人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 2 Morals and Virtues课后练习题

Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures

[基础测评]

Ⅰ. 单句语法填空

1. A plane crashed into a hill, 　　　　(kill) all people in it. 

2. He woke up only 　　　　(find) himself in a hospital. 

3. Last night, there were millions of people 　　　　(watch) the opening ceremony live on TV. 

4. I found the girl 　　　　(play) the piano when I came in. 

5. Listen! Do you hear someone 　　　　(call) for help? 

6. They put the food out in their backyards and spend time in the nice weather, 　　　　(watch) birds. 

7. My friends usually take my likes and dislikes into consideration when

 　　　　(order), and I do the same for them. 

8. The robot is powered by a battery on its back, which can keep it 　　　　(operate) for an hour. 

9. 　　　　(ask) to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. 

10. 　　　　(clean) the rooms, we began to weed the garden. 

答案:1. killing　2. to find　3. watching　4. playing

5. calling　6. watching　7. ordering　8. operating　9. Having been asked　10. Having cleaned

Ⅱ. 根据汉语句意完成英语句子

1. 她由于身体虚弱而不能行动。

　　　　 　　　　, she couldn’t move.  

2. 他们不知道我的电话号码,无法跟我取得联系。

　　　　 　　　　my phone number, they couldn’t get in touch with me. 

3. 一般来说,女性比男性更有耐心。

　　　　 　　　　,women are more patient than men. 

4. 完成作业后,汤姆听了一会儿音乐。

　　　　 　　　　his homework, Tom listened to music for a while. 

5. 由于没有完成任务,他被老板解雇了。

　　　　 　　　　　　　　his task, he was fired by the boss. 

6. 有老师帮助她,她会把英语学好的。

　　　　 　　　　by the teacher, she will learn English well. 

7. 被翻译成很多语言,这本书在世界各地被广泛阅读。

　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　many languages, the book was widely read all over the world. 

答案:1. Being weak　2. Not knowing

3. Generally speaking　4. Having finished

5. Not having finished　6. Being helped

7. Having been translated into

Ⅲ. 同义句转换

将下列各句转换为动词-ing形式作状语的句子。

1. When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.

=　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　, I came across an old friend of mine. 

2. As I thought he might be at home, I called him.

=　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　at home, I called him.  

3. He sat on the sofa, and watched TV.

=He sat on the sofa, 　　　　　　　　.  

4. Her mother died in 1990, and left her with her younger brother.

=Her mother died in 1990, 　　　　her with her younger brother.  

5. If you use your head, you will find a way.

=　　　　 　　　　　　　　, you will find a way.  

6. I didn’t know his address; I could do nothing but stay at home and wait.

=　　　 　　　　　　　　　, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait. 

7. He hadn’t received his father’s letter; he decided to make a call to him.　

=　　　 　　　　　　his father’s letter, he decided to make a call to him. 

8. Although they knew the truth, they didn’t tell me.

=　　　　 　　　　　　　　, they didn’t tell me. 

9. Because he didn’t receive an answer, he decided to write another letter to him.

=　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　, he decided to write another letter to him. 

10. He hunted all the shops to look for a nice present for his mother.

=He hunted all the shops, 　　　　　　　　a nice present for his mother. 

答案:1. Walking in the street

2. Thinking he might be　3. watching TV

4. leaving　5. Using your head

6. Not knowing his address

7. Not having received 　8. Knowing the truth

9. Not receiving an answer　10. looking for

[提升测评]

Ⅳ. 语法填空

I take the train to work every morning.There is rubbish thrown away everywhere in the railway station, 1.　　　　 terrible smell is more than I can put up with. So I always try to rush through it. The other day I was trying to do so as usual 2.　　　　 something made me stop for a moment. I saw the most beautiful act of 3.　　　　 old lady walking in front of me. 

The old lady 4.　　　　 (support) by a white stick walked slowly as each step took some effort.She stopped near a rubbish bin and slowly placed her walking stick against it.With great 5.　　　　 (difficult) she bent down, picked up some rubbish with her left hand and threw it into the bin. 6.　　　　 all took her great effort. 

 I 7.　　　　(move) to see this old woman make such a great effort to keep even a small part of it clean!I couldn’t stop 8.　　　　(think) about that all day. 

 I want to follow her example.I hope people will do the same as I do. If everyone makes contributions 9.　　　　 protecting the environment, there will be less pollution and the world will become 10.　　　　(clean) and more beautiful. 

1. 解析:句意:火车站里到处都是被丢弃的垃圾,其难闻的气味让我无法忍受。分析句子可知,此处引导定语从句,先行词为rubbish,在从句中作定语。故填whose。

答案:whose

2. 解析:句意:前几天,我像往常一样试图这么做,突然有件事让我停了一会儿。be doing ... when ... 表示“正在做某事,这时……”。故填when。

答案:when

3. 解析:句意:我看到一位年迈的女士在我面前走出最漂亮的样子。结合句意可知,此处表示泛指,故用不定冠词, old为元音音素开头的单词。故填an。

答案:an

4. 解析:句意:这位年迈的女士用一根白色的拐杖支撑着,慢慢地走着,每走一步都很费力。分析句子可知,此处为非谓语动词作定语,lady与support之间是被动关系,故用过去分词作定语。故填supported。

答案:supported

5. 解析:句意:她好不容易弯下腰,用左手捡起一些垃圾扔进垃圾桶。分析句子可知,此处用名词作介词with的宾语。故填difficulty。

答案:difficulty

6. 解析:句意:这一切都花了她很大的努力。It takes sb ... 表示“花费某人……”,是固定句式。故填It。

答案:It

7. 解析:句意:我很感动地看到这位年迈的女士做出如此大的努力来保持它的一小部分干净!根据句意可知,表示“感动的”用过去分词作形容词,前面加be动词,讲述的是过去的事情,用一般过去时。故填was moved。

答案:was moved

8. 解析:句意:我整天都在想那件事。can’t stop doing不能停止做某事。故填thinking。

答案:thinking

9. 解析:句意:如果每个人都为保护环境做出贡献,就会有更少的污染,世界将变得更干净、更美丽。make contributions to为…… 做出贡献。故填to。

答案:to

10. 解析:句意参见上题。根据“and more beautiful”可知,空处填形容词的比较级。故填cleaner。

答案:cleaner

Ⅴ. 阅读理解

(2021·全国甲卷)

Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.

Let’s state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?

In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It’s said that history is written by the victors,and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different colour or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.

A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别) are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn’t take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.

Here’s the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素) like gender, race and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”

1. What does the author think of victors’ standards for joining the genius club?

A. They’re unfair.

B. They’re conservative.

C. They’re objective.

D. They’re strict.

解析:推理判断题。根据第三段尾句“When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.”可知,如果这些贡献是由俱乐部以外的天才做出的话,其中包括女性、不同肤色的人或者拥有不同信仰的人,这些天才是不被认可且会被他人排斥的。由此可推知,作者认为加入天才俱乐部的标准是不公平的。

答案:A

2. What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?

 A. They think themselves smart.

B. They look up to great thinkers.

C. They see gender differences earlier than boys.

D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs.

解析:推理判断题。A项:根据第四段第一句可知,研究发现,在六岁时,女孩子们不太可能说自己真的很聪明。B项:研究报告中并没有提到女孩子崇拜伟大的思想家。C项:研究报告中并没有提到女孩子们比男孩子们更早认识到性别差异。D项:根据第三段最后一句可知,以往的天才标准让许多在天才俱乐部之外的天才因为性别、肤色和信仰原因而不被认可;再根据第四段第一、二句,尤其是“Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief ...”可推知,女孩子容易被社会观念所影响。故选D。

答案:D

3. Why are more geniuses known to the public?

A. Improved global communication.

B. Less discrimination against women.

C. Acceptance of victors’ concepts.

D. Changes in people’s social positions.

解析:细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.”可知,不管天才身处何地,我们都能看到他们,这是由于网络的发展和持续的全球化交流。因此全球化通信交流的改善让更多的天才被公众所知。

答案:A

4. What is the best title for the text?

A. Geniuses Think Alike

B. Genius Takes Many Forms

C. Genius and Intelligence

D. Genius and Luck

解析:标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了人们以往对天才的定义存在一些歧视因素,说明了性别、种族、阶层等并非天才的决定性因素,天才的标准并不唯一。所以,“天才有多种形式”最符合文章主题。

答案:B