人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 3 Sea Exploration课前预习ppt课件

这是一份人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 3 Sea Exploration课前预习ppt课件，共38页。

Build up yur vcabulary
Learning bjectives
By the end f this sectin, yu will be able t:identify wrds based n their meaning in English;grasp sme phrases, including their meanings and usages;use wrds and phrases yu have learned t cmplete a passage;learn abut Zac’s adventure and analyze his spirit.
Retell the essay we have learned.
Du Huan’s Recrd f My Travels
Zheng He’s vyages t the Western seas
21st Century Maritime Silk rad
reach ut acrss the sea far
Cmplete the passage using the wrds frm the text.
There are many t____ and legends abut hw seamen explred the ceans in the past. But hw many f them are reliable? The fact is that they needed multiple ways t keep safe after s______ sail. 1. Using nature t help is the first and mst useful frm f explratin. This includes the Nrth Star, Sun and cluds. 2. Using the weather. Experienced captains culd see the b_______ between weather and dangers. Either they withdrew the fleets r e________ their vyage. 3. Using the sea. Skillful sailrs culd use tides and currents t carry ships back t the shre r pass thrugh narrw c_________.These skills helped seamen explre the seas and discvered new lands. They needed nt nly the instruments but als curage and luck.
Write dwn the wrd that matches each definitin. Then find the sentences cntaining these wrds in the text.
Underline as many phrases as pssible in the essay we have read.
frm the fundatin“形成基础”
find ne’s way“找到出路”
a sight t behld“壮观的景象”
in return“作为回报”
in hand“在手头；可供使用”
reach ut acrss the sea“跨越海洋”
Cmplete the sentences with the crrect frms f the phrases in the bx.
a sight t behldin handwithdraw frmin return
1. Henry Nrman Bethune devted his life and prfessin t helping peple withut expecting anything .2. Last summer we visited an island in the Indian Ocean, whse rcky castline and lng glden beaches were .3. The tennis player several turnaments due t injury.4. With lts f fd and drink , they set ff fr their picnic.
a sight t behld
withdrew frm
Cmplete the passage belw with the crrect frms f the wrds in the bx.
find ne’s way bredm reach ut acrss the sea set sail frm the fundatin tale mtivate
In 1519, Ferdinand Magellan, a Prtuguese adventurer, made the first vyage arund the wrld. On 14 June 2008, nearly 500 years later, a 16-year-ld American by, Zac Sunderland, _________ n a similar jurney. After 13 mnths, he returned with a new wrld recrd: the yungest persn ever t sail arund the wrld.Zac grew up n a bat and learnt hw t sail when he was fur, which __________________ f his success. As a child, Zac read a bk abut Rbin Lee Graham wh had sailed arund the wrld alne as a teenager in 1965. Zac was greatly inspired by Graham’s _____. After his 16th birthday, Zac started making plans fr his jurney. Using his wn mney, Zac bught a bat and set ff.________________________ is ften a mixture f danger and ________. Zac had t ____________ thrugh heavy strms and get by n little sleep n his jurney. It was bring t stay n a bat all day, s Zac read lts f bks! He als emailed his family using his laptp, telling them abut his experiences arund the wrld.When the jurney ended, Zac’s adventure received widespread media cverage. At his press cnference, he talked abut hw passin and curage made his dream cme true. In his pinin, there’s s much that peple can achieve with the right __________ and ambitin. Just g fr it!
frmed the fundatin
Reaching ut acrss the sea
find his way
Read the passage again. Then answer the questins.
What prblems did Zac meet in his jurney?What made Zac’s jurney successful?Cmpared t the great vyages in histry, is Zac’s vyage meaningful? Why?
Review useful structures
By the end f this sectin, yu will be able t:find examples f infinitives in the essay yu have learnt and identify the purpse f their use;review the usage f the infinitive;use infinitives t cmplete sme exercises and understand the purpse f their use;use infinitives t write an ending fr The Little Mermaid.
What can an infinitive functin as?
the infinitive
What are the frms f infinitives?
Find all the sentences cntaining infinitives in the reading passage. Then mark their functins.
Jin the wrds t make sentences using infinitives. Then decide the functin f each infinitive.
1. He encuraged me t participate in the surfing cmpetitin.
2. The strm seems t be getting clser.
3. Magellan was the first persn t sail arund the wrld.
4. The UN peacekeeping frce aims t maintain peace and prevent armed cnflicts.
5. The crwd std t applaud scientists fr their imprtant cean research wrk.
6. It is a gd idea t tax plastic bttles s that peple use them less.
7. The Jialng manned submersible is said t be able t reach 7 km underwater.
8. It remains t be seen whether r nt his capsule can wrk.
Infinitives as the subject一、动词不定式（短语）作主语的主谓一致原则1. 单个动词不定式（短语）作主语，谓语用单数。T imprve English is the mst urgent thing fr me nw. 提高英语对现在的我而言是最紧急的事。2. 两个或两个以上的动词不定式（短语）作主语，若语义一致或基本一致，或动词不定式（短语）作为一个整体，谓语用单数。T lve and t be lved is sweet t us. 爱与被爱对我们来说都是甜蜜的。3. 两个或两个以上的动词不定式（短语）作主语，若语义不一致，谓语用复数。T imprve peple’s lives and t speed up scial cnstructin are tw imprtant tasks. 改善人们的生活和加快社会建设是两项重要任务。
二、 动词不定式（短语）作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语 1. It is + 形容词（+ fr sb.）+ t d sth.It is easy fr me t learn hw t drive. 学会如何开车对我而言很容易。2. It is + 形容词（+ f sb.）+ t d sth.It is clever f him t leave that cmpany. 他很聪明，离开了那家公司。 3. It is + 名词（a pleasure/a pity/an hnr ...）+ t d sth.It’s ur duty t take care f the ld. 照顾老人是我们的责任。4. It takes/tk sb. + sme time + t d sth.It takes me an hur t d hmewrk every day. 我每天花一个小时写作业。
Infinitives as the bject用法1. 不定式短语作宾语时，往往放在下列动词（短语）之后：affrd, decide/determine, learn, want/expect/hpe/wish, refuse, manage, pretend, ffer, prmise, chse, plan, agree, ask/beg, fail, happen, strive, threaten, wuld like等。He has prmised t take care f the matter n his wn. 他已经答应自己处理这件事。I am expecting t share the experience with yu right nw. 我期待着现在就和你分享这段经历。2. 在某些动词，如find, think, cnsider, feel, make, believe后，常用it作形式宾语，构成 “find/think ... + it+adj./n.+ t d sth. ”结构。I find it challenging t fit in with the team. 我觉得融入这个团队很有挑战性。We think it ur duty t prtect the envirnment. 我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。
注意：下列动词或词组既可以接动词不定式作宾语，也可以接动名词作宾语，但意义上有区别frget/remember t d sth. 忘记/记得去做某事frget/remember ding sth.忘记/记得做了某事regret t d sth.对要做某事感到遗憾regret ding sth.后悔做了某事try t d sth. 努力去做某事try ding sth.尝试做某事mean t d sth.打算做某事mean ding sth.意味着做某事stp t d sth. 停下来去做某事stp ding sth.停止正在或经常做的事g n t d sth. 接着做另一件事g n ding sth.继续做某事3. 固定结构d/have/其他动词+sth.+but/except (t) d sth.中的不定式用法。此结构要遵循“前有实义 动词d，but后则无t，反之则有t”的原则。She had n chice but t face the embarrassment. 她别无选择，只能面对尴尬。The tw brthers did nthing but blame each ther. 这两兄弟除了互相指责外，什么也没做。
Infinitives as the bject cmplement用法1. 在某些动词后都可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语，如ask, want, expect, invite, beg, encurage, rder, warn, remind, prefer, get, frce, allw, permit, frbid, persuade, cause, advise, teach, wait fr, call n, depend n等。Please remind me t attend the meeting n time. 请提醒我准时参加会议。2. 下列动词（短语）接省略t的动词不定式作宾语补足语：一感（feel），二听（hear, listen t），三使（let, have, make），四看（see, ntice, bserve, watch），半帮助（help），但在变为被动语态时需加t。The thief was bserved t enter the bank. 有人看见小偷进了银行。3. with+宾语+宾补的复合结构中。With many prblems t settle, we shuld hld anther meeting. 有许多问题要解决，我们应该再开一次会。
Infinitives as the predicative一、 结构：主语 + am/is/are/was/were + 不定式The purpse f educatin is t develp a fine persnality in children. 教育的目的是培养儿童良好的性格。二、表意功能及主要用法1. 当句子的主语是不定式时，系动词后可接不定式作表语，用于解释主语所描述的行为或说明该行为带来的结果。类似用法还包括一些格言警句：T ask him such questins is t irritate him. 问他这样的问题会激怒他。T see is t believe. 眼见为实。2. 当不定式作表语时，能够担当句子主语的名词比较有限，它们大多用于表示某种情形或状况，如advice, aim, ambitin, custm, business, desire, difficulty, duty, experience, habit, happiness, hpe, idea, intentin, jb, methd, plan, principle, prblem, purpse, reasn, risk, rle, task, thing, wish等。My ambitin is t becme a scientist. 我的理想是成为一名科学家。
3. 不定式结构作remain的表语：remain t be dne“有待于被做”。There are s many things remaining t be dne. 有许多事情要做。4. 有时，根据表达的需要，在作表语的不定式前，还可添加疑问代词或疑问副词，包括what, wh, hw, when, where等。The prblem was hw t begin. 问题是如何开始。5. 当主语包含定语从句且其先行词为代词all或形容词最高级形式the least、the mst时，后可接“系动词+不定式”作句子的表语。All he wanted was t be left alne. 他只想一个人待着。The least I can expect is t have this day all t myself. 至少我能期待这一天只属于自己。6. 当不定式作表语时，句子的主语还可以是what引导的主语从句。What I want t d nw is (t) have a rest. 我现在只想休息。7. 省略t的用法（1）all作主句主语，其后的定语从句含有实义动词d的某种形式时。All we need t d is live each day with hpe. 我们所需要做的就是带着希望生活每一天。（2）what引导的从句作主语，从句中含有实义动词d的某种形式时。What I want t d is take a hliday right away. 我想马上去度假。（3）（主句）主语被nly, first, ne, last或形容词最高级修饰，且其后作定语的从句或短语中含有实义动词d的某种形式时。In the evening the nly thing he did was read the newspaper. 晚上，他唯一做的事就是看报纸。
Infinitives as the attribute一、 位置：动词不定式作定语，一般位于所修饰词的后面，可扩展为一个定语从句。We are lking fr an apartment t live in. = We are lking fr an apartment that we can live in. 我们正在找一个可以居住的公寓。二、用法1. 动词不定式作定语可表示还未发生的动作。All the teachers t attend the pening ceremny tmrrw shuld wear the unifrms. 明天将要出席开幕式的所有老师都应该穿制服。The cmpetitin t be held next year will surely attract many internatinal turists. 明年要举行的比赛肯定会吸引许多国际游客。2. 序数词、形容词最高级和the last/the nly/the next等词语后或被这些词修饰的名词后常用动词不定式作定语。The next train t arrive was frm New Yrk. 下一趟抵达的火车是从纽约开来的。He is always the first t cme and the last t leave. 他总是第一个来，最后一个离开。
3. 抽象名词ability, chance, pprtunity, way, right (权利), curage, decisin, hpe, wish等后常用动词不 定式作定语。Thanks t yur encuragement, I finally gt the curage t face the challenge. 多亏了你的鼓励，我最终有了迎接挑战的勇气。Starting a new schl term is always exciting. It is a gd chance t see yur friends again. 开始一个新学期总是很令人兴奋，这是一个再次见到你朋友们的好机会。4. smething, nthing, anything等不定代词后常用动词不定式作定语。We have nthing t fear but fear itself. 人最害怕的就是害怕本身。5. 在there be句型中，作主语的名词后可接动词不定式作定语，被修饰的中心词是不定式的逻辑宾语时，不定式用主动式或被动式均可。There is nthing t wrry abut/t be wrried abut. 没什么可担心的。注意：在there be句型中，如果动词不定式有逻辑主语，则动词不定式只能用主动形式。
三、构成动词不定式的动词与被修饰词之间的关系1. 主谓关系：主谓关系指的是被修饰词是构成动词不定式的动词的逻辑主语。此时的动词不定式在意义上相当于一个定语从句。We need smene t help with the wrk. = We need smene that can help with the wrk. 我们需要有人来帮忙做这项工作。2. 动宾关系：动宾关系指的是被修饰词是构成动词不定式的动词的逻辑宾语，所以作定语的不定式不能带宾语。D yu have anything t send? 你有什么东西要寄吗？3. 同位关系：同位关系指的是不定式对所修饰的名词的内容起解释、说明作用。这类被修饰词有两类，一种是由动词派生出来的抽象名词，如plan, decisin等，另一种是如campaign, evidence, pprtunity, psitin, pwer, prject, reasn, right等的抽象名词。My plan t g abrad has failed. 我出国的计划没能实现。We dn’t have enugh evidence t prve that he was wrng. 我们没有充足的证据来证明他是错的。
Infinitives as the adverbial
Cmplete the dialgues with the crrect frms f the wrds in brackets.
1. A: Will yur parents be back frm their hliday tmrrw?B: N, they decided _________ (extend) their trip.2. A: Have yu gt the test result n the new medicine?B: Yes, it has prved ______ (be) smewhat effective, but further testing remains __________ (d).3. A: Ww! I didn’t expect Pete ______ (be) such a gd swimmer!B: _____________ (spend) the past summer practising almst every day, he is nw able _________ (swim) much faster than befre.4. A: What happened? Yu were suppsed ___________________ (be) in Beijing by nw!B: I verslept and rushed t the airprt, nly ________ (find) that the check-in cunter had clsed.5. A: Which seasn d yu like mst?B: Winter. Because the city lks very beautiful when ________ (cver) with snw.6. A: Wh is cnsidered _______ (be) the father f the cmputer: Charles Babbage, Alan Turing, Jhn Vincent Atanasff, r Jhn vn Neumann?B: Well, they are all believed _____________ (make) imprtant cntributins t cmputer science.
Having spent
t have been (t be)
t have made
Tell the functin f the infinitive in each sentence. Then translate them int Chinese.
1. T be r nt t be, that is the questin.2. It is better t give than t take.3. Yu’re never t ld t learn.4. T knw everything is t knw nthing.5. T save time is t lengthen life.
生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题。
什么都知道等于什么都不知道。
节约时间就是延长生命。
Read the beginning f The Little Mermaid and use the prper frms f the verbs in brackets t fill in the blanks. What d yu think happens next?
Far ut in the cean, where the water is as clear as glass, lives the Sea King. The cean is t deep ___________ (measure). We may imagine there is nthing except yellw sand under the sea, but actually it is nt rare ______ (see) the mst unique flwers and plants ________ (dance) in the fast-mving water. In the deepest spt f all stands the Sea King’s castle, which has walls f cral and a rf _______ (frm) f beautiful shells. The mther f the king, a wise wman wh is prud _____________ (be) brn int the ryal family, takes care f his six daughters. Amng the six sea-princesses, the yungest is the prettiest. Althugh she has delicate skin like a rse-leaf and eyes as blue as the
deepest sea, she has n feet but a fish tail just like her sisters. The mst cmmn way fr the princesses _______ (play) all day lng is __________________ (swim) in the halls f the castle r amng the flwers grwing ut f the walls, feeding and tuching the fish ___________ (swim) up t their hands thrugh the windws. They seem ___________ (nt wrry) abut anything, except fr the yungest, wh ...
t have been
swimming/t swim
Read again and discuss the fllwing questins.
What is the Sea King’s castle like?What is the life like in the Sea King’s castle?What is the mst cmmn way fr princesses t play?Yu may all knw the ending f The Little Mermaid. Please write a ttally different ne nw. Fr example, what if the mermaid met a bilgy scientist r a deep-sea submersible called Jialng? What help will she get?
Cmplete the news reprt belw with the apprpriate frms f the verbs in brackets. What else d yu knw abut Jialng?
Named after a mythical dragn, Jialng is China’s first manned deep-sea research submersible. It was develped by Chinese designers _________ (start) frm 2002 and entered service in 2010, ________ (make) China the fifth cuntry in the wrld with deep-sea explratin technlgy.
In 2017, during a 138-day expeditin that _______ (start) in February, the submersible’s mther ship, Xiangyanghng 09 sailed nearly 34,000 km int the Suth China Sea, the nrthwestern Indian Ocean, and the nrthwestern Pacific Ocean. Jialng cnducted 30 dives _________ (make) scientific investigatins and (cllect) __________ samples. The submersible made five dives in the Mariana Trench and the Yap Trench, bth in the western Pacific Ocean. These peratins have enabled scientists _____________________ (better understand) gegraphical and bilgical cnditins deep under the ceans.Right nw, Jialng is underging maintenance befre ________ (start) its next adventure. In 2020, Jialng will begin its first glbal deep-sea scientific explratin missin. It will have a new mther ship, which is _________ (name) Deep Sea N. 1. This grand missin is intended _____________ (strengthen) China’s capacity in __________ (survey) deep-sea envirnments and will increase the natin’s influence in this field.
t better understand
t strengthen
Wrds and Expressins
Henry Nrman Bethune devted his life and prfessin t helping peple withut expecting anything in return. (P28) 亨利·诺尔曼·白求恩把他的一生和事业都献给了帮助别人而不求任何回报。prfessin /prəˈfeʃn/ n. 职业；行业搭配by prfessin 在职业上；就职业来说拓展prfessinal adj. 专业的，职业的 prfessr n. 教授例句Prfessr Smith, wh is famus in the medical prfessin, is paying a temprary prfessinal visit t ur cllege.史密斯教授是医学界的名人，他正在对我们学院进行短暂的专业访问。
When the jurney ended, Zac’s adventure received widespread media cverage. (P28) 当旅程结束时，扎克的冒险经历得到了媒体的广泛报道。cverage /ˈkʌvərɪdʒ/ n. 新闻报道；覆盖范围搭配media/newspaper/press cverage媒体/报纸/报刊的报道live cverage 现场直播insurance cverage保险范围area cverage区域范围cverage rate 覆盖率例句It is the premier task fr the cmpany t expand the current netwrk cverage.扩大当前网络覆盖是该公司的首要任务。拓展cver v. 覆盖；包括；足以支付；行走（一段路程）；占（一片面积）；报道cver ... with ... 用……覆盖……be cvered with/by 被……覆盖
At his press cnference, he talked abut hw passin and curage made his dream cme true. (P28) 在新闻发布会上，他谈到了激情和勇气是如何让他梦想成真的。press cnference 记者招待会；新闻发布会拓展the press 报刊（总称）；新闻界Oxfrd University Press 牛津大学出版社例句At the grand Nbel Prize Press Cnference, Dnna Strickland was reminded by a reprter that she was the just third wman t win the Nbel Prize in physics.在盛大的诺贝尔奖新闻发布会上，一位记者提醒唐娜·斯特里克兰，她是第三位获得诺贝尔物理学奖的女性。
applaud /əˈplɔːd/ vt. & vi. 鼓掌 vt. 称赞；赞赏（P29）搭配applaud ludly/warmly 热烈鼓掌applaud her decisin/speech称赞她的决定/演讲applaud sb. fr sth. = praise sb. fr sth.赞赏某人某事t be applauded 应该受到赞许拓展applause n. 鼓掌，喝彩thunderus applause 爆发出雷鸣般的掌声例句We rse t applaud the actrs when the perfrmance came t an end, and the applause lasted fr a handful f minutes.演出结束时，我们起立为演员们鼓掌，掌声持续了几分钟。