还剩12页未读，
继续阅读
所属成套资源：人教版英语必修第三册导学案全套
成套系列资料，整套一键下载
人教版（2019）专题课——阅读之主旨大意题、词义猜测题学案
展开
这是一份人教版 (2019)必修 第三册本册综合优质学案，共15页。学案主要包含了语篇解读等内容，欢迎下载使用。
阅读全面突破之主旨大意题
主旨大意题考査学生把握全文主旨大意和中心思想的能力。做这类试题需要考生具有总体把探文章的能力，以及善于运用判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的能力。主旨大意题一般对文章的主要内容、中心思想、段落大意、标题、写作意图等方面进行考査。
从考查形势上看，从原来简单的主旨归纳变得综合性越来越强。同时文章的行文跳跃性较强，次序变化大，隐含信息增多。因此，主旨题的答案判断的干扰性越来越强，不能直接根据主题句来判断答案。未来对主旨大意题的考查数量和设题要求不会改变。
考法透析
主旨大意题主要考查学生对所读材料(或所读材料片断)中心思想的概括。做这类题时，考生应通读全文，把握文章大意或中心思想，同时注意文章的主题句，因为主题句表达了文章的中心思想，而其他句子均围绕主题句展开。主题句通常位于文章第一段首句、第一段末句或全文末句等地方，但有时也位于段落中间(通常是第一段或最后一段的中间)。主旨大意题的考查形式很多，如概括标题、主题、段意、中心思想等。常见的设问方式有：
The general/main idea f the passage is abut ________.
Which f the fllwing best states the theme f the passage?
In this passage the authr discusses primarily ________.
The passage is mstly abut ________.
The passage is mainly cncerned abut ________.
The tpic/subject discussed in this passage is ________.
The best title/headline fr this passage is ________.
The subject discussed in this text is ________.
The authr’s main purpse in writing the passage is t ________.
Which f the fllwing statements best expresses the main idea f the passage?
The purpse f this article is ________.
The main idea/key pint f this passage is that ________.
考点1 归纳段落大意
段落大意是指一篇文章各个段落的主要意思，是对一个段落的基本内容的简缩和初步的概括。概括段落大意时，一定要在把握全段或全文中心的基础上进行，做到围绕中心，注意连贯，同时，还要注意段落大意是否与全篇相称。段落大意要用明确、完整、简洁的语句表达。如：
…
I am nt special, just single-minded. It always struck me that when yu’re lking at a big challenge frm the utside it lks huge, but when yu’re in the midst f it, it just seems nrmal. Everything yu want wn’t arrive in yur life n ne day. It’s a prcess. Remember: little steps add up t big dreams.
What des the authr mstly want t tell us in the last paragraph?
A. Failure is the mther f success.
B. Little by little, ne ges far.
C. Every cin has tw sides.
D. Well begun, half dne.
【解析】主旨大意题——归纳段落大意。本段最后一句话 Remember: little steps add up t big
dreams.体现了作者对于实现梦想的看法。这句话与选项B含义一致，都是告诉我们：不积跬步，无以至千里。
考点2 概括文章主旨
文章的主旨是通过段落来表达的，而段落的大意主要由主题句来体现，所以段落的主题句是构成文章中心思想的有机组成部分。因此，识别各段落的主题句并由此归纳出文章的中心思想是解答该类题的关键。
快速阅读文章找出各个段落的主题句，把各个段落的主题句联系起来并着眼全文结构安排，就能概括出文章的中心。如：
Using t much water r thrwing rubbish int ur rivers are clear ways that humans can put ur water supply in danger, but we als affect ur water supply in less bvius ways. Yu may wnder hw paving（铺砌） a rad can lead t less useable fresh water. A majr part f the water we use every day is grundwater. Grundwater des nt cme frm lakes r rivers. It cmes frm undergrund. The mre rads and parking lts we pave, the less water can flw int the grund t becme grundwater.
Human activity is nt respnsible fr all water shrtages（短缺）. Drier climates are f curse mre likely t have drughts（干早）than areas with mre rainfall, but in any case, gd management can help t make sure there is enugh water t meet ur basic needs.
Thinking abut the way we use water every day can make a big difference, t. In the United States, a family f fur can use 1. 5 tns f water a day! This shws hw much we depend n water t live, but there’s a lt we can d t lwer the number.
Yu can take steps t save water in yur hme. T start with, use the same glass fr yur drinking water all day. Wash it nly nce a day. Run yur dishwasher（洗碗机）nly when it is full. Help yur parents fix any leaks in yur hme. Yu can even help t keep ur water supply clean by recycling batteries instead f thrwing them away.
The text is mainly abut ________.
A. why paving rads reduces ur water
B. hw human activity affects ur water supply
C. why drughts ccur mre in dry climates
D. hw much we depend n water t live
【解析】主旨大意题一概括文章主旨。这篇短文主要描述了人类活动对于水供应的隐形影响。hw human activity affects ur water supply“人类活动如何影响我们的水供应”是本文的主皆。故选B项。
考点3 概括文章标题
In 2012. the Twer f Lndn welcmed tw new inhabitants: a pair f ravens（乌鸦）named Jubilee and Grip. Their arrival celebrated the bicentenary（二百周年） f Charles Dickens’s birth. This Grip was the third f the Twer ravens t be named after the nvelist’s wn pet bird. One f his predecessrs（前辈）was resident during Wrld War II; he and his mate Mabel were the nly ravens t survive a bmbing attack n the Twer.
Dickens’s Grip, wh had an impressive vcabulary, appears as a character in the authrs fifth nvel, Barnaby Rudge. On January 28, 1841, Dickens wrte t his friend Gerge Cattermle: “my ntin is t have [Barnaby] always in cmpany with a pet raven, wh is immeasurably mre knwing than himself. T this end I have been studying my bird, and think I culd make a very distinctive character f him.”
Unfrtunately, just a few weeks after Dickens wrte that letter, Grip died, prbably as a result f having stlen and eaten paint sme mnths earlier. The bird had develped a strange habit— tearing sectins ff painted surfaces (including the family’s carriage) and even drinking a quantity f white paint ut f a tin. Dickens murned his lss and wrte a humrus letter t his friend, the illustratr Daniel Maclise, abut the raven’s death.
He related hw, when Grip began t shw signs f sickness, the vet was called and “administered a pwerful dse f castr（蓖麻）il”. Initially this seemed t have a psitive effect and the authr was thrilled t see Grip restred t his usual persnality when he bit the cachman (wh was used t the raven and tk it in gd humr). The fllwing mrning, Grip was able t eat “sme warm prridge”, but his recvery was shrt-lived.
As Dickens wrte t Maclise, “On the clck striking twelve he appeared slightly upset, but sn recvered, walking twice r thrice alng the cachhuse, stpped t bark, exclaimed ‘Hell ld girl’ (his favrite expressin) and died. He behaved thrughut with a decent manner, which cannt be t much admired…The children seem rather glad f it. He bit their ankles. But that was play.”
Which f the fllwing can be the best title f the passage?
A. A bird in a nvel
B. The writer’s bird
C. The death f a bird
D. Dickens and his bird
【解析】主旨大意题——概括文章标题。根文章的内容和第一段的句子“In 2012. the Twer f Lndn welcmed tw new inhabitants: a pair f ravens named Jubilee and Grip. Their arrival celebrated the bicentenary f Charles Dickens’s birth.”可知，文章介绍伦敦塔迎来两只乌鸦庆祝狄更斯的出生，然后介绍狄更斯的宠物乌鸦的独特之处和它是怎么死的。所以用 The writer’s bird作为标题比较合适。故选B项。虽然文中介绍了狄更斯写的小说里的一只鸟，但这不是文章的主要内容，所以A项错误。虽然文中介绍了Grip是如何死亡的，但这不是文章的主要内容，所以C项错课。文章主要侧重于介绍狄更斯的鸟，对他本人没有过多描写，所D项错误。
方法攻略
1. 仔细审题，看好范围
搞清楚是问某一段还是全文的主旨要义。正确选项的特点是：一般不出现细节信息；不含过于肯定或绝对的词语。
2. 使用略读，迅速将全段或全文浏览一遍
在阅读中，应尽量利用有关信息词确定主题句的位置，比如在fr example， first， secnd等之前的句子中或在all in all，abve all之后的句子中寻找并确定。
3. 重视全文或所问段落的首句和尾句
段落中出现转折时，该句很可能是主题句；作者有意识地反复重复的观点通常是主旨；首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的解答通常就是文章主旨；同时还要注意那些提出文章主旨时常伴有的单词或短语提示：therefre，thus，but，hwever，in shrt等。
4. 进行分析概括，准确找出主旨要义
对于主题隐含的段落，要先弄清问题的意思然后快速通读文章，逐项排除，最终确定答案。
5. 确认选项内容是否切中文章的中心论题
要从整篇文章出发归纳概括文章的标题，防止本末倒置、主次不分，避免以点代面、以偏概全，这样才能排除干扰，选出正确的答案。
6. 从选项入手
考生在提炼主旨或归纳标题时，可以先从选项入手，找出其中的关键词，然后再进一步思考是否能概括段意或是文意，一定不能只看到主题词就着急选择，要看其侧重点。
7. 错误类型
标题的选择要在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑这句话或短语与文章主题是否有密切的联系，对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何，避免以下三种错误：概括不够（多表现为部分代替整体）；过度概括（多表现为人为扩大范围）；以事实或细节代替抽象概括的大意。
（高考真题）
Sme peple will d just abut anything t save mney. And I am ne f them. Take my family’s last vacatin fr example. It was my six-year-ld sn’s winter break frm schl, and we were heading hme frm Frt Lauderdale after a weeklng trip. The flight was verbked, and Delta, the airline, ffered us $400 per persn in credits t give up ur seats and leave the next day. I had a meeting in New Yrk, s I had t get back. But that didn’t mean my husband and my sn culdn’t stay. S I tk ff fr hme.
The next day my husband and sn were ffered mre credits t take an even later flight. Yes, I encurage—kay, rdered—them t wait it ut at the airprt, t “earn” mre Delta Dllars. Our ttal take: $1,600. Nt bad, huh?
Nw sme peple may think I’m a bad mther and nt such a great wife either. But as a big-time bargain hunter, I knw the value f a dllar. And these days, a gd deal is smething few f us can affrd t pass up.
I’ve made living lking fr the best deals and expsing the wrst tricks. I have been the cnsumer reprter f NBC’s Tday shw fr ver a decade. I have written a lt f bks including ne titled Tricks f the Trade: A Cnsumer Survival Guide. And I really d what I believe in.
I tell yu this because there is n shame in getting yur mney’s wrth. I’m als tightfisted（小气的）when it cmes t shes, clthes fr my children, and expensive restaurants. But I wuldn’t hesitate t spend n a gd haircut. It keeps its lnger, and it’s the first thing peple ntice. And I will als spend n a classic piece f furniture. Quality lasts.
1. Why did Delta give the authr’s family credits?
A. Their flight had been delayed.
B. They had early bkings.
C. They tk a later flight.
D. Their flight had been cancelled.
2. What can we learn abut the authr?
A. She is very strict with her children.
B. She seldm makes a cmprmise.
C. She is interested in cheap prducts.
D. She rarely misses a gd deal.
3. What des the authr d?
A. She’s a teacher.
B. She’s a husewife.
C. She’s a media persn.
D. She’s a businesswman.
4. What des the authr want t tell us?
A. Hw t expse bad tricks.
B. Hw t reserve airline seats.
C. Hw t spend mney wisely.
D. Hw t make a business deal.
【语篇解读】本文通过叙述作者和家人乘坐晚点航班而获得补偿的故事阐明了作者对于花钱购物的认识。在作者看来，我们在花钱的时候要精打细算，做到花钱有所值，不能一味地追求享受而浪费钱财。
1. C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的The flight was verbked, and Delta, the airline, ffered us $400 per persn in credits t give up ur seats and leave the next day.可知，作者的航班被超额预订，航空公司让他们坐第二天的航班，同时给予补偿。A项错误：他们原先预订的航班照常离开，只是他们因坐不下而改乘另一航班；B项表示他们提前预订了航班，但不是他们获得补偿的原因；D项中 cancelled表示航班被取消了，与事实不符。
2. D 解析：推理判断题。从第三段中的“But as a big time bargain hunter…few f us can affrd t pass up.”可知作者很少会错过好交易，D项正确；B项中的 seldm与原文不符；C项中说她对廉价货感兴趣，本文主要表明作者希望花钱花得值，而不一定就是喜欢便宜货，同时本文的最后一句话也对这个选项提供了相反的信息。
3. C 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的I have been the cnsumer reprter f NBC’s Tday shw fr ver a decade.可知，作者是NBC的一个记者，是从事媒体行业的，所以选C。A项“她是一个老师”，B项“她是一个家庭主妇”，D项“她是一个女商人”，这些与原文信息都不一致。
4. C 解析：主旨大意题。本文主要通过记叙作者和家人有一次度假旅游后由于航空公司超额售票而导致他们不得不放弃原来的航班而接受补偿的故事，引出了自己在花钱购物方面的认识。她认为我们花钱应该有所值，花钱的时候要考虑所购买东西的价值，所以选C。A项表示“怎样揭露诡计”，原文没有信息支持；B项表示“怎样预留航班座位”；D项表示“怎样达成一个商业交易”，与本文的主要信息不一致。
阅读全面突破之词义猜测题
词义猜测题是通过词汇、词义、句子与具体语境相结合来考查学生对语境、句意的准确理解能力。词猜测可以是对一个单词的意义推断，也可以是对一个短语或一个句子的意义推断，既可以是生词意义，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。高考对词义猜测题的考查相对比较稳定，一般为1～2个，但近几年难度略有增加，需要在复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案。
考法透析
猜词是应用英语语言的重要能力，也是高考中常考查的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。考生要通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索来猜测词语的含义。
这类试题包括对生词生义的推测、熟词生义的推测以及对it/they/them等代词的指代对象的判断等。常见的设问方式有：
The wrd “…” refers t/means ________.
The underlined wrd “…” can be replaced by ________.
What d yu think the expressin “…” stands fr?
Which f the fllwing is the clsest in meaning t the wrd “…” ?
The wrd “it/them” in the first paragraph refers t ________.
The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means ________.
Which f the fllwing wrds can take the place f the wrd “…” ?
考点1 考查生词生义的推测
…
Once I had a by wh wrked experimentally with Tinkertys in his free time. His cnstructins filled shelf in the art classrm and a gd part f his bedrm at hme. I was delighted at the presence f such a student. Here was an exceptinally creative mind at wrk. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whse creativity wuld infect（感染）ther students.
Encuraging this kind f thinking has a dwnside. I ran the risk f lsing thse students wh had a different style f thinking. Withut fail ne wuld declare, “But I’m just nt creative.”
What des the underlined wrd “dwnside” prbably mean?
A. Mistake.B. Drawback.C. Difficulty.D. Burden.
【解析】词义猜测题。前文提到作者很喜爱这个学生，说这个学生的创造性能够感染其他学生，下文说“冒着失去那些有不同的思考风格的学生的风险”，根据语境前后的对比判断，dwnside的含义应该是 drawback“不利条件，缺点”，而不是mistake“错误”，difficulty“困难”，burden“负担”。故选B项。
考点2 考查熟词生义的推测
熟词生义是指以前学习过的单词，它们的某些词义考生已掌握，但在高考中又出现了新的词义，如bk(预订)， charge(指控)， acrss(在对面)，capital(资金)等，因而影响考生对题干乃至全文的正确理解，导致高考失分。如：
When I was 12, all I wanted was a signet （图章）ring. They were the “in” thing and it seemed every girl except me had ne. On my 13th birthday, my mm gave me a signet ring with my initials（姓名首字母）carved int it. I was in heaven.
…
The underlined wrd “in” in the first paragraph prbably means ________.
A. fashinableB. availableC. practicalD. renewable
【解析】词义猜测题。根据下文 it seemed every girl except me had ne（除了我之外，似乎每个女孩子都拥有一枚）可推断出，图章戒指在当时是非常时髦的(fashinable)东西。故选A项。
考点3 考查that/it/they/them等代词的指代对象
一般来说，that，it，they，them等代词可以指上文提到的人或物，其中that和it还可以指代一件事，有时指代的对象相隔较远，考生要认真查找，有时还需要对前面提到的内容进行总结才能得出代词所指代的对象。因此，理解上下文(特别是上句)的意思和本句的意思是解题的关键。如：
…
Sparrw failed t grw fr anther tw years, until a new CEO, Carl Pearsn, decided t build up its market share. He did a survey, which shwed that cnsumers wh already used Sparrw restaurants were extremely psitive abut the chain, while custmers f ther fast-fd chains were unwilling t turn away frm them. Sparrw had t develp a new prmtinal campaign.
…
What des the underlined wrd “them” refer t?
A. Custmers f Sparrw restaurants.
B. Sparrw restaurants.
C. Custmers f ther fast-fd chains.
D. Other fast-fd chains.
【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句子He did a survey, which shwed that cnsumers wh already used Sparrw restaurants were extremely psitive abut the chain, while custmers f ther fast-fd chains were unwilling t turn away frm them.可知，其他连锁店的顾客不愿离开他们的连锁店。此处，turn away frm表示“从……处走开”，所以frm之后应该是主语的原始位置，故选D项。
考点4 考查具有隐含意义的句子
…
The seasns change just utside the dr. We watch the maples turn every shade f yellw and red in the fall and nte the pplars （杨树）putting ut the first green leaves f spring. The rainbw smelt fills the lcal stream as the ice gradually disappears, and the wd frgs start t sing in pls after being frzen fr the winter. A family f birds rules ur skies and flies ver the lake.
What des the underlined sentence mean?
A. The change f seasns is easily felt.
B. The seasns make the scenes change.
C. The weather ften changes in the frest.
D. The dr is a gd psitin t enjy changing seasns.
【解析】句义猜测题。本句话的意思是：季节的变化就在门外。后面具体描写大自然是如何随着季节变化的，因此可知作者一家贴近大自然，季节的变化是很容易被感觉到的。故选A项。
方法攻略
1. 通过定义猜测词义
如果生词后有一个句子（定语从句或同位语从句）或段落来对其下定义，或使用破折号、冒号、分号后的内容和引号、括号中的内容加以解释和定义，那么理解这个句子或段落就可以推断词义。定义常用的谓语有be，mean， be cnsidered，t be，be called， define， represent， refer t，signify等。如：
D yu knw what “territry” is? —A territry is an area that an animal, usually the male, claims（声称）as its wn. 由定义可知，这里 territry指的是“动物的地盘”。
2. 通过同位关系来猜测词义
构成同位关系的两部分之间通常用连接词连接，有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、括号或同位语。常用的信息词有r， similarly， that is t say， in ther wrds， namely， r ther，say等。如：
In fact, nly abut 80 celts, an endangered cat exist in the USA tday.由同位语an endangered cat可以猜出 celts是“一种濒临灭绝的猫”。
3. 通过转折或对比关系来猜测词义
如果一个句子或段落中有对两个事物或现象进行对比的描述，可以根据它的反义词猜测其词义。表示转折关系的词语主要有but， hwever，therwise， thugh等；表示对比关系的标志性词语有 despite， in spite f， in cntrast， unlike， n the ther hand等。如：
Even the Ethipian public has nly seen Lucy twice. The Lucy n exhibitin at the Ethipian Natinal Museum in the capital, Addis Ababa, is a replica while the real remains are usually lcked in a secret strerm.
…
What d the wrds “a replica” refer t?
A. A painting f the skeletn.
B. A phtgraph f Lucy.
C. A cpy f the skeletn.
D. A written recrd f Lucy.
【解析】replica所在的句子中， while连接的两部分意义上是相对的，故 replica与 real remains是反义关系，可推测 replica意为“仿品”，因此答案为C项。
4. 通过因果关系来猜测词义
该方法是根据前后的因果关系来推断某个生词或短语的意思。可由表示原因的句意推测出表示结果的句子中的某个生词或短语的意思，即由因推果；也可由表示结果的句意推测出表示原因的句子中的某个生词或短语的意思，即由果推因。表示因果关系的词有 because， since，s that，s/such…that...等。如：
…
“But,” said Kim, “feel that since yu are my superir, it wuld be presumptuus f me t tell yu what t d.”
…
The wrd “presumptuus” in the middle f the passage is clse in meaning t ________.
A. full f respect
B. t cnfident and rude
C. lacking in experience
D. t shy and quiet
【解析】根据 since引导的原因状语从句可以推断出，这里 presumptuus的意思是“冒失的；放肆的”，全句的意思为“既然你是我的上司，那么我告诉你怎么做会显得不礼貌”。因此答案为B项。
5. 通过句法功能来猜测词义
此种方法是根据生词的上下文及其意义上的联系来进行判断。生词可能与文中相联系的词是一种上下文的关系，或者是同一类别的关系。如：
…
Here is The Pines, whse ck has develped a special way f mixing fd such as caribu, wild bar, and reindeer with surprising sauces.
…
Accrding t the passage, The Pines is a ________.
A. place in which yu can see many mbile hmes
B. muntain where yu can get a gd view f the valley
C. twn which happens t be near the Banff Natinal Park
D. restaurant where yu can ask fr sme special kinds f fd
【解析】通过 whse引导的定语从句可以猜测出，松树为一家餐馆的名字，所以答案选D项。
6. 通过上下文提供的信息来猜测词义
任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都与句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行符合逻辑的综合分析，并依此来推测词义，是一种重要的阅读方法。如：
…
“... They were prgrammed t d that,” said Emily Crnette, head f a chapter f the 7-year-ld Red Hat Sciety.
…
The underlined wrd “chapter” means ________.
A. ne branch f an rganizatin
B. a written agreement f a club
C. ne part f a cllectin f pems
D. a perid in a sciety’s histry
【解析】画线词所在句中的head表示“首领，领导”，f表示“属于”， sciety表示“社团”，故可判断出此处的 chapter表示“地方分会，支部”，因此答案为A项。
7. 通过代词所指代的内容来猜测词义
代词所指的内容多在这一句的前后句中（特别是前句，或者是前几个句子中）。找到指代的内容后，把它放在代词的位置上，看一看这句话是否合理，与前后的内容是否一致，然后再判断它是否为正确答案。如：
Parents wh find lder children bullying yunger brthers and sisters might d well t replace shuting and punishment by rewarding and giving mre attentin t the injured nes. It’s certainly much easier and mre effective.
…
Accrding t the passage, the underlined wrd “bullying” is clse in meaning t ________.
A. helpingB. punishingC. hurtingD. prtecting
【解析】通过the injured nes（受伤者）可推测，bully表示“伤害，欺负”。故选C项。
8. 通过构词法来猜测词义
在猜测词义过程中，我们还可以依靠构词法方面的知识，从生词本身猜测词义。如：前缀c-表示“共同，一起”；后级-ise/-ize意思是“使成为……；使……化”等。因此，考生在平时学习过程中应该通过掌握一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等构词知识来猜测词义。
Reading can be a scial activity. Think f the peple wh belng t bk grups. They chse bks t read and then meet t discuss them. Nw, the website BkCrssing.cm turns the page n the traditinal idea f a bk grup.
Members g n the site and register the bks they wn and wuld like t share. BkCrssing prvides an identificatin number t stick inside the bk. Then the persn leaves it in a public place, hping that the bk will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader wh finds it.
Bruce Pedersn, the managing directr f BkCrssing, says, “The tw things that change yur life are the peple yu meet and bks yu read. BkCrssing cmbines bth.”
Members leave bks n park benches and buses, in train statins and cffee shps. Whever finds their bk will g t the site and recrd where they fund it.
Peple wh find a bk can als leave a jurnal entry describing what they thught f it. E-mails are then sent t the BkCrssing t keep them updated abut where their bks have been fund. Bruce Pedersn says the idea is fr peple nt t be selfish by keeping a bk t gather dust n a shelf at hme.
BkCrssing is part f a trend amng peple wh want t get back t the “real” and nt the virtual（虚拟）. The site nw has mre than ne millin members in mre than ne hundred thirty-five cuntries.
1. Why des the authr mentin bk grups in the first paragraph?
A. T explain what they are.
B. T intrduce BkCrssing.
C. T stress the imprtance f reading.
D. T encurage readers t share their ideas.
2. What des the underlined wrd “it” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A. The bk.
B. An adventure.
C. A public place.
D. The identificatin number.
3. What will a BkCrsser d with a bk after reading it?
A. Meet ther readers t discuss it.
B. Keep it safe in his bkcase.
C. Pass it n t anther reader.
D. Mail it back t its wner.
4. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Online Reading: A Virtual Tur
B. Electrnic Bks: A new Trend
C. A Bk Grup Brings Traditin Back
D. A Website Links Peple thrugh Bks
【语篇解读】文章介绍了一个图书漂流网站，该网站鼓励人们拿出自己的图书与他人分享，目前该网站会员众多。
1. B 解析：推理判断题。首段先说阅读是一种社会性的活动，然后谈到读书小组(bk grups)，接下来说到 BkCrssing这个网站，说该网站给传统的读书小组翻开了新的一页(turns the page)，然后逐段介绍这个网站的做法，由此推断，介绍读书小组的目的是引出这个网站，因此选B项。A项“解释它们的含义”，C项“强调阅读的重要性”，D项“鼓励读者分享他们的观点”，均不是作者提到读书小组的目的，可排除。
2. A 解析：词义猜测题。画线词在第二段，详细介绍这个网站的具体做法：会员去网站登记自己愿意分享的书，网站给这本书一个身份编号并贴在书中，主人把书留在公共场所，希望这本书会跟“找到它的每个新读者”一起旅行。由此可知代词it指前文提到的 the bk。B项“一次冒险”，C项“一处公共场所”，D项“身份编号”，均不是it所指的内容。
3. C 解析：推理判断题。从题干中的 after reading it判断答案在第四段。该段说，人们在看完一本书之后就把书留在公园的长凳、公共汽车、火车站及咖啡馆等地方，下一位找到这本书的人就到网站上记录他们找到这本书的地点，由此可推断选C项“把书继续传递给另一位读者”。A项“与其他读者会面，讨论这本书”，B项“把书妥善保存在书架上”，D项“把书邮寄给他的主人”，均不是会员的做法。
4. D 解析：标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了 BkCrssing这个网站，因此这篇文章的标题应体现出“网站”这一关键点，再根据第三段中的 the peple yu meet and bks yu read可知只有D项涵盖了这些信息。
阅读全面突破之主旨大意题
主旨大意题考査学生把握全文主旨大意和中心思想的能力。做这类试题需要考生具有总体把探文章的能力，以及善于运用判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的能力。主旨大意题一般对文章的主要内容、中心思想、段落大意、标题、写作意图等方面进行考査。
从考查形势上看，从原来简单的主旨归纳变得综合性越来越强。同时文章的行文跳跃性较强，次序变化大，隐含信息增多。因此，主旨题的答案判断的干扰性越来越强，不能直接根据主题句来判断答案。未来对主旨大意题的考查数量和设题要求不会改变。
考法透析
主旨大意题主要考查学生对所读材料(或所读材料片断)中心思想的概括。做这类题时，考生应通读全文，把握文章大意或中心思想，同时注意文章的主题句，因为主题句表达了文章的中心思想，而其他句子均围绕主题句展开。主题句通常位于文章第一段首句、第一段末句或全文末句等地方，但有时也位于段落中间(通常是第一段或最后一段的中间)。主旨大意题的考查形式很多，如概括标题、主题、段意、中心思想等。常见的设问方式有：
The general/main idea f the passage is abut ________.
Which f the fllwing best states the theme f the passage?
In this passage the authr discusses primarily ________.
The passage is mstly abut ________.
The passage is mainly cncerned abut ________.
The tpic/subject discussed in this passage is ________.
The best title/headline fr this passage is ________.
The subject discussed in this text is ________.
The authr’s main purpse in writing the passage is t ________.
Which f the fllwing statements best expresses the main idea f the passage?
The purpse f this article is ________.
The main idea/key pint f this passage is that ________.
考点1 归纳段落大意
段落大意是指一篇文章各个段落的主要意思，是对一个段落的基本内容的简缩和初步的概括。概括段落大意时，一定要在把握全段或全文中心的基础上进行，做到围绕中心，注意连贯，同时，还要注意段落大意是否与全篇相称。段落大意要用明确、完整、简洁的语句表达。如：
…
I am nt special, just single-minded. It always struck me that when yu’re lking at a big challenge frm the utside it lks huge, but when yu’re in the midst f it, it just seems nrmal. Everything yu want wn’t arrive in yur life n ne day. It’s a prcess. Remember: little steps add up t big dreams.
What des the authr mstly want t tell us in the last paragraph?
A. Failure is the mther f success.
B. Little by little, ne ges far.
C. Every cin has tw sides.
D. Well begun, half dne.
【解析】主旨大意题——归纳段落大意。本段最后一句话 Remember: little steps add up t big
dreams.体现了作者对于实现梦想的看法。这句话与选项B含义一致，都是告诉我们：不积跬步，无以至千里。
考点2 概括文章主旨
文章的主旨是通过段落来表达的，而段落的大意主要由主题句来体现，所以段落的主题句是构成文章中心思想的有机组成部分。因此，识别各段落的主题句并由此归纳出文章的中心思想是解答该类题的关键。
快速阅读文章找出各个段落的主题句，把各个段落的主题句联系起来并着眼全文结构安排，就能概括出文章的中心。如：
Using t much water r thrwing rubbish int ur rivers are clear ways that humans can put ur water supply in danger, but we als affect ur water supply in less bvius ways. Yu may wnder hw paving（铺砌） a rad can lead t less useable fresh water. A majr part f the water we use every day is grundwater. Grundwater des nt cme frm lakes r rivers. It cmes frm undergrund. The mre rads and parking lts we pave, the less water can flw int the grund t becme grundwater.
Human activity is nt respnsible fr all water shrtages（短缺）. Drier climates are f curse mre likely t have drughts（干早）than areas with mre rainfall, but in any case, gd management can help t make sure there is enugh water t meet ur basic needs.
Thinking abut the way we use water every day can make a big difference, t. In the United States, a family f fur can use 1. 5 tns f water a day! This shws hw much we depend n water t live, but there’s a lt we can d t lwer the number.
Yu can take steps t save water in yur hme. T start with, use the same glass fr yur drinking water all day. Wash it nly nce a day. Run yur dishwasher（洗碗机）nly when it is full. Help yur parents fix any leaks in yur hme. Yu can even help t keep ur water supply clean by recycling batteries instead f thrwing them away.
The text is mainly abut ________.
A. why paving rads reduces ur water
B. hw human activity affects ur water supply
C. why drughts ccur mre in dry climates
D. hw much we depend n water t live
【解析】主旨大意题一概括文章主旨。这篇短文主要描述了人类活动对于水供应的隐形影响。hw human activity affects ur water supply“人类活动如何影响我们的水供应”是本文的主皆。故选B项。
考点3 概括文章标题
In 2012. the Twer f Lndn welcmed tw new inhabitants: a pair f ravens（乌鸦）named Jubilee and Grip. Their arrival celebrated the bicentenary（二百周年） f Charles Dickens’s birth. This Grip was the third f the Twer ravens t be named after the nvelist’s wn pet bird. One f his predecessrs（前辈）was resident during Wrld War II; he and his mate Mabel were the nly ravens t survive a bmbing attack n the Twer.
Dickens’s Grip, wh had an impressive vcabulary, appears as a character in the authrs fifth nvel, Barnaby Rudge. On January 28, 1841, Dickens wrte t his friend Gerge Cattermle: “my ntin is t have [Barnaby] always in cmpany with a pet raven, wh is immeasurably mre knwing than himself. T this end I have been studying my bird, and think I culd make a very distinctive character f him.”
Unfrtunately, just a few weeks after Dickens wrte that letter, Grip died, prbably as a result f having stlen and eaten paint sme mnths earlier. The bird had develped a strange habit— tearing sectins ff painted surfaces (including the family’s carriage) and even drinking a quantity f white paint ut f a tin. Dickens murned his lss and wrte a humrus letter t his friend, the illustratr Daniel Maclise, abut the raven’s death.
He related hw, when Grip began t shw signs f sickness, the vet was called and “administered a pwerful dse f castr（蓖麻）il”. Initially this seemed t have a psitive effect and the authr was thrilled t see Grip restred t his usual persnality when he bit the cachman (wh was used t the raven and tk it in gd humr). The fllwing mrning, Grip was able t eat “sme warm prridge”, but his recvery was shrt-lived.
As Dickens wrte t Maclise, “On the clck striking twelve he appeared slightly upset, but sn recvered, walking twice r thrice alng the cachhuse, stpped t bark, exclaimed ‘Hell ld girl’ (his favrite expressin) and died. He behaved thrughut with a decent manner, which cannt be t much admired…The children seem rather glad f it. He bit their ankles. But that was play.”
Which f the fllwing can be the best title f the passage?
A. A bird in a nvel
B. The writer’s bird
C. The death f a bird
D. Dickens and his bird
【解析】主旨大意题——概括文章标题。根文章的内容和第一段的句子“In 2012. the Twer f Lndn welcmed tw new inhabitants: a pair f ravens named Jubilee and Grip. Their arrival celebrated the bicentenary f Charles Dickens’s birth.”可知，文章介绍伦敦塔迎来两只乌鸦庆祝狄更斯的出生，然后介绍狄更斯的宠物乌鸦的独特之处和它是怎么死的。所以用 The writer’s bird作为标题比较合适。故选B项。虽然文中介绍了狄更斯写的小说里的一只鸟，但这不是文章的主要内容，所以A项错误。虽然文中介绍了Grip是如何死亡的，但这不是文章的主要内容，所以C项错课。文章主要侧重于介绍狄更斯的鸟，对他本人没有过多描写，所D项错误。
方法攻略
1. 仔细审题，看好范围
搞清楚是问某一段还是全文的主旨要义。正确选项的特点是：一般不出现细节信息；不含过于肯定或绝对的词语。
2. 使用略读，迅速将全段或全文浏览一遍
在阅读中，应尽量利用有关信息词确定主题句的位置，比如在fr example， first， secnd等之前的句子中或在all in all，abve all之后的句子中寻找并确定。
3. 重视全文或所问段落的首句和尾句
段落中出现转折时，该句很可能是主题句；作者有意识地反复重复的观点通常是主旨；首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的解答通常就是文章主旨；同时还要注意那些提出文章主旨时常伴有的单词或短语提示：therefre，thus，but，hwever，in shrt等。
4. 进行分析概括，准确找出主旨要义
对于主题隐含的段落，要先弄清问题的意思然后快速通读文章，逐项排除，最终确定答案。
5. 确认选项内容是否切中文章的中心论题
要从整篇文章出发归纳概括文章的标题，防止本末倒置、主次不分，避免以点代面、以偏概全，这样才能排除干扰，选出正确的答案。
6. 从选项入手
考生在提炼主旨或归纳标题时，可以先从选项入手，找出其中的关键词，然后再进一步思考是否能概括段意或是文意，一定不能只看到主题词就着急选择，要看其侧重点。
7. 错误类型
标题的选择要在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑这句话或短语与文章主题是否有密切的联系，对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何，避免以下三种错误：概括不够（多表现为部分代替整体）；过度概括（多表现为人为扩大范围）；以事实或细节代替抽象概括的大意。
（高考真题）
Sme peple will d just abut anything t save mney. And I am ne f them. Take my family’s last vacatin fr example. It was my six-year-ld sn’s winter break frm schl, and we were heading hme frm Frt Lauderdale after a weeklng trip. The flight was verbked, and Delta, the airline, ffered us $400 per persn in credits t give up ur seats and leave the next day. I had a meeting in New Yrk, s I had t get back. But that didn’t mean my husband and my sn culdn’t stay. S I tk ff fr hme.
The next day my husband and sn were ffered mre credits t take an even later flight. Yes, I encurage—kay, rdered—them t wait it ut at the airprt, t “earn” mre Delta Dllars. Our ttal take: $1,600. Nt bad, huh?
Nw sme peple may think I’m a bad mther and nt such a great wife either. But as a big-time bargain hunter, I knw the value f a dllar. And these days, a gd deal is smething few f us can affrd t pass up.
I’ve made living lking fr the best deals and expsing the wrst tricks. I have been the cnsumer reprter f NBC’s Tday shw fr ver a decade. I have written a lt f bks including ne titled Tricks f the Trade: A Cnsumer Survival Guide. And I really d what I believe in.
I tell yu this because there is n shame in getting yur mney’s wrth. I’m als tightfisted（小气的）when it cmes t shes, clthes fr my children, and expensive restaurants. But I wuldn’t hesitate t spend n a gd haircut. It keeps its lnger, and it’s the first thing peple ntice. And I will als spend n a classic piece f furniture. Quality lasts.
1. Why did Delta give the authr’s family credits?
A. Their flight had been delayed.
B. They had early bkings.
C. They tk a later flight.
D. Their flight had been cancelled.
2. What can we learn abut the authr?
A. She is very strict with her children.
B. She seldm makes a cmprmise.
C. She is interested in cheap prducts.
D. She rarely misses a gd deal.
3. What des the authr d?
A. She’s a teacher.
B. She’s a husewife.
C. She’s a media persn.
D. She’s a businesswman.
4. What des the authr want t tell us?
A. Hw t expse bad tricks.
B. Hw t reserve airline seats.
C. Hw t spend mney wisely.
D. Hw t make a business deal.
【语篇解读】本文通过叙述作者和家人乘坐晚点航班而获得补偿的故事阐明了作者对于花钱购物的认识。在作者看来，我们在花钱的时候要精打细算，做到花钱有所值，不能一味地追求享受而浪费钱财。
1. C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的The flight was verbked, and Delta, the airline, ffered us $400 per persn in credits t give up ur seats and leave the next day.可知，作者的航班被超额预订，航空公司让他们坐第二天的航班，同时给予补偿。A项错误：他们原先预订的航班照常离开，只是他们因坐不下而改乘另一航班；B项表示他们提前预订了航班，但不是他们获得补偿的原因；D项中 cancelled表示航班被取消了，与事实不符。
2. D 解析：推理判断题。从第三段中的“But as a big time bargain hunter…few f us can affrd t pass up.”可知作者很少会错过好交易，D项正确；B项中的 seldm与原文不符；C项中说她对廉价货感兴趣，本文主要表明作者希望花钱花得值，而不一定就是喜欢便宜货，同时本文的最后一句话也对这个选项提供了相反的信息。
3. C 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的I have been the cnsumer reprter f NBC’s Tday shw fr ver a decade.可知，作者是NBC的一个记者，是从事媒体行业的，所以选C。A项“她是一个老师”，B项“她是一个家庭主妇”，D项“她是一个女商人”，这些与原文信息都不一致。
4. C 解析：主旨大意题。本文主要通过记叙作者和家人有一次度假旅游后由于航空公司超额售票而导致他们不得不放弃原来的航班而接受补偿的故事，引出了自己在花钱购物方面的认识。她认为我们花钱应该有所值，花钱的时候要考虑所购买东西的价值，所以选C。A项表示“怎样揭露诡计”，原文没有信息支持；B项表示“怎样预留航班座位”；D项表示“怎样达成一个商业交易”，与本文的主要信息不一致。
阅读全面突破之词义猜测题
词义猜测题是通过词汇、词义、句子与具体语境相结合来考查学生对语境、句意的准确理解能力。词猜测可以是对一个单词的意义推断，也可以是对一个短语或一个句子的意义推断，既可以是生词意义，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。高考对词义猜测题的考查相对比较稳定，一般为1～2个，但近几年难度略有增加，需要在复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案。
考法透析
猜词是应用英语语言的重要能力，也是高考中常考查的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。考生要通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索来猜测词语的含义。
这类试题包括对生词生义的推测、熟词生义的推测以及对it/they/them等代词的指代对象的判断等。常见的设问方式有：
The wrd “…” refers t/means ________.
The underlined wrd “…” can be replaced by ________.
What d yu think the expressin “…” stands fr?
Which f the fllwing is the clsest in meaning t the wrd “…” ?
The wrd “it/them” in the first paragraph refers t ________.
The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means ________.
Which f the fllwing wrds can take the place f the wrd “…” ?
考点1 考查生词生义的推测
…
Once I had a by wh wrked experimentally with Tinkertys in his free time. His cnstructins filled shelf in the art classrm and a gd part f his bedrm at hme. I was delighted at the presence f such a student. Here was an exceptinally creative mind at wrk. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whse creativity wuld infect（感染）ther students.
Encuraging this kind f thinking has a dwnside. I ran the risk f lsing thse students wh had a different style f thinking. Withut fail ne wuld declare, “But I’m just nt creative.”
What des the underlined wrd “dwnside” prbably mean?
A. Mistake.B. Drawback.C. Difficulty.D. Burden.
【解析】词义猜测题。前文提到作者很喜爱这个学生，说这个学生的创造性能够感染其他学生，下文说“冒着失去那些有不同的思考风格的学生的风险”，根据语境前后的对比判断，dwnside的含义应该是 drawback“不利条件，缺点”，而不是mistake“错误”，difficulty“困难”，burden“负担”。故选B项。
考点2 考查熟词生义的推测
熟词生义是指以前学习过的单词，它们的某些词义考生已掌握，但在高考中又出现了新的词义，如bk(预订)， charge(指控)， acrss(在对面)，capital(资金)等，因而影响考生对题干乃至全文的正确理解，导致高考失分。如：
When I was 12, all I wanted was a signet （图章）ring. They were the “in” thing and it seemed every girl except me had ne. On my 13th birthday, my mm gave me a signet ring with my initials（姓名首字母）carved int it. I was in heaven.
…
The underlined wrd “in” in the first paragraph prbably means ________.
A. fashinableB. availableC. practicalD. renewable
【解析】词义猜测题。根据下文 it seemed every girl except me had ne（除了我之外，似乎每个女孩子都拥有一枚）可推断出，图章戒指在当时是非常时髦的(fashinable)东西。故选A项。
考点3 考查that/it/they/them等代词的指代对象
一般来说，that，it，they，them等代词可以指上文提到的人或物，其中that和it还可以指代一件事，有时指代的对象相隔较远，考生要认真查找，有时还需要对前面提到的内容进行总结才能得出代词所指代的对象。因此，理解上下文(特别是上句)的意思和本句的意思是解题的关键。如：
…
Sparrw failed t grw fr anther tw years, until a new CEO, Carl Pearsn, decided t build up its market share. He did a survey, which shwed that cnsumers wh already used Sparrw restaurants were extremely psitive abut the chain, while custmers f ther fast-fd chains were unwilling t turn away frm them. Sparrw had t develp a new prmtinal campaign.
…
What des the underlined wrd “them” refer t?
A. Custmers f Sparrw restaurants.
B. Sparrw restaurants.
C. Custmers f ther fast-fd chains.
D. Other fast-fd chains.
【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句子He did a survey, which shwed that cnsumers wh already used Sparrw restaurants were extremely psitive abut the chain, while custmers f ther fast-fd chains were unwilling t turn away frm them.可知，其他连锁店的顾客不愿离开他们的连锁店。此处，turn away frm表示“从……处走开”，所以frm之后应该是主语的原始位置，故选D项。
考点4 考查具有隐含意义的句子
…
The seasns change just utside the dr. We watch the maples turn every shade f yellw and red in the fall and nte the pplars （杨树）putting ut the first green leaves f spring. The rainbw smelt fills the lcal stream as the ice gradually disappears, and the wd frgs start t sing in pls after being frzen fr the winter. A family f birds rules ur skies and flies ver the lake.
What des the underlined sentence mean?
A. The change f seasns is easily felt.
B. The seasns make the scenes change.
C. The weather ften changes in the frest.
D. The dr is a gd psitin t enjy changing seasns.
【解析】句义猜测题。本句话的意思是：季节的变化就在门外。后面具体描写大自然是如何随着季节变化的，因此可知作者一家贴近大自然，季节的变化是很容易被感觉到的。故选A项。
方法攻略
1. 通过定义猜测词义
如果生词后有一个句子（定语从句或同位语从句）或段落来对其下定义，或使用破折号、冒号、分号后的内容和引号、括号中的内容加以解释和定义，那么理解这个句子或段落就可以推断词义。定义常用的谓语有be，mean， be cnsidered，t be，be called， define， represent， refer t，signify等。如：
D yu knw what “territry” is? —A territry is an area that an animal, usually the male, claims（声称）as its wn. 由定义可知，这里 territry指的是“动物的地盘”。
2. 通过同位关系来猜测词义
构成同位关系的两部分之间通常用连接词连接，有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、括号或同位语。常用的信息词有r， similarly， that is t say， in ther wrds， namely， r ther，say等。如：
In fact, nly abut 80 celts, an endangered cat exist in the USA tday.由同位语an endangered cat可以猜出 celts是“一种濒临灭绝的猫”。
3. 通过转折或对比关系来猜测词义
如果一个句子或段落中有对两个事物或现象进行对比的描述，可以根据它的反义词猜测其词义。表示转折关系的词语主要有but， hwever，therwise， thugh等；表示对比关系的标志性词语有 despite， in spite f， in cntrast， unlike， n the ther hand等。如：
Even the Ethipian public has nly seen Lucy twice. The Lucy n exhibitin at the Ethipian Natinal Museum in the capital, Addis Ababa, is a replica while the real remains are usually lcked in a secret strerm.
…
What d the wrds “a replica” refer t?
A. A painting f the skeletn.
B. A phtgraph f Lucy.
C. A cpy f the skeletn.
D. A written recrd f Lucy.
【解析】replica所在的句子中， while连接的两部分意义上是相对的，故 replica与 real remains是反义关系，可推测 replica意为“仿品”，因此答案为C项。
4. 通过因果关系来猜测词义
该方法是根据前后的因果关系来推断某个生词或短语的意思。可由表示原因的句意推测出表示结果的句子中的某个生词或短语的意思，即由因推果；也可由表示结果的句意推测出表示原因的句子中的某个生词或短语的意思，即由果推因。表示因果关系的词有 because， since，s that，s/such…that...等。如：
…
“But,” said Kim, “feel that since yu are my superir, it wuld be presumptuus f me t tell yu what t d.”
…
The wrd “presumptuus” in the middle f the passage is clse in meaning t ________.
A. full f respect
B. t cnfident and rude
C. lacking in experience
D. t shy and quiet
【解析】根据 since引导的原因状语从句可以推断出，这里 presumptuus的意思是“冒失的；放肆的”，全句的意思为“既然你是我的上司，那么我告诉你怎么做会显得不礼貌”。因此答案为B项。
5. 通过句法功能来猜测词义
此种方法是根据生词的上下文及其意义上的联系来进行判断。生词可能与文中相联系的词是一种上下文的关系，或者是同一类别的关系。如：
…
Here is The Pines, whse ck has develped a special way f mixing fd such as caribu, wild bar, and reindeer with surprising sauces.
…
Accrding t the passage, The Pines is a ________.
A. place in which yu can see many mbile hmes
B. muntain where yu can get a gd view f the valley
C. twn which happens t be near the Banff Natinal Park
D. restaurant where yu can ask fr sme special kinds f fd
【解析】通过 whse引导的定语从句可以猜测出，松树为一家餐馆的名字，所以答案选D项。
6. 通过上下文提供的信息来猜测词义
任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都与句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行符合逻辑的综合分析，并依此来推测词义，是一种重要的阅读方法。如：
…
“... They were prgrammed t d that,” said Emily Crnette, head f a chapter f the 7-year-ld Red Hat Sciety.
…
The underlined wrd “chapter” means ________.
A. ne branch f an rganizatin
B. a written agreement f a club
C. ne part f a cllectin f pems
D. a perid in a sciety’s histry
【解析】画线词所在句中的head表示“首领，领导”，f表示“属于”， sciety表示“社团”，故可判断出此处的 chapter表示“地方分会，支部”，因此答案为A项。
7. 通过代词所指代的内容来猜测词义
代词所指的内容多在这一句的前后句中（特别是前句，或者是前几个句子中）。找到指代的内容后，把它放在代词的位置上，看一看这句话是否合理，与前后的内容是否一致，然后再判断它是否为正确答案。如：
Parents wh find lder children bullying yunger brthers and sisters might d well t replace shuting and punishment by rewarding and giving mre attentin t the injured nes. It’s certainly much easier and mre effective.
…
Accrding t the passage, the underlined wrd “bullying” is clse in meaning t ________.
A. helpingB. punishingC. hurtingD. prtecting
【解析】通过the injured nes（受伤者）可推测，bully表示“伤害，欺负”。故选C项。
8. 通过构词法来猜测词义
在猜测词义过程中，我们还可以依靠构词法方面的知识，从生词本身猜测词义。如：前缀c-表示“共同，一起”；后级-ise/-ize意思是“使成为……；使……化”等。因此，考生在平时学习过程中应该通过掌握一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等构词知识来猜测词义。
Reading can be a scial activity. Think f the peple wh belng t bk grups. They chse bks t read and then meet t discuss them. Nw, the website BkCrssing.cm turns the page n the traditinal idea f a bk grup.
Members g n the site and register the bks they wn and wuld like t share. BkCrssing prvides an identificatin number t stick inside the bk. Then the persn leaves it in a public place, hping that the bk will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader wh finds it.
Bruce Pedersn, the managing directr f BkCrssing, says, “The tw things that change yur life are the peple yu meet and bks yu read. BkCrssing cmbines bth.”
Members leave bks n park benches and buses, in train statins and cffee shps. Whever finds their bk will g t the site and recrd where they fund it.
Peple wh find a bk can als leave a jurnal entry describing what they thught f it. E-mails are then sent t the BkCrssing t keep them updated abut where their bks have been fund. Bruce Pedersn says the idea is fr peple nt t be selfish by keeping a bk t gather dust n a shelf at hme.
BkCrssing is part f a trend amng peple wh want t get back t the “real” and nt the virtual（虚拟）. The site nw has mre than ne millin members in mre than ne hundred thirty-five cuntries.
1. Why des the authr mentin bk grups in the first paragraph?
A. T explain what they are.
B. T intrduce BkCrssing.
C. T stress the imprtance f reading.
D. T encurage readers t share their ideas.
2. What des the underlined wrd “it” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A. The bk.
B. An adventure.
C. A public place.
D. The identificatin number.
3. What will a BkCrsser d with a bk after reading it?
A. Meet ther readers t discuss it.
B. Keep it safe in his bkcase.
C. Pass it n t anther reader.
D. Mail it back t its wner.
4. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Online Reading: A Virtual Tur
B. Electrnic Bks: A new Trend
C. A Bk Grup Brings Traditin Back
D. A Website Links Peple thrugh Bks
【语篇解读】文章介绍了一个图书漂流网站，该网站鼓励人们拿出自己的图书与他人分享，目前该网站会员众多。
1. B 解析：推理判断题。首段先说阅读是一种社会性的活动，然后谈到读书小组(bk grups)，接下来说到 BkCrssing这个网站，说该网站给传统的读书小组翻开了新的一页(turns the page)，然后逐段介绍这个网站的做法，由此推断，介绍读书小组的目的是引出这个网站，因此选B项。A项“解释它们的含义”，C项“强调阅读的重要性”，D项“鼓励读者分享他们的观点”，均不是作者提到读书小组的目的，可排除。
2. A 解析：词义猜测题。画线词在第二段，详细介绍这个网站的具体做法：会员去网站登记自己愿意分享的书，网站给这本书一个身份编号并贴在书中，主人把书留在公共场所，希望这本书会跟“找到它的每个新读者”一起旅行。由此可知代词it指前文提到的 the bk。B项“一次冒险”，C项“一处公共场所”，D项“身份编号”，均不是it所指的内容。
3. C 解析：推理判断题。从题干中的 after reading it判断答案在第四段。该段说，人们在看完一本书之后就把书留在公园的长凳、公共汽车、火车站及咖啡馆等地方，下一位找到这本书的人就到网站上记录他们找到这本书的地点，由此可推断选C项“把书继续传递给另一位读者”。A项“与其他读者会面，讨论这本书”，B项“把书妥善保存在书架上”，D项“把书邮寄给他的主人”，均不是会员的做法。
4. D 解析：标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了 BkCrssing这个网站，因此这篇文章的标题应体现出“网站”这一关键点，再根据第三段中的 the peple yu meet and bks yu read可知只有D项涵盖了这些信息。
相关学案
【高考二轮重难点复习】2023年高考英语易错点精讲精练学案——专题03 第五讲 词义猜测题（阅读理解题型突破）（含解析）： 这是一份【高考二轮重难点复习】2023年高考英语易错点精讲精练学案——专题03 第五讲 词义猜测题（阅读理解题型突破）（含解析），共18页。学案主要包含了考点解读，命题方向，解题策略，解题步骤，浙江高考真题卷，设问方式，2022年 全国乙卷，2022年全国甲卷等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第4讲 主旨大意题——【高考二轮专题复习】2023年高考英语阅读理解专题精讲精练学案（含解析）： 这是一份第4讲 主旨大意题——【高考二轮专题复习】2023年高考英语阅读理解专题精讲精练学案（含解析），共19页。PPT课件主要包含了第四讲 主旨大意题，主旨大意题，◎题型解读，◎题型分类，文章主旨大意题， 文章大意题，文章大意题， 段落大意题，段落大意题， 标题归纳题等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第4讲 主旨大意题——【高考二轮专题复习】2023年高考英语阅读理解专题精讲精练学案（含解析）： 这是一份第4讲 主旨大意题——【高考二轮专题复习】2023年高考英语阅读理解专题精讲精练学案（含解析），共6页。
