新上教版英语必修第三册 07 Unit 4 Life and Technology 单元测试

这是一份新上教版英语必修第三册 07 Unit 4 Life and Technology 单元测试，共24页。

单元测试一、用单词的适当形式完成短文Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A SPECTRE is haunting workers—the rise of artificial intelligence (AI)The fear is that smart computer programs will eliminate millions of jobs, condemning a generation to minimum-wage drudgery or ___1___ (enforce) idleness. Never mind the robots, fear the software. There is no need to be so gloomy, say Ken Goldberg of the University of California, Berkeley, and Vinod Kumar, the chief executive of Tata Communications, a unit of India’s biggest business house (which stands ___2___ (profit) from the spread of AI). They have produced a report that is much more optimistic about the outlook for ordinary employees. In many cases, it says, job satisfaction will be enhanced by the elimination of mundane tasks, giving people time to be ___3___ (creative). Their views are backed up by a survey of 120 senior executives, conducted for the report, which found that more of them (77%) thought that AI would create new roles than believed ___4___ would replace existing positions (57%; respondents could choose both options). Extra skills ___5___ be needed to cope with the new technology and more than half of the bosses are already taking steps to train their workforces. No previous technology shifts ___6___ (have) as negative effects on employment as was first feared. The authors note some well-known examples. Bar-code scanners did not eliminate the role of cashiers in America; jobs in the retail industry grew at an annual rate of more than 2% between 1980 and 2013. The arrival of automated teller machines (ATMS) spared bank employees the job of delivering cash and freed them to offer financial advice ___7___ customers. Some jobs could be made a lot easier by AI. One example is lorry-driving. Such is the fear ___8___truck drivers will be replaced by autonomous vehicles. But maneuvering a lorry around busy streets is far harder than driving down the motorway. So the driver could switch into automatic mode (and get some rest) when outside the big cities, and take over the wheel once again when ___9___ (near) the destination. The obvious analogy (类比) is with jetliners, ____10____ the pilots handle take-off and landing but turn on the computer to cruise at 35,000 feet. Using AI may prevent tired drivers from causing accidents.二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文Direction: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. The house of the future? A sun-filled, shape-shifting, shed-share paradiseWhat will homes be like 10 years from now? Judging by the winners of the Home of 2030 competition, sharing will be key. Shared home-working spaces, communal garden sheds and houses built using apps—these are just some of the ideas in the winning proposals for the government’s Home of 2030 competition to develop prototype “homes fit for the future”,____11____the “best of British design”. The aim was to imagine what the best age-adaptable, energy-efficient, healthy homes might look like in 10 years’ time; but, according to the winning architects, most of the best ideas have been around for generations. “You can’t get much more ____12____and adaptable than the Georgian townhouse,” says Jennifer Beningfield of Openstudio, leader of one of the two winning teams announced today. “We’ve taken this very simple model and ____13____it for the 21st century. Our idea was to create infinite choice and variation from something very simple.” Her team’s scheme imagines a terraced (排房的) housing type made from two standard components, a base unit and a loft, joined with “connector” pieces, taking into account multiple configurations (布局) over time as family ____14____change. Standing between the homes, the connectors would ____15____stairs and a lift, as well as storage and shared workspace. One of the most important aspects since the pandemic, says Beningfield, is providing “space to work from home, without having your laptop on the kitchen table”. Each home would have its own private outdoor space, while they would all back on to large communal gardens, arranged in the ____16____of a traditional London square. Built off-site to demanding Passivhaus standards, with a twin wall timber frame, the homes would be ____17____by generous 2.7m high ceilings and tall 2.5m windows and doors, massively increasing the amount of daylight brought into the rooms, compared with most new-build spec housing. Beningfield, who studied and worked in South Africa and the US, says that off-site construction is crucial, given the shocking build quality of so many new homes in the UK – which she fears will only get worse after Brexit, if much of the skilled ____18____is forced to leave. As is so often the case with blue-sky (纯理论的) ideas competitions, the ambitions of the Home of 2030 winning teams are ____19____– and, in this case, completely buildable – but there is little evidence to suggest that either the government or the volume housebuilding sector has any intention of putting them into practice. For that, we must look to Sunderland in 2023, and hope that a(n)____20____union of other councils, communities and smaller-scale builders have the imagination to follow their lead.三、阅读理解ADerek and Shirley walked out of the airport building and into the bright sunshine. Looking up at the brilliant blue sky and then at the faraway mountains rising above the swaying palm trees, they couldn’t wait to start their holiday.A taxi pulled up swiftly and silently. Derek dropped their suitcases into the boot and joined Shirley in the back seat. “Palm Trees Hotel, please,” Derek said excitedly. “Certainly, sir,” replied the driver, as he turned around with a flashing white smile. Derek and Shirley gave each other a puzzled look as the taxi eased smoothly into the traffic. “Excuse me, er, your face seems very familiar-in fact, you remind us of that famous film star, Rocky Overton... but of course, you can’t be.”Derek and Shirley sat in silent disbelief as the driver explained that he was not a real person, but a robot made to look like a famous actor. "Rocky” explained that the taxi company had purchased the latest model of robot drivers since they were programmed to be safer and more reliable than human drivers. “So, here I am,” “Rocky” continued, “your first robot taxi driver!”Derek and Shirley held each other’s hands more tightly. “Relax,” “Rocky” reassured them, “there is nothing for you to worry about. I can assure you that my driving skills are excellent. I’m equipped with perfect vision and superior reactions, and I know every street in the city. I am instantly updated with the latest traffic information so that I can avoid traffic jams and get you to your destination in the quickest and least stressful manner. Please sit back, relax and enjoy the journey.”Derek and Shirley, feeling a little better, leaned back in their seats and closed their eyes. “And another thing,” “Rocky” added, “my line of robots represents the ultimate in computer technology. I am beautifully designed, made from only the best materials and subject to the strictest quality checks. Therefore, you are entirely safe with me. Nothing could possibly go wrong… could possibly go wrong… go wrong… go wrong…”21．Why did Derek and Shirley feel puzzled when they got into the taxi?A．Because the driver gave them a big smile.B．Because the driver was Rocky Overton.C．Because the driver looked like a famous actor.D．Because the driver was a robot.22．What do we know about the taxi driver “Rocky”?A．It is the first robot taxi driver in the world.B．It has the perfect vision and superior reactions.C．It has never get stuck in traffic jams.D．It is instantly updated with the latest news.23．What does the underlined word “reassured” in paragraph 4 probably mean?A．Comforted. B．Threatened. C．Surprised. D．Persuaded.24．What can we infer from the last paragraph?A．Robot drivers are perfectly designed.B．Robot drivers can not repeat the words.C．Robot drivers are not so reliable as expected.D．Robot drivers are much safer than human drivers.B“WHAT CAN I HELP YOU WITH?” says a voice from an iPhone. It’s Siri, and she’s ready to follow your voice commands to search the Internet, text someone, or play a song. Siri is an example of artificial intelligence(AI), or a computer program that can think. The way Siri thinks is very different from how a person thinks. She doesn’t have a brain. Instead, she relies on code in a computer program to understand speech and answer questions. And some questions are still too difficult for her to answer.However, AI programs like Siri are getting smarter and smarter every year. In 2011, an AI named Watson defeated two human champions on the quiz show Jeopardy! Computer programs can also drive cars, perform science experiments, and produce their own artwork.Someday, artificial intelligence will most likely surpass human intelligence. Once this happens, computers will think, plan, and act at a level that human beings can’t understand. In his book Superintelligence, Nick Bostrom writes, “As the fate of the gorillas now depends more on us humans than on the gorillas themselves, so the fate of our species would depend on the actions of the machine superintelligence.”If a superintelligence wanted to rule the world, Bostrom argues, it would easily do so. It could also wipe out all humans. Or just ignore us. Whatever it did, we likely wouldn’t have much control. He’s not the only one worrying. In 2015, a group of great scientists, including Stephen Hawking, wrote an open letter that asks anyone researching AI to proceed carefully. AI has the potential to benefit society greatly, but “our AI systems must do what we want them to do.” they write. What do you think? If people create a super intelligent AI, will we be able to control it?What will happen to us if a super intelligent AI starts making decisions on its own?25．What can Siri do now according to the passage?A．She can think like a human. B．She can answer all kinds of questions.C．She can follow your voice commands. D．She can make decisions on her own.26．What does the writer want to show by mentioning AI Watson?A．AI is getting increasingly smart. B．Computer science is developing fast.C．AI performs best in the quiz show Jeopardy. D．Computer programs can do a variety of jobs.27．What does the underlined word “surpass” mean in paragraph 3?A．Be similar to. B．Do better than. C．Compete against. D．Be junior to.28．What is Nick Bostrom’s attitude towards superintelligence?A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Cautious. D．Objective.CAre you interested in robot-science? What do you think robots are capable of? Let’s have a review of world-leading technology gathered at the World Robot Conference (WRC) 2022.Technology in agricultureA fruit-picking robot attracted visitors’ attention. With the help of various sensors and an AI system, the robot can collect fruit according to its ripeness, quality and size. The robot first locates the fruit and then uses sensors to decide whether it is ripe, with a robotic arm picking the fruit gently. The fruit is then categorized, ending up in a basket according to its size. It is said that more robotic technology will be used in agriculture in the future, including robots for daily inspection and weeding.Robots fighting Covid-19Medical staff conducting nucleic acid tests often find their work toilsome, especially under the summer heat. A nucleic acid test robot developed by Tsinghua University and a Chinese biotech company was presented at the WRC．It looks like a vending machine, but the robot can collect throat swabs (拭子), process samples, as well as produce and upload the results within 45 minutes. The whole process will not require the involvement of humans or laboratories.Inventions of the youthThose visiting the exhibit also witnessed the intelligence of a new generation. Wang Zirun, a junior student at the school, designed a three-dimensional parking facility model. Since there are usually too few parking spaces in older residential areas, Wang’s work aims to fit more cars into current parking spots. The facility works like a sky wheel with six parking spots. When cars need to be picked up, the facility rotates steadily, placing the car on the ground.29．Where is the text probably taken from?A．A travel brochure.B．A technology textbook.C．A science magazine.D．A product advertisement.30．Why is the parking facility designed like a sky wheel?A．To save building materials.B．To prevent cars from being stolen.C．To increase ground parking spaces.D．To make the most of limited space.31．What can we infer from the text?A．Both the fruit-picking robot and the nucleic acid test robot can save manpower.B．The WRC is intended to inspire the intelligence of a young generation.C．All the inventions mentioned have been put into practical use.D．Human can be replaced by the robot in the future.四、完形填空Artificial intelligence (AI) has amazing potential to change the world, and we’ve only just begun to scratch the surface. As AI matures and people move further away from distinct programming and monitoring of systems, unidentified bias (偏见) might make decisions continue for a long time that cause ___32___ harm for individuals and society. This bias might ___33___ input data or even the algorithms (算法) themselves.All too often, data sets are incomplete and the sample represented in the data set does not ___34___ the population that the AI model is making predictions about — this is known as coverage bias. Some other types of bias related to input data include sampling bias, where data is not collected randomly from the target group, and participation bias, where users from certain groups ___35___ surveys at different rates than users from other groups. Still, another more challenging bias to identify is confirmation bias that occurs when a decision maker or analyst has a strong ___36___ belief or experience that affects their ability to consider alternatives. This could lead one to more strongly ___37___ data that confirms a preexisting belief.Bias resulting from AI algorithms themselves, or algorithmic bias, is equally ___38___. One example of algorithmic bias is implicit bias or unconscious bias, where data scientists ___39___ make associations or assumptions based on their mental models and memories that affect data modeling decisions. Implicit bias can ___40___ how data is collected and classified, or how systems are designed and developed. As machines learn, their conclusions and decisions affect people. Ethical (道德的) AI must understand these impacts and create governance and testing methods to ____41____ mistakes and inaccuracies.To create ethical AI, companies need to put the ____42____ of the individual at the center of data innovation. This means thinking about ____43____ rights as human rights and developing a comprehensive approach to data, including how we use AI.Having ____44____ data practices for AI means having good AI governance. This governance not only focuses on data and analytics but also understands the impacts of any given analysis and makes sure it’s ____45____ and accurate. Good AI governance includes data responsibility as well as a commitment to transparency (透明性).None of this will be easy, but true innovation never is. By coming together and working on the problem of bias now, before it becomes a(n) ____46____ force, businesses can help bring out the best AI has to offer the world.32．A．theoretical B．psychological C．disproportionate D．unintended33．A．arise from B．contribute to C．take over D．make up34．A．inspire B．match C．protect D．restrict35．A．quit B．administer C．compare D．analyze36．A．distinct B．predictable C．original D．widespread37．A．restore B．imply C．miss D．favor38．A．embarrassing B．dangerous C．relevant D．ridiculous39．A．intentionally B．temporarily C．automatically D．appropriately40．A．influence B．help C．attract D．predict41．A．admit B．define C．address D．publicize42．A．belongings B．expressions C．characteristics D．needs43．A．civil B．digital C．legal D．natural44．A．frequent B．responsible C．peculiar D．graceful45．A．fair B．quick C．appealing D．adequate46．A．leading B．innovative C．cultural D．destructive五、六选四How Will Machines and AI Change the Future of Work?Several recent studies have examined how machine automation and artificial intelligence (AI) will change the future of work.The Rand Corporation recently issued its own report on the future effects of automation and AI on jobs and the workplace. Osonde Osoba was a co-author of the report. ____47____In 16th century England, Queen Elizabeth famously refused an inventor’s request for a patent for a device to make material for clothing. The Queen explained that the device would lead to major job losses, forcing affected workers to become “beggars”.____48____ But he believes the future problems have been overestimated without historical evidence to back up the predictions.The McKinsey Global Institute has also studied the issue. Its research suggests that up to one-third of work activities across 46 nations could be displaced by 2030. ____49____ It says this growth, along with other economic influences, could help offset (弥补) the displacement of millions of workers. “All workers will need to adapt, as their occupations evolve alongside increasingly capable machines,” the report said. This will require ongoing retraining of workers. In addition, employees will be spending more time on activities difficult to automate.____50____ These include jobs depending on human motor skills, positions requiring creative thinking and actions, and jobs dealing with intense social interaction.Rand Corporation’s Osonde Osoba agrees with McKinsey. He also thinks that it will be very difficult for companies to completely automate most jobs, because they require a worker to perform many different duties and to react to unexpected situations.A．Osoba says this can be problematic for machines, which do not understand cultural norms in the population.B．McKinsey identifies three job types that will be very difficult to replace with a machine.C．He noted that fears over machines taking jobs from humans goes back centuries.D．The study also predicts rising demand for educators, and “creatives”, a group of workers including artists, performers and entertainers.E．The study says automation will also raise productivity and economic growth.F．Osoba agrees there will be major job destruction due to AI and automation, especially for lower skilled workers.六、概要写作51．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. AI is making applying for Jobs even more miserableJob interviews are rarely fun, especially when you young. I will never forget the opening question in my first interview for the Financial Times graduate trainee scheme: “So, apart from the week before your interview, do you ever actually read the FT?”Young people today face a different but no less intimidating challenge. They find themselves smiling anxiously into their laptop webcams(摄像头), answering question as a time ticks down with no human to interact with at allLarge employers are using these “asynchronous(非共时的)video interviews”(AVIs)to cut down job applicants to a smaller number they can meet in person. Platforms such as Hire Vue and Modern Hire record applicants answering pre-determined questions, usually with a time limit for each answer. In some cases, the recordings will be watched by the employer's hiring managers. In others, the platform's algorithms(算法)will assess the candidate based on what they said or even their facial expressions. AVIs are increasingly common. These interviews can be done cheaply and at scale: one grocery chain in the US was gathering as many as 15,000 per day during the pandemic, according to Hire Vue. The platforms say the process is fairer and less biased than human recruiters, leading to better and more diverse candidates making the cut. But employers need to pay more attention to how the process affects prospective employees. Researchers at the University of Sussex Business School, in association with the Institute for Employment Studies, have warned that young job-seekers feel confused, de-humanised and exhausted by automated recruitment systems. Jimeet Romen Shah, who is in his final year at the University of Sussex, has done seven or so AVIs in the past two years. He tries to “make eye contact” with the camera but finds it hard not to watch his own face on the screen. He worries that if he glances down or up it will look like he is reading notes. “It does feel robotic,” he says. In most cases, he wasn't able to review the videos and wasn't told if a human or a machine would judge him. He has never received detailed feedback after a rejection. After all, an interview is a company's first real interaction with prospective employees, some of whom it will want to hire. It should be a chance for both sides to learn about each other. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________七、汉译英（整句）52．窃贼一定是深夜时从窗户逃出去的。(must)___________________________________________________________________________53．这小孩太调皮，使得他那忙于工作的父母常常心烦意乱。(So …) ___________________________________________________________________________54．应该鼓励学生将课堂上所学的知识用于实践中去。___________________________________________________________________________55．看到这可怕的景象，我感觉我的血液都凝固起来。___________________________________________________________________________八、写作56．自新冠疫情(COVID-19)暴发以来，很多学校都采取了线上教学方式。假定你校英语报正在征集关于在线教育的稿件，请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：1.在线教育的利与弊；2.你的看法。注意：1.词数100左右；2.题目已为你写好_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________A．labour     B．manner      C．highlighting     D．circumstances       E. updatedF. characterised   G. integrated      H. admirable    I. accommodate      J. overseeing    K. flexible参考答案1．enforced    2．to profit    3．more creative    4．it    5．may    6．have had    7．to    8．that    9．nearing    10．where【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了让工人们担忧、可能会应用到各行各业让他们失业的人工智能。1．考查过去分词。句意：人们担心，智能计算机程序将消除数百万个工作岗位，使一代人陷入最低工资的苦工或被迫无所事事的状态。分析句子可知，enforce“强迫”在此处使用过去分词，表示其与后面的名词idleness构成被动关系。故填enforced。2．考查不定式。句意：加州大学伯克利分校的肯·戈德伯格和印度最大的商业公司塔塔通信（它将从人工智能的传播中获利）的首席执行官维诺德·库马尔表示，没必要如此悲观。stand to do将会做、可能做。故填to profit。3．考查形容词比较级。句意：报告说，在许多情况下，消除平凡的工作会提高工作满意度，让人们有时间更具创造力。分析句子可知，空格处表示人们创造力能够被提高，即更具创造力。故填more creative。4．考查代词。句意：他们的观点得到了为该报告进行的一项针对120名高管的调查的支持，该调查发现，他们中认为人工智能将创造新角色的人（77%）多于认为人工智能会取代现有职位的人（57%；受访者可以选择这两种选择）。分析句子可知，空格处应该填写代词it，指代前文提到的AI。故填it。5．考查情态动词。句意：应对新技术可能需要额外的技能，超过一半的老板已经在采取措施培训员工。分析句子可知，，此处老板之所以采取措施培训员工，是因为他们推测新技术可能需要额外的技能，故使用情态动词may表示推测。故填may。6．考查时态。句意：以前的技术变革没有像人们最初担心的那样对就业产生负面影响。分析句子可知，No previous technology shifts “以前的技术变革”指的是从过去到现在的变革对现在的影响，即使用现在完成时。故填have had。7．考查介词。句意：自动柜员机的出现使银行员工不再需要交付现金，也让他们能够为客户提供财务建议。分析句子可知，此处需要填写介词to构成offer sth to sb “给某人提供某物”。故填to。8．考查同位语从句。句意：人们担心卡车司机会被自动驾驶汽车取代。分析句子可知，fear“担心”后为解释说明担心实际内容的同位语从句，从句成分完整，故使用连词that引导。故填that。9．考查现在分词。句意：因此，司机可以在大城市外切换到自动模式（并得到一些休息），并在接近目的地时再次控制方向盘。分析句子可知，空格处动词near“靠近”填写nearin现在分词形式，因为when引导的从句中其逻辑主语the driver“司机”被省略，且与主语构成主动关系。故填nearing。10．考查连词。句意：很明显的类比是喷气式飞机，飞行员处理起飞和降落，但却打开电脑在35000英尺的高度巡航。分析句子可知，空格处需要填写连接副词where引导非限定性定语从句，关系词指代先行词jetliners“喷气式飞机”并在从句中作地点状语，即在喷气式飞机上飞行员做这些事情。故填where。11．C 12．K    13．E    14．D    15．I    16．B    17．G    18．A    19．H    20．J【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了未来的房子的模型，它可以是一个充满阳光、形状多变、共享棚屋的天堂。11．考查非谓语动词。句意：共享的家庭工作空间、公共花园棚屋和使用应用程序建造的房屋——这些只是政府的2030年家园竞赛的获胜提案中的一些想法，该竞赛旨在开发“适合未来的家园”原型，突出了“英国最好的设计”。分析句子，设空处应该使用现在分词作伴随状语，表示“突显，显示”用highlight。故选C。12．考查形容词。句意：“没有比格鲁吉亚风格的联排别墅更灵活、适应性更强的了。”分析句子，设空处应该使用形容词与后文的adaptable构成并列结构，此处表示“灵活的”用flexible。故选K13．考查动词。句意：我们采用了这个非常简单的模型，并针对21世纪进行了更新。我们的想法是从非常简单的东西中创造出无限的选择和变化。分析句子，设空处应该使用过去分词，与空前的have构成现在完成时。表示“更新”用update。故选E。14．考查名词。句意：她的团队的方案设想了一种由两个标准组件组成的排屋类型，一个基础单元和一个阁楼，用“连接器”部件连接起来，考虑到随着时间的推移，随着家庭环境的变化，多种配置。分析句子，设空处使用名词作主语。此处表示“家庭环境”用family circumstance。故选D。15．考查动词。句意：位于住宅之间的连接器将容纳楼梯和电梯，以及存储和共享工作空间。分析句子，设空处使用动词与空前的would构成谓语成分。表示“容纳”用accommodate。故选I。16．考查名词。句意：每个家庭都有自己的私人户外空间，而他们都将回到以传统的伦敦广场的方式布置的大花园。分析句子，设空处使用名词作宾语，in the manner表示“以……的方式”。故选B。17．考查非谓语动词。句意：根据被动式住宅的标准建造，采用双墙木结构，住宅将通过2.7米高的天花板和2.5米高的门窗整合在一起，与大多数新建规范住宅相比，极大地增加了带入房间的日光量。分析句子，设空处应该使用过去分词与空前的will be构成将来时的被动语态。表示“整合”用integrate。故选G。18．考查名词。句意：贝宁菲尔德曾在南非和美国学习和工作，她说，鉴于英国许多新房子的建筑质量令人震惊，现场施工至关重要。她担心，如果英国脱欧后，许多熟练劳动力被迫离开，这种情况只会变得更糟。分析句子，设空处应该使用名词作主语，表示“劳动力”用labor。故选A。19．考查形容词。句意：“2030之家”获奖队伍的雄心令人钦佩，这在“蓝天创意大赛”中屡见不变。分析句子，设空处应该使用形容词作表语。表示“令人钦佩的”用admirable。故选H。20．考查形容词。句意：为此，我们必须在2023年关注桑德兰，并希望其他理事会、社区和小规模建筑商的监督联盟有想象力跟随他们的脚步。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语，表示“监督的”用overseeing。故选J。21．C    22．B    23．A    24．C【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是Derek和Shirley到达旅游目的地，从机场大楼出来后乘坐的出租车是机器人司机，通过描述他们之间的对话，文章介绍了机器人司机的一些优点。21．推理判断题。根据第二段的“Excuse me, er, your face seems very familiar-in fact, you remind us of that famous film star, Rocky Overton... but of course, you can’t be.(对不起，呃，你的脸看起来很面熟——事实上，你让我们想起了那个著名的电影明星Rocky Overton……当然，你不可能是。)”可知，Derek和Shirley钻进出租车时感到困惑是因为司机看起来像一个著名的演员。故选C。22．细节理解题。根据第四段的“I’m equipped with perfect vision and superior reactions(我拥有完美的视力和超强的反应能力)”可知，出租车司机“Rocky”有完美的视力和卓越的反应。故选B。23．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段的“Derek and Shirley held each other’s hands more tightly.(Derek和Shirley更紧紧地握着对方的手。)”和“there is nothing for you to worry about(没有什么值得你们担心的)”可知，机器人司机在安慰他们，reassure的意思是“安慰”，和comfort意思相近，故选A。24．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Nothing could possibly go wrong… could possibly go wrong… go wrong… go wrong…(不可能出错……不可能出错……不可能出错……不可能出错……)”可知，机器人司机程序出错了，因此我们可以推断出机器人司机并没有想象中那么可靠。故选C。25．C    26．A    27．B    28．C【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述人工智能越来越聪明，人们担心它会超越人类。25．细节理解题。根据第一段“It’s Siri, and she’s ready to follow your voice commands to search the Internet, text someone, or play a song.(这就是Siri，她可以按照你的语音指令搜索互联网，给某人发短信，或者播放一首歌)”可知，Siri可以听从声音指令。故选C。26．推理判断题。第二段中“However, AI programs like Siri are getting smarter and smarter every year.(然而，像Siri这样的人工智能程序每年都变得越来越聪明)”是主题句，提到人工智能越来越聪明，下文“In 2011, an AI named Watson defeated two human champions on the quiz show Jeopardy!(2011年，一个名叫Watson的人工智能在智力竞赛节目《危险边缘》中击败了两位人类冠军)”提及Watson的例子是为了论证上述观点。故选A。27．词义猜测题。根据第三段划线词下文“Once this happens, computers will think, plan, and act at a level that human beings can’t understand.(一旦发生这种情况，计算机将以人类无法理解的水平思考、计划和行动)”可知，划线词所在句意为“总有一天，人工智能很可能会超越人类智能”，surpass意为“超越”。故选B。28．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“He’s not the only one worrying.(他不是唯一一个担心的人)”可知，Nick Bostrom对超级人工智能持谨慎态度。故选C。29．C    30．D    31．A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要回顾了2022年世界机器人大会的有代表性的机器人展品：采摘机器人，核算机器人和摩天轮停车位。29．推理判断题。根据文章首段内容“Are you interested in robot-science? What do you think robots are capable of? Let’s have a review of world-leading technology gathered at the World Robot Conference (WRC) 2022.(你对机器人科学感兴趣吗?你认为机器人能做什么?让我们来回顾一下在2022年世界机器人大会上聚集的世界领先技术。)”可知，文章主要回顾了2022年世界机器人大会的有代表性的机器人展品，属于科技范畴。由此可推知，文章来自科学杂志。故选C项。30．推理判断题。根据文章“Inventions of the youth”部分内容“Since there are usually too few parking spaces in older residential areas, Wang’s work aims to fit more cars into current parking spots. The facility works like a sky wheel with six parking spots. When cars need to be picked up, the facility rotates steadily, placing the car on the ground.(由于老旧住宅区的停车位通常太少，王的工作旨在将更多的汽车安置在现有的停车位上。该设施就像一个空中摩天轮，有六个停车位。当需要取车时，该设备会稳定旋转，将汽车放置在地面上。)”可知，老旧城区的停车位太少，而这个像摩天轮一样的停车设施有六个停车位，可以要将六辆车安置在一个“停车位”上，以最大利用有限的空间。故选D项。31．推理判断题。根据文章“Technology in agriculture”部分内容“With the help of various sensors and an AI system, the robot can collect fruit according to its ripeness, quality and size.(在各种传感器和人工智能系统的帮助下，机器人可以根据水果的成熟度、质量和大小来收集水果)”可知，采摘机器人可以在传感器和人工智能的帮助下独立采摘水果，不需要人力采摘。文章“Robots fighting Covid-19”部分内容“The whole process will not require the involvement of humans or laboratories.(整个过程不需要人类或实验室的参与)”可知，核酸机器人的使用过程中不需要人类或实验室的参与。因此可推知，这两种机器人的使用都可以节省人力。故选A项。32．D    33．A    34．B    35．A    36．C    37．D    38．B    39．C    40．A    41．C    42．D    43．B    44．B    45．A    46．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在发展人工智能中可能会出现的各种偏见。32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着人工智能的成熟，人们越来越远离对系统的独特编程和监控，未知的偏见可能会让决策持续很长时间，对个人和社会造成意想不到的伤害。A. theoretical理论上的；B. psychological心理的；C. disproportionate不成比例的；D. unintended非计划的。根据前文“ unidentified bias might make decisions continue for a long time”可推断未知的偏见可能引起意想不到的伤害。故选D项。33．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这种偏见可能来自输入数据，甚至是算法本身。A. arise from产生于；B. contribute to贡献；C. take over接管；D. make up和解。根据前文“ unidentified bias might make decisions continue for a long time”以及后文“input data or even the algorithms (算法) themselves.”可知，上文提到未知的偏见，本句应该是讨论偏见可能产生的原因。故选A项。34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通常情况下，数据集是不完整的，数据集中所代表的样本与人工智能模型所预测的人群不匹配——这被称为覆盖偏见。A. inspire激励；B. match相配；C. protect保护；D. restrict妨碍。根据后文“this is known as coverage bias”可知是有偏差的，可推断数据是不匹配的才产生偏差。故选B项。35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：与输入数据相关的其他一些类型的偏见包括抽样偏见，其中数据不是随机从目标群体收集的，以及参与偏见，其中某些群体的用户退出调查的比例不同于其他群体的用户。A. quit退出；B. administer管理；C. compare比较；D. analyze分析。根据后文“at different rates than users from other groups”可知和其他组的比率不同，可推知有人退出了调查，导致比率不同。故选A项。36．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，另一个更具挑战性的偏见是确认偏见，它发生在决策者或分析师有一个强大的原始信念或经验，影响他们考虑替代方案的能力。A. distinct不同的；B. predictable可预测的；C. original原来的；D. widespread普遍的。根据后文“This could lead one to more strongly 　 6　　data that confirms a preexisting belief.”可知这可能会导致一个已经存在的信念，可推知本句应该是有强大的原始信念。故选C项。37．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这可能会导致一个人更倾向于确认一个已经存在的信念的数据。A. restore修复；B. imply意味着；C. miss错过；D. favor喜爱。根据前文“Still, another more challenging bias to identify is confirmation bias that occurs when a decision maker or analyst has a strong 　　5　　belief or experience that affects their ability to consider alternatives.” 可知决策者或分析师一个强大的原始信念，会使他们倾向于最喜爱的数据。故选D项。38．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人工智能算法本身产生的偏见，或算法偏见，同样危险。A. embarrassing令人尴尬的；B. dangerous危险的；C. relevant相关的；D. ridiculous荒唐的。根据前文“unidentified bias (偏见) might make decisions continue for a long time that cause 　　　1　　　 harm for individuals and society”可知，偏见会引起伤害，这是危险的。故选B项。39．考查副词词义辨析。句意：算法偏见的一个例子是内隐偏见或无意识偏见，数据科学家根据影响数据建模决策的心理模型和记忆无意识地做出关联或假设。A. intentionally有意地；B. temporarily暂时；C. automatically无意识地；D. appropriately适当地。根据前文“One example of algorithmic bias is implicit bias or unconscious bias”可知后文是在解释unconscious bias，所以应该是科学家无意识地关联和假设。故选C项。40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：内隐偏见会影响数据收集和分类的方式，也会影响系统的设计和开发。A. influence影响；B. help帮助；C. attract吸引；D. predict预测。根据后文“As machines learn, their conclusions and decisions affect people.”可知算法本身的偏见是会产生影响的。故选A项。41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有道德的人工智能必须了解这些影响，并创建治理和测试方法，以解决错误和不准确性。A. admit承认；B. define定义；C. address设法解决；D. publicize宣传。根据前文“Ethical AI must understand these impacts and create governance and testing methods”可根据句意推知，应是找到方法解决错误。故选C项。42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了创造合乎道德的人工智能，公司需要把个人的需求放在数据创新的中心。A. belongings财物；B. expressions表情；C. characteristics特征；D. needs需要。根据后文“This means thinking about 　　12　　rights as human rights and developing a comprehensive approach to data, including how we use AI.”可知需要考虑到我们怎么使用AI，所以应该把个人需要放在数据创新的中心。故选D项。43．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这意味着要将数字权利视为人权，并开发一种全面的数据方法，包括我们如何使用人工智能。A. civil公民的；B. digital数字的；C. legal合法的；D. natural自然的。根据前文“To create ethical AI”可知，此处讲的是AI，所以应该是将数字权利视为人权。故选B项。44．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为AI提供负责任的数据实践意味着拥有良好的AI治理。A. frequent频繁的；B. responsible负责的；C. peculiar特有的；D. graceful优雅的。根据后文“Good AI governance includes data responsibility as well as a commitment to transparency”可知良好的人工智能治理包括数据责任，所以应该是负责任的数据。故选B项。45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种治理不仅关注数据和分析，还了解任何给定分析的影响，并确保其公平和准确。A. fair公平的；B. quick快的；C. appealing吸引人的；D. adequate充足的。根据后文“Good AI governance includes data responsibility as well as a commitment to transparency”可知良好的人工智能治理包括对透明度的承诺，所以应该是公平的。故选A项。46．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在偏见成为破坏性力量之前，通过团结起来，现在就着手解决这个问题，企业可以帮助发掘出人工智能为世界提供的最好的东西。A. leading主要的；B. innovative革新的；C. cultural文化的；D. destructive破坏(或毁灭)性的。根据前文“unidentified bias (偏见) might make decisions continue for a long time that cause 　　　1　　　 harm for individuals and society”可知偏见对人和社会都有害，所以是成为破坏性的力量。故选D项。47．C    48．F    49．E    50．B【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章探讨了机器和人工智能将如何影响未来的工作。47．上文“The Rand Corporation recently issued its own report on the future effects of automation and AI on jobs and the workplace. Osonde Osoba was a co-author of the report.(Rand公司最近就自动化和人工智能对就业和工作场所的未来影响发布了自己的报告。Osonde Osoba是该报告的合著者之一)”提到关于自动化和人工智能对就业和工作场所的未来影响的报告，以及该报告的作者之一Osonde Osoba，分析选项，C项“他指出，对机器夺走人类工作的担忧可以追溯到几个世纪以前”简单介绍了该作者在报告中的观点，C项中He指代上文的Osonde Osoba。故选C项。48．上文“The Queen explained that the device would lead to major job losses, forcing affected workers to become ‘beggars.’(女王解释说，这种设备会导致大量失业，迫使受影响的工人成为‘乞丐’)”以英国女王的事例说明自动化会造成一些人失业，F项“Osoba也认为人工智能和自动化将会对工作岗位造成重大破坏，尤其是对低技能工人”符合语境，故选F项。49．根据下文“It says this growth, along with other economic influences, could help offset(弥补) the displacement of millions of workers.(报告说，这种增长以及其他经济影响可以帮助抵消数百万工人失业的影响)”可知，空处应是提及关于“this growth”的具体内容，E项“该研究称，自动化还将提高生产率和经济增长”符合语境，下文“this growth”指代E项中的“productivity and economic growth”。故选E项。50．下文“These include jobs depending on human motor skills, positions requiring creative thinking and actions, and jobs dealing with intense social interaction.(这些工作包括依赖人类运动技能的工作，需要创造性思维和行动的工作，以及需要激烈社会互动的工作)”介绍了难以被机器取代的工作类型，B 项“McKinsey确定了三种工作类型，它们将很难被机器取代”符合语境。故选B项。51．Job interviews are rarely fun, especially for young people, who face an intimidating challenge today. AVIs are commonly used by large employers. But the employees don't feel comfortable and have never received detailed feedback after rejections. Employers should pay more attention to employees’ feeling, because an interview is a chance for both sides to learn about each other.【导语】这是一篇说明文。人工智能使得面试过程变得更糟心，求职者面对镜头时会表现得不自然，而且得不到有效反馈，雇主应该更多的考虑求职者的感受，毕竟面试是双方互相了解的过程。【详解】1 要点摘录①Job interviews are rarely fun, especially when you young.②Young people today face a different but no less intimidating challenge. ③Large employers are using these "asynchronous(非共时的)video interviews(AVIs)to cut down job applicants to a smaller number they can meet in person.④AVIs are increasingly common.⑤But employers need to pay more attention to how the process affects prospective employees.⑥“It does feel robotic,” he says. In most cases, he wasn't able to review the videos and wasn't told if a human or a machine would judge him. He has never received detailed feedback after a rejection.⑦After all, an interview is a company's first real interaction with prospective employees, some of whom it will want to hire. It should be a chance for both sides to learn about each other.2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行整合，将第3、4两个要点进行整合，将第6要点内容转化后再与第5、7两个要点重组。3.遣词造句Job interviews are rarely fun, especially for young people, who face an intimidating challenge today.AVIs are commonly used by large employers.The employees don't feel comfortable and have never received detailed feedback after rejections.Employers should pay more attention to employees’ feeling, because an interview is a chance for both sides to learn about each other.【点睛】[高分句型1]Job interviews are rarely fun, especially for young people, who face an intimidating challenge today.（运用了who引导的非限制性定语从句，对原文第一二自然段进行了概括）[高分句型2]Employers should pay more attention to employees’ feeling, because an interview is a chance for both sides to learn about each other.（运用了because引导的原因状语从句，对原文第五六七自然段进行了概括总结）52．The thief must have got out through the window late at night.【详解】考查情态动词以及固定短语。此处主语为the thief；表示“一定做某事”应用must have done；表述对过去事实肯定的推测。表示“从窗户逃出去”翻译为get out through the window；表示“深夜时”短语为late at night。故翻译为The thief must have got out through the window late at night.53．So naughty is the child that he often upsets his parents who are busy with their work.【详解】考查状语从句和倒装句。根据句意可知，整句应该使用一般现在时态，表示“这个小孩太调皮”应译为the child is so naughty；“使得心烦意乱”的表达为upset，所以“使得他父母心烦意乱”应译为upset his parents；句中的“忙于”可翻译为be busy with sth.或be busy doing的短语，分析句子结构可知，“忙于工作的”为定语从句修饰his parents，关系代词在句子中作主语，所以翻译为who are busy with their work.；由于So大写，一定要把它的整体So naughty放于句首，且句子要倒装，即将系动词is置于主语the child之前。故翻译为So naughty is the child that he often upsets his parents who are busy with their work.54．Students should be encouraged to apply what they have learned in class to practice.【详解】考查固定短语和宾语从句。主语为复数名词students；表示“应该鼓励”为should be encouraged to；表示“用于”应用动词apply，后跟what引导的宾语从句；表示“将课堂上所学的知识用于实践中去”翻译为they have learned in class to practice，为现在完成时。故翻译为Students should be encouraged to apply what they have learned in class to practice.55．I felt that the blood in my body cooled because of the terrible sight.【详解】考查动词时态、宾语从句、介词短语和名词。表示“感觉”应用动词feel，作主句谓语，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时；宾语从句结构齐全应用引导词that，表示“凝固”应用动词cool，作宾语从句谓语动词，主句为过去时，所以从句谓语动词也应用一般过去时，表示“由于；看到”应用介词短语because of；表示“可怕的景象”应用名词短语the terrible sight，作because of的宾语；介词短语because of the terrible sight作原因状语。故翻译为I felt that the blood in my body cooled because of the terrible sight.56．The advantages and disadvantages of online educationSince the outbreak of COVID-19, many schools have adopted online teaching methods. However, the attitudes towards it vary from person to person.   On the one hand, online education provides us with a god source of information. It also enables students to study at their own pace, which helps them save time and have a better understanding of what they learn. On the other hand, high school students may lack the self-discipline to keep up with the workload in online classes. Besides, with too much time spent online, their eyesight may be damaged. What’s worse, it’s hard for them to solve problems in their studies for lack of face-to-face communication with teachers.Personally, online education is very important, especially at present, but we must use it wisely.【导语】本篇书面表达属于议论文。要求考生写一篇短文向校英语报投稿，谈谈在线教育的利弊以及自己的看法。【详解】1.词汇积累提供：provide→offer损害：damage→ harm更糟糕的是：what’s worse→worse still个人而言：personally→ as far as I’m conerned2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Besides, with too much time spent online, their eyesight may be damaged.拓展句：Besides, as too much time is spent online, their eyesight may be damaged.【点睛】【高分句型1】It also enables students to study at their own pace, which helps them save time and have a better understanding of what they learn.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）【高分句型2】Besides, with too much time spent online, their eyesight may be damaged.（运用了with的复合结构）