人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters学案及答案

这是一份人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters学案及答案，共16页。学案主要包含了注意事项，写作流程，常用表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。

为新闻报道写概要
本单元的写作任务是为新闻报道写概要。概要写作是一种要求阅读和写作并重的题型，有准确性、完整性、概括性、客观性和个体性等特点。概要写作会为学生提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求学生在对原文阅读后，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。概要既要用词准确、结构合理、语意连贯、不得抄袭原文，又要能完全概括出文章的中心大意。
一、注意事项
1．词数要在60词左右，上下限不得超过10个单词。
2．要根据文章的体裁特点进行概要写作。
3．人称和时态要与所给文章中的人称和时态保持一致，但必要时也可变换成第三人称。
4．写作时尽可能地使用复合句，必要时可转换词性，不得完全照搬、照抄原文。
二、写作流程
1．确定体裁，明确主题及结构
2．确定主题句，找关键信息
画出每一段的主题句，抓住关键信息，忽略次要信息。
3．改写关键信息，得出要点
使用意义相同或相近的单词、短语或句式，或使用不同的句子结构表达同一意思，如改变语态、肯定变否定等，避免抄袭原文句子。
4．添加连接词，使行文连贯
要牢记各段落要点之间的逻辑关系和自然衔接，用恰当的关联词去连贯全文。常用的关联词有：hwever，besides，in additin，therefre，instead等。
三、常用表达
1．This article/passage mainly tells a stry abut...
这篇文章主要讲述了关于……的故事。
2．This passage mainly deals with/discusses/explres...
这篇文章主要处理/讨论/探索……
3．This article fcuses n the tpic f...
这篇文章关注……的话题。
4．In this passage (abut...)，the authr...
在这篇(关于……的)文章里，作者……
5．The authr began the essay/passage by telling/presenting...
作者通过讲述/呈现……开始这篇短文/文章。
6．First/Firstly/In the beginning/In the first part，the authr argues/explains/mentins/states/pints ut (that)...
首先，作者论证/解释/提及/陈述/指出……
7．Secndly/Next/Then/In the next part/In the main part，the authr ges n with...
第二/接下来/然后/在下一部分/在主要部分，作者继续……
8．Finally，the authr stresses that...
最后，作者强调……
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
An 8．2-magnitude earthquake struck ff the cast f nrthern Chile late n Tuesday，cutting pwer and leading t small landslides and a tsunami.Fur men and ne wman died—tw wh suffered heart attacks and three wh were crushed.Abut 300 prisners escaped frm the nrthern prt city f Iquique in the immediate aftershck.
The quake struck at abut 8：46 time，sme 60 miles nrthwest f Iquique.It had a depth f 12．5 miles.Chile's Natinal Emergency Office asked castal residents t leave fr safe places.“The fact is，we will knw the extent f the damage as time ges by and when we inspect (视察)the areas in the light f day，” Chile's President Michelle Bachelet said early n Wednesday.“The cuntry has faced these first emergency hurs very well.”
Residents in the prt city f Antfagasta walked calmly thrugh the streets t higher grund as traffic became heavy in sme places.“Many peple are fearful after experiencing the pwerful earthquake in 2010，s they immediately rushed t higher grund when they heard the tsunami warning，” said a gvernment fficial.“There have been lts f aftershcks and cmmunicatins have been cut ff in many f the affected areas.S peple are waiting in the dark hills，nt knwing what is t cme，and hping they will be able t return t their hmes safely.”
The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center sent ut several tsunami warnings，but called ff all f them by early Wednesday.Tsunami waves f mre than six feet caused by the earthquake washed ashre n the cast f Pisagua.Iquique，with a ppulatin f mre than 200，000，saw seven-ft waves.
[要点提炼]
要点1：地震发生的时间、地点；
要点2：地震导致的结果：电力中断、人员伤亡等；
要点3：余震导致的结果；
要点4：地震导致了海啸。
[遣词造句]
1．一场8．2级的地震在当地时间晚上8：46袭击了智利北部海岸。
An 8．2-magnitude earthquake struck ff the cast f nrthern Chile at 8：46 time.
2．这场地震导致了电力中断、五人死亡。
The earthquake caused pwer cuts and five deaths．
3．许多地震灾区发生了多次余震，通信中断。
There were lts f aftershcks and cmmunicatins were cut ff in many f the earthquake-hit areas.
4．地震导致了六英尺多高的海啸波浪。
Tsunami waves f mre than six feet were caused by the earthquake．
5．这些海浪席卷了皮萨瓜沿岸。
These waves washed ashre n the cast f Pisagua.
[句式升级]
1．用分词短语作状语合并句1和句2
An 8.2-magnitude earthquake struck ff the cast f nrthern Chile at 8：46 time，causing pwer cuts and five deaths.
2．用分词短语作定语合并句4和句5
Tsunami waves f mre than six feet caused by the earthquake washed ashre n the cast f Pisagua.
[连句成篇] (注意使用适当的衔接过渡词语)
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【参考范文】
An 8．2-magnitude earthquake struck ff the cast f nrthern Chile at 8：46 time，causing pwer cuts and five deaths.(要点1) There were lts f aftershcks and cmmunicatins were cut ff in many f the earthquake-hit areas.(要点2) Tsunami waves f mre than six feet caused by the earthquake washed ashre n the cast f Pisagua.(要点3)
动作描写 “肢体”
[词块积累]
1．raise ne's hands 举手
2．wave ne's arm挥舞手臂
3．drag behind慢悠悠地跟在后面
4．walk aimlessly漫无目的地走着
5．reach fr ne's hand 伸手抓住某人
6．stamp ne's ft in anger气得直跺脚
7．stagger t ne's feet摇晃地站起身来
8．put ne's arms arund sb.伸出双臂搂着某人
9．lk (back) ver ne's shulder 回头看
10．raise/hld up a finger t ne's lips 把一根手指举到某人唇边
[佳句积累]
1．They dived int the water.
他们一头跳进水中。
2．She leapt ut f the back seat.
她从后座上跳了下来。
3．She sat n the flr，hugging her knees.
她抱着双膝，坐在地板上。
4．She gave her mther a big hug.
她热烈地拥抱了她的母亲。
5．He gave her an encuraging pat n the shulder.
他轻拍她的肩膀以示鼓励。
6．She marched ver t me and demanded an aplgy.
她毅然走过来要我向她道歉。
7．The teacher raised a warning finger and we stpped talking.
老师举起一个手指以示警告，我们停止了交谈。
8．The reply f her father again fueled Jenny's anger，and she stamped her ft in anger.
她父亲的回答犹如火上浇油，气得珍妮直跺脚。
9．She threw the painting n the table，slammed the dr and threw herself n her bed.
她把画扔到桌子上，砰的一声关上门，就一头倒在床上。
10．When I asked him why he had dne it，he just shrugged his shulders.
当我问他为什么这么做时，他只是耸耸肩。
阅读下面短文，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一个80词左右的段落，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Mia and Max wh were raised alne by their mther Jennifer，were angels，r s their neighburs called them.
Since Jennifer culdn't affrd a nanny (保姆)，her neighburs always gladly stepped in t care fr the brther and sister in her absence.
Mia and Max were abslute sweethearts.They wuld help the neighburs in the garden，walk their dgs，and carry grceries frm their cars t their hmes.
“Mum says we shuld always help thers in need！” Mia wuld say，and Max wuld agree with her with a brad smile.“Because a little help ges a lng way！” he wuld add.
The tw lvely children warmed the entire neighburhd with their sweet smiles and kind hearts.Everything was all right until ne day Max fell dwn n the playgrund and was rushed t hspital.Sadly，it turned ut he was very sick and needed sme specific medicines t keep him ging.“That's ging t cst a lt f mney！” Jennifer sighed.But she didn't tell anyne that she was in truble.
She began setting aside mney each mnth fr Max's treatment.Obviusly，with her pr pay as a waitress in a bar，she culdn't save enugh.She began cutting dwn n mney fr gas and even fd.She wuld walk miles every day t and frm wrk and g t the grcery stres as less ften as pssible.
One night，Jennifer came hme and pened the fridge，nly t find they had just ne can f tmat sup left.“I'm a ttal failure as a mther，” she cried，blaming herself.“I can't even feed my children！”
Finally Jennifer added extra water t the sup and served it t her children，wh enjyed their dinner as happily as usual.As sn as her children left the table，Jennifer burst int tears again，little knwing a pleasant surprise was waving at her and her kids.
When Jennifer checked her mailbx the next day，she fund an envelpe._____________________________________________________
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【参考范文】
When Jennifer checked her mailbx the next day，she fund an envelpe.She tre it pen and felt ht tears rlling dwn her cheeks.Inside the envelpe was $2，000 and a nte frm her neighburs.The nte said，“Srry t learn abut Max's illness.Yur children have been a precius gift t us.They have helped every ne f us，s we ught t d smething in return.Please keep this mney and get the medicines Max requires.” Jennifer cried and hugged her children as she rushed int the huse.“Kids，thank yu fr being such nice children，” she sbbed，feeling really prud f her darling children and deeply grateful t her caring neighburs.
课时分层作业(十五)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Annying brther r sister may break yur tys，but he r she may help yu when yu are in truble.A new study suggests that yunger siblings might be gd fr yur health.
Children wh didn't welcme a baby brther r sister int the family befre first grade had almst three times the likelihd f besity cmpared with kids wh experienced the birth f a sibling when they were arund 3 t 4 years ld，the study fund.
“It is pssibly because when there is a yunger sibling in the family，a child might becme mre active—fr example，running arund mre with their yunger sibling，” said Julie Lumeng，a public health researcher at the University f Michigan.
“Maybe families are mre likely t take the kids t the park when there is a yunger sibling，r maybe the child is less likely t sit，watching TV，when there is a yunger sibling t ask them t jin mre active pretend play，” she added.
Mealtimes might als be different with a secnd kid at the table.Parents f nly child can ften fcus t much n what their kids eat，which can lead t bad eating habits，sme previus research suggests.
“When parents use restrictive r pressure t eat feeding practices，children have an increased risk f being verweight，” said Jerica Berge，a researcher at the University f Minnesta.
“When a new child is intrduced，parents may relax their fcus n the lder child's eating behaviurs，making it pssible fr the lder child t self regulate their eating，” said Berge.“This selfregulatin may lead t a healthier weight fr the child with a sibling.”
Fr their study，Lumeng and clleagues fllwed 697 U．S.children frm birth thrugh age 6．Hwever，the authrs acknwledged that their study lacked bjectively measured birth weights and infrmatin n events such as a divrce，a mve r a jb lss in the family—all f which can influence the dds f children becming bese.Fr mre infrmatin abut this tpic，please click here．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了与家里有兄弟姐妹的孩子相比，独生子女更有可能出现超重问题。文章分析了产生这一现象背后可能存在的原因，同时对父母提出了一些对孩子饮食方式的建议。
1．Cmpared t children with yunger siblings，an nly child may________．
A．becme verweight
B．becme selfish
C．have a healthier lifestyle
D．get better parental care
A [细节理解题。根据第二段可知，研究发现在一年级之前家里没有弟弟或妹妹出生的孩子，与经历过兄弟姐妹出生的孩子相比，在他们3到4岁左右时，肥胖的可能性几乎是三倍。由此可知，与有弟弟妹妹的孩子比起来，独生子女更有可能出现超重问题。故选A。]
2．Hw may children change when they have a yunger sibling?
A．They may refuse t play at hme.
B．They may have mre physical activities.
C．They may feel annyed and unhappy.
D．They may spend mre time with their parents.
B [细节理解题。根据第三段可知，密歇根大学的公共卫生研究员Julie Lumeng说：“这可能是因为当家里有了弟弟/妹妹时，孩子会变得更活跃——比如，会更多地和弟弟/妹妹一起跑来跑去。”由此可知，当孩子们有了弟弟/妹妹后，他们可能会有更多的身体活动。故选B。]
3．Fr parents，which f the fllwing may be gd fr their children's health?
A．Paying mre attentin t kids' eating habits.
B．Using sme restrictive feeding practices.
C．Allwing kids t cntrl their eating.
D．Letting the lder child regulate the diet f the yunger child.
C [推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，“当家中有一个新孩子出生时，父母可能会放松对大孩子饮食行为的关注，使大孩子有可能自我调节他们的饮食，”Berge说。“这种自我调节可能会让有兄弟姐妹的孩子体重更健康。”由此可推知，对于父母来说，C选项“允许孩子们控制自己的饮食”可能对孩子的健康有益。故选C。]
4．Where can we read this passage?
A．On TV.
B．On the Internet.
C．On the radi.
D．In the newspaper.
B [推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Fr mre infrmatin abut this tpic，please click here．”可知，文章最有可能选自互联网。故选B。]
B
The Suez Canal，which cnnects the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea，pened in 1869．It helps speed wrld trade between the East and the West.But the man-made waterway has als helped speed the rise f ther things，such as nn-native species，which have damaged the Mediterranean's envirnment and caused native species t disappear.
The number f nn-native species has risen since the Suez Canal was widened in 2015．The “New Suez Canal” has raised cncerns in many Mediterranean cuntries.
Bella Galil is an Israeli bilgist wh has studied the Mediterranean fr ver 30 years.She nted that the widening and deepening f the Suez Canal had created a “mving aquarium” f species.These species culd make castal waters almst unusable fr human beings.Galil believes the number f invasive species has reached 400，which is twice the number frm 30 years ag.
Scientists in Mediterranean cuntries frm Turkey，Tunisia t Lebann share the same cncern.But sme Egyptians dn't cnsider the envirnmental cncerns as serius.They said nly 5% f the invaders are a prblem and that invasive species can be helpful by “replacing species that are verfished”．They dn't think that the widening f the canal is respnsible fr the increase in invasive species；they say the increase was caused by rising water temperatures and wastewater frm ships.
The Suez Canal Authrity runs the canal.Canal fficials say they are clsely watching the mvements f sea species.They say they are requiring ships t take actin t avid carrying species frm ne side f the canal t the ther.And they are trying t keep salt levels high in the Bitter Lakes t blck invasive species ut.Galil，hwever，questins whether these will be enugh t prtect the native species.“One day we will wake up t a cmplete and irreversible (不可逆的) change and knw that there was smething we culd have dne abut it，if nly it had been dne n time，” she said.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了苏伊士运河扩建后，非本地物种入侵严重，导致当地物种逐渐消失。
5．What des the first paragraph shw?
A．Seeing is believing.
B．Man will cnquer nature.
C．Let nature take its curse.
D．Every cin has tw sides.
D [推理判断题。根据第一段可知，苏伊士运河连接着地中海和红海，促进了东西方之间的贸易。但扩建后，外来物种入侵严重，这些入侵生物破坏了地中海的环境，导致当地物种逐渐消失。由此可以推知，本段说明凡事有利有弊。故选D。]
6．What des Galil say abut the “New Suez Canal”？
A．Its envirnment is wrsening.
B．It cnnects Mediterranean cuntries.
C．It is widened t include mre species.
D．It is t prtect endangered native species.
A [推理判断题。根据第三段可知，以色列生物学家Bella Galil表示扩建后，苏伊士运河的入侵物种使得沿海水域的水几乎不适合人类使用，而且入侵物种的数量是三十年前的两倍。由此可知，Galil谈到扩建后的New Suez Canal环境恶化。故选A。]
7．What d sme Egyptians disagree n?
A．The results f verfishing.
B．The decrease f native species.
C．The cause f the increase in invasive species.
D．The meaning f the widening f the Suez Canal.
C [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的最后一句“They dn't think that the widening f the canal is respnsible fr the increase in invasive species；they say the increase was caused by rising water temperatures and wastewater frm ships.”可知，埃及人不赞同扩建运河是造成入侵物种增加的原因的说法。故选C。]
8．What is Galil's attitude t the Suez Canal Authrity's actin?
A．Uninterested.
B．Dubtful.
C．Supprting.
D．Understanding.
B [推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Galil，hwever，questins whether these will be enugh t prtect the native species.”可推知，Galil对于Suez Canal Authrity采取的措施表示怀疑。故选B。]
Ⅱ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，正在英国某中学交流学习，你所在的社区近期将举办各国传统美食交流活动，正在招募参与者。请你用英语给活动组委会写封信，申请参加此次活动，内容包括：
1．写信目的；2．个人优势；3．希望得到答复。
注意：1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Cmmittee Members，
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Sincerely，
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Cmmittee Members，
I am Li Hua，a student frm China currently studying in the UK.Learning that an upcming traditinal fd exchange event will be held in ur cmmittee，I am writing t apply fr it.
Having learned a lt abut Chinese fd，I am extremely thrilled t share my knwledge with thers.In additin，I have experience in cking traditinal Chinese fd，such as dumplings and ht pts，which wuld be a valuable additin t the event.
I wuld appreciate it if accepted.I hpe t hear frm yu sn.
Sincerely，
Li Hua
体裁
结构
记叙文
人物＋时间＋地点＋事件
(起因＋发展＋结果)
说明文
事物的性质功能：对象＋性质功能＋利好问题的解决方法或措施：问题＋解决方法现象类：现象＋原因＋结果
议论文
主题＋补充论据(＋结论)