Unit 2 Bridging Cultures 教学知识细解码

1．call vt.& vi.喊；命名；召唤；认为→recall vt.& vi.记起；回想起2．qualify vt.& vi.(使)具备资格；(使)合格→qualification n．(通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格；学历3．ambition n．追求的目标；夙愿；野心；抱负→ambitious adj.有野心的；有雄心的4．adapt v．(使)适应；改编→adaptation n．适应；改编本→adaptable adj.可适应的，有适应能力的5．comfort n．安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸 vt.安慰；抚慰→comfortable adj.舒服的→comfortably adv.舒服地；自在地→uncomfortable adj.不舒服的；不安的；不自在的→uncomfortably adv.不舒服地；不自在地6．participate vi.参加；参与→participation n．参与；参加7．present vt.提出；赠送；呈现 n．礼物；现在 adj.出席的；现在的；存在的→presentation n．报告；陈述；出示；拿出1．qualify vt.& vi.(使)具备资格；(使)合格①I won't qualify until next year.vi.具备资格②This certificate qualifies the products.vt.(使)合格③His past experience qualified him to handle such a delicate matter.vt.(使)具备资格2．comfort n．安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸 vt.安慰；抚慰①He has enough money so that he can live in comfort.n.舒服；安逸②She is enjoying the comforts of life.n.令人感到安慰的人或事物③I often take comfort from reading.n.安慰④The old lady often comforts those who are in trouble.vt.安慰；抚慰3．involve vt.包含；需要；涉及；影响；(使)参加①The demonstration (游行示威)involved 200 students.vt.涉及②The reforms will inevitably involve a lot of new paperwork for teachers.vt.需要③What kind of organizations will be involved in setting up these projects? vt.使参加Words And Phrases　adaptation n．适应；改编本(教材P14)　Although some foreign students live in campus accommodation，Xie Lei chose to live with a host family，who can help with her adaptation to the new culture.虽然有些外国学生住在学校宿舍，但谢蕾选择了寄宿家庭，他们可以帮助她适应新的文化。[例1]　This play by George Bernard Shaw is an adaptation of a classic Greek story.萧伯纳的这个剧本是根据一个古希腊传说改编的。[例2]　The adaptation of the play for radio manuscript was easy.把剧本改编成广播稿很容易。[翻译]　对一些孩子来说，适应新学校的过程很难。The process of adaptation to a new school is difficult for some children.[知识拓展](1)make an adaptation to...　　适应……(2)adapt vi.& vt.   (使)适应；(使)适合           vt.   改编；修改adapt to...   适应……adapt oneself to...   使某人自己适应……adapt sth. for/into...   把……改编成……adapt sth. from...   由……改编[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①My Fair Lady is adapted from a Greek story Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw.②The little boy made an adaptation (adapt) to his new school finally.③Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate.④It is necessary for us to adapt (ourselves) to the climate here as soon as possible.我们有必要尽快适应这里的气候。　comfort n．安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸 vt.安慰；抚慰(教材P14)　“When I miss home，I feel comforted to have a second family，” Xie Lei said.“当我想家的时候，我为有第二个家而感到安慰，”谢蕾说。[例1]　She comforted herself that her husband would be home soon.她安慰自己说她的丈夫很快就会回来。[例2]　You are a great comfort to your parents.你是父母最大的安慰。[翻译]　跟你在一起真令人感到安慰。It's a comfort to be with you．[知识拓展](1)in comfort 　　 舒适地；放松地be a comfort to sb.   对某人来说是个安慰It's a comfort to do sth.  做……是令人安慰的事(2)comfort sb.＝give comfort to sb.   安慰某人(3)comfortable adj.   舒服的；安逸的(4)comfortably adv.   舒适地(5)uncomfortable adj.   不舒适的[即学即练]　单句语法填空/一句多译①It's a comfort to me to know (know) that she is safe.②A cup of hot milk on a cold night is a real comfort.③He had to save enough money so that he could live comfortably．＝He had to save enough money so that he could live in comfort．他得存足够的钱，以便能过上舒适的生活。④My mom always comforts me when I am sick.＝ My mom always gives comfort to me when I am sick.在我生病时，妈妈总是给我以安慰。[名师点津]comfort作“舒适；安慰”讲时，为不可数名词，但作“令人安慰的人或事物”讲时，则是可数名词，前面常出现不定冠词a。类似的还有：success，failure，surprise，joy等；但fun例外，虽然也可指具体的人或事，但它是不可数名词。　participation n．参加；参与(教材P15)　Xie Lei also found many courses included students' participation in class as part of the final result.谢蕾还发现，很多课程都把学生的课堂参与作为最终成绩的一部分。[例1]　We were very pleased with the high level of participation in the charity events.我们为大家积极参与慈善活动感到非常高兴。[例2]　Participation is encouraged at all levels.鼓励各级人士都来参与。[翻译]　这个方案旨在鼓励大众更多地参与体育活动。The scheme aims to encourage increased participation in sporting activities．[知识拓展](1)participation in　 参加；参与(2)participate vi.   参加；参与participate in (doing) sth. with sb.   与某人一起参加/参与做某事participate with sb. in sth.   与某人分担某事(3)participant n.    参加者；参与者[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①As far as I know，he has been an active participant (participate) in the discussion.②Everyone in the class is expected to participate actively in these discussions.③She participated with her friend in his sufferings.她分担朋友的痛苦。[名师点津]participate 是不及物动词，常与in构成搭配，同义短语是join in，take part in。　presentation n. 报告；陈述；出示；拿出(教材P15)　Students need to generate ideas，offer examples，apply concepts，and raise questions，as well as give presentations.学生需要有自己的想法，提供例子，应用概念，提出问题，以及发表演讲。[例1]　On presentation of the relevant identity documents you may collect your property.你只要出示有关的身份证件就可以领取你的财产。[例2]　The Queen will make the presentation herself.女王将亲手赠送礼品。[翻译]　如果你感兴趣，一定要想尽一切办法进行当面陈述。If you get some interest，make every possible attempt to make the presentation in person.[知识拓展]give a presentation of  对……作陈述make a presentation to  为……颁发奖品[即学即练]　完成句子①The candidates have to give a short presentation on a subject of their choice.候选人必须就自己选择的话题进行简短的论述。②The president made a presentation to the businesswoman of the year.总统为本年度最成功的女实业家颁发了奖品。　speak up 大声点说；明确表态(教材P15)　At first，Xie Lei had no idea what she should say，but what surprised her was that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks.刚开始，谢蕾不知道该说什么。可没过几周，使她惊奇的是，她发现自己居然能在课堂上大胆发言了。[例1]　Please speak up so that the people at the back of the room can hear you.请大点声讲，让屋子后面的人也能听见你的声音。[例2]　It's about time someone spoke up for these basic truths.该是有人公开讲清楚这些基本事实的时候了。[翻译]　现在该为蒙受不公正对待的人们大声疾呼了。It's time to speak up for those who are suffering injustice．[知识拓展]speak for　　　 代表……讲话；为……辩护speak one's mind   说出心里话speak well/ill of    表扬/批评speak of    谈起；提到[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①What have you to speak for yourself?②They spoke of the old days on the campus.③We should not speak ill of others behind their backs.我们不应该在背后说别人的坏话。　feel at home舒服自在；不拘束(教材P15)　Now halfway through her exchange year，Xie Lei feels much more at home in the UK.现在一年的交流时间已经过半，谢蕾感到她在英国的学习和生活自如多了。[例1]　Will you ever feel at home here? 在这里你会有无拘无束的感觉吗？[例2]　Make the new students feel at home in your school.让新生们在你们的学校里感到舒适自在。[翻译]　服务员们非常友好，使我们感到像在家里一样。Waitresses are very friendly，which makes us feel at home．[知识拓展]be at home 　　 觉得安适；无拘束feel/be at home with sb. 和某人合得来be home free    稳操胜券，遥遥领先see sb. home   送某人回家[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①We felt at home with her and were impressed with the depth of her knowledge.②She always feels at home in her friend's house.③John was home free in the presidential election.约翰在总统竞选中遥遥领先。　engage vi.参加；参与(活动) vt.吸引(注意力、兴趣)(教材P15)　“Engaging in British culture has helped，” she said.“融入英国文化很有帮助，”她说。[例1]　His good nature engages everyone.他善良的性情吸引每个人。[例2]　She tried to engage him in conversation.她试图让他参与对话。[翻译]　他们从未学过吸引他人注意的技巧。They never learned skills to engage the attention of others．[知识拓展]engage in　　　 (使)从事；参与engage oneself in   正做着，正忙着be engaged by    为……所吸引be engaged in    从事；正做着；正忙着be engaged to    同……订婚[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①I have no time to engage in the debate.②The old lady engaged herself (she) in making clothes for her children.③He was engaged (engage) to my sister.④My family has been engaged in farming for generations.我家几代都从事农业。　involve vt.包含；需要；涉及；影响；(使)参加(教材P15)　As well as studying hard，I've been involved in social activities.除了努力学习，我还参加了一些社会活动。[例1]　I didn't mean to involve you in all this.我没打算让你牵涉到这一切当中。[例2]　What kind of organizations will be involved in setting up these projects?什么组织会参与建立这些项目呢？[翻译]　你的工作包括些什么？What does your job involve?[知识拓展]get/be involved in　 参与；卷入；与……有关联involve sb. in sth.    让某人经历，让某人做(尤指令人不快的事)[即学即练]　完成句子①The vast masses there got/were involved in the health campaign.那里的广大群众都参加了卫生运动。②Don't involve me in your crime；I had nothing to do with it!别把我扯进你的罪案中，我可与它毫无干系。Sentence Patterns　It was the first time that...这是第一次做……(教材P14)　It was the first time that she had left China.这是她第一次离开中国。句式分析：句中It was the first time that...表示“这是第一次做某事”。that从句常用过去完成时。[例1]　It was the first time that she had sung in public.那是她首次公开演唱。[例2]　It was the last time that I had seen him.那是我最后一次看见他。[翻译]　这是我第一次看到一部如此感人的电影。It was the first time that I had seen such a moving movie.[知识拓展]句型结构从句时态意义It was the first (second...) time that...过去完成时这是某人第……次做某事It is the first (second...) time that...现在完成时 [即学即练]　完成句子①It was the first time that he had got such a good chance．这是他第一次得到了这样的一个好机会。②It is the second time that they have visited this city．这是他们第二次参观这座城市。[名师点津]在此句型中的it可用this或that来代替。 　the first time (that)．..第一次……时(教材P14)　The first time that she had to write an essay，her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas，but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought!她第一次写论文时，导师跟她解释说，如果引用别人的观点就一定要注明，不过导师主要是想知道她自己是怎么想的！句式分析：名词性短语the first time (that)在此作连词，引导时间状语从句，表示“第一次……时”。[例1]　The first time I saw her，she wore a red skirt.我第一次见到她时，她穿着一条红裙子。[例2]　I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我感觉很糟。[翻译]　我第一次来到这里就睡了数月以来的一个好觉。The first time I came here，I had the best night's sleep for months.[知识拓展](1)the first time用作连词引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次……时”，而for the first time是介词短语，意为“第一次”，在句子中作状语。(2)引导时间状语从句的短语或词还有every time，each time，the last time，the moment，the minute，immediately，directly等，起从属连词的作用。[即学即练]　完成句子①I'll never forget meeting you for the first time．我从不会忘记第一次见你的情景。②Every/Each time I was in trouble，he would come to help me out.每一次我遇到麻烦，他都会来帮我摆脱困境。③The boy burst into tears the moment/immediately he saw his mother．这个男孩一看到妈妈，就立刻哭了起来。1．When I got lost，I had to ask passers­by for help，but people here speak fast and use words I'm not familiar with.[分析]　句中but连接表示转折关系的并列句，第一个分句中when I got lost为when引导的时间状语从句，I'm not familiar with为省略关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词words。[译文]　当我迷路的时候，我不得不向路人求助，但是这里的人说得很快，而且使用我不熟悉的单词。 2．Although some foreign students live in campus accommodation，Xie Lei chose to live with a host family，who can help with her adaptation to the new culture.[分析]　句中Although some foreign students live in campus accommodation为although引导的让步状语从句，who can help with her adaptation to the new culture为关系代词who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词family。 [译文]　虽然有些外国学生住在学校宿舍，但谢蕾选择了寄宿家庭，他们可以帮助她适应新的文化。 教材高考1.“I was very excited but also quite nervous.I didn't know what to expect，” Xie Lei recalled.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Whaley recalls how at the beginning of the year，when called upon to read，Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.2.“My presentation on traditional Chinese art was a great success，which boosted my confidence，” she said.(2019·天津卷)A dramatic presentation of the topic no more than 10 minutes long.3.“Engaging in British culture has helped，” she said.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Those who were highest in status in high school，as well as those least liked in elementary school，are “most likely to engage in dangerous and risky behavior.”4.As well as studying hard，I've been involved in social activities.(2019·北京卷)No matter what you like to do，there is a way to get involved in various activities on Earth Day.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．I had some difficulty at first recalling (recall) why we were there.2．There will soon be a shortfall in supply of qualified (qualify) young people.3．I'll talk to them，but I won't feel comfortable (comfort) about it.4．We currently have six tutors (tutor) available to help students with their homework.5．Bakker cited (cite) two main arguments to support his theory at that time.6．They invited the world to participate in an international exposition.7．Polish your presentations (presentation) and deliver them enthusiastically to the right market.8．Believe that engaging (engage) in violence against the state is not immoral.9．He had been in two minds as whether to involve (involve) himself in that business.10．The book described the adaptation (adapt) of desert species to the hot conditions.Ⅱ.短语填空participate in；speak up；feel at home；engage in；get involved in；adapt to；in comfort；speak of 1．If you thought that wasn't fair，why didn't you speak up?2．Many more firms are participating in the growth of demand on the world markets.3．He engaged in a serious study of the problem yesterday.4．Speaking of power，we could use yours if you still have it.5．This will enable the audience to sit in comfort while watching the shows.6．I felt at home at once，because I recognized familiar faces.7．He doesn't want to get involved in this dispute.8．The world will be different，and we will have to be prepared to adapt to the change.Ⅲ.课文语法填空It was the first time that 19­year­old Xie Lei 1.had left (leave) China for London.She was very 2.excited (excite) but also quite nervous.Xie Lei was 3.on a year­long exchange programme.She wanted to learn about global business 4.and improve her English.Her ambition is 5.to set (set) up a business in China after graduation.At first，Xie Lei had to adapt to life in a different country.In order to adapt to the new culture 6.quickly (quick)，Xie Lei chose to live with a host family.Another challenge for Xie Lei is the academic requirements.Her tutor 7.advised (advise) her to read lots of information to form 8.a wise opinion of her own.Xie Lei also found many courses included students' 9.participation (participate) in class as part of the final result.Now halfway through 10.her (she) exchange year，Xie Lei feels much more at home in the UK.