外研版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 2 Exploring English课后作业题

Period 4　Developing ideas

Ⅰ.阅读

A

Facebook chief operating officer Sheryl Sandberg and Anna Maria Chavez, chief of American Girl Scouts, are leading a campaign to discourage the use of the word “bossy”. Does the term destroy the confidence of young girls?

The campaign claims that terms like “bossy” are improperly applied to females, preventing schoolgirls from seeing themselves as future “leaders”. From its first application, the word has been definitely connected more with women than with men. It first appeared in 1882, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, mentioning “a lady manager who was extremely bossy”. As late as 2008, the word appeared in reference to females four times more often than males, claim the Ban Bossy campaigners. “To me, the reference is always in association with women，” says Helen Trim, director of Fresh Minds. “I have three brothers and my family still call me ‘bossy’ today.” Her father is the only other family member who could be considered in that way, says Trim, but nobody would ever call him so. Some educators recommend that the word should be reclaimed, rather than banned.

“But the thing with ‘bossy’ is that there's an infantile (幼稚的) element to it”， says Sara Mills, professor at Sheffield University. You think of “bossy” as being like a little kid who's claiming more than he has the right to claim. It's not just “bossy” under_fire. “Pushy” is another target. The implication is that women shouldn't present themselves as powerful and confident, Mills suggests, which some women are willing to listen to and accept.  Trim points out that many modern female business role models are able to be bosses without being labeled “bossy”. And she rarely, if ever, hears the word used within her company. But she says that the damage may be done much earlier in a woman's life.  “It does come about from those early teenage years.” she says. “I think it's impossible to ban a word, but if people are replacing it with words like ‘confidence’ or ‘assertiveness’， we would all be in a much better place.”

篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了脸书的首席运营官等人发起一项阻止人们使用bossy一词的运动。

1．More evidence is provided to show “bossy” is more applied to females by ________.

A．the Oxford English Dictionary

B．the Ban Bossy campaigners

C．Helen Trim at Fresh Minds

D．some experts in education

答案：B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“As late as 2008, the word appeared in reference to females four times more often than males, claim the Ban Bossy campaigners.”可知，Ban Bossy运动的领导人提供更多的证明。故选B。

2．Trim's family still consider her bossy because ________.

A．she is expected to lead in her family

B．she is the boss of her company

C．she is a powerful and confident female

D．her father considers her that way

答案：C　推理判断题。根据第二段以及最后一段中的“The implication is that women shouldn't present themselves as powerful and confident”可知，人们认为女性不应该具有影响力和自信，如果有影响力并且自信，就会被认为是bossy。故选C。

3．The underlined part “under fire” most probably  means  ________.

A．definitely replaced  B．strongly criticized

C．improperly applied  D．eagerly expected

答案：B　词义猜测题。根据下文可知，pushy是另一个被用来批评女性的词，所以不仅仅是bossy被强烈批评。故选B。

4．How does the author sound when referring to the campaign against “bossy”？

A．Objective.  B．Angry.

C．Doubtful.  D．Optimistic.

答案：A　推理判断题。根据文章最后“I think it's impossible to ban a word, but if people are replacing it with words like ‘confidence’ or assertiveness', we would all be in a much better place.”可知，作者对待这件事情的态度是客观的。故选A。

B

The British are known for their sense of humor. However, it is often difficult for foreigners to understand their jokes. The main point to remember is that the British often use understatement. 

Understatement means saying less than you think or feel. For example, if someone gets very wet in a shower of rain, he might say, “It's a little damp (潮湿的) outside.” Or, if someone is very impolite and shouts at another person, someone else might say, “She isn't exactly friendly.” Understatement is often used in unpleasant situation or to make another person look silly. Understatement plays an important part in British humor.

Another key to understanding British humor is that the British like to make fun of themselves as well as others. They often laugh about the silly and unpleasant things that happen to our everyday life when someone accidentally falls over in the street. They also like to make jokes about people from different classes of society. They like to make jokes about their accents, the way they dress and the way they behave. What's more, the British love to watch comedies about people who do not know how to behave in society. The comedies series Mr Bean is a good example of this kind of humor.

Mr Bean is the character created by British actor Rowan Atkinson in 1990. Mr Bean doesn't talk often, and instead he uses his body movement and facial expressions to make people laugh. Perhaps what makes Mr Bean so funny is that he does things that adults in the real world cannot do. Mr Bean is popular in many countries around the world because you do not have to speak English to understand the humor. Because of this, many people have become familiar with the British sense of humor.

篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国人幽默的关键点是喜欢轻描淡写和开自己和他人的玩笑。

5．Why is it difficult for foreigners to understand British jokes?

A．The British often enlarge the fact.

B．British jokes are connected with many different cultures.

C．The British try to make out that something is less important than it is.

D．British jokes are not as funny as jokes in other countries.

答案：C　细节理解题。由第一段最后两句及第二段第一句可知，英式玩笑难理解是因为英国人喜欢轻描淡写地描述事情。故选C。

6．The author explains understatement by ________.

A．using examples

B．making comparisons  

C．following time order

D．describing a process

答案：A　推理判断题。由第二段中的“For example”可推断出作者通过举例来解释“有保留的陈述”。故选A。

7．Mr Bean makes people laugh by ________.

A．telling funny stories

B．making jokes about others' accents

C．copying how others behave

D．using his body movement and facial expressions

答案：D　细节理解题。由最后一段第二句“Mr Bean doesn't talk often, and instead he uses his body movement and facial expressions to make people laugh.”可知，憨豆先生使用自己的肢体动作和面部表情逗得人们笑。故选D。

8．What can be the best title for the text?

A．British Humor in Comedy

B．Humor in Different Cultures

C．Developing Your Sense of Humor

D．Understanding British Humor

答案：D　标题判断题。由第一段最后一句“The main point to remember is that the British often use understatement.”和第三段第一句“Another key to understanding British humor is that the British like to make fun of themselves as well as others.”可知，这篇短文主要介绍了理解英国人幽默的两个关键点——喜欢轻描淡写和开自己和他人的玩笑。故选D。

C

There are some differences between American English and British English. Some differences are quite interesting.

When my friend Lily from London used the word “larder”， I didn't know what it meant. Realizing I didn't follow her, she used another word. I finally knew she wanted to find something to keep some food. The next word came up when we were planning a lunch date. She jotted_down the date and time in her diary, while I marked my calendar. If she called me on the phone, she would ring me up. But if the line was busy, she would say the line was engaged.

Most times, I can know what Lily means. Last week, she regretted sending her boys to watch an early morning tennis game without their fleeces. I thought that she meant without their jackets or something like those. Other times, we have to ask each other. She recently told me a funny tale about a woman who was pissed. I wondered what had made the lady angry. It turns out that pissed means drunk.

Here is one more example. My British friend Jane was filling out a ticket at the grocery store recently. She asked the young man if he had a rubber. When she noticed he didn't follow her, she quickly asked for an eraser, which, in England, is often called a rubber.

In order to communicate well with the British, we Americans should learn some words that the British use differently. And I think people who learn English as a second language should also realize that there are differences between American English and British English.

篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。作者通过生活中的一些例子告诉我们英式英语和美式英语在用词上的一些差异。

9．When Lily used the word “larder”， she was probably looking for a ________.

A．cup  B．ladder

C．cupboard  D．cooker

答案：C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“I finally knew she wanted to find something to keep some food.”可知，Lily(莉莉)在寻找一个可以储存食物的东西，cupboard “橱柜”，符合题意。

10．What does the underlined phrase “jotted down” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A．Wrote down.  B．Left behind.

C．Looked for.  D．Settled down.

答案：A　词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“in her diary”以及“while I marked my calendar”可知，Lily把日期和时间记在了日记本上。write down “记下，写下”。

11．Last week, Lily regretted sending her boys to watch a tennis game mainly because ________.

A．she thought the game was boring

B．she wanted to spend time with her boys

C．she didn't dress her boys in thick clothes

D．her boys got lost

答案：C　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“an early morning tennis game”和“I thought that she meant without their jackets or something like those.”可推断，Lily后悔送她的孩子们去看网球比赛是因为她没给孩子们穿厚一点的衣服。

12．What is the passage mainly about?

A．The British way of using words.

B．Some new words the writer's British friends taught her.

C．The reasons why Americans can't follow the British at times.

D．Some words used differently in British English and American English.

答案：D　主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了英式英语和美式英语在用词上的一些差异。故选D。

D

The Ig Nobel awards are usually known as the “Igs” and are given out every year at around the same time as the real Nobel awards. The “Igs” are given for achievements that “make people laugh, and then make them think\”. The name “Ig Nobel\” is a language joke. “Nobel” sounds like “noble”—meaning “very honored”. And Ig Nobel sounds like “ignoble” meaning the opposite of noble—that is, “not honored”．

According to Marc Abrahars, who co－founded the award in 1991, “Most prizes, such as Nobel Prize, reward the goodness of the people who receive them. These prizes are meant to honor the extremes of humanity—those whose achievements should be seen as very good.\”

“The Ig Nobel Prize isn't like that. The Ig honors the great confusion in which most of us exist much of the time. Life is confusing. Good and bad get all mixed up. If you win an Ig, it shows that you have done something. What that thing is may be hard to explain. But the fact is, you did it, and have been recognized for doing it.\”

The Nobel science prizes encourage us to think that all over the world great discoveries are being made that will do good to the whole world. But real science is not like that. The main job of science is to find out what is not true. This leads people into areas of research that seem completely senseless. Why did a team of Japanese scientists spend months trying to teach birds to enjoy the paintings of Picasso? Why did a Norwegian biologist start a project to encourage insects to drink beer? It is hard to say. But it won them all an Ig.

Sometimes science tells us things that we don't want or need to know. We don't want to know that falling in love and going mad are exactly the same as far as the brain is concerned. And we don't really need to know that worrying about money can cause tooth disease. Only the Ig award brought these great achievements to our attention.

篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了搞笑诺贝尔奖的相关信息，包括它的意义，创立的时间，创建者，这个奖项颁给哪些人以及它与真正的诺贝尔奖的区别。

13．What does the underlined word “that” in the 3rd paragraph refer to?

A．The prize meaning noble and honored.

B．The owners who are rare and talented.

C．The achievement seen as very good.

D．The biggest confusion in our life.

答案：C' 词义猜测题。由第二段最后一句并结合第三段首句可知，“这些奖项是为了表彰那些为人类做出奉献的人——他们的成就应该被视为人类的精华。”“搞笑诺贝尔奖不是这样的。”所以通过上下文的语境可以判断出，第三段画线词“that”是指“被认为优秀的成就”。故选C。

14．What's the author's attitude to Ig Nobel awards?

A．He thinks it's a foolish award.

B．He believes it's a funny joke.

C．He disapproves of its purpose.

D．He approves of its ideas.

答案：D'推理判断题。由最后一段最后一句可知，“只有搞笑诺贝尔奖让我们注意到了这些伟大的成就。”所以通过关键词“only, great achievements”可以判断出，作者对搞笑诺贝尔奖持支持的态度。故选D。

15．Why are there researches that seem completely senseless?

A．People need to make great discoveries.

B．People are encouraged by the great honor.

C．People love both birds and Picasso's works.

D．People want to know about the truth in life.

答案：D' 细节理解题。由倒数第二段第二至四句可知，之所以有些研究看起来毫无意义是因为人们想知道生活中的真相，而不是想知道全世界都在进行着伟大的发现。故选D。

16．The main difference between the Ig Nobel awards and the Nobel prize lies in ________.

A．how science should be made use of

B．how science should be thought of

C．how science should be developed

D．how science should be studied

答案：B'推理判断题。由倒数第二段前三句可知，通过诺贝尔将和搞笑诺贝尔将所关注的不同方面可以判断出，搞笑诺贝尔奖和诺贝尔奖的主要区别在于“如何看待科学”。故选B。

Ⅱ.语言运用

If I have learned anything in my fifteen years, it is that __1__ is very important when you get along with others. You need to let other persons know how you are __2__. When you are mad at your parents or anyone else, not __3__ to them doesn't solve anything.

When you return home, you can't just __4__ to your room and don't notice anyone. Even if you just say “Hi”， and see how their day was for five minutes, it is __5__ than nothing.

If you looked up the word “communication” in a __6__， it would say “the __7__ of ideas”. Let people know how you feel, even if it's just by writing a __8__.

When dealing with parents, you always have to __9__ them feel good about how they are doing as a parent. __10__ you are trying to make them see the things as you see it, tell them that you'll listen to what they have to say, but ask them __11__ to listen to you. Shouting or walking away only makes the __12__  worse.

In fact, communication isn't a one­way __13__： it goes both ways. Just remember: telling the other person how you feel. __14__， listening to others is another __15__ factor to communication.

篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章阐明了沟通与交流这一话题。旨在说明沟通的重要意义，让我们学会与人沟通！

1．A.education  B．character

C．choice  D．communication

答案：D　根据最后一段中的“In fact, communication isn't a one­way ... ”可知和别人相处时，交流(communication)很重要，故选D。

2．A.feeling  B．apologizing

C．applying  D．selecting

答案：A　交流是为了让别人知道你的感受(feeling)。故选A。

3．A.happening  B．arguing

C．pretending  D．talking

答案：D　根据上文可知不和他们说话并不能解决任何问题。talk to sb. “和某人谈话”，故选D。

4．A.wind up  B．go up

C．burn up  D．turn up

答案：B　根据下文“and don't notice anyone”可知不要径直走回(go up)房间，而不去关注其他人。wind up “使紧张”；burn up “烧起来”；turn up “出现”。故选B。

5．A.better  B．worst

C．steeper  D．sharper

答案：A　即使花5分钟了解一下他们的一天过得怎么样也比什么都不做要好(better)。故选A。

6．A.book  B．vocabulary

C．newspaper  D．dictionary

答案：D　根据“If you looked up the word”可知是在字典(dictionary)里查阅，故选D。

7．A.business  B．development

C．exchange  D．damage

答案：C　这里是解释字典里communication的意思：想法的交流(exchange)，故选C。

8．A.article  B．note

C．passage  D．letter

答案：B　句意：让别人知道你的感受，即使只是写个便条(note)。故选B。

9．A.get  B．force

C．help  D．make

答案：D　make sb. do “让某人做某事(或保持某种状态)”，是使役动词make的固定结构。句意：在与父母打交道时，你必须让他们对自己作为父母的表现感到满意。故选D。

10．A.When  B．If

C．Unless  D．While

答案：B　此处意为“如果(if)你试图让他们了解你看事情的方式”。故选B。

11．A.politely  B．quietly

C．loudly  D．quickly

答案：A　根据下文“Shouting or walking away only makes the __12__ worse.”可知需要礼貌地(politely)提出。故选A。

12．A.conclusion  B．situation

C．point  D．result

答案：B　句意：大吼大叫或者不理睬会让情况(situation)变得更糟糕。故选B。

13．A.edge  B．deal

C．line  D．agreement

答案：B　句意：事实上，沟通不是单方面的事情：它是双向的。deal “交易”，此处意为“事情”。故选B。

14．A.In other words  B．In all

C．At the same time  D．After all

答案：C　根据语境可知，这里介绍交流沟通的另一因素：倾听他人，和上文关于交流沟通的建议是并列关系，故选C。

15．A.key  B．opposing

C．confusing  D．unique

答案：A　结合选项可知，倾听他人也是沟通的另一个关键(key)因素。故选A。

Ⅲ.语法填空

English perfectly shows the “network effects” of a global tongue: the more people use it, the more useful it is. Parents expect their children __1__ (master) English, which is encouraging the __2__ (grow) of private schooling. Education authorities are switching to English medium, in part to control the outflow (外流) of children into the private sector.

Teaching children in English is fine if that is __3__ they speak at home and their parents are fluent __4__ it. But that is not __5__ case in most public and low­cost private schools. Children are taught in a language they don't understand by teachers __6__ English is poor. The children learn neither English nor anything else.

Research shows that children learn __7__ (much) when they are taught in their mother tongue than they do when they are taught in any other language. In a study of children in 12 schools in Cameroon last month, those taught in Kom __8__ (do) better than those taught in English in all subjects.

English should be an important subject at school, but not  __9__ (necessary)the language of instruction. Rather than switching to English­medium teaching, governments fearful of __10__ (lose) custom (光顾) to the private sector should look at the many possible ways of improving public schools.

1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________

5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________

9．________　10.________

答案：1.to master　2.growth　3.what　4.in　5.the　6.whose　7.more　8.did　9.necessarily　10.losing

◎每日新闻条

Shanghai_Oriental_Pearl_Tower started to receive tourists from Thursday. Tourists will be required to pre­book_tickets with their identity_certification online.Visitors should wear_face_masks,_take_body_temperatures and show a barcode indicating health status before entering the attractions.

上海东方明珠塔从周四开始恢复接待游客。游客将需要提前凭身份证明在线预订门票。进入景点之前应佩戴口罩，进行体温测量并出示表明健康状况的条形码。

【坚持积累】

①oriental/ˌɔːri'entl/adj. 东方的

②pearl/pɜːl/n. 珍珠

③tower/'taʊə(r)/n. 塔

④require/rI'kwaIə(r)/v. 需要

⑤identity/aI'dentəti/n. 身份

⑥certification/ˌsɜːtIfI'keIʃn/n. 证明

⑦barcode/'bɑːkəʊd/n. 条形码

⑧indicate/'IndIkeIt/v. 表明；显示

⑨status/'steItəs/n. 状况，情形

⑩attraction/ə'trækʃn/n. 游览胜地