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【同步讲义】人教版英语九年级全一册-Unit 11 课时3 Grammar 讲义
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这是一份【同步讲义】人教版英语九年级全一册-Unit 11 课时3 Grammar 讲义,文件包含Unit11课时3Grammar学生版docx、Unit11课时3Grammar教师版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源,其中试卷共21页, 欢迎下载使用。
Unit11 Sad movies make me cry.
目标导航
Grammar
使役动词
知识精讲
知识点01 概念及make的用法
概念:使役动词是表示使、令、让、帮、叫等意义的不完全及物动词,主要有leave(离开).get(得到).make(使,令),let(让),have(有;让;从事;允许;拿)等。
【句型剖析】make用作及物动词,在主动语态中的含义主要有:
1. 做;制作;制造
Can you make any mooncakes? 你会做些月饼吗?
make后可跟双宾语,间接宾语后移时一般用for引导。
My uncle will make me a kite. 叔叔将为我做一只风筝。
= My uncle will make a kite for me.
2. 使;使之
Have I made myself clear? 我讲清楚了没有?
3. 迫使;令
I don’t like milk, but she made me drink it. 我不喜欢牛奶,可是她强迫我喝。
4. 总计;等于
Two and two makes four. 二加二等于四。
5. 准备;布置;整理
You must make the bed after you get up. 你起床后必须整理好你的床铺。
6. 构成;组成;成为
Daniel scored another goal, but one player does not make a team. 丹尼尔又踢进了一球,但是独木不成林。
【即学即练】—Dad, it’s difficult for me to clean the whole yard on my own.
—Why not ask your brother for help? ________.
A.Every dog has its day
B.Many hands make light work
C.The early bird catches the worm
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——爸爸,我一个人打扫整个院子太难了。——为什么不找你哥哥帮忙?众人拾柴火焰高。
考查谚语。Every dog has its day风水轮流转;Many hands make light work众人拾柴火焰高;The early bird catches the worm早起的鸟儿有虫吃。根据“Why not ask your brother for help”可知,让孩子寻找哥哥帮忙,所以是众人拾柴火焰高,故选B。
【句型剖析】make用作及物动词,意为"使;让",在主动语态中其后要跟省略to的不定式作宾语补足语,而在被动语态中,to不能省去。
She was made to wait for over an hour. 她被迫等了一个多钟头。
英语中,类似于make这种用法的动词还有let,have,hear,see,watch,notice,feel等。
I saw him put the key into the keyhole, turn it and open the door.
我看见他把钥匙插进锁孔,转动钥匙,然后打开了门。
She was seen to go into the classroom. 有人看见她进了教室。
【即学即练】He was made ________ the room with his brothers yesterday evening
A.clean B.to clean C.cleaned
【答案】B
【详解】句意:昨天晚上他被迫和他的兄弟们一起打扫房间。
考查非谓语动词。make用于被动语态中要还原出to,be made to do sth“被迫做某事”,故选B。
【句型剖析】make用作及物动词,后接复合宾语,表示"使……成为……;使成为……"时,通常由形容词、名词、介词短语充当宾语补足语。
Loud music makes me uncomfortable. 吵闹的音乐使我不舒服。
【即学即练】—The boy lives a happy life, he is often heard ________ again and again.
—Laughing can make us ________.
A.laugh; relaxed B.to laugh; relaxed C.to laugh; to relax D.laugh; relax
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——这个男孩的生活很开心,能经常听到他一次又一次的大笑。——大笑可以让我们放松。
考查动词不定式。根据“ he is often heard”可知,该句为一般现在时态的被动语态,感官动词hear“听”和使役动词make“使,让”,主动语态省略不定式符号to,被动语态要补出不定式符号to;“让/使某人……”make sb+形容词。故选B。
【句型剖析】动词make的使役用法,make sb后分别接了形容词和不定式短语。make的这种用法常见于以下结构:
①make+名词/代词+省略to的动词不定式
My parents often make me do some other homework. 我父母常让我做些其他的作业。
特别提示:这一结构中的不定式短语在主动结构中是宾语补足语,必须省去to,变为被动结构时,不定式短语作主语补足语,这时必须带to。
She was made to work for the night shift. 她不得不上夜班。
②make+名词/代词+-ed分词短语
What made them so frightened? 什么使他们这样害怕?
③make+名词/代词+介词短语或名词短语
She made him her assistant. 她委派他做自己的助手。
④make+名词/代词+ 形容词或形容词短语
The good news made us happy. 这条好消息使我们很高兴。
⑤make +形式宾语it +形容词或名词(作宾语补足语)+从句(作真正的宾语)
They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job. 他们要向公众表明,他们所做的工作不但重要,而且是必不可少的。
【即学即练】He often tells funny stories and makes her grandpa ________.
A.laughing B.laughs C.laugh D.to laugh
【答案】C
【详解】句意:他经常讲有趣的故事,逗她爷爷笑。
考查非谓语动词。make sb do sth“让某人做某事”,省略to的不定式做宾补。故选C。
知识点02 have的用法
【句型剖析】1)have +宾语+do(省略to的不定式):表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事,宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系。
The rich lady had the singer eat with her servants.这位富有的女士让这位歌手和她的仆人一起吃饭。
I will have him come and help you.我会让他来帮助你的。
2)have+宾语+现在分词:表示让某人或物连续进行某动作或处于某状态中,宾语和宾补是一种主动关系。
The two cheats had the lights burning all night long.这两个骗子让灯整晚亮着。
He had us waiting for him three hours yesterday.昨天他让我们一直等了他三个小时。
I have them all talking to each other in English.我鼓励他们用英语交谈。
3)have +宾语+过去分词:表示主语的主观意志,即主语让别人为自己完成某事,宾语和宾补是动宾关系,还可以表示主语遭受到来利或不测的事。
Tom said he had had his TV set repaired.汤姆修了他的电视机。(别人修的)
Tom had his wallet stolen on the bus yesterday.昨天汤姆使他的钱包被偷了。(别人偷的)
4)have+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语作宾补
Please have your tickets ready.请准备好你的票。
The Emperor had nothing on.这位皇帝什么都没在做。
【即学即练】—What’s next?
—I’ll have Tony ________ you around.
A.to showing B.show C.showed D.shown
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——接下来做什么?——我会让托尼带你参观一下。
考查非谓语动词。have作为使役动词的用法为have sb. do sth.,意为“让某人做某事”,此处填不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,故选B。
知识点03 let的用法
【句型剖析】
1)let +宾语+do(省to不定式):表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事,宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系。
Let them stay in the classroom and do their exercises themselves.让他们自己待在教室里做练习吧。
Let AB be equal to CD.假设AB等于CD.
2)let+宾语+副词/介词短语作宾补
Let me in and let them out.让我进来,让他们出去。
Who let you into the building?谁让你进到大楼里来的?
【即学即练】He is in trouble(有麻烦). Let’s ________ and help him.
A.go B.to go C.do D.to do
【答案】A
【详解】句意:他有麻烦。我们去帮助他吧。
考查非谓语动词。let’s do sth“让我们做某事”,此空应填动词原形,故选A。
知识点04 使役意义状态动词get, leave, set, keep, drive
【句型剖析】 get:使成为/变得某种状态或结果。
I can’t get the old radio to work.
我无法让那旧收音机工作起来。(接带to不定式作宾补)
Can you really get that old car going again?你真能让那旧车运转起来吗?
The farmer got his planting done before the rain came.那农民在雨季前完成了种植。
He got his wrist broken.他折断了手腕。(主语发生了不幸的事)
She soon got the children ready for school.她迅速使孩子们做好了上学准备。
【即学即练】 —Something seems to have gone wrong with the fridge.
—Don’t worry. I’ll get it ________ this afternoon.
A.repair B.to repair C.repairing D.repaired
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——冰箱好像出问题了。——不用担心。今天下午我去把它修好。
考查使役动词的用法。根据题干和语境可知冰箱拿去给别人修,用get sth. done.,表示某物被做。故选D。
【句型剖析】 leave:使保持/处于某种状态
Leave your hat and coat in the hall.把帽子和外套放在大厅里。
Did you leave the doors and windows firmly fastened?你把门窗紧紧锁上了吗?
Always leave things where you can find them again.总应把东西放在能再次找到的地方。
Who left that window open?谁让窗户开着?
Don’t leave him waiting outside in the rain.别让他在外面雨中等待。
Leave somebody / something alone.不要干涉某人或某事。
【即学即练】 —Shall I open the window for a while?
—It's better to leave it ______ now. There is too much pollution outside.
A.closed B.close C.opened D.open
【答案】A
【详解】句意“-我把窗开一会好吗?-现在最好不要开窗,外面有许多污染”。leave sth adj用形容词作宾语补足语,“让……保持……状态”。根据句意可知,表示关窗。closed关闭的,故选A。
【句型剖析】 set:使某人或某物处于或达到某种特殊的状态或关系
set somebody at his ease 使某人安逸/舒适/心情放松
set something in order 使某物井然有序
set somebody free / at liberty 使某人获得自由,释放(犯人等)
It’s time we set the machine going. 是我们发动机器的时候了。
The news set me thinking. 这消息使我陷入了沉思。
He set the farm laborer to chop wood. 他让农场工人去砍伐木材。
I have set myself to finish the job by the end of May. 我决心于五月底前完成那工作。
set a thief to catch a thief. 以毒攻毒;令贼捉贼
【即学即练】—I am shocked by Japan’s plan to dump(倾倒)nuclear water into the Pacific Ocean!
—So am I. As the saying goes, __________.
A.like tree, like fruit B.harm set, harm get C.out of sight, out of mind
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——我对日本向太平洋倾倒核水的计划感到震惊!——我也是。俗话说,害人反害己。
考查常识和习语。like tree, like fruit羊毛出在羊身上;harm set, harm get害人反害己;out of sight, out of mind眼不见,心不烦。根据“I am shocked by Japan’s plan to dump(倾倒)nuclear water into the Pacific Ocean”可知,日本向太平洋倾倒核水的行为既会伤害别的国家也会伤害自己,故选B。
【句型剖析】drive:使某人处于某状态,迫使某人做某事
Failure drove him to despair / desperation. 失败使他绝望。
You’ll drive me mad / to my wits’end. 你会把我气疯的。/ 你会使我穷尽应付的。
Hunger drove him to steal. = He was driven by hunger to steal.他为饥饿所迫而偷窃。
【即学即练】—You look so tired. What’s wrong?
—I couldn’t sleep well last night. The noise outside my house almost drove me mad.
A.made me drive crazily B.made me awake C.made me crazy
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你看起来那么累。怎么了?——昨晚我没能睡好。我的房子外面的噪音几乎使我发狂。
考查动词短语辨析。made me drive crazily使我疯狂地开车;made me awake使我清醒;made me crazy使我发疯,使我受不了。 根据“I couldn’t sleep well last night”可知drove me mad.的意思是“使我发疯,受不了”,故选C。
【句型剖析】keep:使某人或某物保持某种状态
You should keep the children quiet. 你要使孩子们静下来。
The cold weather kept us indoors. 寒冷的天气使我们待在家里。
If your hands are cold, keep them in your pockets. 如果你手冷,把它们放在口袋里。
Will they keep me in prison / custody. 他们会监禁/拘留我吗?
I’m sorry I’ve kept you waiting. 很报歉让你久等了。
The doctors managed to keep me going. 医生们设法让我活下去。
【即学即练】We often exercise to keep ________.
A.health B.healthy C.healthily D.unhealthy
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我们经常锻炼来保持健康。
考查形容词作表语。keep后要用形容词作表语,可排除A、C项;根据语境及常识可知,锻炼是为了保持健康。故选B。
能力拓展
考法01 make相关词组
make a mistake 犯错误 make a noise 吵闹;弄出噪声
make a promise 答应;许下诺言 make a shopping list 写一个购物单
make a telephone call 打电话 make friends with 与……交朋友
make a contribution to 贡献给;捐献 make a decision 作出决定
make a face 做鬼脸 make a living 谋生;维持生活
make fun of 取笑;嘲笑 make it 约定时间;做到;按时到达
make money 赚钱 make one’s bed 铺床;收拾床铺
make one’s way to 往……走 make out 证明;认出;填写
make room for 为……让地方 make sure 确信;务必;弄清楚
make up one’s mind 下定决心 make up 弥补;构成;编造
make ... into 把……变成
【典例】It's not good to make ________ of her.
A.wrong B.fun C.bad D.funny
【答案】B
【详解】句意:取笑她是不好的。
考查固定搭配。wrong错误的,形容词;fun乐趣,玩笑,名词;bad坏的,形容词;funny有趣的,形容词。make fun of sb.取笑某人,固定搭配。故选B。
分层提分
题组A 基础过关练
1.(2021·西藏·中考真题)His cousin is a humorous man. He makes us ________ all the time.
A.laughs B.laughing C.to laugh D.laugh
【答案】D
【详解】句意:他的表兄是个幽默的人。他总是使我们开怀大笑。
考查非谓语动词。“make sb. do sth.”意为“使某人做某事”,结合此句型可知,“使某人大笑”为“make sb. laugh”,故选D。
2.(2017·山东济南·中考真题)Last night, I found a photo in an old book. It made me ________ of my primary school life.
A.think B.thinking C.thought D.to think
【答案】A
【详解】句意:昨晚,我在一本旧书中发现了一张照片。它让我想起了我的小学生活。
考查非谓语动词的用法。根据“It made me...of my primary school life.”可知,使役动词make后接省略to的动词不定式,在句中作宾语补足语,即make sb. do sth.,表示“让某人做某事”。故选A。
3.(2018·甘肃天水·中考真题)His joke is ________ to make us all ________.
A.enough funny; laugh B.funny enough; laugh
C.enough funny; to laugh D.funny enough; to laugh
【答案】B
【详解】句意:他的笑话十分搞笑,使我们大家都笑了起来。
考查副词和非谓语动词的用法。enough在这里用作副词,意为“足够地”,可修饰形容词或副词,要放在所修饰的形容词或副词之后,故第一个空用funny enough;使役动词make后跟省略to的动词不定式,在句中作宾语补足语,即make sb. do sth.,意为“让某人做某事”,故第二个空用laugh。故选B。
4.(2021·辽宁丹东·中考真题)Turn the world into a big family, and we’ll make people’s wish ________ true earlier.
A.comes B.will come C.come D.to come
【答案】C
【详解】句意:把世界变成一个大家庭,我们会让人们的愿望早点实现。
考查make的用法。动词短语come true意为“实现”,不及物动词,没有被动语态,此处位于“make sth. do sth.”结构中,故动词come应用原形。故选C。
5.(2021·湖南岳阳·中考真题)The socialist new countryside (社会主义新农村)makes farmers ________their living conditions.
A.to improve B.improve C.improving
【答案】B
【详解】句意:社会主义新农村改善了农民的生活条件。
考查非谓语动词。make sb do sth“使某人做某事”,省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,故选B。
6.(2020·黑龙江大庆·中考真题)— What's next?
— I'll have Tony ________ you around.
A.to show B.show C.showed D.shown
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——下一步是什么?——我会让Tony带你转转。
考查非谓语。to show 动词不定式;show 动词原形;showed 动词过去式/过去分词;shown 动词过去分词。have sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事” have在此处是使役动词,意为“使;让”,后跟省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。故选B。
7.(2020·贵州铜仁·中考真题)—Look! Kangkang, that old man is crossing the crosswalk.
—Jane, let’s________ him.
A.helps B.to help C.helping D.help
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——康康快看! 那个老人正在过马路。——简,让我们去帮他。
考查非谓语动词。helps帮助,第三人称单数;to help不定式;helping动名词;help动词原形。根据“让某人做某事let sb do sth.”,故选D。
8.(2022·湖南湘西·模拟预测)—What’s up, Amy?
—Sad movies make me ________.
A.cry B.to cry C.crying
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——怎么了,艾米?——悲伤的电影使我哭泣了。
考查非谓语动词。固定短语make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”。故选A。
9.(2022·四川乐山·二模)________ you hate me, please don’t let Tony ________ to me like that.
A.No matter how much;speak
B.No wonder;to speak
C.No matter what;speaking
【答案】A
【详解】句意:不管你多么恨我,请不要让托尼那样对我说话。
考查“no matter +疑问词”和使役动词let。第一空后“you hate me”,此处指的是程度,故应用how much,并应用no matter引导让步状语从句;使役动词let常用于“let sb. do sth.”结构,故选A。
10.(2022·上海金山·一模)Jack tried his best to make his comic strips ________ to life.
A.come B.came C.coming D.to come
【答案】A
【详解】句意:杰克尽最大努力使他的连环画栩栩如生。
考查非谓语动词。make sth. do sth.为固定搭配,意为“让某物做某事”,在主动语态里面,使用省略to的动词不定式(即动词原形)作宾语补足语。故选A。
题组B 能力提升练
11.(2021·甘肃兰州·中考真题)Let’s __________ (cheer)up the sick kids in hospital together.
【答案】cheer
【详解】句意:让我们一起让住院的生病的孩子们振作起来。cheer鼓励;let sb. do sth.表示“让某人做某事”,此处填动词原形。故填cheer。
12.(2022·甘肃庆阳·二模)I made faces and made everyone __________ (laugh) just now.
【答案】laugh
【详解】句意:我刚才做了鬼脸,让大家都笑了。句中and后的动词made是使役动词,后面的动词应该用动词原形,即:make sb. do sth.意为“使某人做某事”。laugh意为“笑”。故填laugh。
13.(2022·上海崇明·模拟预测)The terrible storm made the small fishing boats ________ in the big waves. (appear)
【答案】disappear
【详解】句意:可怕的风暴使小渔船消失在大浪中。根据“The terrible storm”和“ the small fishing boats”可知此处指“风暴使小渔船消失在大浪中”;disappear“消失”;make ... do sth“让……做某事”,可知填动词原形。故填disappear。
14.(2022·江苏江苏·二模)Would you please speak louder to make yourself ________? (understand)
【答案】understood
【详解】句意:请你大声一点,让别人明白你的意思好吗?understand“理解,懂得”,是动词。固定短语make sb. done“使某人被……”,动词用过去分词。故填understood。
15.(2022·上海·模拟预测)We need to make the club ________ to more young people. (attract)
【答案】attractive
【详解】句意:我们要让这个俱乐部吸引更多的年轻人。make sth.+adj,表示“使某物怎么样”,所以动词attract要用其形容词形式。故填attractive。
16.(2022·湖北黄冈·模拟预测)Tom’s uncle is good at English, so he can easily make himself _________ when traveling to America. (understand)
【答案】understood
【详解】句意:汤姆的叔叔擅长英语,当去美国旅游时,他能很容易地使别人理解他的话。根据make sb/sth done“使某人或某事被做”可知,故填understood。
17.(2022·江苏扬州·二模)He had his car ________ (repair) on his way to the party, so he was late that day.
【答案】repaired
【详解】句意:他在去参加聚会的路上让人修理了他的汽车,所以他那天迟到了。have sth done“让人做某事”,此处表示“让人修理了他的汽车”。故填repaired。
18.(2020·辽宁盘锦·模拟预测)Doing sports can make people __________(relax)
【答案】relaxed
【详解】句意:进行体育锻炼能让人们感到放松。relax放松、休息,动词。根据“doing sports”可知,“进行体育锻炼能让人们感到放松”。make +直接宾语+宾语补足语(名词、形容词、不带to的不定式、过去分词、介词短语等),固定搭配。relaxed(感到)放松的,形容词;而relax,没有此意义。故填relaxed。
19.(2020·甘肃庆阳·模拟预测)Tom is made_______(clean) his bedroom after supper.
【答案】to clean
【详解】句意:Tom晚饭后被迫去打扫他的卧室。
根据句意表示Tom被迫要去打扫卧室,make表示被动时,后面的动词前要还原不定式to。故答案填to clean。
20.(2020·上海青浦·二模)Do you know what makes so many planes and ships _________ in Bermuda Triangle(百慕大三角)(appear)
【答案】disappear
【详解】句意:你知道是什么导致如此多的飞机和船只在百慕大三角失踪吗?
“百慕大三角”因“吞噬无数飞机和船只”而出名,被称为“死亡三角”,结合句意,这里应该填appear的反义词disappear,又因make是使役动词,其后跟省略to的不定式作宾语补足语,故答案为disappear。
题组C 培优拔尖练
21.(2022·内蒙古通辽·中考真题)无论我走到哪里,没有什么能把我和我的祖国分开。
Wherever I go, nothing can make me ________ ________ my motherland.
【答案】 separate from
【详解】“与……分离”为separate from;又因为make sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”,故填separate; from。
22.(2020·陕西·中考真题)雨越来越大了,小心开车。
It’s raining more and more heavily. Let’s _________________________.
【答案】drive (more) carefully
【详解】根据题干中汉英对比可知要翻译“小心开车”。开车drive,let后接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语;“小心”在句中修饰drive,用副词carefully,此处用比较级或原级均可。故答案为drive (more) carefully。
23.(2022·山东·枣庄市山亭区教育和体育局教研室一模)等他如此长的时间使我发疯。
Waiting for him for such a long time ________ me ________.
【答案】 drove##made crazy##mad
【详解】根据语境可知,这件事应该已经发生,时态为一般过去时。drive sb. crazy/mad“使某人发疯”,固定短语,另外make“使”,也可以用于结构make+宾语+形容词,“使……怎么样”。故填drove/made;crazy/mad。
24.(2022·广东·广州大学附属中学一模)多好的天气!我们去一起去游泳吧。
_______ _______ weather it is! Let’s _______ _______ together.
【答案】 What good##nice##great go swimming
【详解】根据“weather it is”和“what+adj+不可数名词+主谓”可知,此句是由what引导的感叹句,位于句首,首字母大写;好的:good/nice/great;再者根据“let sb. do sth.”可知,第三空用动词原形;游泳:go swimming。故填What;good/nice/great;go;swimming。
25.(2022·辽宁大连·一模)让我们考虑一下食物吧!
Let’s _____________ the food!
【答案】think about
【详解】结合所给的英语句子可知,句子中缺少了“考虑一下”,其英语翻译为think about,“Let’s”后接动词原形。故填think about。
26.(2021·辽宁铁岭·一模)下雨天使我感到悲伤。
Rainy days ________ .
【答案】make me sad
【详解】使某人……:make sb.+形容词;我:me,宾格代词;悲伤的:sad,形容词作宾补。根据句意可知,句子是一般现在时,主语“Rainy days”是复数形式,故谓语动词用原形即可。故填make me sad。
27.(2021·湖北黄石·一模)均衡饮食可以使你保持健康。
________ a balanced diet can ________ ________ ________ healthy.
【答案】 Eating make you keep ##stay
【详解】均衡饮食:eating a balanced diet,动名词短语作主语,句首首字母e大写;使某人干某事:make sb. do sth.,情态动词can后加动词原形;你:you,宾格代词;保持健康:keep/stay healthy。故填Eating;make;you;keep/stay。
28.(2021·辽宁鞍山·一模)回忆有时令你嘴角上扬,有时也能让你潸然泪下。
Memories sometimes can make you smile, but it can as well ________.
【答案】make you cry
【详解】对比给出中英文可知,英文句子缺“让你潸然泪下”的表达。make sb do sth表示“让某人做某事”,动词“cry”表示“哭泣”,“你”用人称代词宾格“you”表示;“can”是情态动词,后接动词原形,故填make you cry。
29.(2020·山东枣庄·一模)不应当允许青少年扎耳洞。
Teenagers should not be ________ to get ears ________.
【答案】 allowed pierced
【详解】be allowed to do sth.“被允许做某事”;get ears pierced“打耳洞”,属于get sth. done结构,宾语sth.和宾补done之间是被动关系。故填allowed;pierced。
30.(2020·甘肃·金昌市第六中学模拟预测)他们总是让我等很久。
He always makes me ________ a long time.
【答案】wait
【详解】短语make sb. do sth.:让某人做某事;wait+时间段:等了多长时间。故答案为wait。
【点睛】wait st. for sb.:等某人等了多长时间。
Unit11 Sad movies make me cry.
目标导航
Grammar
使役动词
知识精讲
知识点01 概念及make的用法
概念:使役动词是表示使、令、让、帮、叫等意义的不完全及物动词,主要有leave(离开).get(得到).make(使,令),let(让),have(有;让;从事;允许;拿)等。
【句型剖析】make用作及物动词,在主动语态中的含义主要有:
1. 做;制作;制造
Can you make any mooncakes? 你会做些月饼吗?
make后可跟双宾语,间接宾语后移时一般用for引导。
My uncle will make me a kite. 叔叔将为我做一只风筝。
= My uncle will make a kite for me.
2. 使;使之
Have I made myself clear? 我讲清楚了没有?
3. 迫使;令
I don’t like milk, but she made me drink it. 我不喜欢牛奶,可是她强迫我喝。
4. 总计;等于
Two and two makes four. 二加二等于四。
5. 准备;布置;整理
You must make the bed after you get up. 你起床后必须整理好你的床铺。
6. 构成;组成;成为
Daniel scored another goal, but one player does not make a team. 丹尼尔又踢进了一球,但是独木不成林。
【即学即练】—Dad, it’s difficult for me to clean the whole yard on my own.
—Why not ask your brother for help? ________.
A.Every dog has its day
B.Many hands make light work
C.The early bird catches the worm
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——爸爸,我一个人打扫整个院子太难了。——为什么不找你哥哥帮忙?众人拾柴火焰高。
考查谚语。Every dog has its day风水轮流转;Many hands make light work众人拾柴火焰高;The early bird catches the worm早起的鸟儿有虫吃。根据“Why not ask your brother for help”可知,让孩子寻找哥哥帮忙,所以是众人拾柴火焰高,故选B。
【句型剖析】make用作及物动词,意为"使;让",在主动语态中其后要跟省略to的不定式作宾语补足语,而在被动语态中,to不能省去。
She was made to wait for over an hour. 她被迫等了一个多钟头。
英语中,类似于make这种用法的动词还有let,have,hear,see,watch,notice,feel等。
I saw him put the key into the keyhole, turn it and open the door.
我看见他把钥匙插进锁孔,转动钥匙,然后打开了门。
She was seen to go into the classroom. 有人看见她进了教室。
【即学即练】He was made ________ the room with his brothers yesterday evening
A.clean B.to clean C.cleaned
【答案】B
【详解】句意:昨天晚上他被迫和他的兄弟们一起打扫房间。
考查非谓语动词。make用于被动语态中要还原出to,be made to do sth“被迫做某事”,故选B。
【句型剖析】make用作及物动词,后接复合宾语,表示"使……成为……;使成为……"时,通常由形容词、名词、介词短语充当宾语补足语。
Loud music makes me uncomfortable. 吵闹的音乐使我不舒服。
【即学即练】—The boy lives a happy life, he is often heard ________ again and again.
—Laughing can make us ________.
A.laugh; relaxed B.to laugh; relaxed C.to laugh; to relax D.laugh; relax
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——这个男孩的生活很开心,能经常听到他一次又一次的大笑。——大笑可以让我们放松。
考查动词不定式。根据“ he is often heard”可知,该句为一般现在时态的被动语态,感官动词hear“听”和使役动词make“使,让”,主动语态省略不定式符号to,被动语态要补出不定式符号to;“让/使某人……”make sb+形容词。故选B。
【句型剖析】动词make的使役用法,make sb后分别接了形容词和不定式短语。make的这种用法常见于以下结构:
①make+名词/代词+省略to的动词不定式
My parents often make me do some other homework. 我父母常让我做些其他的作业。
特别提示:这一结构中的不定式短语在主动结构中是宾语补足语,必须省去to,变为被动结构时,不定式短语作主语补足语,这时必须带to。
She was made to work for the night shift. 她不得不上夜班。
②make+名词/代词+-ed分词短语
What made them so frightened? 什么使他们这样害怕?
③make+名词/代词+介词短语或名词短语
She made him her assistant. 她委派他做自己的助手。
④make+名词/代词+ 形容词或形容词短语
The good news made us happy. 这条好消息使我们很高兴。
⑤make +形式宾语it +形容词或名词(作宾语补足语)+从句(作真正的宾语)
They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job. 他们要向公众表明,他们所做的工作不但重要,而且是必不可少的。
【即学即练】He often tells funny stories and makes her grandpa ________.
A.laughing B.laughs C.laugh D.to laugh
【答案】C
【详解】句意:他经常讲有趣的故事,逗她爷爷笑。
考查非谓语动词。make sb do sth“让某人做某事”,省略to的不定式做宾补。故选C。
知识点02 have的用法
【句型剖析】1)have +宾语+do(省略to的不定式):表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事,宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系。
The rich lady had the singer eat with her servants.这位富有的女士让这位歌手和她的仆人一起吃饭。
I will have him come and help you.我会让他来帮助你的。
2)have+宾语+现在分词:表示让某人或物连续进行某动作或处于某状态中,宾语和宾补是一种主动关系。
The two cheats had the lights burning all night long.这两个骗子让灯整晚亮着。
He had us waiting for him three hours yesterday.昨天他让我们一直等了他三个小时。
I have them all talking to each other in English.我鼓励他们用英语交谈。
3)have +宾语+过去分词:表示主语的主观意志,即主语让别人为自己完成某事,宾语和宾补是动宾关系,还可以表示主语遭受到来利或不测的事。
Tom said he had had his TV set repaired.汤姆修了他的电视机。(别人修的)
Tom had his wallet stolen on the bus yesterday.昨天汤姆使他的钱包被偷了。(别人偷的)
4)have+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语作宾补
Please have your tickets ready.请准备好你的票。
The Emperor had nothing on.这位皇帝什么都没在做。
【即学即练】—What’s next?
—I’ll have Tony ________ you around.
A.to showing B.show C.showed D.shown
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——接下来做什么?——我会让托尼带你参观一下。
考查非谓语动词。have作为使役动词的用法为have sb. do sth.,意为“让某人做某事”,此处填不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,故选B。
知识点03 let的用法
【句型剖析】
1)let +宾语+do(省to不定式):表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事,宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系。
Let them stay in the classroom and do their exercises themselves.让他们自己待在教室里做练习吧。
Let AB be equal to CD.假设AB等于CD.
2)let+宾语+副词/介词短语作宾补
Let me in and let them out.让我进来,让他们出去。
Who let you into the building?谁让你进到大楼里来的?
【即学即练】He is in trouble(有麻烦). Let’s ________ and help him.
A.go B.to go C.do D.to do
【答案】A
【详解】句意:他有麻烦。我们去帮助他吧。
考查非谓语动词。let’s do sth“让我们做某事”,此空应填动词原形,故选A。
知识点04 使役意义状态动词get, leave, set, keep, drive
【句型剖析】 get:使成为/变得某种状态或结果。
I can’t get the old radio to work.
我无法让那旧收音机工作起来。(接带to不定式作宾补)
Can you really get that old car going again?你真能让那旧车运转起来吗?
The farmer got his planting done before the rain came.那农民在雨季前完成了种植。
He got his wrist broken.他折断了手腕。(主语发生了不幸的事)
She soon got the children ready for school.她迅速使孩子们做好了上学准备。
【即学即练】 —Something seems to have gone wrong with the fridge.
—Don’t worry. I’ll get it ________ this afternoon.
A.repair B.to repair C.repairing D.repaired
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——冰箱好像出问题了。——不用担心。今天下午我去把它修好。
考查使役动词的用法。根据题干和语境可知冰箱拿去给别人修,用get sth. done.,表示某物被做。故选D。
【句型剖析】 leave:使保持/处于某种状态
Leave your hat and coat in the hall.把帽子和外套放在大厅里。
Did you leave the doors and windows firmly fastened?你把门窗紧紧锁上了吗?
Always leave things where you can find them again.总应把东西放在能再次找到的地方。
Who left that window open?谁让窗户开着?
Don’t leave him waiting outside in the rain.别让他在外面雨中等待。
Leave somebody / something alone.不要干涉某人或某事。
【即学即练】 —Shall I open the window for a while?
—It's better to leave it ______ now. There is too much pollution outside.
A.closed B.close C.opened D.open
【答案】A
【详解】句意“-我把窗开一会好吗?-现在最好不要开窗,外面有许多污染”。leave sth adj用形容词作宾语补足语,“让……保持……状态”。根据句意可知,表示关窗。closed关闭的,故选A。
【句型剖析】 set:使某人或某物处于或达到某种特殊的状态或关系
set somebody at his ease 使某人安逸/舒适/心情放松
set something in order 使某物井然有序
set somebody free / at liberty 使某人获得自由,释放(犯人等)
It’s time we set the machine going. 是我们发动机器的时候了。
The news set me thinking. 这消息使我陷入了沉思。
He set the farm laborer to chop wood. 他让农场工人去砍伐木材。
I have set myself to finish the job by the end of May. 我决心于五月底前完成那工作。
set a thief to catch a thief. 以毒攻毒;令贼捉贼
【即学即练】—I am shocked by Japan’s plan to dump(倾倒)nuclear water into the Pacific Ocean!
—So am I. As the saying goes, __________.
A.like tree, like fruit B.harm set, harm get C.out of sight, out of mind
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——我对日本向太平洋倾倒核水的计划感到震惊!——我也是。俗话说,害人反害己。
考查常识和习语。like tree, like fruit羊毛出在羊身上;harm set, harm get害人反害己;out of sight, out of mind眼不见,心不烦。根据“I am shocked by Japan’s plan to dump(倾倒)nuclear water into the Pacific Ocean”可知,日本向太平洋倾倒核水的行为既会伤害别的国家也会伤害自己,故选B。
【句型剖析】drive:使某人处于某状态,迫使某人做某事
Failure drove him to despair / desperation. 失败使他绝望。
You’ll drive me mad / to my wits’end. 你会把我气疯的。/ 你会使我穷尽应付的。
Hunger drove him to steal. = He was driven by hunger to steal.他为饥饿所迫而偷窃。
【即学即练】—You look so tired. What’s wrong?
—I couldn’t sleep well last night. The noise outside my house almost drove me mad.
A.made me drive crazily B.made me awake C.made me crazy
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你看起来那么累。怎么了?——昨晚我没能睡好。我的房子外面的噪音几乎使我发狂。
考查动词短语辨析。made me drive crazily使我疯狂地开车;made me awake使我清醒;made me crazy使我发疯,使我受不了。 根据“I couldn’t sleep well last night”可知drove me mad.的意思是“使我发疯,受不了”,故选C。
【句型剖析】keep:使某人或某物保持某种状态
You should keep the children quiet. 你要使孩子们静下来。
The cold weather kept us indoors. 寒冷的天气使我们待在家里。
If your hands are cold, keep them in your pockets. 如果你手冷,把它们放在口袋里。
Will they keep me in prison / custody. 他们会监禁/拘留我吗?
I’m sorry I’ve kept you waiting. 很报歉让你久等了。
The doctors managed to keep me going. 医生们设法让我活下去。
【即学即练】We often exercise to keep ________.
A.health B.healthy C.healthily D.unhealthy
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我们经常锻炼来保持健康。
考查形容词作表语。keep后要用形容词作表语,可排除A、C项;根据语境及常识可知,锻炼是为了保持健康。故选B。
能力拓展
考法01 make相关词组
make a mistake 犯错误 make a noise 吵闹;弄出噪声
make a promise 答应;许下诺言 make a shopping list 写一个购物单
make a telephone call 打电话 make friends with 与……交朋友
make a contribution to 贡献给;捐献 make a decision 作出决定
make a face 做鬼脸 make a living 谋生;维持生活
make fun of 取笑;嘲笑 make it 约定时间;做到;按时到达
make money 赚钱 make one’s bed 铺床;收拾床铺
make one’s way to 往……走 make out 证明;认出;填写
make room for 为……让地方 make sure 确信;务必;弄清楚
make up one’s mind 下定决心 make up 弥补;构成;编造
make ... into 把……变成
【典例】It's not good to make ________ of her.
A.wrong B.fun C.bad D.funny
【答案】B
【详解】句意:取笑她是不好的。
考查固定搭配。wrong错误的,形容词;fun乐趣,玩笑,名词;bad坏的,形容词;funny有趣的,形容词。make fun of sb.取笑某人,固定搭配。故选B。
分层提分
题组A 基础过关练
1.(2021·西藏·中考真题)His cousin is a humorous man. He makes us ________ all the time.
A.laughs B.laughing C.to laugh D.laugh
【答案】D
【详解】句意:他的表兄是个幽默的人。他总是使我们开怀大笑。
考查非谓语动词。“make sb. do sth.”意为“使某人做某事”,结合此句型可知,“使某人大笑”为“make sb. laugh”,故选D。
2.(2017·山东济南·中考真题)Last night, I found a photo in an old book. It made me ________ of my primary school life.
A.think B.thinking C.thought D.to think
【答案】A
【详解】句意:昨晚,我在一本旧书中发现了一张照片。它让我想起了我的小学生活。
考查非谓语动词的用法。根据“It made me...of my primary school life.”可知,使役动词make后接省略to的动词不定式,在句中作宾语补足语,即make sb. do sth.,表示“让某人做某事”。故选A。
3.(2018·甘肃天水·中考真题)His joke is ________ to make us all ________.
A.enough funny; laugh B.funny enough; laugh
C.enough funny; to laugh D.funny enough; to laugh
【答案】B
【详解】句意:他的笑话十分搞笑,使我们大家都笑了起来。
考查副词和非谓语动词的用法。enough在这里用作副词,意为“足够地”,可修饰形容词或副词,要放在所修饰的形容词或副词之后,故第一个空用funny enough;使役动词make后跟省略to的动词不定式,在句中作宾语补足语,即make sb. do sth.,意为“让某人做某事”,故第二个空用laugh。故选B。
4.(2021·辽宁丹东·中考真题)Turn the world into a big family, and we’ll make people’s wish ________ true earlier.
A.comes B.will come C.come D.to come
【答案】C
【详解】句意:把世界变成一个大家庭,我们会让人们的愿望早点实现。
考查make的用法。动词短语come true意为“实现”,不及物动词,没有被动语态,此处位于“make sth. do sth.”结构中,故动词come应用原形。故选C。
5.(2021·湖南岳阳·中考真题)The socialist new countryside (社会主义新农村)makes farmers ________their living conditions.
A.to improve B.improve C.improving
【答案】B
【详解】句意:社会主义新农村改善了农民的生活条件。
考查非谓语动词。make sb do sth“使某人做某事”,省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,故选B。
6.(2020·黑龙江大庆·中考真题)— What's next?
— I'll have Tony ________ you around.
A.to show B.show C.showed D.shown
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——下一步是什么?——我会让Tony带你转转。
考查非谓语。to show 动词不定式;show 动词原形;showed 动词过去式/过去分词;shown 动词过去分词。have sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事” have在此处是使役动词,意为“使;让”,后跟省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。故选B。
7.(2020·贵州铜仁·中考真题)—Look! Kangkang, that old man is crossing the crosswalk.
—Jane, let’s________ him.
A.helps B.to help C.helping D.help
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——康康快看! 那个老人正在过马路。——简,让我们去帮他。
考查非谓语动词。helps帮助,第三人称单数;to help不定式;helping动名词;help动词原形。根据“让某人做某事let sb do sth.”,故选D。
8.(2022·湖南湘西·模拟预测)—What’s up, Amy?
—Sad movies make me ________.
A.cry B.to cry C.crying
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——怎么了,艾米?——悲伤的电影使我哭泣了。
考查非谓语动词。固定短语make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”。故选A。
9.(2022·四川乐山·二模)________ you hate me, please don’t let Tony ________ to me like that.
A.No matter how much;speak
B.No wonder;to speak
C.No matter what;speaking
【答案】A
【详解】句意:不管你多么恨我,请不要让托尼那样对我说话。
考查“no matter +疑问词”和使役动词let。第一空后“you hate me”,此处指的是程度,故应用how much,并应用no matter引导让步状语从句;使役动词let常用于“let sb. do sth.”结构,故选A。
10.(2022·上海金山·一模)Jack tried his best to make his comic strips ________ to life.
A.come B.came C.coming D.to come
【答案】A
【详解】句意:杰克尽最大努力使他的连环画栩栩如生。
考查非谓语动词。make sth. do sth.为固定搭配,意为“让某物做某事”,在主动语态里面,使用省略to的动词不定式(即动词原形)作宾语补足语。故选A。
题组B 能力提升练
11.(2021·甘肃兰州·中考真题)Let’s __________ (cheer)up the sick kids in hospital together.
【答案】cheer
【详解】句意:让我们一起让住院的生病的孩子们振作起来。cheer鼓励;let sb. do sth.表示“让某人做某事”,此处填动词原形。故填cheer。
12.(2022·甘肃庆阳·二模)I made faces and made everyone __________ (laugh) just now.
【答案】laugh
【详解】句意:我刚才做了鬼脸,让大家都笑了。句中and后的动词made是使役动词,后面的动词应该用动词原形,即:make sb. do sth.意为“使某人做某事”。laugh意为“笑”。故填laugh。
13.(2022·上海崇明·模拟预测)The terrible storm made the small fishing boats ________ in the big waves. (appear)
【答案】disappear
【详解】句意:可怕的风暴使小渔船消失在大浪中。根据“The terrible storm”和“ the small fishing boats”可知此处指“风暴使小渔船消失在大浪中”;disappear“消失”;make ... do sth“让……做某事”,可知填动词原形。故填disappear。
14.(2022·江苏江苏·二模)Would you please speak louder to make yourself ________? (understand)
【答案】understood
【详解】句意:请你大声一点,让别人明白你的意思好吗?understand“理解,懂得”,是动词。固定短语make sb. done“使某人被……”,动词用过去分词。故填understood。
15.(2022·上海·模拟预测)We need to make the club ________ to more young people. (attract)
【答案】attractive
【详解】句意:我们要让这个俱乐部吸引更多的年轻人。make sth.+adj,表示“使某物怎么样”,所以动词attract要用其形容词形式。故填attractive。
16.(2022·湖北黄冈·模拟预测)Tom’s uncle is good at English, so he can easily make himself _________ when traveling to America. (understand)
【答案】understood
【详解】句意:汤姆的叔叔擅长英语,当去美国旅游时,他能很容易地使别人理解他的话。根据make sb/sth done“使某人或某事被做”可知,故填understood。
17.(2022·江苏扬州·二模)He had his car ________ (repair) on his way to the party, so he was late that day.
【答案】repaired
【详解】句意:他在去参加聚会的路上让人修理了他的汽车,所以他那天迟到了。have sth done“让人做某事”,此处表示“让人修理了他的汽车”。故填repaired。
18.(2020·辽宁盘锦·模拟预测)Doing sports can make people __________(relax)
【答案】relaxed
【详解】句意:进行体育锻炼能让人们感到放松。relax放松、休息,动词。根据“doing sports”可知,“进行体育锻炼能让人们感到放松”。make +直接宾语+宾语补足语(名词、形容词、不带to的不定式、过去分词、介词短语等),固定搭配。relaxed(感到)放松的,形容词;而relax,没有此意义。故填relaxed。
19.(2020·甘肃庆阳·模拟预测)Tom is made_______(clean) his bedroom after supper.
【答案】to clean
【详解】句意:Tom晚饭后被迫去打扫他的卧室。
根据句意表示Tom被迫要去打扫卧室,make表示被动时,后面的动词前要还原不定式to。故答案填to clean。
20.(2020·上海青浦·二模)Do you know what makes so many planes and ships _________ in Bermuda Triangle(百慕大三角)(appear)
【答案】disappear
【详解】句意:你知道是什么导致如此多的飞机和船只在百慕大三角失踪吗?
“百慕大三角”因“吞噬无数飞机和船只”而出名,被称为“死亡三角”,结合句意,这里应该填appear的反义词disappear,又因make是使役动词,其后跟省略to的不定式作宾语补足语,故答案为disappear。
题组C 培优拔尖练
21.(2022·内蒙古通辽·中考真题)无论我走到哪里,没有什么能把我和我的祖国分开。
Wherever I go, nothing can make me ________ ________ my motherland.
【答案】 separate from
【详解】“与……分离”为separate from;又因为make sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”,故填separate; from。
22.(2020·陕西·中考真题)雨越来越大了,小心开车。
It’s raining more and more heavily. Let’s _________________________.
【答案】drive (more) carefully
【详解】根据题干中汉英对比可知要翻译“小心开车”。开车drive,let后接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语;“小心”在句中修饰drive,用副词carefully,此处用比较级或原级均可。故答案为drive (more) carefully。
23.(2022·山东·枣庄市山亭区教育和体育局教研室一模)等他如此长的时间使我发疯。
Waiting for him for such a long time ________ me ________.
【答案】 drove##made crazy##mad
【详解】根据语境可知,这件事应该已经发生,时态为一般过去时。drive sb. crazy/mad“使某人发疯”,固定短语,另外make“使”,也可以用于结构make+宾语+形容词,“使……怎么样”。故填drove/made;crazy/mad。
24.(2022·广东·广州大学附属中学一模)多好的天气!我们去一起去游泳吧。
_______ _______ weather it is! Let’s _______ _______ together.
【答案】 What good##nice##great go swimming
【详解】根据“weather it is”和“what+adj+不可数名词+主谓”可知,此句是由what引导的感叹句,位于句首,首字母大写;好的:good/nice/great;再者根据“let sb. do sth.”可知,第三空用动词原形;游泳:go swimming。故填What;good/nice/great;go;swimming。
25.(2022·辽宁大连·一模)让我们考虑一下食物吧!
Let’s _____________ the food!
【答案】think about
【详解】结合所给的英语句子可知,句子中缺少了“考虑一下”,其英语翻译为think about,“Let’s”后接动词原形。故填think about。
26.(2021·辽宁铁岭·一模)下雨天使我感到悲伤。
Rainy days ________ .
【答案】make me sad
【详解】使某人……:make sb.+形容词;我:me,宾格代词;悲伤的:sad,形容词作宾补。根据句意可知,句子是一般现在时,主语“Rainy days”是复数形式,故谓语动词用原形即可。故填make me sad。
27.(2021·湖北黄石·一模)均衡饮食可以使你保持健康。
________ a balanced diet can ________ ________ ________ healthy.
【答案】 Eating make you keep ##stay
【详解】均衡饮食:eating a balanced diet,动名词短语作主语,句首首字母e大写;使某人干某事:make sb. do sth.,情态动词can后加动词原形;你:you,宾格代词;保持健康:keep/stay healthy。故填Eating;make;you;keep/stay。
28.(2021·辽宁鞍山·一模)回忆有时令你嘴角上扬,有时也能让你潸然泪下。
Memories sometimes can make you smile, but it can as well ________.
【答案】make you cry
【详解】对比给出中英文可知,英文句子缺“让你潸然泪下”的表达。make sb do sth表示“让某人做某事”,动词“cry”表示“哭泣”,“你”用人称代词宾格“you”表示;“can”是情态动词,后接动词原形,故填make you cry。
29.(2020·山东枣庄·一模)不应当允许青少年扎耳洞。
Teenagers should not be ________ to get ears ________.
【答案】 allowed pierced
【详解】be allowed to do sth.“被允许做某事”;get ears pierced“打耳洞”,属于get sth. done结构,宾语sth.和宾补done之间是被动关系。故填allowed;pierced。
30.(2020·甘肃·金昌市第六中学模拟预测)他们总是让我等很久。
He always makes me ________ a long time.
【答案】wait
【详解】短语make sb. do sth.:让某人做某事;wait+时间段:等了多长时间。故答案为wait。
【点睛】wait st. for sb.:等某人等了多长时间。
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