Unit 2 讲义 人教版八年级英语下册

这是一份Unit 2 讲义 人教版八年级英语下册，共10页。
Unit2 I'll help to clean up the city parks1.The girl could volunteer in an after-school study...volunteer(v)自愿(做某事)常用短语: volunteer to do sth./volunteer for sth.自愿做某事eg:The students volunteer to help the poor.volunteer(可数n)志愿者eg:Being a volunteer is great.volunteer(adj)志愿的；自愿的eg:They did a volunteer job.2.They told me stories about the past and how things used to be.used to do sth.过去常常做某事 There used to be 过去曾有归纳: “used to+动词原形”句式①肯定句:“主语+used to+动词原形+其他”②否定句: “主语+didn't use to+ 动词原形+其他” “主语+usedn't to + 动词原形+其他”eg:I didn't use to have short hair. I usedn't to have short hair.③一般疑问句: “Did+主语+use to+动词原形+其他?” “Used+主语+to+动词原形+其他?”eg:Did you use to play the piano? Used you to play the piano?④反义疑问句: 附加疑问句部分可使用 “didn't”或 “usedn't”eg:The street used to be crowded,didn't/usedn't it?3....but I want to learn more about how to care for animals.“how to care for animals”是“疑问词+动词不定式”结构英语中,疑问代词what、who、which和疑问副词where、when、why、how等后面可以接动词不定式构成动词不定式短语,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语eg:I don't know what to do next. (宾语) The problem is where to go now. (表语) When to leave is still a question. (主语)注意：“疑问词+动词不定式”结构作宾语时,相当于宾语从句。当宾语从句的主语与主句的主语相同时,可以与此结构互换eg:She didn't decide where she should go. She didn't decide where to go.4.I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animals get better and the look of joy on their owners' faces.“such a strong feeling of satisfaction ”属于“such+a(n)+adj+n” 结构 ,意为：“如此...的...”eg:Did you see such an interesting film?可与“so+adj+a(n)+单数可数名词”互换eg:Did you see so interesting a film? She is such a beautiful girl. She is so beautiful a girl. 辨析:such与so ①such(adj)如此的(修饰n) so(adv)如此(修饰adj/adv)②两者用来修饰复数名词时,若n前有adj,一般用such若n前有many,much,few,little,此时用so eg:They are such clever boys. He has so many books that he wants to sell them.③如果被修饰的是不可数名词，只能用sucheg:It is such beautiful music.④当little表示“年纪小的”之意，可用“such+little+n”结构eg:They are such little children that they can't dress themselves.⑤so...that...(如此...以致于...) so that以便(目的状语)eg:He is so young that he can't dress himself. They get up early so that they can catch the bus.satisfaction(不可数名词) 满意；满足 dissatisfaction不满satisfy(v)使满意→satisfied(adj)满意的→satisfying(adj)令人满意的一系列用法：①to one's satisfaction 令人满意的是 (同surprise)②express one's satisfaction at/with对...表示满意③with satisfaction满意地 ④satisfy one's needs满足某人的需要⑤be satisfied with对...感到满意⑥be satisfied to do sth.对做某事感到满意owner(n)主人;雇主eg:She is the owner of the house.own(adj)自己的(常与物主代词连用)两种结构:①one's own+名词②名词+of one's own eg:She still doesn't have a house of her own. She still doesn't have her own house.own(v)拥有(相当于have)eg:He owns a car.5....to visit sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people.raise(vt) 筹集 (raised---raised) raise...for...为...筹集raise的其他用法:①举起、抬起(同lift) raise one's hand 举起手②养育、饲养、种植(人、动物、植物)raise a family 养家 raise sheep养羊 ③建立、竖起(同set up)raise a monument 建纪念碑④提高、升高raise one's voice 提高声音辨析：raise与rise ①raise（vt）(有被动语态) rise(vi)（无被动语态）②raise（借助外力）升高 rise（自身）升高eg:The student raised her right hand. The sun rises in the east.③二者都可用来表示数量、价值、地位、水平等的提高、上升 eg:The price of potatoes was raise. The price of potatoes rised.6.I take after my mother.take after:像、与...相像辨析：take after、look like、be like take after指(因血缘关系在长相、性格或行为上)相像 (be similar to)eg :Mary really takes after her mom. Mary is really similar to her mom.look like指(外表上)看起来像eg:The man looks like our math teacher.be like指(性格、外貌)像eg:---What's he like? 他是个什么样的人？ ---He's tall，handsome and very kind. 7.I'm sure you know that this group was set up to help disabled people like me.be sure的常用句型：①be sure to do sth. 一定会做某事Eg:He is sure to arrive here on time.②be sure of/about sth. 对...有把握Eg:They are sure of/about the fact.③be sure+(that)从句 确信...Eg:I am sure (that) he will come on time.注意：在be sure+(that)从句 中，若主句的主语与从句的主语一致，则句子结构能改为：be sure to do 的形式eg:I am sure (that) I will succeed. I am sure to succeed. 8.You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky.“make it +adj+to do sth.”使做某事(变得)...在此结构中，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式Eg:The teacher made it interesting to learn English.it作形式宾语的其他常见句型：think/find/believe/feel it+adj/n+to do sth.觉得/发现/相信/感觉做某事...Eg:I find it boring to study at home. I believe it a good way to do like that. I feel it interesting to play outside.9.Or imagine you can't walk or use your hands easily.imagine(V)想象；设想 imagination(n)想象用法：①imagine doing sth. 想象做某事eg:He tries to imagine living in the moon.②imagine sb.to do sth. 想象某人做某事eg:She imagines herself to be a famous singer.③imagine+that/what+从句 想象...eg:I can't imagine what happened to you.10.She talked to Animal Helpers about getting me a special trained dog.trained(adj)受过训练的train(v)训练；培养；锻炼用法：①train sb./sth.to do sth.训练某人/某物去做某事eg:The police trained these dogs to detect.②train sb.in sth.在某方面训练/培养某人eg:He trained his son in the football team.training(不可数名词)训练；培训eg:I didn't have any training in drawing.11.Lucky is very clever and understands many English words.understand(v)理解；领会 (understood---understood)①understand理解；听懂 (follow/catch)eg:I can't understand/follow/catch you,please speak again.②make oneself understood 让别人理解自己的意思eg:I can't make myself understood in English.③understanding(adj)善解人意的；体谅人的eg:The mother has an understanding daughter.12.What are your interests and hobbies?interest(可数名词)兴趣；爱好用法：①have (an) interest in 对...有兴趣②have no interest in 对...不感兴趣③take an interest in 对...产生兴趣④lose interest in 对...失去兴趣interest(vt)使...有兴趣eg:The film may interest you.13.动词短语“动词+副词”结构①相当于不及物动词eg:break out爆发 break up分解 come up出现fall behind 落后 get along 进展 get up起床give in 屈服 grow up 长大 hold on等会儿②相当于及物动词(代词作宾语位于中间，名词作宾语位于中间/后面)eg:cheer up使高兴起来 clean up打扫干净 think over仔细考虑 put up 张贴 fix up修理 give away赠送give out 分发 use up用完 hand in上交put off推迟 pick up捡起 turn down调低音量