人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 3 Food and Culture备课ppt课件

这是一份人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 3 Food and Culture备课ppt课件，共31页。
Teaching bjectives:
In this class, yu willrecgnize and summarize the meaning, frm and use f the past perfect tense and the past perfect passive vice;use the past perfect tense and the past perfect passive vice t describe a situatin that happened in the past.
Sense the usage f the past perfect tense
一、什么是过去完成时？
表示过去某一时间或动作之前发生的动作或状态，以及对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果。
例：1. By nine 'clck last night, we had gt 200 pictures frm the spaceship.2. All the tickets had been sld ut when they arrived.
past perfect
past perfect tense
过去完成时结构：had (nt)+dne
意义：过去完成时：表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前发生且已经完成的动作或状态。
had been dne
①When my family and I had just arrived in China, we went lking fr a gd place t eat in Beijing.②A Sichuan restaurant had been recmmended t us by a friend, and finally, we fund it.
观察下面句子，说出划线部分的结构类型及句中功能。
①划线部分是____________________，arrive这个动作是发生在went这个动作之前，表示过去的过去。②划线部分是____________________，recmmend这个动作是发生在fund这个动作之前，而且是被动动作。
过去完成时的主动语态　
过去完成时的被动语态　
befre(连词/介词) + 过去的时间点 “在...之前”by +过去的时间点 “到...为止”by the end f +过去的时间点 “到...为止”by the time +(一般过去时) “到...为止”
I ________________(finish) reading the nvel by nine O'clck last night.We ________________(learn) ver tw thusand English wrds by the end f last term.They ______________(plant) six hundred trees befre last Wednesday.They ___________(leave) befre we arrived at the schl. Breakfast ___________________(serve) by the time I gt up.
Examples and Exercises
had finished
had learned
had planted
had been served
基本结构：had＋动词过去分词
(1)肯定句：主语＋had＋动词过去分词＋其他。
(2)否定句：主语＋had＋nt＋动词过去分词＋其他。
(3)疑问句：Had＋主语＋动词过去分词＋其他？肯定回答：Yes，主语＋had.否定回答：N，主语＋hadn't.
—Had yu visited here befre? ——你以前参观过这里吗？ —Yes，I had./N，I hadn't.——是，我去过。/没有，我以前没有去过。
— Had yu visited here befre? — Yes, I had. / N, I hadn't.
(4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组＋had＋主语＋ 过去分词＋其他？
Where had yu been befre yu came here?
(5)被动语态：主语＋had (nt)＋been＋动词过去分词 ＋其他。
By the end f last year all the preparatry wrk had been dne.
三、过去完成时被动的基本用法
1. 表示过去某一时间或某一动作前已发生且已完成的动作或状态。如：The wrk had been finished by us by nine ’clck yesterday.Grace realized a mistake had been made by her.The prject had been cmpleted by the end f 1999.
1．表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by，befre等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。By nine 'clck last night，we had gt 200 pictures frm the spaceship.到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200张飞船发来的图片。
2．表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和fr，since构成的时间状语连用。I had been at the bus stp fr 20 minutes when a bus finally came.当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。He said he had wrked in that factry since 1949.他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。
3．叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。Mr.Smith died yesterday.He had been a gd friend f mine.史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。I didn't knw a thing abut the verbs，fr I had nt studied my lessn.我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。
4．在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。I returned the bk that I had brrwed.我已归还了我借的书。She fund the key that she had lst.她丢失的钥匙找到了。
5．过去完成时常常用在tld，said，knew，heard，thught等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。He said that he had knwn her well.他说他很熟悉她。I thught I had sent the letter a week befre.我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。
6．状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。如：when，befre，after，as sn as，till/until引导的复合句。When I wke up，it had already stpped raining.我醒来时雨已停了。She didn't g t bed until she had finished her wrk.她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。
1)用于wish后的宾语从句中，表示对过去未做成的事情的某种感叹或愿望。如：I wish I (be) there at that time.那时候我要在那儿就好了。（事实上我不在那儿。）I wish I (tell) him abut it.我要是没告诉他那事就好了。（事实上我告诉他了。）
四、过去完成时态常见的固定结构.
2)用于对过去事实进行虚拟的条件句中。如：If I had hurried, I wuldn't have missed the train.如果我快点的话，我就不会误了火车。If yu had been at the party, yu wuld have met him. 如果你去了晚会，你就会见到他的。
3)过去完成时常用在引述动词一般过去时后的间接引语中。They said that they had planted the trees n the hillside.他们说他们把树种在山坡上了。Jack tld me he （read） the bk befre.杰克告诉我他以前读过那本书。Julie said she （g）t see him the day befre.朱莉说她前一天已经去看过他。
4) think，want，hpe，plan，intend，mean和suppse等词的过去完成时可以用来表示本来要做而没做或无法做的事，或没有实现的希望或意图。Eve had hped t see mre f China.伊芙曾希望在中国多观光一番。I had intended t be there n time.我本打算准时去的。
动词think, want, hpe, mean, plan, intend, wish, expect, suppse等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。
1. We had intended t have a barbecue in the pen air, but the weather was bad.2. I _________ (wish) t becme a dctr, but I studied law at cllege. 3. They ____________ (plan) t see us ff at the airprt.
had planned
7．动词think，want，hpe，mean，plan，intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。They had wanted t help but culd nt get there in time.他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。We had hped t be able t cme and see yu.我们本来希望能来看看你。
5)用在“ 主语+ had hardly/scarcely( n sner) +过去分词+ when( than)从句”句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。The party had hardly started when Je left.I had n sner gt back t the kitchen than the drbell rang. I had n sner reached hme than it began t rain. 当hardly /scarcely, n sner位于句首时，主句要倒装。Hardly had we left the huse when it began t rain.Hardly Laura sat dwn when the phne rang.N sner I walked in the dr than they （arrive） .
8．过去完成时还可用在，n ...，it was the first (secnd，etc) time (that)．..等固定句型中。Hardly had he begun t speak when the audience interrupted him.他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。N sner had he arrived than he went away again.他刚到就又走了。It was the third time that he had been ut f wrk that year.这是他那一年第三次失业了。
(6)用于过去完成时的时间状语：by+ 过去时间点；by the end f +过去时间点；by the time +过去时间点；befre +过去时间点。I (finish) reading the nvel by 9 ’clck last night.By the end f that year, Henry (cllect) mre than a thusand pstcards.They (plant) 600 trees befre last Wednesday. By the time they arrived, we (get) everything ready.
had cllected
(7)用在“It was the +序数词+ time ( that) sb had dne”或者“It was the +形容词最高级+名词+ (that) sb had dne”句型中(从句用过去完成时) It was the first time ( that) I (be) t Shanghai.It was the mst inspiring perfrmance I (watch). (8)用在“It was+一段时间+ since sb had dne"句型中(从句用过去完成时) It was at least three mnths since I (leave) Beijing.
had watched
1. Befre I knew it an hur ______________ (pass) and it was time t mve n t lunch. ［全国III卷］2. Like many military medals, the ne Zac's mther ______________ (find) was a family treasure.［浙江卷］3. A rescue wrker risked his life saving tw turists wh____________________ (trap) in the muntains fr tw days.［北京卷］4. Mabry said he (nt plan) t d much fr his milestne birthday, s he was happy that the students (prepare) the surprise celebratin.［天津卷］
had been trapped
hadn't planned
had prepared
1．她告诉我她当空中乘务员好几年了。2. 她说她已来过上海。3. 我们到日本前学过一点日语。4. 我不想看那部戏剧，因为我已经看过了。
She tld me that she had been an air hstess fr quite a few years.
She said that she had been t Shanghai.
We had studied a little Japanese befre we came t Japan.
I didn't want t see the play because I had already seen it．
过去完成时与一般过去时1. 过去完成时：在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，表示动作发生的时间是过去的过去。 一般过去时：过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。2. 过去完成时：助动词had+动词的过去分词，助动词had没有人称和数的变化。 一般过去时：动词的过去式did/were/was。
③表示变化的词：g, get, turn, becme.
Grammar Rules
did/was/were
was/were dne
过去的某个时间/动作 之前
归纳：过去完成时的常见时间状语和句型
by / until / befre / by the end f+过去某时间点hardly / scarcely / n …;It was the first / secnd time that...