课时分层作业(一)

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1．The speaker announced(宣布) the establishment of a new college yesterday.

2．Another doctor examined(检查) her and could still find nothing wrong.

3．We waited and waited，she looked at me innocently(无辜地)．

4．She had no appetite(胃口)，and merely toyed with the bread and cheese.

5．These people lack all understanding of scientific(科学的) principles.

6．It was a question which deserved(应受到) serious consideration.

7．Tests include measurement(测量) of height，weight，and blood pressure.

8．The collector knew that he had latched onto a rare antique(古董)．

9．Scientists are trying to pull together disparate ideas in astronomy(天文学)．

10．She had been faithful(忠实的) to her promise to guard this secret.

Ⅱ.阅读理解

A

It is widely believed that humour is good for your health.However，most studies on humour and health show that by watching something humorous—comedy films，for example—you can just escape from the pain for a short time，or that humour just helps reduce signs of a disease.So far，no study has shown that humour can help a person recover from a serious illness.

One way to study the relationship between humour and health is looking at the health of people who use humour as part of their jobs: comedians and improv(即兴表演) artists，for example.Not only do they use humour as part of their work，but also they show the highest levels of humour ability.So if humour is really good for our health，we can anticipate that comedians benefit the most from it.

Although it is often said that humour can make people live longer，research has actually found the opposite to be true.One study found that comedians and humour writers actually died younger compared with other famous people who were not performers.However，these studies were somewhat limited，because most of the comedians were men and already dead.And many famous people often live very unhealthy lives，and the comedians might have died from reasons such as heavy drinking or smoking.

My colleagues and I decided to take a different way.We collected data(数据) from 491 improv artist students—224 women and 267 men—all alive.We compared this improv group with 795 non­comedians，who were matched in age，sex，and education.

We asked participants from both groups to tell us how many diseases they had had in the past three years and how long they had lasted.The improv artists reported that they had had many more diseases，and that these diseases had lasted longer compared with the control group.So our study adds further evidence to the conclusion made by the studies before.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了人们普遍认为幽默对我们的健康有益，但研究发现，幽默对我们健康的益处并没有那么大。

1．What do most studies on humour and health show about humour?

A．It doesn't really reduce signs of diseases.

B．It just helps reduce people's pain for a while.

C．It can't really make people feel comfortable.

D．It can help one recover from a serious disease.

B　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However，most studies on humour and health show that by watching something humorous—comedy films，for example—you can just escape from the pain for a short time”可知，幽默只能暂时帮助人们减轻痛苦。]

2．What does the underlined word “anticipate” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A．Predict.　　　　　　 B．Notice.

C．Understand.   D．Explain.

A　[词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“So if humour is really good for our health”可知，在这种情况下，我们应该“预测”喜剧演员从幽默中受益最大。]

3．What can we know about the improv artists from the author's research?

A．They had more unhealthy habits.

B．They benefited more from humour.

C．They were more likely to get diseases.

D．They did better in taking care of themselves.

C　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The improv artists reported that they had had many more diseases，and that these diseases had lasted longer compared with the control group.”可知，跟一般人相比，这些喜剧演员更容易得疾病。]

B

Aunt Fannie was Blueberry Jam Woman.Of course she wasn't really my aunt，and out of fear，I never called that to her face.The name always made my father chuckle(轻笑) and my mother look sternly(严厉地) at both of us—at me for being disrespectful，and at my father for encouraging my bad behavior.I enjoyed both reactions，so I looked for every opportunity to work for the name into conversation.

As a young woman，my mother had worked in the kitchen of a large Victorian farm house owned by Fannie Cratty.Fannie was the last of the Cratty line；she had never married，and had no living heirs(继承人)．My father once told me that it was because she was too mean to share her family wealth or pass it on.Aunt Fannie was noted for her jam，and for never sharing the recipe with another living soul.Even though my mother knew it by heart，as long as Aunt Fannie was alive，she never made the jam without Miss Cratty in our kitchen to direct the process and preserve the secret.

One year，after I had been particularly helpful with the jam­making process.Aunt Fannie gave me a quarter and then made me promise I would never spend it.“Hold onto this quarter，” she said，“and some day you will be rich.I still have my first very quarter.” It had obviously worked for her，so I put that 1938 quarter in a small box，put it in my dresser drawer，and waited to become rich.

I now have the blueberry­jam recipe and the quarter from Aunt Fannie.Neither has significantly contributed to my wealth，but I keep them to remind myself to hold onto the valuable things in life.Money can make you feel rich for a while，but it is your relationships，and your memories of time spent with friends and family，that truly leave you wealthy.And that is a fortune that anyone can build.

【语篇解读】　作者通过讲述Fannie姨妈和她的蓝莓酱配方，向我们说明金钱只可以暂时让人感觉富有，唯有和他人的关系以及和朋友、家人们一起度过的美好时光才会让我们变得真正富有。

4．Where did the “fear” mentioned in the first paragraph come from?

A．That year's blueberry harvest had been poor.

B．Aunt Fannie was too old to keep making jam.

C．The author's mother couldn't help Aunt Fannie harvest the blueberries.

D．The author knew it was impolite to call Aunt Fannie Blueberry Jam Woman.

D　[推理判断题。根据第一段中“Aunt Fannie was Blueberry Jam Woman.Of course she wasn't really my aunt，and out of fear，I never called that to her face.The name always made my father chuckle and my mother look sternly at both of us—at me for being disrespectful，and at my father for encouraging my bad behavior.”可推知，第一段提到作者出于“恐惧”，是因为作者知道称呼Fannie阿姨“蓝莓果酱女士”是不礼貌的。故选D。]

5．From the second paragraph we learn that         ．

A．Aunt Fannie had no children

B．Aunt Fannie was willing to share her recipe

C．the author often helped Aunt Fannie make jam

D．the author's mother always made the jam alone

A　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“she had never married，and had no living heirs.”可知她从未结过婚，也没有继承人。由此可知，Fannie姨妈没有孩子。故选A。]

6．What did the author's mother feel towards Aunt Fannie?

A．Disgusted.   B．Surprised.

C．Affectionate.   D．Disappointed.

C　[推理判断题。根据第一段中“The name always made my father chuckle and my mother look sternly at both of us—at me for being disrespectful，and at my father for encouraging my bad behavior.”以及第二段中“Even though my mother knew it by heart，as long as Aunt Fannie was alive，she never made the jam without Miss Cratty in our kitchen to direct the process and preserve the secret.”可推知，作者的妈妈不允许丈夫和作者不礼貌地称呼Fannie姨妈“蓝莓果酱女士”，以及虽然已经知道果酱的做法，还是要在Fannie姨妈在场的时候才制作这种果酱，可推知，作者的母亲对Fannie姨妈很有感情。故选C。]

7．What does the author try to tell us?

A．To make new friends easily.

B．Not to put a price on generosity.

C．Not to think of kindness as a burden.

D．To treasure the time spent with family and friends.

D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Neither has significantly contributed to my wealth，but I keep them to remind myself to hold onto the valuable things in life.Money can make you feel rich for a while，but it is your relationships，and your memories of time spent with friends and family，that truly leave you wealthy.And that is a fortune that anyone can build.”可推知，作者想告诉我们要珍惜与家人和朋友在一起的时间。故选D。]

Ⅲ.阅读七选五

Simple Ways to Build Trust

The most valuable thing you can have is trust.When there is no trust，it becomes hard to get anything done.  1   Then think of another one with very little trust.

Which one do you prefer?

We can all be better off with more trust in our lives.And I'm going to show you a few things you can do to build trust.

Be honest.Honesty is the basis of any relationship.Be true to your word and keep your promises.

Share honest information，even if it's to your disadvantage.

Ask open­ended questions.  2  Open­ended questions give your friends chances to tell you about themselves.Ask more questions based on the answers that you get.

Don't be perfect.There is always something fishy(可疑的) about someone who seems to have everything going for them.  3  This sends a message that you're not hiding anything and that you want to build trust.

Say what you mean.  4   When you build up a reputation of saying what you mean，people don't have to second­guess what you're trying to say.This helps you win trust.

Don't blame others.  5   Be brave to take responsibility and then decide what you're going to do next.Don't waste the present thinking about the past which can't be changed.A person that doesn't blame gets the trust of others quickly.

A．If you think it's a bad idea，say so.

B．When things go wrong，don't point the finger at them.

C．Value long­term relationships more than short­term success.

D．Don't waste your energy hiding your mistakes or weaknesses.

E．Think of one of your relationships where there is a lot of trust.

F．Learn more about your friends and be interested in their answers.

G．Trust may be the most important part in successful relationships.

【语篇解读】　文章主要介绍了建立信任的简单方法。

1．E　[根据后文内容“Then think of another one with very little trust.”句中含有then(然后，顺序副词)可知，设空句已经提及了“think of；trust”。选项E符合语境分析。故选E项。]

2．F　[根据空前小标题“Ask open­ended questions.”以及后文“Open­ended questions give your friends chances to tell you about themselves.”可知本段在讲述用开放式问题来了解朋友，选项F贴合主题，符合语境。]

3．D　[根据后文“This sends a message that you're not hiding anything and that you want to build trust.”可知，设空句应提及“hiding”，且对应该句中的主语“this”，选项D出现“hiding”，且整句为“this”指代内容，符合语境分析。故选D项。]

4．A　[根据小标题“Say what you mean.”可知，本段主要强调与人交流说话时要直接且真实。选项A贴合主题，符合语境。]

5．B　[根据小标题“Don't blame others.”可知，本段主要强调不要把错误指责到其他人身上。选项B贴合主题，符合语境。故选B项。]