人教版新教材单元同步练习 选必三 Unit 3

第一部分 语言知识

PART 1Reading and Thinking

I.选用方框内合适的内容并用其正确形式填空（每项限用一次）。

1. The oil spill caused terrible damage to the ________ of the coast.

2. The new president is expected to pursue a(n) ________ of protecting the environment.

3. There's been an upward ________ in sales in the last few years.

4. These are some of the most ________ asked questions about the air pollution.

5. Carbon dioxide is an important greenhouse gas, which is ________ through human activities such as burning ________.

II.从a-e中选出与画线部分意思相近或相同的选项。

1. Whole communitiesstarved to death during the long drought.  ________

2. We musttake action to deal with the problem before it spreads to other areas. ________

3. Although human beings are a relatively young species, we havehad a huge impact on the planet we live.  ________

4. As an environmental conservation volunteer, Iseize every opportunity to educate people about environmental protection.  ________

5. Examples of natural events thatlead to air pollution include volcanic eruptions, forest fires, and gases given out by dead plants and animals. ________

III.根据括号内的汉语提示补全下列句子（每空一词）。

1. ________ ________ ________ ________ (减少温室气体排放) is the most urgent measure to reduce the risk of future disasters.

2. The strong and ________ ________ (详尽的证据) proved that some rare animals were killed in the nature reserve. 

3. Only the hope that the rescuers were getting nearer ________ ________ ________ ________ (支撑着被困的工人).

4. The speech on how to protect the earth ________ ________ ________ (现场直播) to several different countries.

5. There is talk of raising the admission requirements to ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (限制学生的数量) on campus.

PART 2 Learning About Language

I.找出与画线单词相对应的词性和英文释义。

1. Wetlands are environmentallysensitive areas.  ________

2. Heavy snow has caused totalchaos on the roads.________

3. Companies publishannual reports to inform the public about the previous year's activities.  ________

4. TheSichuan Basin is surrounded by mountains, which are higher in the west and north.  ________

5. This paper mainly emphasizes that a harmonious relationship should be established among man, nature and society.  ________

a. adj. friendly and peaceful

b. adj. happening once every year

c. n. a situation in which everything is confused and in a mess

d. adj. easily affected or damaged by something

e. n. a large area of the earth's surface that is lower than the surrounding area

II.将下列句子从直接引语变为间接引语。

1. “I visited my teacher yesterday,” he said.

→                                                                             

2. He asked, “Will you go fishing with me tomorrow?”

→                                                                             

3. I asked him, “Will you stay at home or go to the cinema tonight?”

→                                                                             

4. He said, “Let's stay here till the storm has stopped.”

→                                                                             

5. I asked her, “Where are you going?”

→                                                                             

6. “Don't touch anything in the lab,” he said to us.

→                                                                             

7. The old man said to me, “Please lock the door for me.”

→                                                                             

8. The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.”

→                                                                             

III.英汉互译。

1. They make proposals to reform the social security system.

2.昨天我向我的导师提交了水污染研究报告。

3.这位优秀的男孩代表学生参加了环境保护大会。

PART 3 Using Language, Assessing Your Progress & Video Time

I.根据下列各句句意以及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示词，写出该单词的正确形式。

1. I forgot to put the ________ (垃圾) out for collection this morning.

2. However, on closer ________ (检查), a number of problems emerged.

3. It's the large v________ of traffic in the city that is causing the problems.

4. Those were the years of private e________, when lots of small businesses were started.

5. According to the spokesman, d________ of people launched an initiative.

6. The regulation is set up to reduce s________ caused by cars.

II.用适当的介词或副词填空。

1. All the old furniture has been disposed ________ and the room is very empty.

2. It is estimated that alcohol contributes ________ 100,000 deaths a year in the US.

3. There is no doubt that stress can lead ________ physical illness.

4. The government has set ________ a working party to look into the problem of drug abuse.

5. Keep on doing that and you'll end ________ in serious trouble.

III.根据括号内的提示翻译下列句子。

1.我们决定不再容忍这种情形。(tolerate)

2.为恢复河流的原始之美，政府采取了措施。(restore)

3.上个月这家公司因违法处理废水被罚款。(fine, disposal)

参考答案

PART 1

I.1. ecology      2. policy    3. trend      4. frequently   5. released; fossil fuels

II.1-5 cdeab

III. 1. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions    2. comprehensive evidence 

3. sustained the trapped workers        4. is broadcast live

5. restrict the number of students

PART 2

I.1-5 d c b e a

II. 1. He said (that) he had visited his teacher the day before.

2. He asked me if / whether I would go fishing with him the next / following day.

3. I asked him if / whether he would stay at home or go to the cinema that night.

4. He advised us to stay there till the storm had stopped.

5. I asked her where she was going.

6. He told us not to touch anything in the lab.

7. The old man asked me to lock the door for him.

8. The teacher said (that) the earth goes round the sun.

III. 1. 他们提议改革社会安全体系。

2. Yesterday, I submitted the research report on water pollution to my tutor.

3. The excellent boy participated in the Environmental Conservation Conference on behalf of students.

PART 3

I.1. garbage / rubbish     2. inspection     3. volume     4. enterprise  

5. dozens               6. smog

II.1. of       2. to       3. to       4. up     5. up

III. 1. We decided not to tolerate this situation any longer.

2. The government took measures to restore the river's original beauty.

3. Last month the company was fined for illegal disposal of waste water.

第二步 知识应用

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Climate change is having an unexpected effect 1. ________ the diets of grizzly bears, 2. ________ could cause problems in the future.

Grizzly bears on Kodiak Island 3.________ (usual) eat salmon ( 鲑) at the beginning of the summer. When the elderberries ripen ( 变成熟) at the end of the summer, they eat berries instead.

Now, however, increasing temperatures mean the elderberries are ripening earlier. The bears have a(n) 4.________ (choose)— berries or salmon. They leave the streams full of salmon and stay in the hills eating elderberries instead.

“It's as if breakfast and lunch 5.________ (serve) at the same time and there is nothing 6. ________ (eat) until dinner,” said Oregon State University biologist William Deacy. “You have to choose between breakfast and lunch because you can only eat so much at a time.”

Berries are 7. ________ (high) in sugar than salmon. They contain less protein and are easier for the body to break down, and the bears are gaining weight as 8. ________ result.

The change in the bears' diet is also affecting the Kodiak Island ecosystem (生态系统). Normally the bears kill 75 percent of the salmon at the beginning of the summer. Now there are more 9.________ (survive) salmon.The forests are suffering from the lack of nutrients normally 10. ________ (provide) by the dead salmon.

参考答案

1. on     2. which  3. usually   4. choice  5. were served       

6. to eat 7. higher   8. a   9. surviving    10. provided

第三步 语篇特点
 

“原因—结果”语篇模式

“原因—结果”模式是一种常见的语篇模式。此模式有三种基本类型，即先因后果、先果后因以及因果链。“先因后果”的结构安排为因在前，果在后，文章的重点放在结果的预测上；“先果后因”正好相反，以描述结果开始，然后分析造成这个结果的种种原因，重点在分析原因上。

本单元课文就采用了“先果后因”的结构。文章第一段指出Earth is getting warmer and warmer，这是描述结果的部分。接着作者在第三段使用衔接过渡句Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temperature?由此自然地由结果描述转移到原因分析。

此外，课文中还有因果链结构。因果链是指一个原因引起一种结果，这个结果随后成为原因，产生下一个结果，以此类推，形成了链条。如第二段中：Experts claimed that low seaice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before就形成了一条因果链：climate change→ low sea-ice levels → the bear could not hunt seals。从全文来看，the “manmade” greenhouse effect → the rise in temperature of Earth's surface → an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide也是一条因果链。

课文中包含很多“原因—结果”模式的组篇词汇，如evidence, cause, impact, lead to, result in, affect。此外，这种模式的组篇词汇还有account for, answer, because, bring about, contribute to, due to, explain, reason, since, therefore, thus, why等。

第四步 主题写作

如何写关于环境问题的报告

写作任务

近日你的英语老师组织同学们展开关于你市环境问题的调研活动，请你用英文写一篇报告。内容包括：

1.环境问题；2. 采取的措施；3. 取得的结果。

注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

                                                                        _____________________________________________________________________

写作指导

一、审题定调

本写作要求写一篇关于环境问题的报告。报告须如实地反映客观情况，一切叙述、说明、推断须恰如其分。文字、用词应力求准确。

二、谋篇布局

本写作可分为三部分：

第一部分：明确环境问题——垃圾污染；

第二部分：采取的措施；

第三部分：取得的结果。

三、词汇储备

垃圾：trash / rubbish / garbage / waste

垃圾污染：garbage / waste pollution

垃圾分类：garbage / rubbish classification / sorting

回收箱：recycle bin

厨余垃圾：kitchen waste

可回收物：recyclable waste

有害垃圾：hazardous waste

生活垃圾：domestic garbage / waste

干垃圾：residual waste / dry refuse

湿垃圾：household food waste

未经处理的废弃物：untreated waste

固体废物：solid waste

四、组织语言

第一部分：明确环境问题——垃圾污染。

第二部分：采取的措施。

第三部分：取得的结果。

范文展示

普通范文

Nowadays, more rubbish is made in our city, like leftover food, waste paper, plastic bottles and batteries. It pollutes our environment seriously.

To solve the problem, the city government has called on people to sort their garbage. Domestic waste is divided into four groups: dry refuse, household food waste, recyclable waste and hazardous waste. With the new rules, people have begun to sort their garbage carefully, which has greatly reduced the amount of waste.

Garbage sorting helps us reduce waste and reuse available resources. Moreover, it helps us go greener and build a more beautiful city.

高级范文

At present, a great deal of rubbish is produced in our city, such as leftover food, waste paper, plastic bottles and batteries, which has had a bad impact on our environment.

To tackle this issue, the city government introduced the policy of rubbish classification. Domestic waste is classified into four categories: dry refuse, household food waste, recyclable waste and hazardous waste. Accepting the new policy, people have been carrying it out positively and strictly. As a consequence, the waste has been scaled down efficiently.

Not only can garbage sorting decrease our waste and recycle useful materials, but it can also facilitate a greener lifestyle and build a more eco-friendly city.