英语必修 第二册Unit 6 Earth first导学案

外研版 必修第二册Unit 6 Earth first 导学案
Period 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas

1. 熟悉话题，激活已有的语言、背景知识，激发对话题的兴趣；

2. 激发发散思维，能够通过描述视频与漫画、小组讨论等方式，用英语分析和探讨问题，表达观点；

3. 能够理清作者的观点和写作意图，理解课文信息；

4. 能够运用批判性思维分析课文，形成对文章主题思想的理解；

5. 能基于课文内容联系生活实际，对保护地球这一话题发表自己的意见和观点。。

重点：

1.学生获取视频中与数字相关的细节信息。

2.引导学生通过自主阅读和小组合作，借助语篇知识，梳理语篇结构。

难点：

1.说明环境问题堪忧的理由。

2.生运用审辩式思维梳理人们对鲨鱼的态度变化。

一、课前预习

1、词汇积累（核心单词+重点短语） 

A）核心单词                                          

B）重点短语

2、词语释义：

①______  to swim underwater, usually using special equipment so that you can breathe

②______  to intend or to try to attack someone or something

③______  the situation when an animal, plant, or language no longer exists

④______  a large fish with sharp teeth that lives in the sea

⑤______  used for emphasising that something good has happened, especially because of good luck

3、语篇导学：

(1) Read the text and fill in the blanks.

①Before the film JAWS,people had a long­held idea that the great white shark is 1.____________．

②After the film JAWS,people became more 2.____________ of sharks.

The number of large sharks fell quickly due to fear of sharks and 3.____________．

③In 1980,Peter Benchley admitted that his book was 4.____________ about sharks’ behaviour.

④Today,more people want to 5.____________ the sharks from extinction.

Read the text carefully and choose the best answer according to the text.

①What is the writer’s purpose of writing the passage?

A．To raise people’s awareness of shark protection.

B．To criticize Peter Benchley’s misleading description of sharks.

C．To recommend the film Jaws and the book to people.

D．To inform people that sharks are dangerous.

②According to the passage, which one is WRONG about the film Jaws?

A．A woman died as a result of a shark’s attack.

B．It was popular with huge audiences.

C．It changed people’s long­held idea of shark as a dangerous animal.

D．It won a great reputation in the field of film.

③Why did the number of large sharks fall quickly?

A．Because of the climate change. B．Because of the pollution of the ocean.

C．Because of lacking of enough food. D．Because of people’s killing and finning.

④Nowadays, what is people’s attitude towards protecting sharks?

A．Neutral.  B．Favorable.  C．Disapproval.  D．Indifferent.

二、词汇精析

1.scare v.使(某人)惊恐，吓唬

【原句再现】People have always been scared of sharks，but Jaws made things worse.

人们总是害怕鲨鱼，但是《大白鲨》使事情变得更糟。

【归纳拓展】

►单句语法填空

①They scared the little boy______  stealing foods in the supermarket.

②The little girl is scared of______ (go)out alone.

③The shy boy is scared______  (ask) for help at school.

►完成句子

④Having made mistakes, he is scared______  facing his strict teacher.

⑤They managed to scare the bear______  with a torch.

他们设法用火把把熊吓跑了。

2.target v.把……作为目标

【原句再现】“Sharks don’t target humans，” he said.

“鲨鱼不以人类为目标，”他说。。

【归纳拓展】

单句语法填空/补全句子

①Google used the data collected from users ______(target)advertising better.

②The woman______ (瞄准目标) but hit the wall.

③We should __________（设定一个目标）and try to achieve it.

3.fortunately　 adv.幸运地

【原句再现】Fortunately, not everyone who watched the film Jaws became afraid of sharks—some became interested in understanding them.

幸运的是，并不是所有看过电影《大白鲨》的人都害怕鲨鱼——有些人开始对了解鲨鱼感兴趣。

【归纳拓展】

►单句语法填空

①______(fortunate), I hurt my knee when I fell down on the ice.

②It was fortunate______  he had left the house before the fire broke out.

►完成句子

③I feel fortunate______ (have) such a friend.

我有这样的朋友，真是幸运。

④Many of us are fortunate______ (be) here with family.

我们中很多人都很幸运，能够在这里和家人们在一起。

4.attitude　n．(尤指通过行为表现出的对某事的一般)看法，态度

【原句再现】Complete the chart showing how attitudes towards sharks have changed with words and expressions from the passage.

用文章中的单词和短语完成对鲨鱼态度变化的图表。

【归纳拓展】

完成句子

①Keep a positive ______ and good things will happen.

保持积极的态度，好事就会发生。

He’s an easy­going, friendly young man with a casual sort of attitude ______ money.

他是个随和、友善的年轻人，不太在意金钱。

③他对家庭作业的态度不端正。

He ______ ______ his homework.

5.due to因为

【原句再现】This was not only due to fear of sharks，but also finning.

这不仅是因为害怕鲨鱼，而且是由于捕鲨割鳍。

【归纳拓展】

►写出下列句中due to的含义

①Several traffic accidents happened on the highway due to the heavy fog in the morning.  ______

②(2)The money is due to me, but I haven’t got it yet.  ______

The team’s success was largely due to her efforts.  ______归功于

►同义句转换

④They have had another good harvest ______  the heavy snow of last winter.

→They have had another good harvest ____________ the heavy snow of last winter.

6.cut off　 切断；阻断；隔绝

【原句再现】Finning is a type of fishing where sharks are caught and their fins cut off.

切鱼鳍是一种捕获的方式，在这个过程中鲨鱼被捕获，鱼鳍被切除。

【归纳拓展】

用cut的相关短语填空

①After much bargaining(讨价还价)，the shop owner agreed to_____  the price by 20%.

The water supply of this district was_____ because the water pipe was broken.

Because the boy is too young, his mother has to_____  all the food to feed him.

7. have an effect upon对……有影响

【原句再现】Finning would have an unexpected effect upon Peter Benchley，the man who wrote the book the film Jaws was based on.

捕鲨割鳍对彼得·本奇利产生了意想不到的影响，电影《大白鲨》就是根据他的书改编的。

【归纳拓展】

用上面方框中的短语填空

①Her illness__________  her work.

②It won’t be easy to _______the changes______ .

The new tax rates_________  from April.

8.be wrong about 在……方面是错的； 误解……

【原句再现】He admitted that his book was wrong about sharks’ behaviour.

他承认他的书对鲨鱼行为的描写是错误的。

【归纳拓展】

完成句子

①Sometimes you can_______ (犯错)，but this is the best way to learn this new language.

②We can often_________ (误解)each other，so it is an amazing thing that we understand each other as well as we do!

Mary’s friend felt regret for he __________(冤枉她).

三、句型

形容词（短语）作状语

【原句再现】Some people stopped swimming in the sea, afraid of the horrible creature from the film.

有些人因为害怕电影里可怕的生物而不再在海里游泳。

【解析】

1.句中“afraid of the horrible creature from the film”是形容词短语作状语，相当于because some people were afraid of the horrible creature from the film。

2.形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。

【仿写】因为又冷又饿，他停止工作回家了。

_______________________________________________

2、现在分词作定语

【原句再现】Over time, this could make her a danger to people living in the area.

时间长了，它就会成为附近居民的威胁。

【解析】该句中，living in the area在句中做people的定语。people与live是逻辑上的主谓关系。

【仿写】那是一个挑战性的工作，但我做到了。

_________________________________.

Ⅰ.根据首字母或中文提示,用本单元出现的单词的正确形式完成句子。

1. Sarah has won an a________for her invention to protect the local ecosystem.

2. I have a h________feeling that we're going to miss the plane.

3. If you don' t send the cat to the vet, it will die slowly and p________.

4. Measures have been taken to prevent this kind of rare animal from ________(灭绝).

5. Many ________(自然环境的) problems are caused due to human beings' ignorance.

6. The advertisement was designed to ________(把…作为目标) mass audiences.

7. His two-year study could p________that volcanoes will have a part to play in preventing global warming.

8. Paul ________(承认) to me that he admired my friendship with Stanley.

9. Sometimes it is difficult to change peoples a________towards certain animal.

10. She ________(推荐) a good book about rare species to me yesterday.

Ⅱ.课文语法填空

The 1975 film Jaws was a great success, 1_____(attract) huge audiences and winning many awards. People have always been 2_____(scare) of sharks, but Jaws made things worse. Many people 3_____ saw the film considered sharks as bad animals. Some even began to fish for sharks. As 4_____ result, the number of sharks fell quickly. This was not only due to fear of sharks, 5_____ also finning. After finning, the sharks 6_____(throw) back into the sea where they die painfully. In 1980, Peter Benchley came across an awful sight. He 7_____(admit) that his book was wrong about sharks’ 8_____(behave). 9_____(fortunate), more people become interested in sharks now, and they want 10_____(protect) them from extinction.

Ⅲ.阅读理解

Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks.His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he's an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter，including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road.What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.

Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year.So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台)．The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California，including Los Angeles. Eyeing these_headwinds，plastic­bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.

Among the bag makers' arguments：many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags，which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport.And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at，they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.

The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement：reusable shopping bags.The stronger a reusable bag is，the longer its life and the more plastic­bag use it cancels out.However，longer­lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.

Environmentalists don't dispute(质疑)these points.They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.

1．What has Steven Stein been hired to do?

A．Help increase grocery sales.   B．Recycle the waste material.

C．Stop things falling off trucks.   D．Argue for the use of plastic bags.

2．What does the word “headwinds” in paragraph 2 refer to?

A．Bans on plastic bags.   B．Effects of city development.

C．Headaches caused by garbage.   D．Plastic bags hung in trees.

3．What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic­bag makers?

A．They are quite expensive.   B．Replacing them can be difficult.

C．They are less strong than plastic bags.   D．Producing them requires more energy.

4．What is the best title for the text?

A．Plastic，Paper or Neither   B．Industry，Pollution and Environment

C．Recycle or Throw Away   D．Garbage Collection and Waste Control

【参考答案】

一、课前预习

1、生词+短语

A) 略

B) 略

2、词语释义：①dive; ②target; ③extinction; ④shark; ⑤fortunately

3、语篇导学：(1):①dangerous　②scared　③finning　④wrong　⑤protect

(2):1-4：ACDB

二、词汇精析

1、①into；②going；③to ask；④of；⑤away/off

2、①to target；②aimed at the target；③set a target

3、①Unfortunately；②that；③having/to have；④to be

4、①attitude；②towards/to ；③has/take a bad attitude to/towards

5、①因为；②应支付；③thanks to；④due to/because of/owing to

6、①cut down；②cut_off；③cut up

7、①has had a bad effect on；②put ,into effect；③came into effect

8、①go wrong；②be wrong about；③did wrong to her

三、句型

    Cold and hungry, he stopped working and went home.

课后巩固

Ⅰ、1.award  2.horrible  3.painfully  4.extinction  5.environmental  6.target  7.prove  8.admitted  9.attitudes  10. recommended

Ⅱ、1.attracting；2.scared；3.who/that；4.a；5.but；6.are thrown；7.admitted；8.behaviour；9.Fortunately；10.to protect

Ⅲ、阅读理解

【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。文章论述的主题是一次性塑料袋究竟对环境好不好，塑料袋和纸袋哪个好。

1．【答案】D　

【解析】细节理解题。从第一段的最后一句“What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.”可知，Steven被公司雇用是为了维护塑料袋制造业，因此D项正确，意为“为塑料袋的使用进行辩护”。

2．【答案】A　

【解析】词义猜测题。前句提到禁止使用塑料袋。此处的headwinds指的就是禁止使用塑料袋的条例，因此A项正确。

3．【答案】D　

【解析】细节理解题。从文章第四段的“However，longer­lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.”可知，生产可以循环使用的购物袋需要花费更多的能源。所以D项正确。

4．【答案】A　

【解析】标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文论述的主要内容是塑料袋好还是纸质的袋子好。因此A项符合文章主题，意为“塑料(袋)、纸(袋)还是都不用”。