建议我们待在家里。
考查非谓语动词。advise sb. t d sth.“建议某人做某事”。故选C。
9.—If yu need my help, please let me knw. I will d anything I can ________ yu.
—N, thanks. I can d it all by myself.
A.t supprtB.supprtC.supprtingD.supprted
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——如果你需要帮忙,请告诉我。我会尽我所能支持你。——不,谢谢你。我可以独立完成。
考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,“将做我可以做的一切”的目的是支持你,故应用不定式表示目的。故选A。
10.—Why are these teenagers trying ________ TV shws?
—Because they are really bad fr their study and health.
A.t watchingB.t watchC.t nt watchD.nt t watch
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——为什么这些青少年尝试不看电视节目?——因为它们真的对他们的学习和健康有害。
考查非谓语动词。try t d sth.“尝试做某事”为固定搭配。根据“they are really bad fr their study and health”可知,看电视是不好的事情,所以此处用try nt t d sth“尝试不做某事”。故选D。
相关学案
这是一份初中英语人教版(2024)九年级全册Unit 11 Sad movies make me cry.综合与测试导学案,共8页。学案主要包含了用法剖析等内容,欢迎下载使用。
这是一份人教版(2024)九年级全册Unit 14 I remember meeting all of you in Grade 7.综合与测试学案,共11页。学案主要包含了语法详解等内容,欢迎下载使用。
这是一份人教版初中英语八年级(上)寒假第09讲 动词不定式 学案,共5页。学案主要包含了基础知识,考点剖析,真题演练,过关检测等内容,欢迎下载使用。