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上教版2020必修第三册高一英语下学期 Unit 2. The things around us 单元素养评估测试卷
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这是一份上教版2020必修第三册高一英语下学期 Unit 2. The things around us 单元素养评估测试卷，共21页。
Unit 2 The things around us 单元素养评估测试卷第= 1 \* ROMANI卷 II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.There seems never ____11____ (be) a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do.In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with ____12____. In most of the communities ____13____ social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls ____14____ (prepare), even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.____15____ is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries ____16____ how much they have remained the same. The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology. It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present ____17____ is amazing. In Egypt, America, China, Japan and among the Arctic people, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and ways of life ____18____ toys imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehiclesBecause toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been likely to be influenced by technological leaps ____19____ characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the cart to the automobile is a direct line of ways up. The progress from a rattle (拨浪鼓)used by a baby in 3,000 BC to _____20_____ used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness. Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials.【答案】11. to have been 12. others 13. where 14. are being prepared/are prepared 15. What 16. but 17. that 18. because 19. that/which 20. one【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了玩具的发展与变化。【11题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：似乎从来就没有一个没有玩具的文明，但它们是何时以及如何发展起来的，我们不得而知。seem to do sth.似乎要做某事，这里用不定式的完成式表示该动作已经发生过了。故填to have been。【12题详解】考查代词。句意：在古代，和今天一样，大多数男孩玩某些种类的玩具，而大多数女孩则玩其他种类的玩具。这里代指前面的复数名词toys，表示“其他种类的玩具”。故填others。【13题详解】考查定语从句。句意：在大多数社会角色被严格规定的社区中，男孩按照他们父亲的活动来安排他们的游戏，而女孩正在为进入成人世界的角色和责任做准备，甚至在游戏中也是如此。句中先行词为communities，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。与故填where。【14题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：在大多数社会角色被严格规定的社区中，男孩按照他们父亲的活动来安排他们的游戏，而女孩正在为进入成人世界的角色和责任做准备，甚至在游戏中也是如此。根据句中时态可知，用一般现在时；或表示动作正在进行，所以用现在进行时。主语girls与prepare之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填are being prepared/are prepared。【15题详解】考查名词性从句。句意：在玩具的历史上，值得注意的不是它们在过去的几个世纪中发生了怎样的变化，而是它们保持了多少不变。本句为主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，所以用what引导。故填What。【16题详解】考查连词。句意：在玩具的历史上，值得注意的不是它们在过去的几个世纪中发生了怎样的变化，而是它们保持了多少不变。前后句为转折关系，所以用转折词but。故填but。【17题详解】考查强调句。句意：令人惊奇的是，玩具在世界各地发展的普遍性，以及它们至今的持久性。本句为强调句，强调句结构为It is + 强调部分 + that从句。本句强调主语the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present 。故填that。【18题详解】考查连词。句意：由于玩具模仿周围环境，所以变化取决于当地的风俗和生活方式。根据句意可知，前后句为因果关系，后句介绍变化的原因。故填because。【19题详解】考查定语从句。句意：因为玩具通常被视为一种艺术形式，它们不太可能受到技术飞跃的影响，而技术飞跃是成人发明的特征。句中先行词为technological leaps，在定语从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填that/which。【20题详解】考查代词。句意：然而，从公元前3000年婴儿使用的拨浪鼓到今天婴儿使用的拨浪鼓，并没有什么发明的特征。代词one为泛指，指代前面提到的rattle。故填one。Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.NINE people died and 43 were injured in two rear-end crashes on Shanghai’s S32 Expressway that occurred during heavy fog yesterday morning.Two were 1 dead at the scene in one of the accidents, and five were found dead in the other. Two more people died in hospital, police said.Police first received a report at 5:54 am that 2 vehicles had crashed on the S32, near a ramp of S2. The S32 links Shanghai with Zhejinag Province’s Jiaxing and Huzhou.Two people were killed after getting out of their vehicle to see what was causing congestion ahead. They were hit by an out of control tanker, police said.When police arrived at that scene, they found a further five people had been killed when a construction vehicle was crushed by two large vehicles from both front and back. The crash was about three kilometers away from the accident that killed the two people on the expressway. The injured were sent to local hospitals.Some drivers reported that the road was very 3 and braking had led to vehicles losing control.“The fog was very heavy,” an unidentified driver told Shanghai Television Station. “When I saw the accident ahead, I wanted to slow down and 4 . But once I hit the brake, the vehicle went out of control.”Zhoupu Hospital treated 12 people. “One of the 5 died on the road to the hospital,” Ding Fuhao, a doctor with the hospital, told the television station. “Three were 6 injured.”The city’s meteorological authority 7 an orange alert on heavy fog at 6:06 am, meaning 8 would be lower than 200 meters in some areas.The dense fog hit coastal areas in particular, including Chongming Island, Pudong New Area, Baoshan and Fengxian districts. The alert was 9 at 9:44am. This was Shanghai’s first orange alert of heavy fog since the arrival of autumn.Several expressways in the city were closed or subject to speed limits yesterday morning.Pudong International Airport was also affected by the bad weather. The airport’s traffic was about 60 percent less than normal in the morning but picked up the 10 after the orange alert was canceled, the city’s television station said.【答案】DGIAB HCKJE【解析】1.此空格应填表示被动语态的动词过去分词，在C/D/J里选，D.confirmed表示被确认、被证实2.此空格应选择vehicles的定语，G.multiple表示多个的;3.此处应选形容词做表语， 后面and braking had led to vehicles losing control.表示刹车失控所以地面应该很滑slippery4.前面是slow down and ...所以应是刹车停下来brake5. One of the...后面应选择一个名词复数形式 B.victims ，即有一个受害者在去医院的路上死亡。6.从语法角度理解应选副词修饰injured，H. seriously严重地，和 F.typically经典地，典型地，故选H. seriously重伤7. C. issued首先应选动词，后面搭配的宾语是an orange alert ，黄色预警，所以应选issued发布8.选择名词做主语，K. visibility后面would be lower than 200 meters in some areas所以描述的应该是能见度9.此空格应填表示被动语态的动词过去分词主语是The alert，前面是被发布，所以现在应该是canceled（被撤销）10.空格前面是定冠词，此空格判断为名词E paceII. Reading ComprehensionSection A The United States does not have a government office that regulates the film industry. Government, (1)__________does link with the movie business in several ways.In the United States, films generally come from two (2) ______: large studios that produce many films and television programs each year and independent filmmakers, including both students and experienced filmmakers. Sometimes----through grants from universities or arts or humanities councils--independent filmmakers do receive (3) ______ indirectly from funding that originated with the local, state, or federal government, but more often funding comes from private investors or through charity organizations (4) ______ either promotion of arts or promotion of a cause being addressed by a film.While there is no (5) ______ of film, there are many government offices that interact with the film industry. At the state and local levels, government film offices promote local film locations because use of their local brings employment and other (6) ______ advantages to promote local tourist sites. These offices also help filmmakers work with the police and others to(7) ______filming that impacts traffic, use public buildings, or otherwise needs special consideration.(8) ______, government organizations, especially the branches of the military, have offices that help coordinate filmmakers’ use of facilities, equipment, and even personnel. It would be (9) ______, for example, for a filmmaker to construct a make-believe aircraft carrier or to hire a cast of extras to be in the (10) ______ of a movie who look like real soldiers, sailors, airmen, or marines (whose haircuts, fitness levels, and posture are often different from that of civilian actors). The military is willing to make their facilities (11) ______, within reason, for approved projects, and each branch has an office that handles these requests. Other branches of the government (12) ______ requests to use public spaces and buildings, such as monuments or parks.Many years ago, the U.S. Government did produce quite a few feature films and worked closely with Hollywood on films that would encourage public morale (士气) during wartime. However, since World War II, these programs have been (13) ______ due to a combination of budgetary and philosophical concerns. The United States Information Agency, (14) ______, for many years produced films for exhibition to overseas audiences to complement its other educational programs. One such film, John F. Kennedy: Years of Lightning, Day of Drums, a posthumous contribution to the president, even won the 1965 Academy Award for best documentary. This (15) ______, now a part of the U.S. Department of State, no longer produces such feature films.1.A. therefore B. moreover C. however D. otherwise2.A. factors B. sources C. studios D. methods3.A. criticism B. invitation C. support D. guidance4.A. regarded as B.compared to C. made of D. concerned with5.A. ministry B. feature C. promotion D. need6.A. educational B. economic C. enormous D. effective7.A. cooperate with B. focus on C. arrange for D. make up8.A. Hopefully B. Similarly C. Surprisingly D. Obviously9.A. flexible B. impatient C. neutral D. difficult10.A. industry B. background C. civilization D. entrance11.A. academic B. artificial C. available D. apparent12.A. address B. introduce C. receive D. propose13.A. promoted B. initiated C. eliminated D. highlighted14.A. for example B. by contrast C. in reality D. as a whole15.A. agent B. program C. director D. organization【答案】 1-5 CBCDA 6-10 BCBDB 11-15 CACAD【分析】1.考察副词，根据上文，可知此处为转折，美国没有规范电影产业的公司，但是政府确实在某些方面与电影保持联系。A因此，B此外，C但是，D否则。2.考察名词，根据上文come from 得知此处为来源。A因素，B来源，C工作室，D方式方法。3.考察名词，此处意为独立的电影制造者不那么直接地得到支持。A批评，B邀请函，C支持，D指导。4.考察介词短语，此处意为这些慈善组织与艺术提升相关。A作为，B与……比较，C由…制成，D与……相关。5.考察名词，此处意为虽然没有电影部分，但是存在一些政府办公室与电影产业做交流。A部门，B特色，C提升，D需要。6.考察形容词，and前后并列，前者讲到就业，此处应该为相关的经济优势。A教育的，B经济的，C大量的，D有效果的。7.考察动词短语，此处为电影做好安排。A与……合作，B关注，C为……做安排，D组成。8.考察副词，上一段在讲解同样的事情。A有希望地，B同样地，C令人惊讶地，D明显地。9.考察形容词，对于电影制作者来说，调动军事相关的力量协助拍摄电影是困难的。A灵活的，B不耐心的，C中立的，D困难的。10.考察名词，此处为电影的舞台背景。A产业，B背景，C文明，D入口。11.考察形容词，make something available使某物是可得到的，固定用法，A学业的，B人造的，C可得到的，D明显的。12.考察动词，解决需求，上文handles these requests是提示词，A解决，B引入，C收到，D提出，提议。13.考察动词，这些项目已经被减少，消除掉。A促进，B开始，C消除，D强调。14.考察介词短语。此处为举例，以The United States Information Agency为例，解释上文。A例如，B相比较而言，C实际上，D总体而言。15.考察名词，这个组织成为了周部分的一部分，不再生产诸如此类的电影。A代理人，B项目，C导演，D组织。Section B (A) In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century—most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719—but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy(识字) rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady”. Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad. In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters—from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim—were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon(名人堂) of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa. How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60, 000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to 1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them. It’s partly true that Dickens’ style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. It’s partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But it’s also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one. 1. Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century? A. They were difficult to understand. B. They were popular among the rich. C. They were seen as nearly worthless. D. They were written mostly by women. 2. Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress______. A. his reputation in FranceB. his interest in modern artC. his success in publicationD. his importance in literature3. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To remember a great writer. B. To introduce an English novel. C. To encourage studies on culture. D. To promote values of the Victorian age. 答案与解析：【语篇概述】这是一篇写于狄更斯诞辰200周年纪念前夕的文章, 介绍了英国小说的产生和兴盛, 以及狄更斯在英国小说界的地位。1. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad. 可知, 18世纪的英国小说被看不起, 被认为是愚蠢的, 邪恶的, 坏透了的。 与C选项中的worthless基本一致, 故选C。2.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段中Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged. 可知, 文章把狄更斯与《蒙娜丽莎》比较, 是利用《蒙娜丽莎》在艺术界的地位来类比狄更斯在文学界的地位。故选D。3. 【解析】选A。目的意图题。根据最后一段中But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, . . . 可知, 本文写于狄更斯诞辰200周年纪念前夕, 显然是为了纪念这位伟大的作家。故选A。 (B)About Old Faithful – The Most Famous Geyser(间歇性喷泉) in the WorldDiscovered in 1870 by the Washburn Expedition, Old Faithful geyser was named for its frequent eruptions(喷发) — which number more than a million since Yellowstone became the world’s first national park in 1872.When does Old Faithful erupt?Basic prediction of Old Faithful is dependent upon the duration of the previous eruption. During visitor center hours, geyser statistics and predictions are maintained by the naturalist staff. People speak of the average time between eruptions. This is misleading. The mathematical average between eruptions of Old Faithful is currently 74 minutes, but it doesn’t like to act average! Intervals can range from 60-110 minutes. Visitors can check for posted prediction times in most buildings in the Old Faithful area.How high does Old Faithful erupt and how long will it last?Old Faithful can vary in height from 100-180 feet with an average near 130-140 feet. This has been the historical range of its recorded height. Eruptions normally last between 1.5 to 5 minutes.I heard Old Faithful isn’t as faithful as it used to be. Is it slowing down?It depends on what you call faithful. The famous geyser currently erupts around 20 times a day and can be predicted with a 90 percent confidence rate within a 10 minute variation. Prior to the 1959 earthquake, Old Faithful erupted 21 times per day. That’s a significant decrease in activity for geologists tracking each eruption, but to visitors seeing one or two eruptions . . . it looks just fine.How many gallons of water are expelled during an eruption?It depends on the duration of the eruption. Scientists estimate that the amount ranges from 3,700 gallons (for a short duration of 1.5 minutes) to 8,400 gallons (for a longer duration of 4.5 minutes).How hot is the water in Old Faithful?During an eruption, the water temperature at the vent has been measured at 204°F (95.6°C). The steam temperature has been measured above 350°F!1.You and your friend just watched the eruption of Old Faithful at 12:26 p.m., at what time is it possible for you to enjoy the next one?A. 13:10 B. 15:06 C. 14:06 D. 13:162. Which one of the following statement about Old Faithful is true?A. The geyser’s name gives people an indication that it always erupts regularly, about 20 times each day, once every 74 minutes.B. When it is erupting, people should keep a safe distance from that due to the huge amount of water it expels as well as its freezing coldness.C. Old Faithful is a well-known geyser which can expel at least 3700 gallons water each time and it’s located in the world’s largest national park.D. If visitors want to check the eruption time, they may refer to the posted timetables, on which the predictions are calculated by the naturalists.3. Where does the article most probably appear?A.The Yellowstone official website. B. Local travel pamphlets introducing Yellowstone.C. A recently-issued guide book on Yellowstone. D. A travel magazine column about Yellowstone.【答案】1.C 2.D 3.A 【分析】1.细节理解题。根据第二段Intervals can range from 60-110 minutes.可知12:26加上110分钟得出14:16.所以答案C。2.细节理解题。根据第二段Basic prediction of Old Faithful is dependent upon the duration of the previous eruption. During visitor center hours, geyser statistics and predictions are maintained by the naturalist staff。3.由文章的开头可以看出是网站。 (C)Have you ever run into a careless cell phone user on the street? Perhaps they were busy talking, texting or checking updates on WeChat without looking at what was going on around them. As the number of this new “species” of human has kept rising. They have been given a new name—phubbers(低头族). Recently, a cartoon created by students from China Central Academy of Fine Arts put this group of people under the spotlight. In the short film, phubbers with various social identities bury themselves in their phones. A doctor plays with his cell phone while letting his patient die, a pretty woman takes selfie(自拍) in front of a car accident site, and a father loses his child without knowing about it while using his mobile phone. A chain of similar events eventually leads to the destruction of the world. Although the ending sounds overstated, the damage phubbing can bring is real. Your health is the first to bear the effect and result of it. “Constantly bending your head to check your cell phone could damage your neck,” Guangming Daily quoted doctors as saying, “the neck is like a rope that breaks after longterm stretching. ” Also, staring at cell phones for long periods of time will damage your eyesight gradually, according to the report. But that’s not all. Being a phubber could also damage your social skills and drive you away from your friends and family. At reunions with family or friends, many people tend to stick to their cell phones while others are chatting happily with each other and this creates a strange atmosphere，Beijing Evening News reported. It can also cost you your life. There have been lots of reports on phubbers who fell to their death，suffered accidents，and were robbed of their cell phones in broad daylight. 31. For what purpose does the author give the example of a cartoon in Para. 2?A. To advertise the cartoon made by students. B. To inform people of the bad effects of phubbing. C. To indicate the world will finally be destroyed by phubbers. D. To warn doctors against using cell phones while treating patients. 32. Which of the following is NOT a risk a phubber may have?A. His social skills could be affected. B. His neck and eyesight will be gradually harmed. C. He might get separated from his friends and family. D. He will cause the destruction of the world. 33. Which of the following may be the author’s attitude towards phubbing?A. Supportive. B. Optimistic. C. Opposed. D. Objective. 34. What may the passage talk about next?A. Measures to reduce the risks of phubbing. B. People addicted to phubbing. C. Definition of phubbers. D. Consequences of phubbing. 31-34 BDCA 【语篇解读】 本文中详细叙述了“低头族”给人们的生活带来的危险。通过描述低头族过度使用手机所带来的危害，提醒我们恰当使用手机。31. 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“A chain of similar events eventually leads to the destruction of the world. ”可知，该卡通短片中这一连串的事件都在告诉我们低头看手机给我们的社会带来的巨大影响和破坏。所以作者提到该短片的目的也在于此。故B正确。32. 细节理解题。根据第三段尾句“Also，staring at cell phones for long periods of time will damage your eyesight gradually，according to the report. ”和第四段第二句“Being a phubber could also damage your social skills and drive you away from your friends and family. ”及第三段第三句“Constantly bending your head to check your cell phone could damage your neck”可知，A、B、C三项都是低头族可能会有的风险。D项言过其实。33. 作者态度题。在文章第三段和第四段中作者连续指出低头族对人们的健康带来的巨大影响，再根据文章最后一段“It can also cost you your life. There have been lots of reports on phubbers who fell to their death，suffered accidents，and were robbed of their cell phones in broad daylight. ”这一行为会让人丧命、遭遇事故、被抢劫等。这些都说明作者对低头族持反对的态度。故C项正确。34. 篇章结构题。本文中作者详细叙述了低头族给人们的生活带来的危险。接着应该介绍为了消除这些危险，人们所采取的一些措施。故A正确。Section CDirections: Read the following passages.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The World Needs ZoosZOOS play an important role in the world for conservation and education. They are particularly important for endangered species. Many animals are critically endangered and may go extinct in the wild, but in zoos, they are going strong. Many others are already extinct in the wild and only survive thanks to populations kept in captivity (圈养). Even those critical of zoos often recognize that it is better to have species preserved somewhere than lose them altogether. (82) ________Take the ring-tailed lemur (环尾狐猴) of Madagascar for example. This animal is almost ubiquitous in zoos as they breed well in captivity and the public are fond of them. However, despite their high numbers in collections around the world, they are the most threatened mammalian group on the planet. A recent survey suggests that up to 95 percent of the wild populations have been lost since 2000. (83) ________ One bad year or a new disease could wipe out those that are left. Such trends are not isolated. The giraffe is another very common species in zoos. Unlike the lemurs, giraffes are widespread in the countries across much of sub-Saharan Africa. Yet giraffe populations have gone down by a third in the last thirty years. While less dramatic than the drop in lemur numbers, this is obviously a major loss and again, whole populations (which some scientists think are of unique subspecies) are on the verge of extinction.(84) ________ Ongoing and future issues from climate change can have unexpected effects on wildlife. It will become more difficult for conservationists to predict which species might be at risk. As it is, experts are struggling to continue monitoring the species that are already known to be vulnerable, so it is easy to see why common species might be overlooked. People might not take a great local loss seriously on the assumption that these animals are heavily populated elsewhere. There will, I suspect, always be resistance to the argument for keeping animals in captivity and I will not defend the zoos that are bad and in desperate need of improvement or closure. (85) ________ If even common species can lose a huge percentage of their populations in a few years, it may be too late to save them with even the best breeding programs or conservation efforts in the wild.82-85 DCBF【六选四解析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了对于濒危的动物是否需要动物园进行圈养，从而对其保护。【82题详解】由空格下一段所举的事例“Take the ring-tailed lemur of Madagascar for example. This animal is almost ubiquitous in zoos as they breed well in captivity and the public are fond of them. However, despite their high numbers in collections around the world, they are the most threatened mammalian group on the planet. (以马达加斯加的环尾狐猴为例。这种动物在动物园里几乎无处不在，因为它们在圈养条件下繁殖良好，公众喜欢它们。然而，尽管它们在世界各地的收藏数量很多，但它们是地球上最受威胁的哺乳动物群体。)”可知，即便是动物园里数量最多，最受欢迎的动物，在自然界中依然也受到威胁。由此推断出，前一句的观点应该是即便是常见的动物也会处于危险之中。D项In fact, species that are common can also come under serious threat before people realize it.(事实上，在人们意识到之前，常见的物种也会受到严重的威胁)可以引出下文。故此题选D。【83题详解】根据空格前一句“A recent survey suggests that up to 95 percent of the wild populations have been lost since 2000.(最近的一项调查显示，自2000年以来，多达95%的野生种群已经消失)”可知，95%的野生种群已经消失。又结合空格后一句“One bad year or a new disease could wipe out those that are left.(糟糕的一年或一个新的疾病可能会消灭那些剩下的)”可知，剩下的野生种群的情况十分危急。由此可知，空格处应该讲述剩下的野生种群的情况也很糟糕。那么C项This means that the remaining individuals are at serious risk.(这意味着剩下的有严重的危险)承上启下。故此题选C。【84题详解】根据空格前一句“While less dramatic than the drop in lemur numbers, this is obviously a major loss and again, whole populations (which some scientists think are of unique subspecies) are on the verge of extinction.(虽然没有狐猴数量下降那么明显，但这显然是一个重大损失，而且整个种群（一些科学家认为是独特的亚种）都濒临灭绝)”可知，通过长颈鹿的例子论证到野生动物处于危险之中。又根据空格后一句“Ongoing and future issues from climate change can have unexpected effects on wildlife. (气候变化带来的持续和未来问题可能会对野生动物产生意想不到的影响)”可知，气候变化和未来问题也会让野生动物处于危险之中。由此可知，横线处应该讲述，野生动物这种糟糕的情况不会得到改善，甚至会加剧。那么B项This is a trend that is only likely to continue.(这种趋势只可能持续下去)承上启下。故此题选B。【85题详解】根据空格前一句“There will, I suspect, always be resistance to the argument for keeping animals in captivity and I will not defend the zoos that are bad and in desperate need of improvement or closure. (对于圈养动物的论点，总会有人反对，我也不会为那些糟糕的、急需改善或关闭的动物园辩护)”可知，有人对于圈养持反对态度。但空格后一句“If even common species can lose a huge percentage of their populations in a few years, it may be too late to save them with even the best breeding programs or conservation efforts in the wild. (如果即使是普通物种也能在几年内失去大量的种群，那么即使是最好的繁殖计划或野生保护措施也可能为时已晚)”可知，作者对于圈养是持支持态度的。由此可知，横线处存在转折关系。故F项But if we wish to keep any real measure of biodiversity on the planet, we may have to lean on zoos far more than many realize.(但是，如果我们想真正衡量地球上的生物多样性，我们可能不得不依赖动物园，这远远超出了许多人的认识)起到了转折关系，承上启下。故此题选F。第II卷Section ASummary How to deal with Whiners(抱怨不停的人) ? There are always some people radiating negativity in the work place. For them, the temperature is never right, the boss is always a fool, the canteen food is awful, and they are always treated unfairly.Career experts say such habitual complainers are highly contagious and that their attitude can easily affect an entire team in a company. “While some complaints might be reasonable, others are taken from thin air. You need to see between these different types and adopt the right strategy towards each,” said Li Ling, HR manager at Wal-Mart (China). It’s especially hard to deal with complaints at work because you can’t just walk away or put your colleagues’ words out of mind. If you do, it will hurt your co-workers and you might be isolated. In a team-based company you belong to a group and need to behave accordingly. But don’t show too much sympathy. Listening passively to others’ complaints could damage your image and give others the impression that you agree with them. “Listen to the whiners actively,” says HR Li. “Help them find a solution, or see if there are ways to improve the situation.” Zhai Min, 24, a software engineer at Kingdee International Software Group in Shenzhen, found that 3 elderly workers liked to complain about everything, from extended working hours to cheap hotels on business trips. “I let them talk about their opinions,” she said, “They feel better when they can tell someone how they want things to be.” But listening actively is far from enough. Wang Dianxue, 27, is an Internet engineer at Beijing Push Marcom Group. His co-workers always complain that their computer systems are not working properly. “I ask about the specifics and work together with them to fix everything technically.” he said. HR managers believe that when staffs complain, it is more a matter of recognition than an actual problem. “The real problem is that the whiners don’t feel they are being taken seriously,” said Xu Jun, HR manager at Guangqi Honda Automobile Co., Ltd. “When you attentively give them advice or perspectives, the problem usually disappears.” ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案There are several ways to deal with whiners at workplace. First, listen to the whiners actively, help them find a solution or see if there are ways to improve the situation. Second, ask about the specifics and work together with them to fix the problems. Third, make the whiners feel they are taken seriously. (54 words) Section BDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.这家餐厅的老板致力于向顾客提供最佳服务。（commit）2.以其捐款人命名的那个图书馆，定期邀请名人作讲座，吸引了许多市民的参与。(name)3.绝大多数的医疗专家持有相同的看法，即防止该疾病传播最有效的方法是用肥皂和水手。(prevent)4. 虽然物质产品的价值可以用金钱来衡量，但要估算别人为我们所提供的服务的价值却是极其困难的。（in terms of, estimate）1.The owner of the restaurant is committed to offering customers the best service.2.The library named after its donators regularly invites famous people to give lectures，attracting many citizens to participate in them．3.Most medical experts share the same opinion that the most effective way to prevent the spread of the disease.4.Though it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money, it is extremely difficult to estimatethe true value of the services which people perform for us.Section CDirections: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.假设你是明启中学高三学生王磊，你经常阅读的英语报刊正在征集读者对于“学生最应该学会什么”的不同意见。你对此话题很感兴趣，写一篇文章表达你的观点，内容包括： 1) 你认为学生最应该学会什么；2) 结合自身情况谈谈你这么认为的理由。（文中不要涉及你的真实姓名或学校）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Dear editors, Hearing that you are looking for some opinions on “What children should learn most”, I feel honored to be able to share my views with you. Personally speaking, I’m strongly against the idea that children should spend all of their spare time learning playing the piano, English or any other subjects. As far as I’m concerned, children should first equip them with the ability to tell right from wrong. When I was a child, I was once caught cheating in the exam. I felt so embarrassed that I wished the floor would open up. To my surprise, my teacher didn’t yell at me but had a talk with me in private. From the private talk I gained a lesson that I should never take a wrong shortcut even though I am eager to succeed. Nowadays children are often told that they should achieve their goals whatever they do, which leads them to wrong ways sometimes. Hence, learning how to tell right from wrong is the first and most important thing children should learn. Thank you for taking time to read my letter. I hope my opinions will be a different voice among all the letters received.Yours sincerely,Wang Lei A. brake B. victims C. issued D. confirmed E pace F. typicallyG. multiple H. seriously I. slippery J. canceled K. visibilityA. So we can see many endangered animals living in zoos.B. This is a trend that is only likely to continue.C. This means that the remaining individuals are at serious risk.D. In fact, species that are common can also come under serious threat before people realize it.E. But unfortunately that is not always the case.F. But if we wish to keep any real measure of biodiversity on the planet, we may have to lean on zoos far more than many realize.
Unit 2 The things around us 单元素养评估测试卷第= 1 \* ROMANI卷 II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.There seems never ____11____ (be) a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do.In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with ____12____. In most of the communities ____13____ social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls ____14____ (prepare), even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.____15____ is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries ____16____ how much they have remained the same. The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology. It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present ____17____ is amazing. In Egypt, America, China, Japan and among the Arctic people, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and ways of life ____18____ toys imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehiclesBecause toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been likely to be influenced by technological leaps ____19____ characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the cart to the automobile is a direct line of ways up. The progress from a rattle (拨浪鼓)used by a baby in 3,000 BC to _____20_____ used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness. Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials.【答案】11. to have been 12. others 13. where 14. are being prepared/are prepared 15. What 16. but 17. that 18. because 19. that/which 20. one【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了玩具的发展与变化。【11题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：似乎从来就没有一个没有玩具的文明，但它们是何时以及如何发展起来的，我们不得而知。seem to do sth.似乎要做某事，这里用不定式的完成式表示该动作已经发生过了。故填to have been。【12题详解】考查代词。句意：在古代，和今天一样，大多数男孩玩某些种类的玩具，而大多数女孩则玩其他种类的玩具。这里代指前面的复数名词toys，表示“其他种类的玩具”。故填others。【13题详解】考查定语从句。句意：在大多数社会角色被严格规定的社区中，男孩按照他们父亲的活动来安排他们的游戏，而女孩正在为进入成人世界的角色和责任做准备，甚至在游戏中也是如此。句中先行词为communities，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。与故填where。【14题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：在大多数社会角色被严格规定的社区中，男孩按照他们父亲的活动来安排他们的游戏，而女孩正在为进入成人世界的角色和责任做准备，甚至在游戏中也是如此。根据句中时态可知，用一般现在时；或表示动作正在进行，所以用现在进行时。主语girls与prepare之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填are being prepared/are prepared。【15题详解】考查名词性从句。句意：在玩具的历史上，值得注意的不是它们在过去的几个世纪中发生了怎样的变化，而是它们保持了多少不变。本句为主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，所以用what引导。故填What。【16题详解】考查连词。句意：在玩具的历史上，值得注意的不是它们在过去的几个世纪中发生了怎样的变化，而是它们保持了多少不变。前后句为转折关系，所以用转折词but。故填but。【17题详解】考查强调句。句意：令人惊奇的是，玩具在世界各地发展的普遍性，以及它们至今的持久性。本句为强调句，强调句结构为It is + 强调部分 + that从句。本句强调主语the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present 。故填that。【18题详解】考查连词。句意：由于玩具模仿周围环境，所以变化取决于当地的风俗和生活方式。根据句意可知，前后句为因果关系，后句介绍变化的原因。故填because。【19题详解】考查定语从句。句意：因为玩具通常被视为一种艺术形式，它们不太可能受到技术飞跃的影响，而技术飞跃是成人发明的特征。句中先行词为technological leaps，在定语从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填that/which。【20题详解】考查代词。句意：然而，从公元前3000年婴儿使用的拨浪鼓到今天婴儿使用的拨浪鼓，并没有什么发明的特征。代词one为泛指，指代前面提到的rattle。故填one。Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.NINE people died and 43 were injured in two rear-end crashes on Shanghai’s S32 Expressway that occurred during heavy fog yesterday morning.Two were 1 dead at the scene in one of the accidents, and five were found dead in the other. Two more people died in hospital, police said.Police first received a report at 5:54 am that 2 vehicles had crashed on the S32, near a ramp of S2. The S32 links Shanghai with Zhejinag Province’s Jiaxing and Huzhou.Two people were killed after getting out of their vehicle to see what was causing congestion ahead. They were hit by an out of control tanker, police said.When police arrived at that scene, they found a further five people had been killed when a construction vehicle was crushed by two large vehicles from both front and back. The crash was about three kilometers away from the accident that killed the two people on the expressway. The injured were sent to local hospitals.Some drivers reported that the road was very 3 and braking had led to vehicles losing control.“The fog was very heavy,” an unidentified driver told Shanghai Television Station. “When I saw the accident ahead, I wanted to slow down and 4 . But once I hit the brake, the vehicle went out of control.”Zhoupu Hospital treated 12 people. “One of the 5 died on the road to the hospital,” Ding Fuhao, a doctor with the hospital, told the television station. “Three were 6 injured.”The city’s meteorological authority 7 an orange alert on heavy fog at 6:06 am, meaning 8 would be lower than 200 meters in some areas.The dense fog hit coastal areas in particular, including Chongming Island, Pudong New Area, Baoshan and Fengxian districts. The alert was 9 at 9:44am. This was Shanghai’s first orange alert of heavy fog since the arrival of autumn.Several expressways in the city were closed or subject to speed limits yesterday morning.Pudong International Airport was also affected by the bad weather. The airport’s traffic was about 60 percent less than normal in the morning but picked up the 10 after the orange alert was canceled, the city’s television station said.【答案】DGIAB HCKJE【解析】1.此空格应填表示被动语态的动词过去分词，在C/D/J里选，D.confirmed表示被确认、被证实2.此空格应选择vehicles的定语，G.multiple表示多个的;3.此处应选形容词做表语， 后面and braking had led to vehicles losing control.表示刹车失控所以地面应该很滑slippery4.前面是slow down and ...所以应是刹车停下来brake5. One of the...后面应选择一个名词复数形式 B.victims ，即有一个受害者在去医院的路上死亡。6.从语法角度理解应选副词修饰injured，H. seriously严重地，和 F.typically经典地，典型地，故选H. seriously重伤7. C. issued首先应选动词，后面搭配的宾语是an orange alert ，黄色预警，所以应选issued发布8.选择名词做主语，K. visibility后面would be lower than 200 meters in some areas所以描述的应该是能见度9.此空格应填表示被动语态的动词过去分词主语是The alert，前面是被发布，所以现在应该是canceled（被撤销）10.空格前面是定冠词，此空格判断为名词E paceII. Reading ComprehensionSection A The United States does not have a government office that regulates the film industry. Government, (1)__________does link with the movie business in several ways.In the United States, films generally come from two (2) ______: large studios that produce many films and television programs each year and independent filmmakers, including both students and experienced filmmakers. Sometimes----through grants from universities or arts or humanities councils--independent filmmakers do receive (3) ______ indirectly from funding that originated with the local, state, or federal government, but more often funding comes from private investors or through charity organizations (4) ______ either promotion of arts or promotion of a cause being addressed by a film.While there is no (5) ______ of film, there are many government offices that interact with the film industry. At the state and local levels, government film offices promote local film locations because use of their local brings employment and other (6) ______ advantages to promote local tourist sites. These offices also help filmmakers work with the police and others to(7) ______filming that impacts traffic, use public buildings, or otherwise needs special consideration.(8) ______, government organizations, especially the branches of the military, have offices that help coordinate filmmakers’ use of facilities, equipment, and even personnel. It would be (9) ______, for example, for a filmmaker to construct a make-believe aircraft carrier or to hire a cast of extras to be in the (10) ______ of a movie who look like real soldiers, sailors, airmen, or marines (whose haircuts, fitness levels, and posture are often different from that of civilian actors). The military is willing to make their facilities (11) ______, within reason, for approved projects, and each branch has an office that handles these requests. Other branches of the government (12) ______ requests to use public spaces and buildings, such as monuments or parks.Many years ago, the U.S. Government did produce quite a few feature films and worked closely with Hollywood on films that would encourage public morale (士气) during wartime. However, since World War II, these programs have been (13) ______ due to a combination of budgetary and philosophical concerns. The United States Information Agency, (14) ______, for many years produced films for exhibition to overseas audiences to complement its other educational programs. One such film, John F. Kennedy: Years of Lightning, Day of Drums, a posthumous contribution to the president, even won the 1965 Academy Award for best documentary. This (15) ______, now a part of the U.S. Department of State, no longer produces such feature films.1.A. therefore B. moreover C. however D. otherwise2.A. factors B. sources C. studios D. methods3.A. criticism B. invitation C. support D. guidance4.A. regarded as B.compared to C. made of D. concerned with5.A. ministry B. feature C. promotion D. need6.A. educational B. economic C. enormous D. effective7.A. cooperate with B. focus on C. arrange for D. make up8.A. Hopefully B. Similarly C. Surprisingly D. Obviously9.A. flexible B. impatient C. neutral D. difficult10.A. industry B. background C. civilization D. entrance11.A. academic B. artificial C. available D. apparent12.A. address B. introduce C. receive D. propose13.A. promoted B. initiated C. eliminated D. highlighted14.A. for example B. by contrast C. in reality D. as a whole15.A. agent B. program C. director D. organization【答案】 1-5 CBCDA 6-10 BCBDB 11-15 CACAD【分析】1.考察副词，根据上文，可知此处为转折，美国没有规范电影产业的公司，但是政府确实在某些方面与电影保持联系。A因此，B此外，C但是，D否则。2.考察名词，根据上文come from 得知此处为来源。A因素，B来源，C工作室，D方式方法。3.考察名词，此处意为独立的电影制造者不那么直接地得到支持。A批评，B邀请函，C支持，D指导。4.考察介词短语，此处意为这些慈善组织与艺术提升相关。A作为，B与……比较，C由…制成，D与……相关。5.考察名词，此处意为虽然没有电影部分，但是存在一些政府办公室与电影产业做交流。A部门，B特色，C提升，D需要。6.考察形容词，and前后并列，前者讲到就业，此处应该为相关的经济优势。A教育的，B经济的，C大量的，D有效果的。7.考察动词短语，此处为电影做好安排。A与……合作，B关注，C为……做安排，D组成。8.考察副词，上一段在讲解同样的事情。A有希望地，B同样地，C令人惊讶地，D明显地。9.考察形容词，对于电影制作者来说，调动军事相关的力量协助拍摄电影是困难的。A灵活的，B不耐心的，C中立的，D困难的。10.考察名词，此处为电影的舞台背景。A产业，B背景，C文明，D入口。11.考察形容词，make something available使某物是可得到的，固定用法，A学业的，B人造的，C可得到的，D明显的。12.考察动词，解决需求，上文handles these requests是提示词，A解决，B引入，C收到，D提出，提议。13.考察动词，这些项目已经被减少，消除掉。A促进，B开始，C消除，D强调。14.考察介词短语。此处为举例，以The United States Information Agency为例，解释上文。A例如，B相比较而言，C实际上，D总体而言。15.考察名词，这个组织成为了周部分的一部分，不再生产诸如此类的电影。A代理人，B项目，C导演，D组织。Section B (A) In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century—most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719—but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy(识字) rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady”. Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad. In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters—from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim—were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon(名人堂) of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa. How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60, 000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to 1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them. It’s partly true that Dickens’ style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. It’s partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But it’s also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one. 1. Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century? A. They were difficult to understand. B. They were popular among the rich. C. They were seen as nearly worthless. D. They were written mostly by women. 2. Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress______. A. his reputation in FranceB. his interest in modern artC. his success in publicationD. his importance in literature3. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To remember a great writer. B. To introduce an English novel. C. To encourage studies on culture. D. To promote values of the Victorian age. 答案与解析：【语篇概述】这是一篇写于狄更斯诞辰200周年纪念前夕的文章, 介绍了英国小说的产生和兴盛, 以及狄更斯在英国小说界的地位。1. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad. 可知, 18世纪的英国小说被看不起, 被认为是愚蠢的, 邪恶的, 坏透了的。 与C选项中的worthless基本一致, 故选C。2.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段中Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged. 可知, 文章把狄更斯与《蒙娜丽莎》比较, 是利用《蒙娜丽莎》在艺术界的地位来类比狄更斯在文学界的地位。故选D。3. 【解析】选A。目的意图题。根据最后一段中But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, . . . 可知, 本文写于狄更斯诞辰200周年纪念前夕, 显然是为了纪念这位伟大的作家。故选A。 (B)About Old Faithful – The Most Famous Geyser(间歇性喷泉) in the WorldDiscovered in 1870 by the Washburn Expedition, Old Faithful geyser was named for its frequent eruptions(喷发) — which number more than a million since Yellowstone became the world’s first national park in 1872.When does Old Faithful erupt?Basic prediction of Old Faithful is dependent upon the duration of the previous eruption. During visitor center hours, geyser statistics and predictions are maintained by the naturalist staff. People speak of the average time between eruptions. This is misleading. The mathematical average between eruptions of Old Faithful is currently 74 minutes, but it doesn’t like to act average! Intervals can range from 60-110 minutes. Visitors can check for posted prediction times in most buildings in the Old Faithful area.How high does Old Faithful erupt and how long will it last?Old Faithful can vary in height from 100-180 feet with an average near 130-140 feet. This has been the historical range of its recorded height. Eruptions normally last between 1.5 to 5 minutes.I heard Old Faithful isn’t as faithful as it used to be. Is it slowing down?It depends on what you call faithful. The famous geyser currently erupts around 20 times a day and can be predicted with a 90 percent confidence rate within a 10 minute variation. Prior to the 1959 earthquake, Old Faithful erupted 21 times per day. That’s a significant decrease in activity for geologists tracking each eruption, but to visitors seeing one or two eruptions . . . it looks just fine.How many gallons of water are expelled during an eruption?It depends on the duration of the eruption. Scientists estimate that the amount ranges from 3,700 gallons (for a short duration of 1.5 minutes) to 8,400 gallons (for a longer duration of 4.5 minutes).How hot is the water in Old Faithful?During an eruption, the water temperature at the vent has been measured at 204°F (95.6°C). The steam temperature has been measured above 350°F!1.You and your friend just watched the eruption of Old Faithful at 12:26 p.m., at what time is it possible for you to enjoy the next one?A. 13:10 B. 15:06 C. 14:06 D. 13:162. Which one of the following statement about Old Faithful is true?A. The geyser’s name gives people an indication that it always erupts regularly, about 20 times each day, once every 74 minutes.B. When it is erupting, people should keep a safe distance from that due to the huge amount of water it expels as well as its freezing coldness.C. Old Faithful is a well-known geyser which can expel at least 3700 gallons water each time and it’s located in the world’s largest national park.D. If visitors want to check the eruption time, they may refer to the posted timetables, on which the predictions are calculated by the naturalists.3. Where does the article most probably appear?A.The Yellowstone official website. B. Local travel pamphlets introducing Yellowstone.C. A recently-issued guide book on Yellowstone. D. A travel magazine column about Yellowstone.【答案】1.C 2.D 3.A 【分析】1.细节理解题。根据第二段Intervals can range from 60-110 minutes.可知12:26加上110分钟得出14:16.所以答案C。2.细节理解题。根据第二段Basic prediction of Old Faithful is dependent upon the duration of the previous eruption. During visitor center hours, geyser statistics and predictions are maintained by the naturalist staff。3.由文章的开头可以看出是网站。 (C)Have you ever run into a careless cell phone user on the street? Perhaps they were busy talking, texting or checking updates on WeChat without looking at what was going on around them. As the number of this new “species” of human has kept rising. They have been given a new name—phubbers(低头族). Recently, a cartoon created by students from China Central Academy of Fine Arts put this group of people under the spotlight. In the short film, phubbers with various social identities bury themselves in their phones. A doctor plays with his cell phone while letting his patient die, a pretty woman takes selfie(自拍) in front of a car accident site, and a father loses his child without knowing about it while using his mobile phone. A chain of similar events eventually leads to the destruction of the world. Although the ending sounds overstated, the damage phubbing can bring is real. Your health is the first to bear the effect and result of it. “Constantly bending your head to check your cell phone could damage your neck,” Guangming Daily quoted doctors as saying, “the neck is like a rope that breaks after longterm stretching. ” Also, staring at cell phones for long periods of time will damage your eyesight gradually, according to the report. But that’s not all. Being a phubber could also damage your social skills and drive you away from your friends and family. At reunions with family or friends, many people tend to stick to their cell phones while others are chatting happily with each other and this creates a strange atmosphere，Beijing Evening News reported. It can also cost you your life. There have been lots of reports on phubbers who fell to their death，suffered accidents，and were robbed of their cell phones in broad daylight. 31. For what purpose does the author give the example of a cartoon in Para. 2?A. To advertise the cartoon made by students. B. To inform people of the bad effects of phubbing. C. To indicate the world will finally be destroyed by phubbers. D. To warn doctors against using cell phones while treating patients. 32. Which of the following is NOT a risk a phubber may have?A. His social skills could be affected. B. His neck and eyesight will be gradually harmed. C. He might get separated from his friends and family. D. He will cause the destruction of the world. 33. Which of the following may be the author’s attitude towards phubbing?A. Supportive. B. Optimistic. C. Opposed. D. Objective. 34. What may the passage talk about next?A. Measures to reduce the risks of phubbing. B. People addicted to phubbing. C. Definition of phubbers. D. Consequences of phubbing. 31-34 BDCA 【语篇解读】 本文中详细叙述了“低头族”给人们的生活带来的危险。通过描述低头族过度使用手机所带来的危害，提醒我们恰当使用手机。31. 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“A chain of similar events eventually leads to the destruction of the world. ”可知，该卡通短片中这一连串的事件都在告诉我们低头看手机给我们的社会带来的巨大影响和破坏。所以作者提到该短片的目的也在于此。故B正确。32. 细节理解题。根据第三段尾句“Also，staring at cell phones for long periods of time will damage your eyesight gradually，according to the report. ”和第四段第二句“Being a phubber could also damage your social skills and drive you away from your friends and family. ”及第三段第三句“Constantly bending your head to check your cell phone could damage your neck”可知，A、B、C三项都是低头族可能会有的风险。D项言过其实。33. 作者态度题。在文章第三段和第四段中作者连续指出低头族对人们的健康带来的巨大影响，再根据文章最后一段“It can also cost you your life. There have been lots of reports on phubbers who fell to their death，suffered accidents，and were robbed of their cell phones in broad daylight. ”这一行为会让人丧命、遭遇事故、被抢劫等。这些都说明作者对低头族持反对的态度。故C项正确。34. 篇章结构题。本文中作者详细叙述了低头族给人们的生活带来的危险。接着应该介绍为了消除这些危险，人们所采取的一些措施。故A正确。Section CDirections: Read the following passages.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The World Needs ZoosZOOS play an important role in the world for conservation and education. They are particularly important for endangered species. Many animals are critically endangered and may go extinct in the wild, but in zoos, they are going strong. Many others are already extinct in the wild and only survive thanks to populations kept in captivity (圈养). Even those critical of zoos often recognize that it is better to have species preserved somewhere than lose them altogether. (82) ________Take the ring-tailed lemur (环尾狐猴) of Madagascar for example. This animal is almost ubiquitous in zoos as they breed well in captivity and the public are fond of them. However, despite their high numbers in collections around the world, they are the most threatened mammalian group on the planet. A recent survey suggests that up to 95 percent of the wild populations have been lost since 2000. (83) ________ One bad year or a new disease could wipe out those that are left. Such trends are not isolated. The giraffe is another very common species in zoos. Unlike the lemurs, giraffes are widespread in the countries across much of sub-Saharan Africa. Yet giraffe populations have gone down by a third in the last thirty years. While less dramatic than the drop in lemur numbers, this is obviously a major loss and again, whole populations (which some scientists think are of unique subspecies) are on the verge of extinction.(84) ________ Ongoing and future issues from climate change can have unexpected effects on wildlife. It will become more difficult for conservationists to predict which species might be at risk. As it is, experts are struggling to continue monitoring the species that are already known to be vulnerable, so it is easy to see why common species might be overlooked. People might not take a great local loss seriously on the assumption that these animals are heavily populated elsewhere. There will, I suspect, always be resistance to the argument for keeping animals in captivity and I will not defend the zoos that are bad and in desperate need of improvement or closure. (85) ________ If even common species can lose a huge percentage of their populations in a few years, it may be too late to save them with even the best breeding programs or conservation efforts in the wild.82-85 DCBF【六选四解析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了对于濒危的动物是否需要动物园进行圈养，从而对其保护。【82题详解】由空格下一段所举的事例“Take the ring-tailed lemur of Madagascar for example. This animal is almost ubiquitous in zoos as they breed well in captivity and the public are fond of them. However, despite their high numbers in collections around the world, they are the most threatened mammalian group on the planet. (以马达加斯加的环尾狐猴为例。这种动物在动物园里几乎无处不在，因为它们在圈养条件下繁殖良好，公众喜欢它们。然而，尽管它们在世界各地的收藏数量很多，但它们是地球上最受威胁的哺乳动物群体。)”可知，即便是动物园里数量最多，最受欢迎的动物，在自然界中依然也受到威胁。由此推断出，前一句的观点应该是即便是常见的动物也会处于危险之中。D项In fact, species that are common can also come under serious threat before people realize it.(事实上，在人们意识到之前，常见的物种也会受到严重的威胁)可以引出下文。故此题选D。【83题详解】根据空格前一句“A recent survey suggests that up to 95 percent of the wild populations have been lost since 2000.(最近的一项调查显示，自2000年以来，多达95%的野生种群已经消失)”可知，95%的野生种群已经消失。又结合空格后一句“One bad year or a new disease could wipe out those that are left.(糟糕的一年或一个新的疾病可能会消灭那些剩下的)”可知，剩下的野生种群的情况十分危急。由此可知，空格处应该讲述剩下的野生种群的情况也很糟糕。那么C项This means that the remaining individuals are at serious risk.(这意味着剩下的有严重的危险)承上启下。故此题选C。【84题详解】根据空格前一句“While less dramatic than the drop in lemur numbers, this is obviously a major loss and again, whole populations (which some scientists think are of unique subspecies) are on the verge of extinction.(虽然没有狐猴数量下降那么明显，但这显然是一个重大损失，而且整个种群（一些科学家认为是独特的亚种）都濒临灭绝)”可知，通过长颈鹿的例子论证到野生动物处于危险之中。又根据空格后一句“Ongoing and future issues from climate change can have unexpected effects on wildlife. (气候变化带来的持续和未来问题可能会对野生动物产生意想不到的影响)”可知，气候变化和未来问题也会让野生动物处于危险之中。由此可知，横线处应该讲述，野生动物这种糟糕的情况不会得到改善，甚至会加剧。那么B项This is a trend that is only likely to continue.(这种趋势只可能持续下去)承上启下。故此题选B。【85题详解】根据空格前一句“There will, I suspect, always be resistance to the argument for keeping animals in captivity and I will not defend the zoos that are bad and in desperate need of improvement or closure. (对于圈养动物的论点，总会有人反对，我也不会为那些糟糕的、急需改善或关闭的动物园辩护)”可知，有人对于圈养持反对态度。但空格后一句“If even common species can lose a huge percentage of their populations in a few years, it may be too late to save them with even the best breeding programs or conservation efforts in the wild. (如果即使是普通物种也能在几年内失去大量的种群，那么即使是最好的繁殖计划或野生保护措施也可能为时已晚)”可知，作者对于圈养是持支持态度的。由此可知，横线处存在转折关系。故F项But if we wish to keep any real measure of biodiversity on the planet, we may have to lean on zoos far more than many realize.(但是，如果我们想真正衡量地球上的生物多样性，我们可能不得不依赖动物园，这远远超出了许多人的认识)起到了转折关系，承上启下。故此题选F。第II卷Section ASummary How to deal with Whiners(抱怨不停的人) ? There are always some people radiating negativity in the work place. For them, the temperature is never right, the boss is always a fool, the canteen food is awful, and they are always treated unfairly.Career experts say such habitual complainers are highly contagious and that their attitude can easily affect an entire team in a company. “While some complaints might be reasonable, others are taken from thin air. You need to see between these different types and adopt the right strategy towards each,” said Li Ling, HR manager at Wal-Mart (China). It’s especially hard to deal with complaints at work because you can’t just walk away or put your colleagues’ words out of mind. If you do, it will hurt your co-workers and you might be isolated. In a team-based company you belong to a group and need to behave accordingly. But don’t show too much sympathy. Listening passively to others’ complaints could damage your image and give others the impression that you agree with them. “Listen to the whiners actively,” says HR Li. “Help them find a solution, or see if there are ways to improve the situation.” Zhai Min, 24, a software engineer at Kingdee International Software Group in Shenzhen, found that 3 elderly workers liked to complain about everything, from extended working hours to cheap hotels on business trips. “I let them talk about their opinions,” she said, “They feel better when they can tell someone how they want things to be.” But listening actively is far from enough. Wang Dianxue, 27, is an Internet engineer at Beijing Push Marcom Group. His co-workers always complain that their computer systems are not working properly. “I ask about the specifics and work together with them to fix everything technically.” he said. HR managers believe that when staffs complain, it is more a matter of recognition than an actual problem. “The real problem is that the whiners don’t feel they are being taken seriously,” said Xu Jun, HR manager at Guangqi Honda Automobile Co., Ltd. “When you attentively give them advice or perspectives, the problem usually disappears.” ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案There are several ways to deal with whiners at workplace. First, listen to the whiners actively, help them find a solution or see if there are ways to improve the situation. Second, ask about the specifics and work together with them to fix the problems. Third, make the whiners feel they are taken seriously. (54 words) Section BDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.这家餐厅的老板致力于向顾客提供最佳服务。（commit）2.以其捐款人命名的那个图书馆，定期邀请名人作讲座，吸引了许多市民的参与。(name)3.绝大多数的医疗专家持有相同的看法，即防止该疾病传播最有效的方法是用肥皂和水手。(prevent)4. 虽然物质产品的价值可以用金钱来衡量，但要估算别人为我们所提供的服务的价值却是极其困难的。（in terms of, estimate）1.The owner of the restaurant is committed to offering customers the best service.2.The library named after its donators regularly invites famous people to give lectures，attracting many citizens to participate in them．3.Most medical experts share the same opinion that the most effective way to prevent the spread of the disease.4.Though it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money, it is extremely difficult to estimatethe true value of the services which people perform for us.Section CDirections: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.假设你是明启中学高三学生王磊，你经常阅读的英语报刊正在征集读者对于“学生最应该学会什么”的不同意见。你对此话题很感兴趣，写一篇文章表达你的观点，内容包括： 1) 你认为学生最应该学会什么；2) 结合自身情况谈谈你这么认为的理由。（文中不要涉及你的真实姓名或学校）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Dear editors, Hearing that you are looking for some opinions on “What children should learn most”, I feel honored to be able to share my views with you. Personally speaking, I’m strongly against the idea that children should spend all of their spare time learning playing the piano, English or any other subjects. As far as I’m concerned, children should first equip them with the ability to tell right from wrong. When I was a child, I was once caught cheating in the exam. I felt so embarrassed that I wished the floor would open up. To my surprise, my teacher didn’t yell at me but had a talk with me in private. From the private talk I gained a lesson that I should never take a wrong shortcut even though I am eager to succeed. Nowadays children are often told that they should achieve their goals whatever they do, which leads them to wrong ways sometimes. Hence, learning how to tell right from wrong is the first and most important thing children should learn. Thank you for taking time to read my letter. I hope my opinions will be a different voice among all the letters received.Yours sincerely,Wang Lei A. brake B. victims C. issued D. confirmed E pace F. typicallyG. multiple H. seriously I. slippery J. canceled K. visibilityA. So we can see many endangered animals living in zoos.B. This is a trend that is only likely to continue.C. This means that the remaining individuals are at serious risk.D. In fact, species that are common can also come under serious threat before people realize it.E. But unfortunately that is not always the case.F. But if we wish to keep any real measure of biodiversity on the planet, we may have to lean on zoos far more than many realize.
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