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人教版（2019）专题课——写作常用句型（二）学案
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这是一份人教版 (2019)必修 第三册本册综合精品导学案，共11页。学案主要包含了专题课——写作常用句型等内容，欢迎下载使用。
写作常用句型：主从复合句
主从复合句
根据从句在全句中的不同作用，从句可分为：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句、状语从句。
主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句在主从复合句中的功能相当于名词，分别作主语、表语、宾语和同位语，故统称为名词性从句。这四种从句和主句之间不用逗号。
引导名词性从句的引导词主要有以下三种：
= 1 \* GB3 ① 从属连词：that whether if
= 2 \* GB3 ② 连接代词：wh whm whse what which
= 3 \* GB3 ③ 连接副词：when why where
引导定语从句、状语从句的引导词有以下几种：
= 1 \* GB3 ① befre (在……之前) whether (不管) after (在…之后) if (假如) since (既然，自从) althugh (虽然) as sn as(一……就……) because (因为) s (as) lng as (只要)
= 2 \* GB3 ② 关系代词：wh whse whm which that as
= 3 \* GB3 ③ 关系副词：when why where
1. 主语从句
主语从句在句子中作主语，它的位置与陈述句基本结构中的主语的位置相同。
2. 表语从句
表语从句在复合句中起表语作用，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。
3. 宾语从句
宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用，它既可作谓语动词的宾语，也可作介词、非谓语动词的宾语。
4. 同位语从句
同位语从句在句子中作同位语，它一般要放在主句中某些名词 (如 thught、idea、fact、news、suggestin、plan、belief、dubt、fear)之后，说明这些名词的含义。引导同位语从句的连词有that、whether或连接副词hw、when、where、why等。但大多数是由that引导。
5. 定语从句
定语从句在主从复合句中起修饰、限定作用，修饰主句中的名词或代词。被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关系代词有wh、whm、 whse、which、as和that；关系副词有when、where、why等。
6. 状语从句
（1）时间状语从句
由连词when、whenever、as、while、after、befre、until、till、since、nce、as sn as等引导。
由 the minute、the mment、the instant、immediately、instantly、directly、the day、the week、the year、the first time、any time、next time、every time、each time、the last time、all the time、by the time等引导。
（2）地点状语从句
常由连词where 和wherever引导。
（3）原因状语从句
由because、as、since、nw that引导。
（4）目的状语从句
由in case、s that、fr fear that等引导，口语中s也可引导目的状语从句。
（5）结果状语从句
由s that、s…that、such…that等引导，口语中s…that、such…that中的that可以省略。
（6）条件状语从句
由if、nce、as lng as、n cnditin that、prvided that等引导。
（7）方式状语从句
由as、as if、as thugh等引导。
（8）让步状语从句
由thugh、althugh、as、even if、even thugh、whever、whatever、hwever、n matter wh (what、hw、when)等引导。
（9）比较状语从句
由as…as…、nt as/s…as…、than、the mre…the mre…等引导。
翻译句子
1. 事实上，人工智能很可能在不远的将来走进千家万户。（主语从句）
In fact, it is likely that AI is ging t enter thusands f husehlds in the near future.
2. 第一步就是你应该使自己的申请表与简历简明扼要。（表语从句）
The first step is that yu shuld make yur applicatin frm and resume brief and t the pint.
3. 我知道你平时拍的照片很好并且总是想为环保做点事情。（宾语从句）
I knw yu take gd pictures and that yu’ve always wanted t d smething fr envirnment prtectin.
4. 不可否认这样一个事实：时间一旦失去，就再也无法弥补。（同位语从句）
There is n denying the fact that nce lst, time can never be made up fr.
5. 地铁深受公众欢迎，在北京，地铁是一种非常普及的交通工具。（定语从句）
The subway, which is widespread transprtatin in Beijing, is ppular with the public.
6. 随着年龄的增长，我们对时尚的态度可能也会改变。（时间状语从句）
Our attitude twards fashin may change as we are getting lder.
7. 暑假开始下暴雨那天，我正好计划着到九寨沟游玩。（时间状语从句）
I was planning t visit Jiuzhai Valley the day the heavy rain began in the summer hliday.
8. 如果我们站在别人的角度上考虑，就会原谅别人。（地点状语从句）
We will frgive thers if we stand where they are.
9. 既然任何人一生中都会犯错误，我们最好还是再给他一次机会。（原因状语从句）
Since everybdy can make mistakes in life, we might as well give him anther chance.
10. 我使出浑身解数往前跑，以免后面的选手赶上我。（目的状语从句）
I ran as fast as I culd fr fear that I was caught up with by the runner behind me.
11. 小姑娘心地那么好，把自己的座位让给了身边的一位老太太。（结果状语从句）
The girl was s kind that she gave her seat t an ld wman standing rm.
12. 只要大家紧密团结，我们相信一切皆有可能。（条件状语从句）
S lng as we are clsely united, we believe that nthing is impssible.
13. 在找到更好的学习方法之前，照老师告诉你的那样去做。（方式状语从句）
Befre finding a better learning methd, d as the teacher tld yu.
14. 通常情况下，无论我们工作有多忙，我们都会回家过年。（让步状语从句）
Usually, n matter hw busy we are, we will cme back hme fr the Spring Festival.
15. 书总是多得读不完。（比较状语从句）
There have always been mre bks than anyne culd read.
连句成段
1. 尽管有许多困难要克服，但她从没让困难击倒过。相反，她对生活的态度十分坚定。
Althugh there are lts f difficulties t vercme, she never lets her prblems defeat her. Instead, her attitude twards life is firm.
2. 在过去，大部分学生辍学是因为他们的家庭负担不起教育的费用，然而现在情况不同了。
In the past, mst f the students drpped ut because their families culdn’t affrd their educatin cst. Hwever, the situatin is different nw.
3. 你就是在必要的时候能帮我一把的那个人，你就是确切知道我需要什么的那个人。
Yu are the persn wh gives me a hand when necessary. Yu are the persn wh knws exactly what I need.
4. 无论如何，只要使用得当，信用卡无须你额外支付分文。至少，它可以帮助你度过经济上的困难时期。
Hwever, if it is used prperly, a credit card can cst nthing. At least it can help t get yu ver a perid f financial difficulty.
写作常用句型：放大关键词，扩词成句
近些年高考英语书面表达呈现出了两个特点：
1. 提示情景要点化；
2. 要点关键词化。根据提示关键词的命题特征和趋势，考生围绕关键词必须做到：
（1）增加细节；
（2）扩词成句。做到放大关键词、扩词成句、串词成句，最终实现连句成文。增加细节和扩词成句需要生活经验、多模态形式的语篇知识经验、词汇知识经验；串词成句需要句型知识（五种基本句型、句中句现象、特殊句式、精简句式）；连句成文需要篇章结构知识（语篇结构特征、语篇成分的语义逻辑关系、显性或隐性衔接手段）。
情景提示1 关键词 健身热
1. 放大关键词：可根据这一主题语境，围绕“一种社会趋势、参与群体、普及程度、今昔对比、分析原因、益处、你的呼吁”等角度放大讨论，从而展开表达。
2. 扩词成句，连句成段
3. 情景片段
Nwadays there is an increasing number f peple wh chse physical exercise f all kinds t keep fit. Nt nly have the ld seen it as a lifestyle thrugh simple dances, but als, t sme extent, mre yuths take challenging and sweating utdr activities like cycling and hiking n weekends. But it was nt the case in the past. Why wuld they rather give up their weekend relaxatin than enjy indr laziness? I think reasns vary accrdingly.
4. 情景片段精析：
（1）常用句型和短语（地道表达）
= 1 \* GB3 ① there is存现句
② keep fit健身
③ see…as…把……看作
④ t sme extent在某种程度上
= 5 \* GB3 ⑤ wuld rather…than… 宁愿……而不……
= 6 \* GB3 ⑥ give up放弃
= 7 \* GB3 ⑦ take activities参加活动
（2）情感交流句（拉近与读者的心理距离）
= 1 \* GB3 ① Why wuld they rather give up their weekend relaxatin than enjy indr laziness?
提出问题，唤起大家的注意
② I think reasns vary accrdingly.
表达个人主观看法，以求得认同
（3）动词的非谓语形式（高级句式）
= 1 \* GB3 ① there is an increasing number f peple
现在分词作定语
② t keep fit
动词不定式表示目的
③ take challenging and sweating utdr activities t
现在分词作定语
（4）句中句现象（长句表达：采用词汇、语块手段将更多的信息点囊括到一个句子中）
= 1 \* GB3 ① Nwadays there is an increasing number f peple wh chse physical exercise f all kinds t keep fit.
关系代词wh引导的定语从句，句中 peple是先行词
② Nt nly have the ld seen it as a lifestyle thrugh simple dances, but als, t sme extent, mre yuths take challenging and sweating utdr activities like cycling and hiking n weekends.
并列连词nt nly…but als…构成的倒装句式
（5）措辞技巧（灵活的语言）
= 1 \* GB3 ① Why wuld they rather give up their weekend relaxatin than enjy indr laziness?
weekend relaxatin与indr laziness均表示周末可以做的事
② f all kinds与vary均表示“各种各样”
（6）关联词、过渡语（语篇衔接手段）
Nwadays
t sme extent
But it was nt the case in the past (表示转折，今昔对比)
I think reasns vary accrdingly (引出下文)
（7）句式灵活多变（语言能力）
= 1 \* GB3 ① Nwadays there is an increasing number f peple wh chse physical exercise f all kinds t keep fit.（存现句）
② Nt nly have the ld seen it as a lifestyle thrugh simple dances, but als, t sme extent, mre
yuths take challenging and sweating utdr activities like cycling and hiking n weekends. （倒装句式）
③ Why wuld they rather give up their weekend relaxatin than enjy indr laziness? （特殊疑问句）
④ But it was nt the case in the past. （在文中实现了长短句相互融合的原则）
（8）后置或叠用定语（丰富名词的意义）
① exercise f all kinds 介词短语，描述锻炼的类别
② activities like cycling and hiking 介词短语，举例说明活动的种类
③ challenging and sweating utdr activities 平实自然的叠词，既能产生鮮明的视觉效应，同时，朗读起来富有节奏感
情景提示2 关键词 困意、低效学习
1. 放大关键词：可围绕“这种现象的主体和场合，导致这种现象的原因，如何缓解或解决这种现象的建议”等角度扩词，展开情景表达。
2. 扩词成句，连句成段
3. 情景片段
Recently sme f Senir Three students are fund sleepy, absent-minded r depressed in class. What cntributes t the present situatin? Persnally speaking, the fllwing reasns might accunt fr their inattentin academically. T begin with, there seems t be t many learning burdens, causing pressure. As a result, they have t take up mre time t handle their hmewrk, even the time that shuld have been spent in the rest r hbbies, What’s mre, as the Cllege Entrance Examinatin is drawing near, they have t face the grwing pressure due t the increasingly fierce cmpetitin under the system f the Cllege Entrance Examinatin. Last but nt least, we can’t deny the family factr. In mst cases, parents expect t much f their children, which means greater pressure.
4. 情景片段精析
（1）常用句型和短语（地道表达）
① cntribute t影响
② accunt fr sth. 解释某事
③ cause pressure导致压力
④ learning burden学习负担
⑤ take up占用，占据
⑥ draw near临近
= 7 \* GB3 ⑦ expect sth. f sb. 对某人期望某事
（2）情感交流句（拉近与读者的心理距离）
① What cntributes t the present situatin?
提出问题，引起读者注意
② Persnally speaking, the fllwing reasns might accunt fr their inattentin academically.
主观推测，做可能性分析
③ T begin with, there seems t be t many learning burdens, causing pressure.
对客观现象的主观推测
④ As a result, they have t take up mre time t handle their hmewrk, even the time that they shuld have been spent in the rest r hbbies.
使用虚拟语气“本应该……”，表示对学生现状的同情
（3）动词的非谓语形式（高级句式）
① there seems t be t many learning burdens causing pressure
现在分词短语作结果状语
② they have t face the grwing pressure
现在分词作定语
（4）句中句现象（长句表达）
① As a result, they have t take up mre time t handle their hmewrk, even the time that shuld have been spent in the rest r hbbies.
关系代词that引导定语从句
② What’s mre, as the Cllege Entrance Examinatin is drawing near, they have t face the grwing pressure due t the increasingly fierce cmpetitin under the system f the Cllege Entrance Examinatin.
从属连词as引导时间状语从句
③ In mst cases, Parents expect t much f their children, which means greater pressure.
关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，意为“这一点意味着更大的压力”
（5）灵活多变的句式
整个情景片段采用长短句相互融合进行论述，使句子错落有致，高有变化，读起来朗朗上口。
① Recently sme f Senir Three students are fund sleepy, absent-minded r depressed in class. 被动句式
② What cntributes t the present situatin?
特殊疑问句式
③ T begin with, there seems t be t many earning burdens
存现句
④ As a result, they have t take up mre time t handle their hmewrk, even the time that shuld have been spent in the rest r hbbies.
被动句式；虚拟语气
（6）高级词汇（遣词造句能力）
cntribute t (影响，替换 influence)
accunt fr (可以解释某事的理由)
academically (学习方面，替换 in study)
learning burden (学习负担)
handle (处理，替换 slve)
draw near (临近，替换cme)
due t (因为，替换 because f)
fierce cmpetitin (激烈的竞争)
expect (期待，替换hpe或wish)
（7）措辞技巧
① Recently sme f Senir Three students are fund sleepy, absent-minded r depressed in class.
absent- minded表示“分心，注意力不集中”
② Persnally speaking, the fllwing reasns might accunt fr their inattentin academically.
distractin表示“分心，注意力不集中”
③ As a result, they have t take up mre time t handle their hmewrk, even the time that shuld have been spent in the rest r hbbies.
take up和spend均表示“占用时间，花费时间”
（8）关联词和过渡语（语篇衔接手段）
Recently (最近)
What cntributes t the present situatin? （过渡句，承接上下文）
Persnally speaking (表达个人观点)
T begin with (首先)
As a result (结果)
What’s mre (另外)
Last but nt least (最后但同样重要的)
In mst cases (在多数情况下)
（答题时间：40分钟）
写作
（一）
假如你是李华，你们班决定组织同学们在农历五月初五端午节时，一起骑自行车去西湖观看龙舟比赛。请你给外教Mr. Smih写封邮件邀请他上午8:00在学校门口集合，和你们一同前往，感受中国传统文化。要点包括：
1. 集合时间、地点；
2. 端午节和龙舟赛的介绍。
参考词汇：农历 the lunar calendar；龙舟the dragn bat
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文流畅。
（二）
请你以李华的名义给《中国日报》（China Daily）英文版写一封信，信的内容为：呼吁人们(包括驾驶员和车上人员)在行车途中不要向窗外乱扔东西。要点
如下：
1. 陈述驾车时向窗外乱扔东西的不文明行为;
2. 开车或坐车时向窗外乱扔东西的危害
3. 提出自己的建议。
注意：
1. 词数：100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯；
3. 文章的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Sir r Madam，
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
（一）参考范文
Dear Mr. Smith,
Hw is everything?
Our class is planning t cycle t the West Lake t watch the dragn bat race n the lunar calendar May 5th, when the Dragn Bat Festival is celebrated natinwide. We’ll gather at ur schl gate at 8: 00 a m. I’d like t invite yu t g with us and experience this unique traditinal Chinese culture.
The dragn bat race, riginally held in memry f the great pet Qu Yuan, and nw has becme a cmmn practice and develped int a sprt. I’m sure it will be exciting and enjyable. Yur presence will certainly add t ur pleasure. Wuld yu cme and have fun with us?
Lking frward t yur early reply.
Yurs,
Li Hua
（二）参考范文
Dear Sir r Madam,
I’d like t talk abut ne kind f uncivilized behavir f peple n the rad. As we all knw, with the develpment f ecnmy, mre and mre peple can affrd t buy private cars. Hwever, ne phenmenn shuld really be paid attentin t when driving. That is thrwing rubbish ut f car windws as they like.
First f all, thrwing rubbish ut f car windws will surely spil a city’s lk, which is suppsed t be clean and tidy. What’s wrse, it is very dangerus t d s when driving at a high speed, which may cause severe accidents even deaths, as reprted in the news. Besides it als adds t cleaners difficulty t cllect them. Even wrse, it smetimes threatens their life when cllecting them.
All in all, this kind f phenmenn must be prevented. I strngly appeal t all peple t stp this kind f uncivilized behavir and the plice shuld give prper punishments fr thse cmmitting what’s immral as well.
Yurs,
Li Hua
写作常用句型：主从复合句
主从复合句
根据从句在全句中的不同作用，从句可分为：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句、状语从句。
主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句在主从复合句中的功能相当于名词，分别作主语、表语、宾语和同位语，故统称为名词性从句。这四种从句和主句之间不用逗号。
引导名词性从句的引导词主要有以下三种：
= 1 \* GB3 ① 从属连词：that whether if
= 2 \* GB3 ② 连接代词：wh whm whse what which
= 3 \* GB3 ③ 连接副词：when why where
引导定语从句、状语从句的引导词有以下几种：
= 1 \* GB3 ① befre (在……之前) whether (不管) after (在…之后) if (假如) since (既然，自从) althugh (虽然) as sn as(一……就……) because (因为) s (as) lng as (只要)
= 2 \* GB3 ② 关系代词：wh whse whm which that as
= 3 \* GB3 ③ 关系副词：when why where
1. 主语从句
主语从句在句子中作主语，它的位置与陈述句基本结构中的主语的位置相同。
2. 表语从句
表语从句在复合句中起表语作用，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。
3. 宾语从句
宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用，它既可作谓语动词的宾语，也可作介词、非谓语动词的宾语。
4. 同位语从句
同位语从句在句子中作同位语，它一般要放在主句中某些名词 (如 thught、idea、fact、news、suggestin、plan、belief、dubt、fear)之后，说明这些名词的含义。引导同位语从句的连词有that、whether或连接副词hw、when、where、why等。但大多数是由that引导。
5. 定语从句
定语从句在主从复合句中起修饰、限定作用，修饰主句中的名词或代词。被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关系代词有wh、whm、 whse、which、as和that；关系副词有when、where、why等。
6. 状语从句
（1）时间状语从句
由连词when、whenever、as、while、after、befre、until、till、since、nce、as sn as等引导。
由 the minute、the mment、the instant、immediately、instantly、directly、the day、the week、the year、the first time、any time、next time、every time、each time、the last time、all the time、by the time等引导。
（2）地点状语从句
常由连词where 和wherever引导。
（3）原因状语从句
由because、as、since、nw that引导。
（4）目的状语从句
由in case、s that、fr fear that等引导，口语中s也可引导目的状语从句。
（5）结果状语从句
由s that、s…that、such…that等引导，口语中s…that、such…that中的that可以省略。
（6）条件状语从句
由if、nce、as lng as、n cnditin that、prvided that等引导。
（7）方式状语从句
由as、as if、as thugh等引导。
（8）让步状语从句
由thugh、althugh、as、even if、even thugh、whever、whatever、hwever、n matter wh (what、hw、when)等引导。
（9）比较状语从句
由as…as…、nt as/s…as…、than、the mre…the mre…等引导。
翻译句子
1. 事实上，人工智能很可能在不远的将来走进千家万户。（主语从句）
In fact, it is likely that AI is ging t enter thusands f husehlds in the near future.
2. 第一步就是你应该使自己的申请表与简历简明扼要。（表语从句）
The first step is that yu shuld make yur applicatin frm and resume brief and t the pint.
3. 我知道你平时拍的照片很好并且总是想为环保做点事情。（宾语从句）
I knw yu take gd pictures and that yu’ve always wanted t d smething fr envirnment prtectin.
4. 不可否认这样一个事实：时间一旦失去，就再也无法弥补。（同位语从句）
There is n denying the fact that nce lst, time can never be made up fr.
5. 地铁深受公众欢迎，在北京，地铁是一种非常普及的交通工具。（定语从句）
The subway, which is widespread transprtatin in Beijing, is ppular with the public.
6. 随着年龄的增长，我们对时尚的态度可能也会改变。（时间状语从句）
Our attitude twards fashin may change as we are getting lder.
7. 暑假开始下暴雨那天，我正好计划着到九寨沟游玩。（时间状语从句）
I was planning t visit Jiuzhai Valley the day the heavy rain began in the summer hliday.
8. 如果我们站在别人的角度上考虑，就会原谅别人。（地点状语从句）
We will frgive thers if we stand where they are.
9. 既然任何人一生中都会犯错误，我们最好还是再给他一次机会。（原因状语从句）
Since everybdy can make mistakes in life, we might as well give him anther chance.
10. 我使出浑身解数往前跑，以免后面的选手赶上我。（目的状语从句）
I ran as fast as I culd fr fear that I was caught up with by the runner behind me.
11. 小姑娘心地那么好，把自己的座位让给了身边的一位老太太。（结果状语从句）
The girl was s kind that she gave her seat t an ld wman standing rm.
12. 只要大家紧密团结，我们相信一切皆有可能。（条件状语从句）
S lng as we are clsely united, we believe that nthing is impssible.
13. 在找到更好的学习方法之前，照老师告诉你的那样去做。（方式状语从句）
Befre finding a better learning methd, d as the teacher tld yu.
14. 通常情况下，无论我们工作有多忙，我们都会回家过年。（让步状语从句）
Usually, n matter hw busy we are, we will cme back hme fr the Spring Festival.
15. 书总是多得读不完。（比较状语从句）
There have always been mre bks than anyne culd read.
连句成段
1. 尽管有许多困难要克服，但她从没让困难击倒过。相反，她对生活的态度十分坚定。
Althugh there are lts f difficulties t vercme, she never lets her prblems defeat her. Instead, her attitude twards life is firm.
2. 在过去，大部分学生辍学是因为他们的家庭负担不起教育的费用，然而现在情况不同了。
In the past, mst f the students drpped ut because their families culdn’t affrd their educatin cst. Hwever, the situatin is different nw.
3. 你就是在必要的时候能帮我一把的那个人，你就是确切知道我需要什么的那个人。
Yu are the persn wh gives me a hand when necessary. Yu are the persn wh knws exactly what I need.
4. 无论如何，只要使用得当，信用卡无须你额外支付分文。至少，它可以帮助你度过经济上的困难时期。
Hwever, if it is used prperly, a credit card can cst nthing. At least it can help t get yu ver a perid f financial difficulty.
写作常用句型：放大关键词，扩词成句
近些年高考英语书面表达呈现出了两个特点：
1. 提示情景要点化；
2. 要点关键词化。根据提示关键词的命题特征和趋势，考生围绕关键词必须做到：
（1）增加细节；
（2）扩词成句。做到放大关键词、扩词成句、串词成句，最终实现连句成文。增加细节和扩词成句需要生活经验、多模态形式的语篇知识经验、词汇知识经验；串词成句需要句型知识（五种基本句型、句中句现象、特殊句式、精简句式）；连句成文需要篇章结构知识（语篇结构特征、语篇成分的语义逻辑关系、显性或隐性衔接手段）。
情景提示1 关键词 健身热
1. 放大关键词：可根据这一主题语境，围绕“一种社会趋势、参与群体、普及程度、今昔对比、分析原因、益处、你的呼吁”等角度放大讨论，从而展开表达。
2. 扩词成句，连句成段
3. 情景片段
Nwadays there is an increasing number f peple wh chse physical exercise f all kinds t keep fit. Nt nly have the ld seen it as a lifestyle thrugh simple dances, but als, t sme extent, mre yuths take challenging and sweating utdr activities like cycling and hiking n weekends. But it was nt the case in the past. Why wuld they rather give up their weekend relaxatin than enjy indr laziness? I think reasns vary accrdingly.
4. 情景片段精析：
（1）常用句型和短语（地道表达）
= 1 \* GB3 ① there is存现句
② keep fit健身
③ see…as…把……看作
④ t sme extent在某种程度上
= 5 \* GB3 ⑤ wuld rather…than… 宁愿……而不……
= 6 \* GB3 ⑥ give up放弃
= 7 \* GB3 ⑦ take activities参加活动
（2）情感交流句（拉近与读者的心理距离）
= 1 \* GB3 ① Why wuld they rather give up their weekend relaxatin than enjy indr laziness?
提出问题，唤起大家的注意
② I think reasns vary accrdingly.
表达个人主观看法，以求得认同
（3）动词的非谓语形式（高级句式）
= 1 \* GB3 ① there is an increasing number f peple
现在分词作定语
② t keep fit
动词不定式表示目的
③ take challenging and sweating utdr activities t
现在分词作定语
（4）句中句现象（长句表达：采用词汇、语块手段将更多的信息点囊括到一个句子中）
= 1 \* GB3 ① Nwadays there is an increasing number f peple wh chse physical exercise f all kinds t keep fit.
关系代词wh引导的定语从句，句中 peple是先行词
② Nt nly have the ld seen it as a lifestyle thrugh simple dances, but als, t sme extent, mre yuths take challenging and sweating utdr activities like cycling and hiking n weekends.
并列连词nt nly…but als…构成的倒装句式
（5）措辞技巧（灵活的语言）
= 1 \* GB3 ① Why wuld they rather give up their weekend relaxatin than enjy indr laziness?
weekend relaxatin与indr laziness均表示周末可以做的事
② f all kinds与vary均表示“各种各样”
（6）关联词、过渡语（语篇衔接手段）
Nwadays
t sme extent
But it was nt the case in the past (表示转折，今昔对比)
I think reasns vary accrdingly (引出下文)
（7）句式灵活多变（语言能力）
= 1 \* GB3 ① Nwadays there is an increasing number f peple wh chse physical exercise f all kinds t keep fit.（存现句）
② Nt nly have the ld seen it as a lifestyle thrugh simple dances, but als, t sme extent, mre
yuths take challenging and sweating utdr activities like cycling and hiking n weekends. （倒装句式）
③ Why wuld they rather give up their weekend relaxatin than enjy indr laziness? （特殊疑问句）
④ But it was nt the case in the past. （在文中实现了长短句相互融合的原则）
（8）后置或叠用定语（丰富名词的意义）
① exercise f all kinds 介词短语，描述锻炼的类别
② activities like cycling and hiking 介词短语，举例说明活动的种类
③ challenging and sweating utdr activities 平实自然的叠词，既能产生鮮明的视觉效应，同时，朗读起来富有节奏感
情景提示2 关键词 困意、低效学习
1. 放大关键词：可围绕“这种现象的主体和场合，导致这种现象的原因，如何缓解或解决这种现象的建议”等角度扩词，展开情景表达。
2. 扩词成句，连句成段
3. 情景片段
Recently sme f Senir Three students are fund sleepy, absent-minded r depressed in class. What cntributes t the present situatin? Persnally speaking, the fllwing reasns might accunt fr their inattentin academically. T begin with, there seems t be t many learning burdens, causing pressure. As a result, they have t take up mre time t handle their hmewrk, even the time that shuld have been spent in the rest r hbbies, What’s mre, as the Cllege Entrance Examinatin is drawing near, they have t face the grwing pressure due t the increasingly fierce cmpetitin under the system f the Cllege Entrance Examinatin. Last but nt least, we can’t deny the family factr. In mst cases, parents expect t much f their children, which means greater pressure.
4. 情景片段精析
（1）常用句型和短语（地道表达）
① cntribute t影响
② accunt fr sth. 解释某事
③ cause pressure导致压力
④ learning burden学习负担
⑤ take up占用，占据
⑥ draw near临近
= 7 \* GB3 ⑦ expect sth. f sb. 对某人期望某事
（2）情感交流句（拉近与读者的心理距离）
① What cntributes t the present situatin?
提出问题，引起读者注意
② Persnally speaking, the fllwing reasns might accunt fr their inattentin academically.
主观推测，做可能性分析
③ T begin with, there seems t be t many learning burdens, causing pressure.
对客观现象的主观推测
④ As a result, they have t take up mre time t handle their hmewrk, even the time that they shuld have been spent in the rest r hbbies.
使用虚拟语气“本应该……”，表示对学生现状的同情
（3）动词的非谓语形式（高级句式）
① there seems t be t many learning burdens causing pressure
现在分词短语作结果状语
② they have t face the grwing pressure
现在分词作定语
（4）句中句现象（长句表达）
① As a result, they have t take up mre time t handle their hmewrk, even the time that shuld have been spent in the rest r hbbies.
关系代词that引导定语从句
② What’s mre, as the Cllege Entrance Examinatin is drawing near, they have t face the grwing pressure due t the increasingly fierce cmpetitin under the system f the Cllege Entrance Examinatin.
从属连词as引导时间状语从句
③ In mst cases, Parents expect t much f their children, which means greater pressure.
关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，意为“这一点意味着更大的压力”
（5）灵活多变的句式
整个情景片段采用长短句相互融合进行论述，使句子错落有致，高有变化，读起来朗朗上口。
① Recently sme f Senir Three students are fund sleepy, absent-minded r depressed in class. 被动句式
② What cntributes t the present situatin?
特殊疑问句式
③ T begin with, there seems t be t many earning burdens
存现句
④ As a result, they have t take up mre time t handle their hmewrk, even the time that shuld have been spent in the rest r hbbies.
被动句式；虚拟语气
（6）高级词汇（遣词造句能力）
cntribute t (影响，替换 influence)
accunt fr (可以解释某事的理由)
academically (学习方面，替换 in study)
learning burden (学习负担)
handle (处理，替换 slve)
draw near (临近，替换cme)
due t (因为，替换 because f)
fierce cmpetitin (激烈的竞争)
expect (期待，替换hpe或wish)
（7）措辞技巧
① Recently sme f Senir Three students are fund sleepy, absent-minded r depressed in class.
absent- minded表示“分心，注意力不集中”
② Persnally speaking, the fllwing reasns might accunt fr their inattentin academically.
distractin表示“分心，注意力不集中”
③ As a result, they have t take up mre time t handle their hmewrk, even the time that shuld have been spent in the rest r hbbies.
take up和spend均表示“占用时间，花费时间”
（8）关联词和过渡语（语篇衔接手段）
Recently (最近)
What cntributes t the present situatin? （过渡句，承接上下文）
Persnally speaking (表达个人观点)
T begin with (首先)
As a result (结果)
What’s mre (另外)
Last but nt least (最后但同样重要的)
In mst cases (在多数情况下)
（答题时间：40分钟）
写作
（一）
假如你是李华，你们班决定组织同学们在农历五月初五端午节时，一起骑自行车去西湖观看龙舟比赛。请你给外教Mr. Smih写封邮件邀请他上午8:00在学校门口集合，和你们一同前往，感受中国传统文化。要点包括：
1. 集合时间、地点；
2. 端午节和龙舟赛的介绍。
参考词汇：农历 the lunar calendar；龙舟the dragn bat
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文流畅。
（二）
请你以李华的名义给《中国日报》（China Daily）英文版写一封信，信的内容为：呼吁人们(包括驾驶员和车上人员)在行车途中不要向窗外乱扔东西。要点
如下：
1. 陈述驾车时向窗外乱扔东西的不文明行为;
2. 开车或坐车时向窗外乱扔东西的危害
3. 提出自己的建议。
注意：
1. 词数：100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯；
3. 文章的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Sir r Madam，
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
（一）参考范文
Dear Mr. Smith,
Hw is everything?
Our class is planning t cycle t the West Lake t watch the dragn bat race n the lunar calendar May 5th, when the Dragn Bat Festival is celebrated natinwide. We’ll gather at ur schl gate at 8: 00 a m. I’d like t invite yu t g with us and experience this unique traditinal Chinese culture.
The dragn bat race, riginally held in memry f the great pet Qu Yuan, and nw has becme a cmmn practice and develped int a sprt. I’m sure it will be exciting and enjyable. Yur presence will certainly add t ur pleasure. Wuld yu cme and have fun with us?
Lking frward t yur early reply.
Yurs,
Li Hua
（二）参考范文
Dear Sir r Madam,
I’d like t talk abut ne kind f uncivilized behavir f peple n the rad. As we all knw, with the develpment f ecnmy, mre and mre peple can affrd t buy private cars. Hwever, ne phenmenn shuld really be paid attentin t when driving. That is thrwing rubbish ut f car windws as they like.
First f all, thrwing rubbish ut f car windws will surely spil a city’s lk, which is suppsed t be clean and tidy. What’s wrse, it is very dangerus t d s when driving at a high speed, which may cause severe accidents even deaths, as reprted in the news. Besides it als adds t cleaners difficulty t cllect them. Even wrse, it smetimes threatens their life when cllecting them.
All in all, this kind f phenmenn must be prevented. I strngly appeal t all peple t stp this kind f uncivilized behavir and the plice shuld give prper punishments fr thse cmmitting what’s immral as well.
Yurs,
Li Hua
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