人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 3 Environmental Protection同步练习题

SectionⅠ　ReadingandThinking

课后·训练提升

一、单句语法填空

1.The bird 　　　　　　　　　　(release) from the cage and flew away. 

答案was released

2.Buses run 　　　　　　　　(frequent) from the city to the airport. 

答案frequently

3.We had an anxious couple of weeks 　　　　　　(wait) for the results of the experiment. 

答案waiting

4.Before this play 　　　　　　　　　(broadcast) several cuts must be made. 

答案is broadcast

5.　　　　　　　(sustain) development is the common target of human beings. 

答案Sustainable

6.The swimming club is open to families in the neighbourhood without 　　　　　　(restrict). 

答案restriction

7.They got lost in the desert and starved 　　　　　　　death. 

答案to

8.Parents have a very great impact 　　　　　　　their children. 

答案on/upon

9.The fact 　　　　　　he was foreign made it difficult for him to get a job. 

答案that

二、句型转换

1.Nothing great was ever achieved if there is no hard work.

→Nothing great was ever achieved 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 

答案without hard work

2.Your success has resulted from your great efforts.

→Your great efforts 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　your success. 

答案have resulted in

3.He was considered to be a model teacher.

→He 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 

答案was considered a model teacher

4.He will be sure to pass the driving test.

→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　he will pass the driving test. 

答案There is little/no doubt that

5.The fire lasted nearly a month and left nothing valuable.

→The fire lasted nearly a month,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 

答案leaving nothing valuable

三、阅读理解

A

Rising sea levels,extremes of weather and more droughts and floods will all destroy the world’s energy systems as global warming picks up its pace,a new report has found.

Energy companies are quite often cited as part of the problem of climate change,generating the lion’s share of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions,amounting to around 60% of the total.But they will also suffer as global warming worsens.

Many large plants are particularly threatened by floods because they lack protection from sudden storms.Electricity distribution networks are also likely to be affected.

Christoph Frei,secretary general of WEC,said governments must play a key role in ensuring the world’s important infrastructure is protected.Climate change is certain to affect the energy sector.We need powerful policy frameworks to unlock the long-term investments that are urgently needed to deliver the future we want.Leadership will be required at all levels.

Despite efforts to increase energy efficiency,the amount of energy used globally is still set to rise.But the effects of this could be reduced if companies spend more energy on renewable and low-carbon forms of energy.

However,there is little sign so far that energy companies around the world have got this message.Fossil fuels continue to dominate new investment in energy generation capacity,according to the International Energy Agency.Besides,we have failed in creating a global price for carbon emissions,which could help to reverse this trend.

Another key focus must be energy distribution networks,according to the report,as new technology can be used to make them “smart”,saving energy by distributing energy from generators to users in more intelligent ways.

“The time has come to get real about the challenges facing the energy sector,” Frei said.

Philipes Joubert,executive chairman of WEC’s global electricity initiative,and former president of Alstom Power,said large companies are taking note.“Leading businesses in this sector are increasingly realising that business as usual is no longer acceptable.” 

1.The energy companies are also sufferers because　　　. 

A.they are responsible for climate change

B.their greenhouse gas emissions make up 60% of the total

C.some sudden natural disasters have a great effect on them

D.the government provides no protection for them

答案C

解析细节理解题。根据第三段首句“Manylargeplantsareparticularlythreatenedbyfloodsbecausetheylackprotectionfromsuddenstorms.”可知,一些突发的自然灾害对于能源公司有巨大的影响,故选C项。

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphraseinthelastparagraphreferto?

A.Noticing.　　　　　　　B.Missing.

C.Writing. D.Arguing.

答案A

解析词义猜测题。根据最后一段最后一句“Leadingbusinessesinthissectorareincreasinglyrealisingthatbusinessasusualisnolongeracceptable.”可知,这一领域的主要企业已经日益意识到常规生产是难以接受的。说明他们已经注意到了这一严重的问题,故选A项。

3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthepresentenergysystems?

A.Positive. B.Concerned.

C.Optimistic. D.Uncertain.

答案B

解析观点态度题。根据文章内容以及倒数第二段中的“Thetimehascometogetrealaboutthechallengesfacingtheenergysector”可知,作者对此还是很关切的,故选B项。

4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?

A.EnergyCompaniesAretoBlameforTheirBehaviour

B.RenewableandLow-carbonFormsofEnergyWillBeaTrend

C.EnergyDistributionNetworksMustBeSmarter

D.TheWorld’sEnergySystemsSufferFromClimateChange

答案D

解析标题归纳题。根据文章首段中的“Risingsealevels,extremesofweatherandmoredroughtsandfloodswillalldestroytheworld’senergysystemsasglobalwarmingpicksupitspace”可知,海平面上升、极端天气以及更多的干旱和洪水等自然灾害都在破坏着世界的能源系统,加速了全球变暖的进程。故选D项。

B

Gases,like black carbon,methane and ozone (臭氧) in city smog,are called “short-lived climate pollutants”,which exist both outdoors and indoors and decrease agricultural crops.

WHO says emissions from these climate pollutants cause many serious illnesses,including lung cancer.And these pollutants are responsible for many of the more than 7 million premature deaths each year that are connected to air pollution.

Maria Neira in WHO says the pollutants have a strong impact on climate change.But the good news is that they only stay in the atmosphere for a few days to 10 years.That is much shorter than carbon dioxide,a greenhouse gas that can remain for hundreds,or even thousands of years.

According to Maria Neira,when you address the short-lived pollutants,you can reduce emissions very rapidly,and then improve air quality.You will have an immediate reduction in the ill health and diseases because of the reduction of air pollution.

WHO has many available and affordable ways to reduce these short-lived climate pollutants.At the top of the list is cutting vehicle emissions by requiring higher emission and efficiency standards.More emissions are released when engines are running.

Indoor air pollution also contributes to poor health and premature death.WHO reports that nearly 3 billion low-income households rely on “dirty fuels”.Coal,wood and kerosene used for cooking and heating are examples.Cleaner and more efficient stoves and fuel alternatives could cut down on health risks.

Another way to cut back on these pollutants is to have more investments and policies for rapid transport.These include buses,trains,bicycles and pedestrian or walking routes.These investments could have many benefits,including safer travel,reduced health risks from noise and air pollution and more physical activity.

The WHO report also calls for encouraging high-income and middle-income populations to include more plant-based foods in their diets.It says this could reduce the risk of developing heart disease and some cancers,and could also slow the methane gas production that comes with some animal-sourced foods.

5.The “short-lived climate pollutants” are so called because 　　　. 

A.they cause many to die young

B.they exist shorter than the greenhouse gas

C.they live indoors for a short time

D.they have a short effect on people’s health

答案B

解析细节理解题。由文章第三段中的“Butthegoodnewsisthattheyonlystayintheatmosphereforafewdaysto10years.Thatismuchshorterthancarbondioxide,agreenhousegasthatcanremainforhundreds,oreventhousandsofyears.”可知,“短期气候污染物”是由于它们在空气中存在的时间比温室气体短而得此名。故选B项。

6.Theunderlinedword“address”inparagraph4means“　　　”. 

A.liveon B.talkabout

C.dealwith D.turnto

答案C

解析词义猜测题。由画线单词后的“youcanreduceemissionsveryrapidly,andthenimproveairquality.Youwillhaveanimmediatereductionintheillhealthanddiseasesbecauseofthereductionofairpollution”可知,这是解决掉“短期气候污染物”的结果。由此可推知,画线单词的意思是“处理掉,解决掉”。故选C项。

7.Whatcanbeinferredfromthewholepassage?

A.Richpeoplehardlyevereatplant-basedfoodsindailylife.

B.Noemissionsarereleasedfromstoppedengines.

C.Governmentsshouldtakemeasurestofightpollution.

D.Heartdiseaseandsomecancersarecausedbythepollutants.

答案C

解析推理判断题。由第五段中的“cuttingvehicleemissionsbyrequiringhigher...standards”以及倒数第二段中的“Anotherwaytocutbackonthesepollutantsistohavemoreinvestmentsandpoliciesforrapidtransport.”可推知,政府应该采取一些措施来治理污染问题。故选C项。

8.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthetext?

A.TheWaystoFightAirPollution

B.Reducing“Short-livedClimatePollutants”toSaveLives

C.SomeSourcesofSeriousAirPollution

D.AReportonPollutionfromWHO

答案B

解析标题归纳题。这是一篇说明文,文章前三段介绍了什么是“短期气候污染物”以及它们会给人类带来的危害,剩下的五段内容提出了解决方案。只有选项B中的“Short-livedClimatePollutants”可与本文主题“短期气候污染物”呼应,其中的Reducing也与最后几个段落中的解决方案呼应。故选B项。

四、写作

为了加强学生们的环保意识,防止全球变暖,美化自己的家乡,你校打算开展以“为家乡环保出谋献策”为主题的环保征文活动,警示人们要保护环境。请你写一篇短文,参加征文活动。

内容要点如下:

1.分析家乡环境问题的原因;

2.建设绿色家乡,建议采取什么措施(至少3点);

3.倡议大家行动起来。

注意:1.写作词数80左右;开头已给出,不计入总词数。

2.家乡的名称不要出现在作文中。

With the development of our economy,there are a lot of problems like _________________

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参考范文

With the development of our economy,there are a lot of problems like natural disasters,global warming,pollution and so on.It is mainly because of people’s behaviours. 

It is high time for us to take some effective measures.First,our government should do something to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.Besides,we should form a habit of saving energy such as turning off the tap after it is used,using public transportation and recycling the waste.In addition,we can plant trees to beauty our hometown.

Protecting the environment is a duty for everyone.Let’s spare no effort to make contributions to protecting the environment of our hometown.