上外版2020必修第三册 高一英语下学期 Unit2.Art and Artists单元知识点讲解

这是一份上外版2020必修第三册 高一英语下学期 Unit2.Art and Artists单元知识点讲解，共26页。

Unit 2 Art and Artists【单元词汇概览】1. talent [ˈtælənt] n.天才；天资；天赋2. title [ˈtaɪtl] n. 称号，头衔，职称，称谓；标题，题目3. display [dɪˈspleɪ] n. 陈列；展览4. shade [ʃeɪd] n. 阴凉处；色度5. beyond [bɪˈjɒnd] prep. 超出；在……之外6. aquatic [əˈkwætɪk] adj. 水生的；水栖的7. symbolic [sɪmˈbɒlɪk] adj. 作为象征的；象征性的8. prosperity [prɒˈsperəti] n. 兴旺；繁荣；昌盛9. base [beɪs] v. 以……作为基础（或根据）10. stable [ˈsteɪbl] adj. 稳定的；稳固的；牢固的11. harmonious [hɑ:ˈməʊniəs]adj.和谐的12. figure [ˈfɪɡə] n. （绘画或故事中的）人，动物；数字13. expression [ɪkˈspreʃən] n.表达；表露14. detail [ˈdi:teɪl]n. 细微之处；细节15. energetic [ˌenəˈdʒetɪk] adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的；积极的16. stroke [strəʊk] n. 笔触17. manner [ˈmænə] n.方式；方法18. trend [trend] n. 趋势；倾向；19. typical [ˈtɪpɪkl] adj. 典型的；有代表性的20. recognize [ˈrekəgnaɪz]v. 赞赏；认可；认出；辨别出21. seal [si:l]n. 印章；图章；玺；印记22. pursue [pəˈsju:] v. 追求；致力于；23. award [əˈwɔːd] v. 24. banquet [ˈbæŋkwɪt] n.宴会；盛宴25. extend [ɪkˈstend]v.提供；给予26. distinguished [dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃt] adj.卓越的；杰出的；著名的27. attendance [əˈtendəns] n.出席；参加；上学；到场28. literature [ˈlɪtrətʃə] n.文学；文学作品29. respectful [rɪˈspektfl] adj.表示敬意的；尊敬的30. slight [slaɪt] adj. very small in degree轻微的；略微的31. literary [ˈlɪtərəri] adj.文学的；文学上的32. grateful [ˈgreɪtfəl] adj. 感激的；表示感谢的33. occupy [ˈɒkjupaɪ] v.使忙于（做某事）；忙着（做某事）occupy oneself in doing sth 忙于做某事34. ultimately [ˈʌltɪmətli] adv.最终；最后；35. troublesome [ˈtrʌblsəm] adj. 令人烦恼的；讨厌的；36. outgoing [ˈaʊtˌgəʊɪŋ] adj.外向的；开朗的37. nationality [ˌnæʃəˈnæləti] n. 国籍38. convey [kənˈveɪ] v.表达，传递39. exist [igˈzist] v. 存在【核心词组】Show/have a talent foron displaybeyond wordsbe based on…figure outin detail get along withbe occupied with/inrecognize asbe distinguished for【词汇重点】1. talent [ˈtælənt] n. a natural ability to do sth well天才；天资；天赋adj. talented 有才能的；多才的Show/have a talent for She is proud that both her children have a talent for music.她为自己的两个孩子都有音乐天赋感到自豪。2. display [dɪˈspleɪ] n. 陈列；展览on display Most of the other artists whose work is on display were his pupils or colleagues.其他有作品展出的艺术家大多数是他的学生或同事。3. distinguished  /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt/  adj. 卓越的；杰出的；著名的n.distinction 区别；差别v. distinguish 区别，区分；辨别Adam Smith is distinguished for his knowledge of economics.亚当·斯密以经济学方面的精湛学识而闻名。4. energetic  /ˌenəˈdʒetɪk/ adj. 精力充沛的；充满活力的；需要能量的；积极的n. energy [物] 能量；精力；活力The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. 一天中您感觉精力最充沛的时间是您的体温周期达到顶峰的时候。exist /ɪɡˈzɪst/  v. 存在；实际上有n. existence 存在；存在物 v. coexist 共存 exist inSome simple organisms have existed on earth for hundreds of millions of years.有些生物在地球上已经存在了数百万年。expression /ɪkˈspreʃn/ n. 表示；表达；表露adj. expressive 富于表情的；有表现力的v. express 表达；快递Laughter is one of the most infectious expressions of emotion.笑是最具感染力的感情表达方式之一。Levin sat there, an expression of sadness on his face.莱文坐在那里，神情忧伤。extend  /ɪkˈstend/ v. 提供；给予adj. extensive 广阔的；广大的；大量的Countries voted in favor of extending existing restrictions on nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPE) to imports of clothing and other textile products.各国投票赞成将对壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚 (NPE) 的现有限制扩大到服装和其他纺织品的进口。harmonious /hɑːˈməʊniəs/  adj. 友好和睦的；和谐的n. harmony 协调；和睦；融洽；调和To reach the goal of building a safe and harmonious society, Beijing Traffic Management Bureau has restricted regional traffic in rush hours on working days.<2021年金山区一模概要写作>为实现构建平安和谐社会的目标，北京市交管局对工作日高峰时段区域交通进行了 限制。literature /ˈlɪtrətʃə(r)/    n. 文学；文学作品adj. literate 受过教育的；精通文学的adj. literary 文学的Four centuries ago, the author of one of the greatest comedic characters in world literature took his last breath. 四个世纪前，世界文学中最伟大的喜剧人物之一的作者咽下了最后一口气。occupy /ˈɒkjupaɪ/ v. 使忙于（做某事）；忙着（做某事）n. occupation 工作；职业be occupied withChildren under 4 years, not occupying a seat, are carried FREE on excursion trains only, excluding special events and dining trains.4岁以下儿童不占座位，仅可免费乘坐游览列车，不包括特殊活动和餐饮列车。pursue /pəˈsjuː/      v. 追求；致力于；执行；贯彻n. pursuit 追赶，追求It is not necessary to know which field of study you wish to pursue before you begin college. 上大学之前不一定要知道自己想要追求什么。12. recognise /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/   v. 赞赏；认可；看重；认识；认出；辨别出；承认；意识到adj. recognized 公认的；经过验证的n. recognition 识别；承认，认出recognise A as BMedia literacy, also known as news literacy, is the ability to use critical thinking skills to recognise differences between real and “fake” news. 媒体素养，也称为新闻素养，是使用批判性思维技能来识别真实和“假”新闻之间差异的能力。13. stable /ˈsteɪbl/   adj. 稳定的；稳固的；牢固的n. stability 稳定性；坚定，恒心.Their characters are fully formed and they are both very stable children. 他们的性格已完全定型，俩人都是很稳重的孩子。14. symbolic /sɪmˈbɒlɪk/    adj. 使用象征的；作为象征的；象征性的n. symbol 象征；符号；标志v. symbolize 象征；用符号表现All human cultures have their rituals—typically repetitive, symbolic behaviors that a group of people experience as purposeful. 所有人类文化都有自己的仪式——通常是一群人认为有目的的重复性、象征性行为。15. convey /kənˈveɪ/    v. 表达、传递（思想、感情等）；在…上面航行adj. conveyable 可传达的；可搬运的 Mermaid logo also conveys original and modern meanings.美人鱼标志也传达了原始和现代的含义。16. shade [ʃeɪd] n. 阴凉处；色度shady【例句】In the mornings the sky appeared a heavy shade of mottled grey.清晨，天空看上去是斑驳的深灰色调。17. beyond [bɪˈjɒnd] prep. more than sth超出；在……之外【例句】On his right was a thriving vegetable garden and beyond it a small orchard of apple trees.在他的右边是一片长势旺盛的菜园，另一头是一小片苹果树林。【短语】beyond sb. 超出某人的认知范围beyond words 无法用语言表达18. symbolic [sɪmˈbɒlɪk] adj. containing symbols,or being used as a symbol使用象征的；作为象征的；象征性的【例句】A lot of Latin-American officials are stressing the symbolic importance of the trip.许多拉丁美洲官员正在强调这次旅行在象征意义上的重要性。19. prosperity [prɒˈsperəti] n. the state of being successful, especially in making money兴旺；繁荣；成功；昌盛【例句】a new era of peace and prosperity.一个和平与繁荣的新时代。【拓展】prosperous /ˈprɒspərəs/ 富裕的; 成功的 20. base [beɪs] v. to use an idea, a fact, a situation, etc. as the point from which sth can be developed以某物作为……的基础（或根据）【例句】He based his conclusions on the evidence given by the captured prisoners.他根据俘虏提供的证据得出了自己的结论。【搭配】be based on… 以…为基础21. harmonious [hɑ:ˈməʊniəs]adj.(of relationships, etc.) friendly,peaceful and without any disagreement（关系等）友好和睦的；和谐的【例】Their harmonious relationship resulted in part from their similar goals.他们融洽的关系部分来自于他们相似的目标。22. figure [ˈfɪɡə] n. a person or an animal in a drawing,painting,etc.,or in a story（绘画或故事中的）人，动物【例句】The movement is supported by key figures in the three main political parties.这场运动由3个主要政党的重要人物支持。【拓展】figure out【例句】She figured that both she and Ned had learned a lot from the experience.她想她和内德都从这次经历中学到了很多。We could figure out the pronoun problem. 我们可以解决这个代词问题。23. detail [ˈdi:teɪl]n. a small individual fact or item;a less important fact or item细微之处；枝节【例句】The details of the plan are still being worked out.计划的细节还在制定中。【短语】in detail 详细地 ; 具体地 ; 详细的 ; 详尽24. energetic [ˌenəˈdʒetɪk] adj. having or needing a lot of energy and enthusiasm精力充沛的；充满活力的；需要能量的；积极的【例句】Ibrahim is 59, strong looking, enormously energetic and accomplished.伊卜拉希姆59岁，健壮的样子，精力极其充沛且富有才华。Ten year-olds are incredibly energetic.10岁的孩子精力非常旺盛。25. stroke [strəʊk] n. a mark made by moving a pen,brush,etc. once across a surface笔触【例句】Fill in gaps by using short, upward strokes of the pencil.26. seal [si:l]n. an official design or mark,stamped on a document to show that it is genuine and carries the authority of a particular person or organization印章；图章；玺；印记【例句】The letter bore the president's seal. 信上盖有总统的印章。【单元语法】非谓语之动词不定式1. 构成1. To catch the train, we'd better hurry to the station by taxi.2. She was the first woman to be elected such a post.3. I meant to have finished my work last night, but I didn't feel very well.4. It has been an honor for me to have been invited to your country.5. It happened to be raining when I got there. 【经典题例】1.The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported ___________ (break) the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race. 2. When mother entered the room last night, I pretended ___________ (work) on the computer. 3.Energy drinks are not allowed _________ (make) in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand. 4. It seemed a pity for me ____________ ( waste) so much time. 5. It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows what ______ (do) with it.注意①seem; appear; be said; be supposed; be believed; be thought; be known; be reported等动词常用于上面句型。注意②expect / hope /intend/ mean / promise / suppose / think / want/ wish + 不定式完成时，表示“过去未曾实现的愿望”。 也可以用这类动词的过去完成时来表达“原打算、原以为”之意思。如：I intended to have called on you, but was prevented from doing so. 我原想来拜访你，但没来成。I expected to have met him here last night. 我以为昨晚能在这里见到他。I had hoped to meet him at the railway station, but he didn't turn up. 我本希望在火车站接到他，但他未露面。2．用法To finish that task in such a short time is really a challenge. （主语）He managed to solve the complicated problem. （宾语）I feel it a great honor to be invited to speak at the meeting before so many students. （形式宾语）His wish is to become an astronaut. （表语）On Sundays, he always has a lot of letters to write. （定语）She raised her voice to be heard well. （状语）The teacher encouraged the students to take active part in some outdoor activities. （补语）(ask/tell/order/advise sb. to do sth.) (make/have/let sb do sth ) (feel/see/sb do sth.)★必背：用作独立成分的不定式有：to tell you the truth 说老实话; to be frank 坦率地说; to begin with 首先; to be brief 简言之; to make things worse 更糟的是; to be exact 精确地说; to say nothing of 姑且不说; to conclude 总而言之; to be sure 诚然; to do him justice 说句公道话; so to speak 可以这么说★必背：常见带to的动词:本单元重点学习不定式作宾补、定语、状语1. 做宾语补足语（动词+宾语+ to do） 不定式作宾语补足语，通常只放在某些特地的谓语动词后面，其基本结构是“动词+宾语+ to do” 2. 做定语（名词+ to do）做定语则修饰的是名词，且放在被修饰名词后面。3. 作状语不定式最主要的状语功能就是表示目的，还可以表示结果、条件以及原因。（1）目的状语to do 结构可放在句末，来表示句中某个动作的目的，即为目的状语从句。若要强调目的状语，可以把 to do 提置句首。To avoid criticism, do nothing, say nothing, be nothing.为了不被批评，那只好什么也不做，什么也不说，最后就什么也不是。不定式充当目的状语时，否定形式要用 in order not to 或 so as not to，而不能单独用 not to。 We’d better start early, in order not to miss the train.而不能说 We’d better start early, not to miss the train.（2）结果状语We hurried to the railway station, only to find the train had just left. 我们匆匆忙忙赶到火车站，结果却发现火车刚刚出站。句型1：. so +形容词+as to do/ such as to doHer story is so sad as to arouse our sympathy.= Her story is such as to arouse our sympathy.她的经历如此悲惨，以至于引起了我们的同情。句型2： 形容词+enough to doHe is old enough to go to school.他年纪足够大去学校了。句型3：. too...to do 结构a. 肯定形式，否定意思。表示“太....而不能”If they did fall, they are too light to hurt my feet.即使它们掉下来也不会伤者我的脚的，因为它们很轻。b. 肯定形式，肯定意思(1) too 后面接特殊形容词，如 ready（乐意的）、anxious（热心的），eager（热切的）， willing（愿意 的），此时句型表示肯定意思I’m just too eager to help you.我非常乐意帮助你。(2) 当 too 前面有 only, all, but, really 修饰时，该结构表示肯定意思。I’m only too pleased to help you.我非常乐意帮助你。(3) 否定句 双重否定两种形式：A. not too...to do 表示“不很...所以能够”； We are never too old learn.活到老，学到老。 B. too....not to do 表示“很...所以不会不”He is too smart not to see your point.他很聪明，不会不明白你的意思。（3）条件状语 当不定式表示条件时，句子的位于通常含有助动词，如：will, would, shall,should, must,can,could 等。The father will be proud for his son to win the gold medal.= The father will be proud if his son wins the gold medal.如果他儿子能拿金牌，这位父亲将非常自豪。【课堂练习】1. The broadly-knowledgeable professor told us every part of the materials should be made use of ________ the power plant.A. build              B. building              C. to build              D. built【答案解析】 C【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那位知识渊博的教授告诉我们，建造发电厂要充分利用这些材料的每一部分。分析句子成分可知，“________ the power plant”作目的状语，因此用不定式形式，故选C。【点睛】此题极易误选B项，该句中“should be made use of”为被动式作谓语，主语为“every part of the materials”，故这里介词of的逻辑宾语应为句中主语，与其后的“________(build) the power plant”分别属于不同的句子成分，故排除B项。结合句意，“________ the power plant”作目的状语，因此用不定式形式，故选C。2. The problems_________ at the meeting tomorrow are really hard to solve.A. to be discussed              B. discussed              C. being discussed              D. to discuss【答案解析】 A【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：明天会议上要讨论的问题真的很难解决。分析句子结构可知discuss在句中应用非谓语动词形式，结合后文“at the meeting tomorrow”可知表示将来的动作应用不定式，且problems与discuss构成被动关系，故应用不定式的被动语态to be done形式。故选A。3. Various measures are being taken such as the street-stall and small-store economy ______ domestic demand.A. expanded              B. to be expanding              C. expanding              D. to expand【答案解析】 D【详解】考查不定式。句意：正在采取各种措施，如街头摊贩和小商店经济，以扩大内需。本句主语是Various measures，谓语动词是 are being taken， ______ domestic demand.是目的状语，用不定式结构，故选D项。4. The great scientist is said to be writing a science story about outer space ________ by Science and Technology Press next year.A. published              B. being publishedC. to be published              D. having been published【答案解析】 C【详解】考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：据说这位伟大的科学家正在写一篇关于外太空的科学报道，将于明年由科技出版社出版。分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，根据时间状语next year可知publish这一动作是将要发生的动作，故此处用不定式形式，且逻辑主语story与publish是被动关系，故用不定式的被动语态to be done。故选C。5. We have been informed of the strict rules _____ for garbage sorting in the near future.A. adopted              B. to adopt              C. to be adopted              D. having adopted【答案解析】 C【详解】考查非谓语。句意：我们已经听闻了不久的将来要施行的严格的垃圾分类制度。注意题干中的in the near future表示将来的时间，因此这个制度还没有正式施行，不定式表将来时，且制度与采纳施行为逻辑上的被动关系，故用to be adopted。故选C项。6. Have you ever waited for your bus for a very long time, _____ by two or more buses arriving together?A. only to greet              B. only greeted              C. only to be greeted              D. only greeting【答案解析】 C【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：你是否曾经等了很长时间的车，结果却是两辆或更多的车同时来接你?。only to do sth表示出乎意料的结果，且主语you与greet在逻辑上是被动关系。故选C项。7. Please note that a deposit of $ 4.80 per child is required when booking, balance   7 days before the party date.A. paying              B. to pay              C. paid              D. to be paid【答案解析】 D【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：请注意，预订时每个孩子需交4.8美元的订金，余款需在派对前7天支付。结合句意可知，“将于派对前7天支付”表示动作未发生，所以用不定式，句中名词balance与动词pay之间为被动关系，所以用不定式的被动形式。故选D。8. In many people’s opinion, that company, though ly small, is pleasant _______.A. to deal with              B. dealing withC. to be dealt with              D. dealt with【答案解析】 A【详解】考查非谓语动词及语态。句意：在许多人看来，那家公司，尽管相对小点，但与他们做生意很愉快。选项deal with意为“处理，对付，论及，提到”等。根据语法结构需要，空白处应用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。其句型结构为：主语+be+adj.+to do…。其中adj.常为easy，hard，difficult，pleasant，comfortable等，不定式与句子主语通常是逻辑上的动宾关系，用主动表示被动含义。故选A。9. It remains ________whether herd immunity that most of the Europeans countries have taken in response to the epidemic works.A. to see              B. to be seen              C. seeing              D. being seen【答案解析】 B【详解】考查非谓语动词的被动形式。句意：大多数欧洲国家对流行病已经采取的的群体免疫是否起作用尚待观察。分析句子，并结合句意可知，此处使用remain to do结构，表示有待做的事情，表动作尚未发生，且动词see和主语It之间是被动关系，所以使用动词不定式的被动形式，故选B项。10. And it made me think that maybe I need to set time aside _______ the people in my life how much I appreciate what they did.A. telling              B. to tell              C. told              D. being told【答案解析】 B【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：这让我想到，也许我需要抽出时间，告诉我生命中的人们，我是多么感激他们所做的一切。分析句子可知，本句为动词不定式做目的状语。故选B项。11. According to the Ministry of Education, college will strengthen measures     the quality of higher education.A. to control              B. controllingC. to be controlled              D. to have controlled【答案解析】 A【详解】考查不定式作目的状语。句意：根据教育部的安排，大学将采取更强有力的措施，来控制好高等教育的质量。分析句子结构，加强措施（strengthen measures）的目的是控制好教育质量，因此应使用不定式+动词原形的结构表达目的，控制（control）对于大学（college）来说是主动语态，同时可知这是将来的计划（will），目的尚未达到，故排除BCD三项，选择A。12. The local government doesn’t have to sacrifice environmental protection_________ economic growth.A. to be promoted              B. being promoted              C. promoting              D. to promote【答案解析】 D【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：地方政府不必牺牲环境保护来促进经济增长。此处指牺牲环境的目的是促进经济增长，表目的用不定式，故选D。13. Eager readers can check with libraries ______________ if they have people interested in book discussion.A. seeing              B. see              C. to see              D. to have seen【答案解析】 C【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：热心的读者可以向图书馆查询，看看是否有人对图书讨论感兴趣。根据语境可知，此处是目的状语，且表示将来的动作，应使用不定式的一般式。故选C。14. Excuse me, could you tell me how     to the bus station？A. get              B. getting              C. got              D. to get【答案解析】 D【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：打扰一下，你能告诉我去汽车站怎么走吗? 根据how可知，用 “特殊疑问词+动词不定式 ”结构作动词tell的宾语。故选D。15. I’ve made several travel plans for our vacation, but I’ll leave it to you ______ one.A. choosing              B. chosen              C. to choose              D. choose【答案解析】 C【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们的假期我已经制作了几个旅行计划，我留下给你，让你选择一个；根据句义可知把旅行计划留给你是为了让你选择一个。所以本句中的不定式在句中做目的状语。故C正确。16. . ---Why so serious, dear?---Nothing I am just thinking about the problem _______tomorrow.A. discussed              B. will be discussed              C. to be discussed              D. being discussed【答案解析】 C【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：---为什么这么严肃，亲爱的?---什么都没有。我正在考虑明天要讨论的问题。分析题意，简单句中的动词为am just thinking, 所以此处的备选动词需用非谓语动词。逻辑主语the problem 和discuss之间表被动，且发生于将来时间。综合分析应用to be done表示“将被...”。故选C项。17. The next year’s challenges include some financial issues _____.A. solved              B. being solved              C. to solve              D. to be solved【答案解析】 D【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：明年的挑战包括一些需要解决的财务问题。分析句子，该空作定语，修饰名词短语financial issues。根据时间状语The next year。可知表将来，故用不定式。“财务问题”和“解决”之间是被动关系，用不定式的被动形式，故选D项。18. In addition to political issues, President Xi’s visit will also witness concrete agreements ________.A. signed              B. having been signedC. to be signed              D. having signed【答案解析】 C【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：除了政治问题，习近平主席的访问还将见证将要签署的具体协议。分析句子可知，sign作定语修饰agreement，sign与agreement是被动关系；根据will also witness得知协议还未被签订，不定式作定语表示未发生动作，故排除A、B、D项，故选C。19. You don’t have to take a taxi. I’ll have my assistant ______ you to the museum.A. to drive              B. driven              C. driving              D. drive【答案解析】 D【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你不需要搭乘出租车，我会派我的助手来接你去博物馆的。have sb. do sth.派某人做某事，让某人做某事，强调一次性的动作。根据“You don’t have to take a taxi.”可知，会让我的助手接你去博物馆。故选D。20. _______the changes we desire, we must be willing to behave in ways that promote them.A. Create              B. Creating              C. Having created              D. To create【答案解析】 D【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：为了创造我们想要的改变，我们必须愿意以促进改变的方式行事。分析句意可知，此处指“为了创造我们想要的改变”，表目的，应用动词不定式（to do）形式。故选D项。【课堂练习】Translation.1. 我的母亲，我生命中最重要的人，一直坚信我终有一天会取得成功的。（同位语）My mother ,the most important person in my life, always believes that I will succeed one day.2. 只要你有耐心，你总能在夜市淘到一些便宜货。(pick up)As long as you have　patience, you can always pick up some bargains in the night market.3. 让他宽慰的是，在房价飙升之前，他在同事的建议下买了一套公寓。(advice)To his great relief, he bought a flat on his colleague’s advice before house prices rocketed.4. 这个品牌的手机各方面都比所有其他的手机好，只是价格实在太贵了。(superior)This brand of mobile phone is superior to all the others in every respect, except that its price is really too high. 5. 计算机被认为是一项最重要的发明。（regard）Computers are regarded as an important invention.6. 我们攀登那座山的尝试最终成功了。（attempt）Our attempt to climb that mountain succeed finally. 7. 在这部电影里担任主角让她喜极而泣。（role）That she acted as the main role in that movie made her cry with joy. 8. 在这个房间开讲座是没有用的，因为高架的噪音会淹没声音。（use）It is no use holding a speech in that house, because the noise from the highway may drown voice.9. 鉴于这个计划风险太大，虽然设计者的分析听上去很合理，政府最终没有采纳。(risky)Considering that the plan was too risky, the government eventually didn’t adopt it although the designer’s analysis sounded sensible.10. 为了抹去过往的痛苦回忆，她决定将所有他的信件付之一炬。(wipe)In order to wipe the painful memories, she decided to set all his letters on fire. 一般式to do /被动 to be done进行式to be doing完成式to have done /被动 to have been done完成进行式to have been doingafford担得起want想要aim目标是appear好像claim宣称decide决定desire渴求determine决心fail不能happen碰巧hesitate犹豫agree同意intend打算choose选择prefer 宁愿expect期待manage设法offer主动愿意pretend假装promise答应attempt尝试refuse拒绝seek寻求plan 计划