高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters学案

这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters学案，共14页。
I. 拓展词汇
1. _______ n. 幸存者；生还者→_______vi. 生存；存活 vt. 幸存；艰难度过
2. _______ vt. 影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动→_______ n. 影响：结果；效果
3. _______ n震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt. （使）震惊→_______ adj. 令人震惊的；骇人听闻的
4. _______ vi. &vt. 呼吸→_______ n. 呼吸
5. _______ vt. &vi. 复活；（使）苏醒→_______ n. 振兴；复苏
6. _______ n. 智慧；才智→_______ adj. 充满智慧的；明智的
7. _______ vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi. （因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦→_______ n. 疼痛；痛苦
8. _______ vi. &vt. （火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟等）喷出→_______ n. 喷发；进发
9. _______ n. 电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→_______ adj. 有影响力的；强有力的
10. _______ adj. 镇静的；沉着的vt. 使平静；使镇静→_______ n. 平静；沉着
11. _______ vt&vi. 递送；传达vt. 发表→_______ n. 传送；递送；交付
Ⅱ. 短语快记
1. as _______ 似乎；好像；仿佛
2. ______________ 严重受损；破败不堪
3. _______ shck 震惊；吃惊
4. _______ hand 现有（尤指帮助）
5. in the pen air ______________
6. first aid kit ______________
7. sweep away ______________
Ⅲ. 句式仿写
1. Chickens and even pigs were t nervus t eat, and dgs refused t g inside buildings. （t... t... 结构）
______________ t the Palace Museum nw; besides, it’s beginning t rain. 现在太晚了，不能去故宫博物院，况且又要开始下雨了。
2. It seemed as if the wrld were cming t an end!（as if句型）
They lked at me as if I ______________. 他们看着我，就像我已经知道了真相一样。
3. Everywhere survivrs lked, there was nthing but ruins.（everywhere引导状语从句）
______________, I will find him. 无论他走到哪儿，我都会找到他。
4. Wrkers built shelters fr survivrs whse hmes had been destryed.（whse引导定语从句）
______________, I saw a man shuting at a driver was blcking the street. 我看见一个男人正朝一个司机叫嚷，司机的车把街道堵塞了。
课中导学区
核心考点
Task 1 damage n. 损坏；损失 vt. 破坏；损害
（P48）Which buildings were damaged in Seul? 首尔的哪些建筑物受损了？
Damage caused by the earthquake disaster can’t be ignred. 地震灾害导致的损失不容忽视。
基础探究
cause/d damage t对……造成损害；损害&
damage ne’s health损害某人的健康
深度探究
destry、damage、harm、hurt和ruin的用法区别
变式训练
用damage、ruin、destry、ham、hurt的适当形式填空
(1) There are many ancient temples which have fallen int _______。
(2) That twn was _______ in a big fire.
(3) What they said and did _______ the relatins between the tw cuntries.
(4) His wrds _______ my feelings.
(5) Drinking t much can _______ ne’s health.
衔接写作
一句多译
众所周知，抽烟会损害我们的健康。
(1) As we all knw, smking can _______. (damage n.)
(2) It is well knwn that smking can _______. (damage vt.)
Task 2 affect vt. 影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动
（P49）82 killed, 500, 000 affected 82人死亡，五十万人受影响
The suth f the cuntry was wrst affected by the drught. 该国南方严重受到千旱的影响。
The nise frm the cming and ging cars f the rad affected ur study. 马路上来往车辆的噪音影响了我们的学习。
Mst peple present at the meeting were deeply affected by his speech. 出席会议的大多数人都被他的演讲深深打动了。
基础探究
be greatly/deeply affected/tuched深受感动
be affected by heat/cld中暑/着凉
be affected with high fever发高烧
effect n. 效应：影响；结果
vt. 引起；实现；使发生
have an effect n对……产生影响
变式训练
单句填空
(1) It can als _______ (affect) by pwer and class, but nt necessarily s.
(2) His timely help affected me _______ tears.
(3) _______ (affect) with a serius disease, he was n lnger able t speak clearly and he knew there was n hpe f recvery.
衔接写作
一句多译
每天熬夜一定会对你的健康造成很大的影响。
(1) Staying up late every day is certain t _____________________. (affect)
(2) Staying up late every day is certain t _____________________. (effect)
Task 3 shelter n. 避难处：居所：庇护vt. 保护：掩蔽 vi. 躲避（风雨或危险）
（P49）Shelters set up by the gvernment政府建立的庇护所
It’s s ht, and we’d better find a tree t take shelter frm the sun. 太热了，我们最好找棵树来遮阳。
基础探究
take shelter frm...躲避……
shelter... frm... 保护/遮蔽……不/免受
shelter frm... 躲避……
衔接写作
完成句子
（1）After the terrible earthquake, the hmeless need _____________________. 可怕的地震过后，无家可归的人不仅需要食物和水，还需要合适的住所。
（2）We sat in the shade, _____________________ the sun. 我们坐在背阴处，避免被晒到。
Task 4 （P50）Chickens and even pigs were t nervus t eat. and dgs refused t g inside buildings.
(1) 翻译：___________________________________t... t... 意为“太……而不能……”，t修饰形容词或(2) _______, t后接动词原形。
基础探究
（1）在t... t... 结构中有时出现可数名词单数，而该结构的形式通常为“t+adj.++a/an+可数名词单数”。
（2）t... t... 结构表示肯定意义的情况
当t之后跟表示主语的态度、情感、心情或倾向的词，如glad、eager、anxius、happy、ready、nervus、pleased等时，该结构表示背定意义。
衔接写作
同义句转换
（1）The huse is nt cheap enugh fr me t buy.
→The huse is _____________________。
（2）The prblem is t difficult fr me t wrk ut.
→The prblem is ______________ I can’t wrk it ut.
Task 5（P50）It seemed as if the wrld were cming t an end!
（1）翻译：___________________________________
此处as if引导（2）_______从句，可用as thugh替代。It seemed as if... 意为“（3）_______”。
基础探究
当as if引导的句子表示真实的或极有可能发生或存在的情况时用陈述语气。当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或不太可能发生或存在的情况时，从句用虚拟语气。动词时态的形式如下：
（1）从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去
时（be动词要使用were）。
（2）从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had+过去分词”。
（3）从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“wuld/culd/might+动词原形”。
Mre generally, the Internet functins as if it were my memry. 更通俗点说，互联网所起的作用更像是我记忆能力的延伸。
It sunds as if it were raining. 听起来像是在下雨。
变式训练
单句填空
(1) It was Jhn wh brke the windw. Why are yu talking t me as if I _______ (d) it?
(2) The secretary always acts as if she _______ (be) the real bss f the cmpany.
(3) The teacher treats the pupil as if he _______ (be) her wn child.
(4) The tw strangers talked as if they _______ (be) gd friends fr many years.
Task 6 in ruins严重受损；破败不堪
（P50）In less than ne minute, a large city lay in ruins. 在不到一分钟的时间里，一座大城市沦为废墟。
This cuntry’s ecnmy lies in ruins. 这个国家的经济崩溃了。
The city is nw in ruins. 那个城市现在成了一片废墟。
基础探究
be/lie in ruins成为废墟
fall int ruin毁坏；毁灭
cme t ruin毁灭；崩溃
变式训练
单句填空
(1) What left the twn in _______ (ruin) ?
(2) A large number f churches fell _______ ruin after the big fld.
衔接写作
完成句子
The heavy rain cmpletely ______________. 大雨把我们的假期彻底毁了。
Task 7 shck n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.（使）震惊
（P50）Peple were in shck—and then, later that afternn. anther big quake shk Tangshan again.
人们震惊了一然后，当天下午晚些时候，又一场大
地震侵袭唐山。
I lked at my husband in shck, waiting fr him t tell me that I had misunderstd everything. 我震惊地望着丈夫，期待他告诉我，这一切都是我的误解。
His situatin was a great shck t us all. 他的处境使我们大家都大为震惊。
基础探究
a great shck t sb某人极为震惊的事
in shck震惊：吃惊
shcked adj. 震惊的；惊讶的
be shcked at/by对……吃惊
be shcked t d sth做某事很吃惊
shcking adj. 令人震惊的
名师点拨
shcked adj. “感到震惊的”，表示人的心理状态和心理感受；shcking adj. “令人震惊的”，说明事物的性质特征、特点等。
变式训练
单句填空
(1) The news _______ (shck) the public, leading t great cncern abut students’ safety at schl.
(2) The news f his sudden death is s _______ that everyne is very _______ at it. (shck)
(3) I was shcked _______ (hear) that Kbe and his daughter died in the terrible air crash.
Task 8 trap vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n. 险境；陷阱
（P50）Sn after the quakes, the army sent 150, 000 sldiers t Tangshan t dig ut thse wh were trapped and t bury the dead. 地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。
When travelling they were trapped in the muntain, waiting t be rescued. 旅行时，他们被困在山上，等待救援。
If yu chse this way, yu’re likely t fall int a trap. 如果你选择这条路，你很有可能会落入圈套。
基础探究
trap sb int (ding) sth诱使某人做某事
be trapped in被困住……
set lay a trap布好陷阱；设下图套
be caught in a trap f...陷入……的困境
变式训练
单句填空
(1) She _______ (trap) in the burning huse.
(2) I was trapped _______ telling the persn all I knew.
衔接写作
句式升级
The team were trapped in the burning building and they were eager t be rescued. （用定语从句改写）
____________________________________________________________________
Task 9 bury vt. 埋葬；安葬：掩埋；使沉浸；使专心
（P50）Sn after the quakes，the army sent 150, 000 sldiers t Tangshan t dig ut thse wh were trapped and t bury the dead. 地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。
Their ambitins were finally buried. 他们的雄心壮志最终被埋藏了。
基础探究
bury... in... 把……埋到……里
bury ne’s face in hands双手掩面
be buried in埋头于：专心于：沉浸于
bury neself in
变式训练
单句填空
(1) She buried her face _______ her hands when she heard the bad news.
(2) Ever since he mved there, he _______ (bury) in his research wrk.
(3) In the past three weeks, we have been burying _______ (we) in study because the exam is drawing near.
衔接写作
一句多译
由于他埋头读书，因此他不知道外面下雨了。
(1) ________________________________________
he didn’t knw it was raining utside. (because)
(2) ________________________________________, he didn’t knw it was raining utside. （现在分词作状语）
(3) ________________________________________, he didn’t knw it was raining utside. （过去分词作状语）
Task 10 effrt n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
（P50）With strng supprt frm the gvernment and the tireless effrts f the city’s peple, a new Tangshan was built upn the earthquake ruins. 在政府的大力支持和市民的不懈努力之下，新的唐山从一片地震废墟中崛起。
Anther reasn why we shuld never give up is that we can learn frm ur mistakes nly if we make an effrt. 另一个让我们永不放弃的理由是只有我们努力了，我们才能从错误中学习。
基础探究
make an effrt t d sth努力做某事
in an effrt t d sth为了做某事
spare n effrt t d sth不遗余力地做某事
变式训练
单句填空
(1) I d believe that all yur _______ (effrt) will pay ff sner r later.
(2) As far as I’m cncerned, yu shuld make a greater effrt _______ (study) hard.
(3) If I am lucky enugh t be given such a gd chance, I will spare n effrt _______ (finish) the task.
衔接写作
一句多译
我们将竭尽全力帮助你，但你必须做好迎接各种困难的准备。
(1) We’ll _____________________ yu, but yu must get prepared t meet all kinds f difficulties.
(2) We’1l _____________________ yu, but yu must get prepared t meet all kinds f difficulties.
(3) We’ll _____________________ yu, but yu must get prepared t meet all kinds f difficulties.
Task 11 suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi. （因疾病、痛苦、悲Task伤等）受苦
（P51）What kind f help d yu think peple wh have suffered an earthquake need?你认为地震灾民需要什么样的帮助？
As far as I knw, he has ever suffered frm a serius illness. 据我所知，他曾患有严重的疾病。
基础探究
suffer frm患……病；因……而受苦
suffer frm cld/hunger受冻/挨饿
suffer lsses/pains遭受损失/痛苦
suffering n. 苦难；痛苦
sufferer n. 受难者
变式训练
单句填空
(1) Death finally brught an end t her _______ (suffer).
(2) She received many letters f supprt frm sme cancer_______ (suffer).
衔接写作
完成句子
(1) The cmpany _____________________ as a result f the accident. 由于那次事故，该公司遭受了重大损失。
(2) Even if he he _____________________, never gave in. 即使遭遇许多困难，他从不屈服。
课堂思学区
夯实基础
I. 品句填空
1. The machine we ften use is driven by _______（电）.
2. His bad habit _______（毁灭）his chance f having a bright future.
3. After the wman heard that her husband was killed in the car accident, she went int _______（休克）.
4. The plice set a _______（陷阱）t catch the escaped prisner.
5. She tk a deep breath and sat up slwly with great _______（努力）.
6. Perhaps the day will cme when peple will be able t _______（呼吸）clean air.
7. Latest reprts say that mud slides _______（埋）entire villages.
8. The number f families seeking shelter rse by 17 _______（百分比）.
9. After learning that the bys had been lst fr almst 20 hurs, the plice sent ut a _______（营救）team t lk fr them.
10. The gvernment appealed t the Internatinal Red Crss t help the peple suffering frm the _______（洪灾）.
Ⅱ. 语法填空
At abut 3: 00 am n July 28, 1976, peple in the city f Tangshan were asleep 1. _______ usual withut thinking much f the strange signs f the earthquake.
At 3: 42 am everything began 2. _______ (shake). One f the mst deadly earthquakes f the 20th century had begun eleven kilmeters 3. _______ (direct) belw the city. It even caused damage mre than 150 kilmeters away in Beijing. In less than ne minute a large city lay 4. _______ ruins. Tw thirds f the peple died r were 5. _______ (injure) during the earthquake.
Nearly everything 6. _______ (destry) in the city. Mst f the buildings were gne, and many farm animals died. Then later that afternn, 7. _______ big quake shk Tangshan. Even mre 8. _______ (build) fell dwn. Peple began t wnder hw lng the disaster wuld last.
But hpe was nt lst. The army sent 150, 000 sldiers t Tangshan. Hundreds f thusands f peple 9. _______ (help). Slwly, Tangshan began t breathe again. In times f disaster, peple must unify and 10. _______ (shw) the wisdm t stay psitive and rebuild fr a brighter future.
Ⅲ. 探究活动
Wrk in grups. Discuss the fllwing questins, and write dwn what yur grups think and shw them in class.
1. What factrs d yu think helped in the revival f Tangshan?
2. What ther cities r twns have gne thrugh similar changes?
3. What lessns can we learn frm these events?
Factrs helping t revive Tangshan:
1. ______________ 2. ______________
3. ______________ 4. ______________
Other cities r twns have gne thrugh similar changes:
1. ______________ 2. ______________
3. ______________
Lessns we can learn frm these events:
____________________________________________________
衔接高考
单句填空
l. （2020·新高考I）A fld had hit the area earlier that year and the damage it _______ (cause) had driven away a number f birds.
2. （2020·江苏）Athletes and scientists have lng knwn that meal timing _______ (affect) perfrmance.
3. （2020·天津第一次）Carrying adequate batteries, hwever, wuld make the plane _______ heavy t get ff the grund.
4. （2020·全国Ⅱ）I always read, using different vices as thugh I _______ (be) acting ut the stries with my vice and they lved it!
5. （2020·全国Ⅱ）And I went hme, and ver that weekend I wrte the stry Cliffrd the Big Red Dg, and _______ (shck) when it was accepted fr publicatin, because I’d never written anything befre.
6. （2020·全国I）While Queensland Rail _______ (make) every effrt t ensure trains run as scheduled, there can be n guarantee f cnnectins between trains r between train services and bus services.
参考答案
课前预学区
I. 1. survivr; survive 2. affect; effect 3. shck; shcking 4. breathe:breath
5. revive; revival 6. wisdm; wise 7. suffer; suffering 8. erupt; eruptin
9. pwer:pwerful 10. calm; calmness 11. deliver; delivery
Ⅱ. 1. thugh/if 2. in ruins 3. in 4. n 5. 露天；在户外
6. 急救箱 7. 消灭；彻底消除
Ⅲ. 1. It’s t late t g 2. had knwn the truth already
3. Everywhere he ges 4. whse car
课中导学区
Task 1
变式训练 (1) ruins (2) destryed (3) damaged (4) hurt (5) harm damage
衔接写作 (1) d/cause damage t ur health (2) damage ur health
Task 2
变式训练 (1) be affected (2) t (3) Affected
衔接写作 (1) affect yur health greatly (2) have a great effect n yur health
Task 3
衔接写作 (l) nt nly fd and water but als prper shelter
(2) sheltering frm
Task 4
(1) 鸡，甚至猪都紧张得不吃东西，狗也不愿进屋子里。
(2) 副词
衔接写作 (1) t expensive fr me t buy (2) s difficult that
Task 5
(1) 仿佛世界末日即将来临！ (2) 表语 (3) 似乎，看起来……
变式训练 (1) had dne (2) were (3) were (4) had been
Task 6
变式训练 (1) ruins (2) int
衔接写作ruined ur hliday
Task 7
变式训练 (1) shcked (2) shcking; shcked (3) t hear
Task 8
变式训练 (1) was trapped (2) int
衔接写作The team wh were trapped in the burning building were eager t be rescued.
Task 9
变式训练 (l) in (2) has been buried (3) urselves
衔接写作 (1) Because he buried himself/was buried in the bk
(2) Burying himself in the bk (3) Buried in the bk
Task 10
变式训练 (1) effrts (2) t study (3) t finish
衔接写作 (l) try/d ur best t help (2) make an effrt t help
(3) spare n effrt t help
Task 11
变式训练 (1) suffering (2) sufferers
衔接写作 (1) suffered a great lss (2) suffered frm a lt f difficulties
课堂思学区
夯实基础
I. 1. electricity 2. ruined 3. shck 4. trap 5. effrt
6. breathe 7. buried 8. percent 9. rescue 10. flds
II. 1. as 2. t shake 3. directly 4. in 5. injured
6. was destryed 7. anther 8. buildings 9. were helped 10. shw
Ⅲ. 略
衔接高考
1. caused 2. affects 3. t 4. were 5. was shcked 6. makesdestry
“毁灭：消灭”，主要指通过某种有力的或粗暴的手段使之毁灭或无用，一般不能或很难恢复
damage
“损失”，主要用于物，表示部分的损失，一般可以修复
harm
“伤害；损害”，常用于口语，指肉体、精神、健康等方面的伤害
hurt
主要指精神上或肉体上的“创伤；损害”
ruin
表示严重破坏，以致不能修复，但这种破坏不像destry那样毁灭得彻底，而是强调致使该物的使用价值产生了问题。用作动词时，表示“使毁灭；使崩溃：弄糟”：用作名词时，表示“毁灭；瓦解；废墟”